RT100 IMAGING SYSTEM

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1. three main components for xray tube

imaging system operating console
high voltage generator

2. diagnostic xrays voltage 25-150 kVp

and current 100-1200mA

3. xray intensity radiation quantity

4. xrays penetrability radiation quality

5. control current and voltage operating console

so useful xray beam is of
proper quantity and quality

6. where is operating console located in adjoining room with protective bar-

located rier separating the two

7. where is high voltage gener- housed in equipment cabinet and position

ator located against the wall

8. xray imaging systems are- 220V

designed to operate on ____
power

9. rectangle/square plas- radiographic film cassette

tic/metallic container used
to hold xray films(exposed
or unexposed) and intens-
fying screens in close and
uniform contact with one
another

10. found inside the film cas- intensifying screen

sette

11. support over comfort radiographic table

12. when should foam pads be if patient is required to be on table for longer
used in radiographic table than 10 minutes
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13. must be uniformly radiolu- table top

cent

14. why should table top be ra- to easily permit xrays to pass through
diolucent?

15. what is used in table top carbon fiber

16. why is carbon fiber used in strong and very little xrays photons are ab-
table top sorbed

17. who made the bucky tray Gustav Bucky

18. like a drawer to put film cas- bucky tray

sette/image plate

19. 3 adjustments and move- tilting/nontilting

ments adjustable/nonadjustable
stationary/free floating

20. designed for both diagnos- tilting rooms

tic and fluroscopic work

21. tilting models usually tilt 90 degrees in one direction and 15-30 de-
___ in one direction and ___ grees in another
in another

22. ancillary equipment in tilt- footboard, shoulder support, hand grip, com-
ing rooms pression bands

23. table where head is lower trendelenburg

than feet

24. main methods for xray tube ceiling support

support floor to ceiling support system
c arm support system

25. -2 perpendicular sets of ceiling support

ceiling mounted rails

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-most frequently used
method of xray support

26. xray tube support where floor to ceiling support system

single column with rollers at
each end

27. xray tube support where im- C Arm support system

age receptor is attached to
the other end

28. for xrays o be produced, electron source

certain conditions must ex- acceleration of electrons
ist appropriate target material
high voltage
vacuum

29. function of xray tube to produce xray radiation

30. xray tube converts in- converts electrical energy into xray energy
put_____ into an output and heat
____

31. cathode and anode is also electrode

called

32. electrode is ____ cm long 20-35 cm long and 15 cm in diameter

and ____ in diameter

33. xray tube part where solid protective housing

mechanical support

34. xray tube part where it pre- protective housign

vents famage to the tube
caused by handling

35. protective housing contains insulator and thermal cushion

oil that serves as an

36. protective housing

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xray tube part where lead
lined metal structure that
guards agaisnt electrical
shock

37. is an electronic vacuum xray tube

tube with components con-
tained within a glass/metal
enclosure

38. alters the electrical proper- glass enclosure

ties of tube, allowing tube
current to stray and interact
with the glass enclosure, re-
sulting in arcing and tube
failure

39. why is tungsten used in tungsten vaporizes and coats the inside of the
glass enclosure glass enclosure

40. -maintain a constant elec- metal enclosure

tric potential between the
electrons of the tube cur-
rent and closure
-have longer life and less
likely to fail

41. area which useful beams tube window

are emitted

42. length of tube window 5 cm square

43. allows maximum emission tube window

of xrays with minimum ab-
sorption

44. allows for mroe efficient vacuum

xray production and longer
tube life

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45. vacuum when just little gas is in the enclosure, electron
flow from cathode to anode is reduced there-
fore fewer xrays produced

46. why is evacuated tube with to avoid buildup reduction of off focus radia-
2 electrodes housed in an tion
evacuated envelope

47. two typed of envelopes glass(pyrex)

metal

48. disadvantage of metal particles from tungsten will evaporate

glass(pyrex) result in arcing and tube failure

49. visble part of the tube housing

50. cointsins vacuum, elec- glass envelope

trodes(cathode and anode)

51. why vacuum more effienct xray production and longer tube
life

52. negative electrode of xray cathode

tube

53. to produce a thermionic cathode

cloud, conduct the high
voltage to the gap between
cathode and anode, and fo-
cus the electron stream as it
heads for the anode

54. focus the electron stream as cathode

it speeds towards the anode

55. cathode contains: filament

focusing cup
wiring for filament

56. filament
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coil of wire, 2mm in diame-
ter and 1-2cm long

57. filament is ____ in diameter 2mm in diamter and 1-2 cm long

and ____ long

58. why is tungsten used in fila- higher thermionic emission

ment high melting point(6200F, 3410C)
resists vaporization

59. why is thorium used in fila- 1-2% thorium added

ment high efficiency and extend tube life

60. what is thermionic emission boiling off of electrons

61. metal shroud that embeds focusing cup

the filament

62. confines electron beam to a focusing cup

small area of the anode

63. what is focusing cup made nickel and molybdenum

of

64. structure which supports focusing cup

the filament

65. with focusing cup, the elec- condensed and directed to the target
tron beam is

66. focusing cup function stray electron pattern

67. how does mA influence ex- Low mA, few electrons thus few x-rays are
posure produced.
High mA, more electrons thus more x-rays are
produced.

68. collection of negatively space charge

charged electrons in the
vicinity of the filament when
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no voltage is applied be-
tween cathode and anode

69. in space charge the number constant

of electrons remain

70. Tendency of space charge space charge effect

to limit the emission of more
electrons from the filament

71. positively charged elec- anode

trode

72. attracts electrons and op- anode

poses the cathode

73. has specific area where pro- anode

jectile electrons impact fo-
cal spots

74. the anode has a _______ tar- high density metal target
get

75. contains the focal spot anode

76. the anode is a ____ disc beveled disc mounted on rotor supported by
mounted on ____ supported bearings
by ____

77. three functions of anode target surface for high voltage electrons
conducts high voltage from cathode back to
xray
primary thermal conductor

78. common anode materials copper, molybdenum, tungsten, graphite

79. why are copper, molyb- high atomic number

denum, tungsten, graphite high melting point
common anode materials high heat conduction

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80. anode material should have high conversion efficiency for electrons into
xray
high melting point to tolerate heat
high conductivity to remove heat rapidly
suitable mechanical properties

81. area of anode struck by the target

electrons from the cathode

82. in stationary anode, target embedded in the anode

is

83. in rotating anode, target is rotating disc

84. two types of anode stationary and rotating

85. 3 main reasons why tung- high atomic number

sten is material of choice for thermal conductivity
target high melting point(3400C)

86. the anode disc is made of molybdenum

87. the target focal track is rhenium and tungsten backed with graphite
made of

88. tungsten embedded in cop- stationary anode

per small area for focal spot
thus there is limited amount
of tube current

89. stationary anode is com- made of tungsten

posed of: 2-3 mm thick
embedded in large mass of copper
consist of filament
triangular/rectangular shape
anode angle- 15-20 degrees
require only low anode current

90. rotating anode consists of` target, rotor, stem

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91. spread the heat produced rotating anode
when the electrons bom-
bard a focal track

92. rotating anode is ____ RPM 3000-10000 RPM

93. rotating anode components rotating target

anode stem
stator in induction coil
rotor in indiction coil
ball bearings
safety circuit

94. what material is used for an- molybdenum because it has long restrict con-
ode stem and why is it used duction of heat

95. what material is rotor made copper and iron because it has high thermal
of and why is it used capacity and rotation od anode 9000 rpm

96. rotating anode properties made of tungsten with rhenium

beveled edge
speed of rotation: 3000 RPM
tungsten disc rotated during exposure, in-
creasing the area bombarded by electrons
energy dissipated to large volume as it is
spread over anode disc

97. the atomic number of target quality and quantity of xrays

affects both

98. increase in target atomic increase efficiency of xray production

number= and increase energy of characteristic and
bremsstrahlung xray

99. materials used for anode tungsten-rhenium target on molybdenum core

target material backed with graphite

100. why is rhenium used for an- makes tungsten more ductile and resistant to
ode target material wear from impact of electron beams

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101. why is molybdenum used conducts heat
for anode target material

102. why is graphite used for an- provides thermal storage

ode target material

103. why use tungsten high atomic number

low vapor pressure
high melting point(3387C)
good thermal conductivity
high density

104. difference of stationary and stationary:

rotating anode smaller machines, target fixed in block of cop-
per, low output, mA-30mA

rotating:
larger machines, target rotate in tungsten
disc, higher output, mA upto 300 mA

105. anode stem properties made of molybdenum

high melting point but poor conductor of heat=
protects ball bearing from undesirable heat
length of molybdenum must be short

106. why must the length of high length=high inertia=high load on bear-
molybdenum be short ings

107. bearings properties increases tube life

lubricant used is silver
silver is suitable in vacuum

108. how does the anode rotate powered by an electromagnetic induction mo-
inside an enclosure with no tor
mechanical connection to
the outside

109. the rotating anode is driven electromagnetic induction motor

by

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110. -consists of series of elec- stator
tromagnets equally spaced
around neck of tube
-located outside the glass
envelope

111. -shaft made of bars of cop- rotor

per and soft iron fabricated
into one mass
-located inside the glass en-
velope

112. motor function provides magnetic field for induction of current

113. what is motor consisted of electromagenet coils around glass

114. why does motor have elec- to provide a rotating magnetic field to induce
tromagnet coils around the currents producing forces needed to rotate
glass the copper rotor

115. how long is induction motor 1 second

energized before high volt-
age is applied to tube

116. delay in induction motor en- electrons do not strike the target before anode
ergized before high voltage reached its maximum speed of rotation
is applied to tube ensures

117. how does rotor function
1. anode disc rotate at high speed
2. magnetic field provided by stator induces
current in copper rotor
3. current provides power for rotation of anode
assembly
4. rotor beating need to operate in vacu-
um, conduct a high voltage and reach high
temp(500C)

118. why increase speed of rota- to increase ability of anode to withstand heat
tion

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119. modifications to increase decrease length of anode stem
speed of anode decrease weight of anode
2 sets of ball bearings

120. area on the anode which is focal spot

bomarded by electrons and
xrays are produced

121. determines amount of xrays focal spot size

falliing on image receptor
and resolution of image

122. why should focal spot size to produce radiographic images with sharp
be small edges

123. how to decrease effect of using xray exposures of high intensity and
damages in target area of short duration
xray production

124. high intensity exposure electron emission rate that exceeds capacity
may require of filament

125. xrays are produced when high speed electrons hit the metal target

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