The Voting Rights Act of 1965 is a landmark piece of federal legislation in the United States that

prohibits racial discrimination in voting. It was signed into law by President Lyndon B. Johnson
during the height of the Civil Rights Movement. The Act is considered one of the most significant
achievements of the Civil Rights Movement and has been instrumental in protecting the voting rights
of minorities, particularly African Americans, who faced significant barriers to voting in many parts
of the country.

The Voting Rights Act has been the subject of much research and analysis over the years. Scholars
and researchers have examined its impact on voting rights, electoral politics, and the broader struggle
for civil rights in the United States. A research paper on the Voting Rights Act can explore a wide
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Voting Rights Act and its impact on American democracy.
Mendel Rivers. Hearings on H.R. 6400 and other proposals to enforce the 15th Amendment to the
Constitution of the United States, March 31, 1965; 89th Congress; Washington: Government
Printing Office, 1965. Despite the enactment of laws, white supremacists continued to attack
African-Americans. In this Vanderbilt University Special Collections and Archives exhibit, we use
artifacts to convey the challenges and triumphs of the American presidency and its extensive role in
American politics. Congress renewed it for another 25 years by a vote of 390 to 33 in the House and
unanimously in the Senate. The VRA of 1965 was guaranteed under the 14th and 15th Amendments
to the Constitution. By the end of 1966, only four out of 13 southern states had fewer than 50
percent of African Americans registered to vote. But unfortunately, Connor’s legacy still lingers in
modern day, less overt strategies to block African Americans, Latinos, and other minorities from the
ballot. It is an activity wherein each student is required to choose from. Such challenge shall be
determined within fifteen days after it has been filed. Electronic-voting or e-voting has been
implemented in campus elections since 2004. The 1965 voting rights act of 1965 removed these
barriers to African American suffrage in the South. Find teaching activities that incorporate this
document, or create your own online activity. Since 1984, the Attorney General has consented to
every bail out application, including New Hampshire’s, in December 2012. In Harper v. Virginia
State Board of Elections, 383 U.S. 663 (1966), the Supreme Court held Virginia's poll tax to be
unconstitutional under the 14th amendment. Johnson, a Democrat, who had earlier signed the
landmark Civil Rights Act of 1964 into law. Direct students to analyze the data from these tables to
form an understanding of the situation in 1965 relating to white and nonwhite voters in certain
states. It was the first time the federal government undertook voting reforms as it was always a state
matter. In Selma, Alabama reported violent resistance to black people voting was prevalent. The
appropriate State or local election official shall place such names on the official voting list. The
combination of public revulsion to the violence and Johnson's political skills stimulated Congress to
pass the voting rights bill on August 5, 1965. This engaging event is set for 5:30 p.m. Wednesday
(Feb. 25) in Weems Auditorium, Room 1078, of the University of Mississippi School of Law. In The
Franchise, Policing, and Race: Evidence from Arrests Data and the Voting Rights Act (NBER
Working Paper 27463 ), Giovanni Facchini, Brian G. This amendment was the Voting Act in 1965
which President Johnson asked a joint sitting of the Congress to support his rallying call. Historical
Background: In 1870, the 15th Amendment to the Constitution was passed. As a result, groups such
as the Black Panther Party were formed, which called Americans. The researchers compare the
outcomes in these counties with those in other locations — Arkansas, Florida, Tennessee, Texas, and
61 counties in North Carolina — that were not covered by the VRA. A political subdivision may
petition the Attorney General for the termination of listing procedures under clause (a) of this
section, and may petition the Attorney General to request the Director of the Census to take such
survey or census as may be appropriate for the making of the determination provided for in this
section. People such as Stokers Carmichael and other activists for black power aimed for well- off
black communities in which humanistic love would prevail. However, even with the ability to fairly
vote and with discrimination outlawed by the Civil Rights Act, blacks still found themselves in a
seer position than most whites in society and began to strive for higher goals than just integration. In
this activity, students in small groups will analyze types of evidence presented to the House of
Representatives Judiciary Committee in 1965 when it considered voting rights legislation.
The 1965 voting rights act of 1965 removed these barriers to African American suffrage in the South.
A political subdivision may petition the Attorney General for the termination of listing procedures
under clause (a) of this section, and may petition the Attorney General to request the Director of the
Census to take such survey or census as may be appropriate for the making of the determination
provided for in this section. African-Americans became increasingly aggressive in their quest to be
recognized and granted equal status as Whites. American Journal of Political Science, 61(3), 513-
526. President Johnson signed the Act on August 6, 1965. Receive a tailored piece that meets your
specific needs and requirements. Where are provisions of this law currently being enforced. They
conclude that by increasing the accountability of CLEOs to the Black electorate, the VRA led to
changes in police behavior and changes in patterns of arrests. In those years, African Americans in
the South faced tremendous obstacles to voting, including poll taxes, literacy tests, and other
bureaucratic restrictions to deny them the right to vote. Katzenbach, 383 U.S. 301, 327-28 (1966)
and Allen v. It states that the citizen’s right to vote shall not be taken away because of race. The
impact of the U.S. presidency has evolved particularly in relation to civil rights, foreign relations and
the handling of war and peace. However, in 2013 the Supreme Court struck down a core provision
of the 1965 Voting Rights Act, just as numerous states were passing restrictive voter identification
laws that some claim are likely to suppress the turnout of black and poor citizens. All images and
other primary sources collected from Library of Congress, National Archives or public domain. The
tactics of the pre-1965 Civil Rights movement varied in specifics, but the overall strategy followed
nonviolent methods. A state or political subdivision wishing to change its election laws must submit
its proposed change to the Attorney General of the United States or obtain a declaratory judgment
from the u.s. District court for the District of Columbia. Before the Civil Rights act of 1 964 and the
Voting Rights Act f 1965, much of the Civil Rights Movement focused on achieving desegregation
and equality. See the fact file below for more information on the Voting Rights Act of 1965 or
alternatively, you can download our comprehensive worksheet pack to utilise within the classroom or
home environment. This is usually done in committees, after which the committee reports a bill to the
full chamber for debate and amendment. The district court shall hear and determine such matters
immediately after the filing of such application. An examiner shall have authority to accept such
payment from any person authorized by this Act to make an application for listing, and shall issue a
receipt for such payment. It was the first time the federal government undertook voting reforms as it
was always a state matter. Lest you think that all jurisdictions covered under this critical law are
chafing under its purview, Mississippi, which has the largest portion of African-American voters of
any state in the country, and North Carolina, which has the seventh largest, joined California and
New York in voicing their steadfast support of the law. For example, there was legislation that had
made it mandatory for people to take a literacy test as a condition for them to be allowed to vote.
The Voting Rights Act of 1965 was readopted and strengthened in 1970, 1975, and 1982. The law
also stated that any form of coercion and intimidation of a person attempting to vote was illegal. It is
an activity wherein each student is required to choose from. Upon receipt of such notification, the
Attorney General may forthwith file with the district court an application for an order providing for
the marking, casting, and counting of the ballots of such persons and requiring the inclusion of their
votes in the total vote before the results of such election shall be deemed final and any force or
effect given thereto. President Johnson was determined to see this happen, and that motivated his
ambition and resolve to end racial injustice and poverty in America. Arrests of Blacks by municipal
police fell in counties that were covered by the VRA, had a high concentration of Black residents,
and had elected police chiefs.
Such officials shall, jointly, make a report to the Congress not later than June 30, 1966, containing
the results of such study, together with a list of any States in which such preconditions exist, and
shall include in such report such recommendations for legislation as they deem advisable to prevent
discrimination in voting against citizens serving in the Armed Forces of the United States. This
engaging event is set for 5:30 p.m. Wednesday (Feb. 25) in Weems Auditorium, Room 1078, of the
University of Mississippi School of Law. However, the country has experienced and still experiences
numerous challenges in implementing equality laws. Johnson presented the voting rights Bill in
March 1965, which was turned into a law on 6th August 1965. In 1965, 250,000 new African
American voters were registered. Racial discrimination in voting had previously been a norm
throughout the country. When this era ended through the Compromise of 1877, southern states
reverted back to using the Jim Crow law. For example, in 1963 in Birmingham, Alabama, call rights
protesters stood up against unfair laws and police brutality without raising a hand to defend
themselves. Congress renewed it for another 25 years by a vote of 390 to 33 in the House and
unanimously in the Senate. Their baseline analysis compared arrest patterns along four dimensions:
for Blacks versus Whites; before and after the passage of the VRA; areas covered by the VRA versus
non-covered areas; and counties with significant Black populations, which were more impacted by
the VRA, versus counties with fewer Black residents. A petition for review of the decision of the
hearing officer may be filed in the United States court of appeals for the circuit in which the person
challenged resides within fifteen days after service of such decision by mail on the person
petitioning for review but no decision of a hearing officer shall be reversed unless clearly erroneous.
An application to an examiner shall be in such form as the Commission may require and shall contain
allegations that the applicant is not otherwise registered to vote. A challenge to such listing may be
made in accordance with section 9(a) and shall not be the basis for a prosecution under section 12 of
this Act. By continuing we’ll assume you’re on board with our. The rule went into effect in 1965 as a
temporary measure, lasting for only five years, and applied only to certain states. Edit This
worksheet can be edited by Premium members using the free Google Slides online software. Before
the Civil Rights act of 1 964 and the Voting Rights Act f 1965, much of the Civil Rights Movement
focused on achieving desegregation and equality. The use of poll taxes in national elections had been
abolished by the 24th amendment (1964) to the Constitution; the Voting Rights Act directed the
Attorney General to challenge the use of poll taxes in state and local elections. The district court shall
hear and determine such matters immediately after the filing of such application. At the beginning of
the 1900s, African-Americans started to fight against segregation, but it was not until 1954 that they
were heard by many and change started to take effect. Groups should answer Question 1 at the
bottom of the sheet. As a result, African-American voter registration was limited, along with political
power. The law also stated that any form of coercion and intimidation of a person attempting to vote
was illegal. Therefore, an appreciation of the importance of this historic act is It is also of utmost
importance to mention that this was a culmination of efforts of several proponents of change. Buying
from Michele Luck’s Social Studies If you like this resource, please leave feedback. In this
Vanderbilt University Special Collections and Archives exhibit, we use artifacts to convey the
challenges and triumphs of the American presidency and its extensive role in American politics.
Upon receipt of such notification, the Attorney General may forthwith file with the district court an
application for an order providing for the marking, casting, and counting of the ballots of such
persons and requiring the inclusion of their votes in the total vote before the results of such election
shall be deemed final and any force or effect given thereto. The 1965 voting rights act of 1965
removed these barriers to African American suffrage in the South. Johnson signed the Voting Rights
Act, also known as VRA, into law prohibiting all kinds of discrimination in voting. In their amicus
brief to the Supreme Court, these states characterized the burdens Section 5 imposes as “minimal”
and lauded the provision for helping their states move closer to their “goal of eliminating racial
discrimination and inequities in voting.”.
Ford was elected to the US House of Representatives. Civil rights movements grew increasingly
influential, and the government of the day had to listen to them keenly. The combination of public
revulsion to the violence and Johnson's political skills stimulated Congress to pass the voting rights
bill on August 5, 1965. The tactics of the pre-1965 Civil Rights movement varied in specifics, but the
overall strategy followed nonviolent methods. All images and other primary sources collected from
Library of Congress, National Archives or public domain. White supremacists continued to
intimidate and harass African-Americans through poll taxes, grandfather clauses, and literacy tests to
prevent them from voting. During his tenure he favored increasing the defense budget, and he
usually voted for civil rights legislation. Upload Read for free FAQ and support Language (EN) Sign
in Skip carousel Carousel Previous Carousel Next What is Scribd. What impact did the Voting Rights
Act of 1965 have. It also made any form of racial discrimination punishable by law. People needed
political power and rights to the people to vote irrespective of their race. Contact us if you would like
to be placed on a want list or to be notified if a similar item is available. Before the Civil Rights act
of 1 964 and the Voting Rights Act f 1965, much of the Civil Rights Movement focused on
achieving desegregation and equality. Section 2, which closely followed the language of the 15th
amendment, applied a nationwide prohibition of the denial or abridgment of the right to vote on
account of race or color. Includes a significance wrap-up question in which students utilize all of the
information to explain the significance of the legislation. On what grounds is the Voting Rights Act
being challenged. Political power rests with the people by virtue of participating in the electoral
process and exercising their democratic rights. In 1965, 250,000 new African American voters were
registered. In 1954, King became In December 1965 King was chosen by NAACP to spearhead the
Montgomery Bus Boycott. The VRA of 1965 was guaranteed under the 14th and 15th Amendments
to the Constitution. The first witness was the U.S. Attorney General, Nicholas deB. Katzenbach.
During his testimony, he submitted to the committee several tables of statistics related to voting.
However, the country has experienced and still experiences numerous challenges in implementing
equality laws. Hearings on H.R. 6400 and other proposals to enforce the 15th Amendment to the
Constitution of the United States, April 6, 1965. 89th Congress. Washington: Government Printing
Office, 1965. This text is free, available online and used for guidance and inspiration. Upon receipt
of such notification, the Attorney General may forthwith file with the district court an application for
an order providing for the marking, casting, and counting of the ballots of such persons and requiring
the inclusion of their votes in the total vote before the results of such election shall be deemed final
and any force or effect given thereto. It states that the citizen’s right to vote shall not be taken away
because of race. After the small groups share, the students will have been exposed to a number of
points of view, just as the congressional committee was. The remedy provided in this subsection shall
not preclude any remedy available under State or Federal law. Periodical content may be reproduced
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