Question 1:

Which of the following is not a physical change?

(a) Boiling of water to give water vapour
(b) Melting of ice to give water
(c) Dissolution of salt in water
(d) Combustion of Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG)

Answer:

Boiling of water to give water vapour, melting of ice to give water and dissolution
of salt in water are all examples of physical change, as in any of the three processes
there is only change in state and the chemical composition of the compound is not
changing. Whereas when liquified petroleum gas is burnt in air, it is actually
undergoing a chemical reaction with oxygen gas present in the air and as a result of
which two new products water and carbon dioxide are formed. Therefore, option D
is an example of chemical change.

​Hence, the correct answer is option D.

Page No 1:

Question 2:

The following reaction is an example of a 4NH3(g) + 5O2(g) → 4NO(g) + 6H2O(g)

(i) displacement reaction
(ii) combination reaction
(iii) redox reaction
(iv) neutralisation reaction
(a) (i) and (iv)
(b) (ii) and (iii)
(c) (i) and (iii)
(d) (iii) and (iv)

Answer:

In the following reaction, 4NH3(g) + 5O2(g) → 4NO(g) + 6H2O(g)

Hydrogen is getting displaced from NH3 by O2 to form NO hence, this is an
example of a displacement reaction. At the same time, the addition of oxygen to a
compound is called oxidation So, NH3 is getting oxidised to NO. Addition of
hydrogen to a compound is called reduction so, O2 is reduced to H2O. Since both,
the process of oxidation and reduction are happening at the same time this reaction
is also an example of a redox reaction.
​
Hence, the correct answer is option C.
Page No 1:

Question 3:

Which of the following statements about the given reaction are correct?
3Fe(s) + 4H2O(g) → Fe3O4(s) + 4H2(g)
(i) Iron metal is getting oxidised
(ii) Water is getting reduced
(iii) Water is acting as reducing agent
(iv) Water is acting as oxidising agent
(a) (i), (ii) and (iii)
(b) (iii) and (iv)
(c) (i), (ii) and (iv)
(d) (ii) and (iv)

Answer:

In the following reaction, 3Fe(s) + 4H2O(g) → Fe3O4(s) + 4H2(g)

As the addition of oxygen is called oxidation and removal of oxygen is known as
reduction so, Fe is getting oxidised to Fe3O4 , at the same time H2O is getting
reduced to H2.
In a redox reaction, the reactant causing the oxidation of other reactant is called as
an oxidising agent since H2O is causing the oxidation of Fe, therefore H2O is the
oxidising agent.

Hence, the correct answer is option C.

Page No 1:

Question 4:

Which of the following are exothermic processes?

(i) Reaction of water with quick lime
(ii) Dilution of an acid
(iii) Evaporation of water
(iv) Sublimation of camphor (crystals)
(a) (i) and (ii)
(b) (ii) and (iii)
(c) (i) and (iv)
(d) (iii) and (iv)

Answer:

When water is added to quick lime, they react vigorously to form lime water and
an excess amount of heat is lost to the surrounding. In the same way reaction of an
acid with water is also an example of a highly exothermic reaction. Whereas
evaporation of water and sublimation of camphor both these process requires heat
for them to proceed in the forward direction and hence are examples of
endothermic reactions.

Hence, the correct answer is option A.

Page No 2:

Question 5:

Three beakers labelled as A, B and C each containing 25 mL of water were taken.

A small amount of NaOH, anhydrous CuSO4 and NaCl were added to the beakers
A, B and C respectively. It was observed that there was an increase in the
temperature of the solutions contained in beakers A and B, whereas in case of
beaker C, the temperature of the solution falls. Which one of the following
statement(s) is(are) correct?
(i) In beakers A and B, exothermic process has occurred.
(ii) In beakers A and B, endothermic process has occurred.
(iii) In beaker C exothermic process has occurred.
(iv) In beaker C endothermic process has occurred.
(a) (i) only
(b) (ii) only
(c) (i) and (iv)
(d) (ii) and (iii)

Answer:

Dissolution of NaOH and CuSO4 in water are examples of the exothermic process
in which the temperature of the solution increases. Whereas, dissolution of NaCl in
water is an example endothermic process in which the temperature of the solution
decreases.
​
Hence, the correct answer is option C.

Page No 2:

Question 6:

A dilute ferrous sulphate solution was gradually added to the beaker containing
acidified permanganate solution. The light purple colour of the solution fades and
finally disappears. Which of the following is the correct explanation for the
observation?
(a) KMnO4 is an oxidising agent, it oxidises FeSO4
(b) FeSO4 acts as an oxidising agent and oxidises KMnO4
(c) The colour disappears due to dilution; no reaction is involved
(d) KMnO4 is an unstable compound and decomposes in presence of FeSO4 to a
colourless compound.

Answer:

When a dilute ferrous sulphate solution was gradually added to the beaker
containing acidified permanganate solution, acidified permanganate gets reduced
to MnSO4 and ferrous sulphate gets oxidised to Fe2(SO4)3 due to which the light
purple colour of the solution fades and finally disappears.
​
Hence, the correct answer is option A.

Page No 2:

Question 7:

Which among the following is(are) double displacement reaction(s)?

(i) Pb + CuCl2 → PbCl2 + Cu
(ii) Na2SO4 + BaCl2 → BaSO4 + 2NaCl
(iii) C + O2 → CO2
(iv) CH4 + 2O2 → CO2 + 2H2O
(a) (i) and (iv)
(b) (ii) only
(c) (i) and (ii)
(d) (iii) and (iv)

Answer:

Double displacement reaction is a type of chemical reaction in which two

compounds react by an exchange of ions to form two new compounds. Out of all
the given options, only in option (ii), there is a mutual exchange of ions.

Hence, the correct answer is option B.

Page No 2:

Question 8:

Which among the following statement(s) is(are) true? Exposure of silver chloride
to sunlight for a long duration turns grey due to
(i) the formation of silver by decomposition of silver chloride
(ii) sublimation of silver chloride
(iii) decomposition of chlorine gas from silver chloride
(iv) oxidation of silver chloride
(a) (i) only
(b) (i) and (iii)
(c) (ii) and (iii)
(d) (iv) only

Answer:

Silver chloride on exposure to sunlight for long-duration undergo photochemical

decomposition reaction to form silver metal and chlorine gas is evolved. The silver
metal that is formed in the reaction is grey in colour.
2AgCl(s) →2Ag(s) + Cl2(�)

Hence, the correct answer is option A.

Page No 3:

Question 9:

Solid calcium oxide reacts vigorously with water to form calcium hydroxide
accompanied by liberation of heat. This process is called slaking of lime. Calcium
hydroxide dissolves in water to form its solution called lime water. Which among
the following is (are) true about slaking of lime and the solution formed?
(i) It is an endothermic reaction
(ii) It is an exothermic reaction
(iii) The pH of the resulting solution will be more than seven
(iv) The pH of the resulting solution will be less than seven
(a) (i) and (ii)
(b) (ii) and (iii)
(c) (i) and (iv)
(d) (iii) and (iv)

Answer:

When in any chemical reaction heat is liberated from the system to the
surrounding, the type of reaction is called an exothermic reaction. And as calcium
hydroxide is a strong base so, the pH of the resulting solution would certainly be
greater than 7.

Hence, the correct answer is option B.

Page No 3:
Question 10:

Barium chloride on reacting with ammonium sulphate forms barium sulphate and
ammonium chloride. Which of the following correctly represents the type of the
reaction involved?
(i) Displacement reaction
(ii) Precipitation reaction
(iii) Combination reaction
(iv) Double displacement reaction
(a) (i) only
(b) (ii) only
(c) (iv) only
(d) (ii) and (iv)

Answer:

In the following chemical

reaction, (NH4)2SO4(��)+ BaCl2(��) → BaSO4(�) + 2NH4Cl(��) a solid
insoluble precipitate is formed in the product side. At the same time, there is a
mutual exchange of ions is also occurs in the rection so, it is also a double
displacement reaction.

Hence, the correct answer is option D.

Page No 3:

Question 11:

Electrolysis of water is a decomposition reaction. The mole ratio of hydrogen and

oxygen gases liberated during electrolysis of water is
(a) 1:1
(b) 2:1
(c) 4:1
(d) 1:2

Answer:

The decomposition of water occurs with the application of electricity in the process
of electrolysis to form hydrogen and oxygen gases in the ratio 2 : 1 by volume.
2H2O(l) →2H2(g) + O2(g)

Hence, the correct answer is option B.

Page No 3:

Question 12:
Which of the following is(are) an endothermic process(es)?
(i) Dilution of sulphuric acid
(ii) Sublimation of dry ice
(iii) Condensation of water vapours
(iv) Evaporation of water
(a) (i) and (iii)
(b) (ii) only
(c) (iii) only
(d) (ii) and (iv)

Answer:

The endothermic process is any process in which energy in the form of heat is
absorbed by the system from the surrounding for the chemical reaction to move in
the forward direction.
Out of the given options, sublimation of dry ice and evaporation of water into
vapour both require some minimum amount of energy to be absorbed from the
surrounding for the process to occur.

Hence, the correct answer is option D.

Page No 3:

Question 13:

In the double displacement reaction between aqueous potassium iodide and

aqueous lead nitrate, a yellow precipitate of lead iodide is formed. While
performing the activity if lead nitrate is not available, which of the following can
be used in place of lead nitrate?
(a) Lead sulphate (insoluble)
(b) Lead acetate
(c) Ammonium nitrate
(d) Potassium sulphate

Answer:

Lead sulphate is insoluble so, it will not form an aqueous solution. Lead acetate
which contains Pb2+ ion can be taken for the reaction in the unavailability
of aqueous lead nitrate and will be getting the same yellow precipitate of lead
iodide. The reaction that follows with lead acetate would be:
2KI(aq) + (CH3COO)2Pb(aq) → 2CH3COOK(aq) + Pb(I)2(s)

Hence, the correct answer is option B.

Page No 4:

Question 14:

Which of the following gases can be used for storage of fresh sample of an oil for a
long time?
(a) Carbon dioxide or oxygen
(b) Nitrogen or oxygen
(c) Carbon dioxide or helium
(d) Helium or nitrogen

Answer:

A fresh sample of oil is stored in an airtight container or is usually flushed with a

non-reactive stable gas to prevent the process fo rancidity. Out of all the given
options, only option D contains helium and nitrogen both of which are stable and
non-reactive under standard conditions.

Hence, the correct answer is option D.

Page No 4:

Question 15:

The following reaction is used for the preparation of oxygen gas in the laboratory

2KClO3 s→CatalystHeat2KCl s + 3O2 g

Which of the following statement(s) is(are) correct about the reaction?

(a) It is a decomposition reaction and endothermic in nature
(b) It is a combination reaction
(c) It is a decomposition reaction and accompanied by release of heat
(d) It is a photochemical decomposition reaction and exothermic in nature

Answer:

According to the representation of the chemical equation of the reaction, Heat is

written above the arrow which means that heat is supplied to the reaction for it to
proceed in the forward direction so, it is an endothermic process. At the same time
since a single compound is broken into two products, this reaction could be
categorised as a decomposition reaction.
Hence, the correct answer is option A.

Page No 4:

Question 16:

Which one of the following processes involve chemical reactions?

(a) Storing of oxygen gas under pressure in a gas cylinder
(b) Liquefaction of air
(c) Keeping petrol in a china dish in the open
(d) Heating copper wire in presence of air at high temperature

Answer:

Out of all the given options, A, B and C represent physical change as all the three
processes involve a change in the physical state so, no chemical reaction is
involved. In option D, when a copper wire is heated to high temperature in the
presence of air, it reacts with the oxygen gas present in the air to form copper oxide
which involves a chemical reaction.
2Cu + O2 → 2CuO

Hence, the correct answer is option D.

Page No 4:

Question 17:

In which of the following chemical equations, the abbreviations represent the

correct states of the reactants and products involved at reaction temperature?
(a) 2H2(l) + O2(l) → 2H2O(g)
(b) 2H2(g) + O2(l) → 2H2O(l)
(c) 2H2(g) + O2(g) → 2H2O(l)
(d) 2H2(g) + O2(g) → 2H2O(g)

Answer:

Combustion of hydrogen in atmospheric air is an exothermic process resulting in

the production of water in the form of vapour and energy being released into the
surrounding.

Hence, the correct answer is option D.

Page No 4:
Question 18:

Which of the following are combination reactions?

(i) 2KClO3 →Heat 2KCl+3O2
(ii) MgO + H2O → Mg(OH)2
(iii) 4Al + 3O2 → 2Al2 O3
(iv) Zn + FeSO4 → ZnSO4 + Fe
(a) (i) and (iii)
(b) (iii) and (iv)
(c) (ii) and (iv)
(d) (ii) and (iii)

Answer:

Combination reaction is a chemical reaction in which two or more substances combine to

form a single substance under suitable conditions. Out of the given options only options ii
and iii represents a chemical combination reaction.

Hence, the correct answer is option D.

Page No 5:

Question 19:

Write the balanced chemical equations for the following reactions and identify the
type of reaction in each case.
(a) Nitrogen gas is treated with hydrogen gas in the presence of a catalyst at 773K
to form ammonia gas.
(b) Sodium hydroxide solution is treated with acetic acid to form sodium acetate
and water.
(c) Ethanol is warmed with ethanoic acid to form ethyl acetate in the presence of
concentrated H2SO4 .
(d) Ethene is burnt in the presence of oxygen to form carbon dioxide, water and
releases heat and light.

Answer:

a N2g + 3H2g →Fe773 K 2NH3gCombination reactionb NaOHaq + CH3COOHaq

→ CH3COONaaq + H2OlDouble displacement reaction or neutralization reaction
c C2H5OHaq + CH3COOHaq →conc. H2SO4 CH3COOC2H5aq + H2OlEsterific
ation reaction or double displacement reactiond C2H4g + 3O2g→ 2CO2g+ 2H2Og
+ Heat + LightRedox reaction or combustion reaction
Page No 5:

Question 20:

Write the balanced chemical equations for the following reactions and identify the
type of reaction in each case.
(a) Thermit reaction, iron (III) oxide reacts with aluminium and gives molten iron
and aluminium oxide.
(b) Magnesium ribbon is burnt in an atmosphere of nitrogen gas to form solid
magnesium nitride.
(c) Chlorine gas is passed in an aqueous potassium iodide solution to form
potassium chloride solution and solid iodine.
(d) Ethanol is burnt in air to form carbon dioxide, water and releases heat.

Answer:

(a) Fe2O3(s)+ 2Al(s) → Al2O3(s) + 2Fe(l) + HeatDisplacement reaction or redox r

eaction(b) 3Mg(s)+ N2(g) → Mg3N2(s)Combination reaction(c) Cl2(g) + 2KI(aq)
→ 2KCl(aq) + I2(s)Displacement reaction(d) C2H5OH(aq) + 3O2(g) → 2CO2(g)
+ 3H2O(g) + HeatRedox reaction or combustion reaction

Page No 5:

Question 21:

Complete the missing components/variables given as x and y in the following

reactions
(a) Pb(NO3)2 (aq) + 2KI(aq) → PbI2 (x) + 2KNO3(y)
(b) Cu(s) + 2Ag NO3(aq) → Cu(NO3)2(aq) + x(s)
(c) Zn(s) + H2SO4(aq) → ZnSO4(x) + H2(y)
(d) CaCO3s →�CaOs+CO2g

Answer:

(a) Pb(NO3)2 (aq) + 2KI (aq) → PbI2 (s) + 2KNO3 (aq)

(b) Cu (s) + 2AgNO3 (aq) → Cu(NO3)2(aq) + 2Ag (s)
(c) Zn (s) + H2SO4 (aq) → ZnSO4 (aq) + H2 (g)
(d) CaCO3s →heatCaOs+CO2g

Page No 5:

Question 22:

Which among the following changes are exothermic or endothermic in nature?

(a) Decomposition of ferrous sulphate
(b) Dilution of sulphuric acid
(c) Dissolution of sodium hydroxide in water
(d) Dissolution of ammonium chloride in water

Answer:

(a) Endothermic reaction

(b) Exothermic reaction
(c) Exothermic reaction
(d) Endothermic reaction

Page No 5:

Question 23:

Identify the reducing agent in the following reactions

(a) 4NH3 + 5O2 → 4NO + 6H2O
(b) H2O + F2 → HF + HOF
(c) Fe2O3 + 3CO → 2Fe + 3CO2
(d) 2H2 + O2 → 2H2O

Answer:

(a) NH3 is causing the reduction of O2 to H2O so, ammonia is the reducing agent.
(b) H2O is causing the reduction of F2 to HF so, water is the reducing agent.
(c) CO is causing the reduction of Fe2O3 to Fe so, carbon monoxide is the reducing
agent.
(d) H2 is causing the reduction of O2 to H2O so, hydrogen is the reducing agent.

Page No 6:

Question 24:

Identify the oxidising agent (oxidant) in the following reactions

(a) Pb3O4 + 8HCl → 3PbCl2 + Cl2 + 4H2O
(b) 2Mg + O2 → 2MgO
(c) CuSO4 + Zn → Cu + ZnSO4
(d) V2O5 + 5Ca → 2V + 5CaO
(e) 3Fe + 4H2O → Fe3O4 + 4H2
(f) CuO + H2 → Cu + H2O

Answer:
(a) Pb3O4 is the oxidising agent.
(b) O2 is the oxidising agent.
(c) CuSO4 is the oxidising agent.
(d) V2O5 is the oxidising agent.
(e) H2O is the oxidising agent.
(f) CuO is the oxidising agent.

Page No 6:

Question 25:

Write the balanced chemical equations for the following reactions

a. Sodium carbonate on reaction with hydrochloric acid in equal molar

concentrations gives sodium chloride and sodium hydrogencarbonate.
b. Sodium hydrogencarbonate on reaction with hydrochloric acid gives sodium
chloride, water and liberates carbon dioxide.
c. Copper sulphate on treatment with potassium iodide precipitates cuprous
iodide (Cu2 I2), liberates iodine gas and also forms potassium sulphate.

Answer:

a. Na2CO3(aq) + HCl(aq) → NaCl(aq) + NaHCO3(aq)b. NaHCO3(aq) + HCl(aq)

→ NaCl(aq) + H2O(l) + CO2(g)c. 2CuSO4(aq) +4KI(aq) → Cu2I2(s) + I2(g) +2K
2SO4(aq)

Page No 6:

Question 26:

A solution of potassium chloride when mixed with silver nitrate solution, an

insoluble white substance is formed. Write the chemical reaction involved and also
mention the type of the chemical reaction?

Answer:

A solution of potassium chloride when mixed with silver nitrate solution, an

insoluble white precipitate of silver chloride and potassium nitrate is formed.
KCl(aq) + AgNO3(aq) → AgCl(s) + KNO3(aq), in this reaction, there is a mutual
exchange of cations or the anions is taking place between the two involved
reactants. So, this reaction is a double displacement reaction.

Page No 6:

Question 27:
Ferrous sulphate decomposes with the evolution of a gas having a characteristic
odour of burning sulphur. Write the chemical reaction involved and identify the
type of reaction.

Answer:

Decomposition of ferrous sulphate at a temperature above 750 °C produces ferric

oxide along with sulphur dioxide and sulphur trioxide gas.
2FeSO4s →Heat above 750 °C Fe2O3s + SO2g + SO3g
In this reaction, ferrous sulphate is decomposing with the application of heat to
give ferric oxide, sulphur dioxide and sulphur trioxide. The burning sulphur odour
is due to the evolution of sulphur dioxide gas. Since a single reactant breaks down
to give simpler products, this is a decomposition reaction.

Page No 6:

Question 28:

Why do fire flies glow at night?

Answer:

Fireflies secrete an enzyme luciferase which reacts with the protein luciferin in
their body in the presence of oxygen gas to form oxyluciferin. Visible light is
emitted due to the oxidation of luciferin. This is called bioluminescence. Due to
this, fireflies glow at night.

Page No 6:

Question 29:

Grapes hanging on the plant do not ferment but after being plucked from the plant
can be fermented. Under what conditions do these grapes ferment? Is it a chemical
or a physical change?

Answer:

Grapes which are still on the plant are a part of the living system that is the plant
and with their defence mechanism completely intact and thus they do not undergo
fermentation. Once the grapes are plucked now the defence mechanism that was
preventing the fermentation process is no more so, in the presence of a
microorganism called yeast fermentation of grapes can be carried out.
In the process of fermentation, sugar is converted to alcohol and carbon dioxide
gas according to the following reaction,
C6H12O6(aq) →Yeast 2C2H5OH(aq) + 2CO2(g), since there is a change in the
chemical composition of sugar present in the grapes to produce alcohol and carbon
dioxide gas so, this is a chemical change.

Page No 6:

Question 30:

Which among the following are physical or chemical changes?

(a) Evaporation of petrol
(b) Burning of Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG)
(c) Heating of an iron rod to red hot.
(d) Curdling of milk
(e) Sublimation of solid ammonium chloride

Answer:

(a) Physical change

(b) Chemical change
(c) Physical change
(d) Chemical change
(e) Physical change

Page No 6:

Question 31:

During the reaction of some metals with dilute hydrochloric acid, following
observations were made.
(a) Silver metal does not show any change
(b) The temperature of the reaction mixture rises when aluminium (Al) is added.
(c) The reaction of sodium metal is found to be highly explosive
(d) Some bubbles of a gas are seen when lead (Pb) is reacted with the acid.
Explain these observations giving suitable reasons.

Answer:

(a) The reactivity of silver is very low as it is placed below hydrogen in reactivity
series so it does not react with dilute hydrochloric acid.
(b) The temperature of the reaction mixture rises when aluminium (Al) is added
because it releases heat, i.e., it is an exothermic reaction.
(c) Sodium is an alkali metal which is one of the most reactive metals and readily
reacts with dilute HCl to form NaCl and hydrogen gas. The evolution of hydrogen
gas cause explosion as it is exothermic reaction.
(d) The reaction of lead metal with dilute HCl forms lead (II) chloride and releases
hydrogen gas in the form of bubbles. Since the reaction is quite slow due to less
reactivity of lead, only some bubbles of H2 are seen to evolve.
Page No 7:

Question 32:

A substance X, which is an oxide of a group 2 element, is used intensively in the

cement industry. This element is present in bones also. On treatment with water it
forms a solution which turns red litmus blue. Identify X and also write the
chemical reactions involved.

Answer:

The substance X is calcium oxide (CaO), also called as quick lime. When calcium
oxide is made to react with water it undergoes a fast spontaneous exothermic
reaction to form calcium hydroxide Ca(OH)2, also called lime water. As calcium
hydroxide is a base so, it turns red litmus blue.

CaO(s) + H2O(l) → Ca(OH)2(aq)

Page No 7:

Question 33:

Write a balanced chemical equation for each of the following reactions and also
classify them.
(a) Lead acetate solution is treated with dilute hydrochloric acid to form lead
chloride and acetic acid solution.
(b) A piece of sodium metal is added to absolute ethanol to form sodium ethoxide
and hydrogen gas.
(c) Iron (III) oxide on heating with carbon monoxide gas reacts to form solid iron
and liberates carbon dioxide gas.
(d) Hydrogen sulphide gas reacts with oxygen gas to form solid sulphur and liquid
water.

Answer:

(a) (CH3COO)2Pb(aq) +2HCl(aq) → PbCl2(s) + 2CH3COOH(aq), double displac

ement reaction.(b) 2Na(s) + 2C2H5OH(l) → 2C2H5O−Na+(l) + H2(g), displacem
ent reaction.(c) Fe2O3(s) + 3CO(g) → 2Fe(s) + 3CO2(g), redox reaction.(d) 2H2S(
g) + O2(g) → 2S(s) + 2H2O(l), redox reaction.

Page No 7:
Question 34:

Why do we store silver chloride in dark coloured bottles?

Answer:

Silver chloride is a photosensitive chemical substance. When silver chloride gets

exposed to light it undergoes a decomposition reaction to form silver metal and
chlorine gas so, to prevent the photolysis of silver chloride it is stored in dark
coloured bottles.

​2AgCl(s) →Sunlight 2Ag(s) + Cl2(g)

Page No 7:

Question 35:

Balance the following chemical equations and identify the type of chemical
reaction.
(a) Mg(s) + Cl2(g) → MgCl2(s)
(b) HgOs →HeatHgl+O2g
(c) Nas+Ss →FuseNa2Ss
(d) TiCl4(l) + Mg(s) → Ti(s) + MgCl2(s)
(e) CaO(s) + SiO2(s) → CaSiO3(s)
(f) H2O2l →U VH2Ol + O2g

Answer:

(a) Mg(s) + Cl2(g) → MgCl2(s), combination reaction

(b) 2HgOs →Heat 2Hgl+O2g, decomposition reaction
(c) 2Nas+Ss →FuseNa2Ss, combination reaction
(d) TiCl4(l) + 2Mg(s) → Ti(s) + 2MgCl2(s), displacement reaction
(e) CaO(s) + SiO2(s) → CaSiO3(s), combination recaion
(f) 2H2O2l →Uv 2H2Ol + O2g, decomposition reaction

Page No 7:

Question 36:

A magnesium ribbon is burnt in oxygen to give a white compound X accompanied

by emission of light. If the burning ribbon is now placed in an atmosphere of
nitrogen, it continues to burn and forms a compound Y.
(a) Write the chemical formulae of X and Y.
(b) Write a balanced chemical equation, when X is dissolved in water.

Answer:
(a) When magnesium ribbon is burnt in oxygen it forms magnesium oxide
according to the following reaction:
2Mg(s) + O2(g) →Heat 2MgO(s), when this burning ribbon is placed in an
atmosphere of nitrogen then it reacts with the nitrogen gas to form magnesium
nitride according to the following reaction:
3Mg(s) + N2(g) →Mg3N2(s). So, X is MgO and Y is Mg3N2.

(b) When magnesium oxide is dissolved in water, it reacts with water to form
magnesium hydroxide.
MgO(s) + H2O(l) → Mg(OH)2(aq)

Page No 7:

Question 37:

Zinc liberates hydrogen gas when reacted with dilute hydrochloric acid, whereas
copper does not. Explain why?

Answer:

Zinc is placed higher than hydrogen in the reactivity series while copper is placed
below hydrogen, that means zinc is more reactive than hydrogen, but copper is less
reactive than hydrogen. So, when zinc is made to react with hydrochloric acid it
replaces hydrogen from HCl by undergoing a displacement reaction which forms
hydrogen gas, but the same reaction does not occur with copper.
2HCl(aq) + Zn(s) → ZnCl2(aq) + H2(g)HCl(aq) + Cu(s) → No reaction

Page No 7:

Question 38:

A silver article generally turns black when kept in the open for a few days. The
article when rubbed with toothpaste again starts shining.
(a) Why do silver articles turn black when kept in the open for a few days? Name
the phenomenon involved.
(b) Name the black substance formed and give its chemical formula.

Answer:

(a) The metal surface of the silver article reacts with atmospheric sulphur
compound, hydrogen sulphide and forms a black layer of sulphide. This
phenomenon is called as corrosion or tarnishing of silver.

(b) The black substance that is formed by the reaction of hydrogen sulphide with
silver is silver sulphide (Ag2S).
2Ag(s) + H2S(g) → Ag2S(s) + H2(g)
Page No 8:

Question 39:

On heating blue coloured powder of copper (II) nitrate in a boiling tube, copper
oxide (black), oxygen gas and a brown gas X is formed
(a) Write a balanced chemical equation of the reaction.
(b) Identify the brown gas X evolved.
(c) Identify the type of reaction.
(d) What could be the pH range of aqueous solution of the gas X?

Answer:

(a) 2Cu(NO3)2(s) →∆ 2CuO(s) + O2(g) + 4NO2(g)

​(b) The brown gas X that is evolved in the above reaction is nitrogen dioxide
(NO2).
(c) In this reaction, copper (II) nitrate breaks down into more than one products on
the application of heat. Therefore, it is undergoing a thermal decomposition
reaction.
(d) When NO2 gas is dissolved in water, it tends to produce acidic solution because
it is an oxide of non-metal. Thus, the pH of the solution would be less than 7.

Page No 8:

Question 40:

Give the characteristic tests for the following gases

(a) CO2
(b) SO2
(c) O2
(d) H2

Answer:

(a) When carbon dioxide gas is passed through an aqueous solution of calcium
hydroxide, it reacts to form an insoluble white chemical compound of calcium
carbonate and the solution turns milky white. This phenomenon is also known as
turning lime water milky and is the identification test for carbon dioxide gas.
CO2(g) + Ca(OH)2(aq) → CaCO3(s) + H2O(l)

(b) When an acidified potassium dichromate solution, which is orange in colour

due to the presence of Cr2O72- ion is added to sulphur dioxide gas, it reduces the
potassium dichromate solution to chromium (III) sulphate which is green in colour.
Thus, the orange colour of the solution changes to green and this reaction acts as
identification test for sulphur dioxide gas.
K2Cr2O7 + H2SO4 + 3SO2 → K2SO4 + Cr2SO43 + H2O

(c) Oxygen gas is a supporter of combustion so, if glowing splinter is inserted into
a conical flask containing oxygen gas then the splinter reignites. This simple test
acts very effectively as an identification test for oxygen gas.
C(s) + O2(g) → CO2(g) + heat + light, here C represent wooden glowing splinter.

(d) Hydrogen gas has the highest calorific values of all the combustible gases and
even a very small quantity of hydrogen gas is capable of producing an explosive
combustion reaction. When hydrogen gas is burnt in an atmosphere of oxygen, it
always burns with a pop sound. This combustion reaction acts as an identification
test for hydrogen gas.
O2(g) + 2H2(g) → 2H2O(g)

Page No 8:

Question 41:

What happens when a piece of

(a) zinc metal is added to copper sulphate solution?
(b) aluminium metal is added to dilute hydrochloric acid?
(c) silver metal is added to copper sulphate solution?

Also, write the balanced chemical equation if the reaction occurs

Answer:

(a) When zinc metal is added to copper (II) sulphate solution, zinc being more
reactive than copper will replace copper from its salt to form zinc (II) sulphate and
the colour of the solution changes from blue to colourless and the brown colour
copper metal gets deposited at the bottom.
CuSO4(aq) + Zn(s) → ZnSO4(aq) + Cu(s)

(b) Aluminium metal being a highly reactive metal is capable of displacing

hydrogen from its compound to form aluminium chloride salt with the evolution of
hydrogen gas.
2Al(s) + 6HCl(aq) → 2AlCl3(aq) + 3H2(g)

(c) Silver metal is a less reactive metal when compared with copper, thus when
silver is added to copper sulphate solution no reaction would occur.
CuSO4(aq) + Ag(s) →No reaction
Page No 8:

Question 42:

What happens when zinc granules are treated with dilute solution of H2SO4, HCl,
HNO3, NaCl and NaOH, also write the chemical equations if reaction occurs.

Answer:

Zinc reacts with dilute sulphuric acid to form zinc sulphate and hydrogen gas.
Zn(s) + H2SO4(aq) → ZnSO4(aq) + H2(g)

Zinc reacts with dilute hydrochloric acid to form zinc chloride and hydrogen gas.
Zn(s) + 2HCl → ZnCl2(aq) + H2(g)

Zinc reacts with dilute nitric acid to form zinc nitrate and water because nitric acid
is an oxidising agent and it oxidises H2 gas evolved to H2O. Also, nitric acid itself
gets reduced to N2O gas.
4Zn(s) + 10HNO3(aq) →4Zn(NO3)2(aq) + 5H2O(l) + N2Og

Zinc does not react with sodium chloride salt solution.

Zinc reacts with sodium hydroxide solution to form sodium zincate and hydrogen
gas.
Zn(s) + 2NaOH(aq) → Na2ZnO2(aq) + H2(g)

Page No 8:

Question 43:

On adding a drop of barium chloride solution to an aqueous solution of sodium

sulphite, white precipitate is obtained.
(a) Write a balanced chemical equation of the reaction involved
(b) What other name can be given to this precipitation reaction?
(c) On adding dilute hydrochloric acid to the reaction mixture, white precipitate
disappears. Why?

Answer:

(a) BaCl2(aq) + Na2SO3(aq) → BaSO3(s) + 2NaCl(aq)

(b) This precipitation reaction could also be named as a double displacement
reaction.
(c) On adding dilute hydrochloric acid to the mixture makes barium sulphite to
react and form barium chloride which is soluble in water and thus the white
precipitate disappears.
BaSO3(s) + 2HCl(aq) → BaCl2(aq) + H2O(l) + SO2(g)
Page No 8:

Question 44:

You are provided with two containers made up of copper and aluminium. You are
also provided with solutions of dilute HCl, dilute HNO3, ZnCl2 and H2O. In which
of the above containers these solutions can be kept?

Answer:

The reactions of the given compounds with the copper container are as follows:

Dilute HCl: Copper exhibits no reaction with HCl. Thus, it can be stored in a
copper container.

Dilute HNO3: With dilute nitric acid, copper metal forms copper nitrate with nitric
oxide and water. Thus, dilute nitric acid cannot be stored in a copper container.
3Cu(s) + 8HNO3(aq) → 3Cu(NO3)2(aq) + 2NO(g) + 4H2O(l)

ZnCl2: Since Cu metal is less reactive than Zn, it cannot displace Zn from its
compounds and there will be no reaction. Hence zinc chloride solution can be
stored in a copper container.

H2O: There is no reaction between water and copper metal at room temperature.
Thus, water can be stored in a copper container.

The reactions of the given compounds with aluminium container are as follows:

Dilute HCl: Aluminium reacts with dilute HCI and form aluminium chloride with
hydrogen gas. Thus, it cannot be stored in an aluminium container.
2Al(s) + 6HCl(aq) → 2AlCl3(aq) + 3H2(g)

Dilute HNO3: Nitric acid is an oxidizing agent and in the presence of it, aluminium
metal forms a protective layer of aluminium oxide. Thus, it will not react further.
Hence, dilute nitric acid can be stored in an aluminium container.

ZnCl2: Aluminium being more reactive than zinc can displace zinc ion from the
solution and forms aluminium chloride with zinc metal.
2Al(s) + 3ZnCl2(aq) → 2AlCl3(aq) + 3Zn(s)

H2O: At room temperature, there will be no reaction between aluminium metal and
water. Thus, it can be stored in an aluminium container.