Topography

Karakorum:

 Means black gravel

 Rock and Ice
 Connects us to China through khunjerab pass and Karakorum highway
 Has Hunza valley
 Runs East to West
 Sharp peeks, narrow valleys, Glaciers instead of rivers
 Inhospitable, harsh mountains
 Agriculture in valleys where there is plentiful water, fruits and blah
 Apples, millets barley, cattle breeding
 Nomadic or semi nomadic life
 Passes only open half the year in summers
 Precipitation mainly snow
 6000m average
 K2
 Challenging climate and beauty attracts scientists and mountaineers

Himalayas:

 Beneath Karakorum
 East to West
 Central, lesser Siwalks
 Siwaliks (600 to 12000) like attock
 Lesser (1800 TO 4500) (popular like Murree and Nathia Gali)
 Central are higher and mostly in Kashmir
 Average is 4000
 Snowcapped, steep sided peaks, huge glaciers.
 Nanga Parbat
 Naran Kaghan

Hindu Kush:

 Where Afghanistan and cinah meet on our border

 North to south
 Resembles Karakorum
 Average is 5000
 Tirich Mir
 Large glaciers
 Steep sided valleys, fast slowing river
 Has passes
 Bare of vegetation but do have forests in east
 Rice cultivates
  Chitral and Swat and Dir

Importance:

1. Snow melts, drains rivers

2. Passes that connect to countries
3. Protect against cold winds of Asia
4. Minerals, timber, fruits
5. Tourists and beauty

People and economy:

 Traditional
 Low economic growth
 High population growth
 Lack of infrastrucute
 Jobs: agriculture, subsistence farming, cattle breeding, terraced farming
 Cottage industries
 Tourists buy these: foreign exchange
 Industries: processing food grains, vegetable oil, sugar, and fruit.
 Some have regional trade to cities like isl

Problems:

 Have HEP potential but expensive

 Low literacy
 Health and hygiene issues.
 Traditional
 No infrastructure
 Malnutrition
 Regional trade difficult due to terrain
 Tourism leaves pollution
 Deforestation
 Land sliding
 Rapid population growth

Importance of West:

 Bare of vegetation
 Irrigation not possible
 Transport limited
 Only Peshawar and kohat connected by air and rail
 Rugged landscape
 Difficult life
 Dev projects have not been
 Nomads
  Mineral

Balochistan Platuea:

 Irregular basins (Zhob and Loralia)

 Mountains
 Infrequent rain
 Seasonal rivers and basins
 Devoid of vegetation
 Hamuns

Economy:

1. Minerals : rich, Saindak Copper and Gold, coal mines by PMD, antimony and gold near
Kharan, crude oil and natural gas,
2. Agriculture: fruits (75 % of those fruits), exported to gulf states, good quality, Vegetables,
long cold winters help, warm dry summers good for seeds, Livestock: nomads, woll, goat
skin, exported nut not always good quality
3. Fishing:

Future: minerals should be exploited, livestock quality, deep sea gwadr port, saindak copper, fishing
should be modern.