Replication of DNA

It is the process of producing two identical copies from One Original DNA molecule
Including 3 different types such as—
1. Semiconservative replication 2.Conservative replication 3. Dispersive
replication

Semiconservative replication
It was proposed by Watson and Crick in 1953. In this process, Produce to copies
contains one Original and one new strand.It is completed by three consecutive
stages,

a) Separation of strands:
• First of all the DNA is relaxed from its super coiling nature by topoisomerase
enzyme.
• Replication begins at the origin of replication along a DNA molecule where
DNA is unzipped and nitrogen bases separate from each other by helicase
enzyme forming replication bubbles leading to Y shaped replication fork at
both ends.
• SSBP ( single strand binding protein) binds to separated DNA strands and
prevents them from reannealing after unwinding.

b)Creation of complementary strands:

• Separated each strand of DNA serps as a template for synthesis of
complementary DNA strand
• Among them one runs from 5’ to 3’ end called leading strand and other runs
from 3’ to 5’end is called lagging strand .
• RNA primer made by RNA Primase binds at the end of leading strand and
various points of lagging strand acting as starting point for DNA synthesis.
• By the help of DNA Polymerase and magnesium ion several nucleotides are
attached at the free 3’ end of the leading strand in 5’ to 3’ direction only y the
help of phosphodiester bond.\
• In the lagging strand there are discontinuous small fragments of synthesized
DNA called Okazaki fragments. Later these fragments are joined together by
DNA Ligase enzyme.In both strands RNA primase adds more RNA primers .

c) Creation of new DNA:

• After matching up all the bases an enzyme called exonuclease removes the
primers then the new strands are proofread to DNA mismatch repair (MMR) in
the new DNA sequence.
• Finally DNA Ligase seals the sequence of DNA into two continuous double
strands.