Chemical Reactions and Equations

Class 10 Important Questions with

Answers Science Chapter 1
July 5, 2022 by Bhagya

We have given these Important Questions for Class 10 Science Chapter 1 Chemical

Reactions and Equations to solve different types of questions in the exam. Previous
Year Questions & Important Questions of Chemical Reactions and Equations Class 10
Science Chapter 1 will help the students to score good marks in the board examination.

Important Questions of Chemical Reactions

and Equations Class 10 Science Chapter 1
Question 1.
Identify ‘x’, ‘y’ and ‘z’ in the following reaction :

(a) x = gas; y = reaction condition; z = gas

(b) x = solid; y = liquid; z = gas
(c) x = number of moles of KClO3; y = reaction condition; z = number of molecules of
oxygen
(d) x = physical state of KClO3 and KCl;
y = reaction condition, z = physical state of O2. (2020)
Answer:

Question 2.
Assertion (A) : Following is a balanced chemical equation for the action of steam on iron
: 3Fe + 4H2O → Fe3O4 + 4H2
Reason (R): The law of conservation of mass holds good for a chemical equation.
(a) Both (A) and (R) are true and reason (R) is the correct explanation of the assertion
(A)
(b) Both (A) and (R) are true, but reason (R) is not the correct explanation of the
assertion (A).
(c) (A) is true, but (R) is false.
(d) (A) is false, but (R) is true. (2020)
Answer:
A balanced chemical equation must obey the law of conservation of mass.
Question 3.
(a) State the law that is followed by balancing a chemical equation.
(b) Balance the following chemical equation: Na + H 3O → NaOH + H2 (Board Term I,
2013)
Answer:
(a) Law of conservation of mass is followed for balancing a chemical equation which
states that mass can neither be created nor destroyed in a chemical reaction. That is,
the total mass of the elements present in the products of a chemical reaction has to be
equal to the total mass of the elements present in the reactants in a balanced equation.

(b) 2Na(s) + 2H2O(l) → 2NaOH(aq) + H2(g)

Question 4.
Explain the significance of photosynthesis.
Write the balanced chemical equation involved in the process. (Board Term I, 2017)
Answer:
Photosynthesis means synthesis with the help of light. It is the process that gives life to
all living beings.
Photosynthesis is a process by which plants utilize carbon dioxide and water in the
presence of sunlight to produce glucose and oxygen.

Question 5.
Write balanced chemical equations for the following chemical reactions:
(a) Hydrogen + Chlorine → Hydrogen chloride
(b) Lead + Copper chloride → Lead chloride + Copper
(c) Zinc oxide + Carbon → Zinc + Carbon monoxide (Board Term I, 2014)
Answer:
(a) H2(g) + Cl2(g) → 2HCl(g)
(b) Pb(s) + CuCl2(aq) → PbCl2(aq)+ Cu(s)
(c) ZnO(s) + C(s) → Zn(s) + CO(g)

Question 6.
Calcium oxide reacts vigorously with water to produce slaked lime.
CaO(s) + H2O(l) → Ca(OH)2(aq)
This reaction can be classified as
(A) Combination reaction
(B) Exothermic reaction
(C) Endothermic reaction
(D) Oxidation reaction
Which of the following is a correct option? (2020)
(a) (A) and (C)
(b) (C) and (D)
(c) (A), (C) and (D)
(d) (A) and (B)
Answer:
(d) The reaction between CaO and H2O to form Ca(OH)2 is an exothermic combination
reaction.

Question 7.
When hydrogen sulphide gas is passed through a blue solution of copper sulphate, a
black precipitate of copper sulphide is obtained and the sulphuric acid so formed
remains in the solution. The reaction is an example of a (2020)
(a) combination reaction
(b) displacement reaction
(c) decomposition reaction
(d) double displacement reaction.
Answer:
(d) CuSO4 + H2S → CuS + H2SO4
It is a double displacement reaction as in this reaction CuSO 4 and H2S reacting by
exchange of Cu2+ and H+ ions to from two new compounds i.e., CuS and H 2SO4.

Question 8.
In a double displacement reaction such as the reaction between sodium sulphate
solution and barium chloride solution :
(A) exchange of atoms takes place
(B) exchange of ions takes place
(C) a precipitate is produced
(D) an insoluble salt is produced
The correct option is (2020)
(a) (B) and (D)
(b) (A) and (C)
(c) only (B)
(d) (B), (C) and (D)
Answer:
(d) In this reaction exchange of Na+ and Ba2+ ions takes place forming BaSO4 which is a
white precipitate i.e., an insoluble salt.
Na2SO4 + BaCl2 → BaSO4 ↓+ 2NaCl

Question 9.
In which of the following, the identity of initial substance remains unchanged? (2020)
(a) Curdling of milk
(b) Formation of crystals by process of crystallisation
(c) Fermentation of grapes
(d) Digestion of food
Answer:
(b): Formation of crystals is a physical change rest others are chemical change.
Question 10.
Study the following equation of a chemical reaction: (Board Term 1, 2015)
H2 + Cl2 → 2HCl
(i) Identify the type of reaction.
(ii) Write a balanced chemical equation of another example of this type of reaction.
Answer:
(i) Combination reaction.
(ii) Another example of combination reaction is

Question 11.
State the type of chemical reactions, represented by the following equations : (Board
Term I, 2014)
(a) A + BC → AC + B
(b) A + B → C
(c) PQ + RS → PS + RQ
(d) A2O3 + 2B → B2O3 + 2A
Answer:
(a) Displacement reaction.
(b) Combination reaction.
(c) Double displacement reaction.
(d) Displacement reaction or redox reaction.

Question 12.
1 g of copper powder was taken in a China dish and heated. What change takes place
on heating? When hydrogen gas is passed over this heated substance, a visible change
is seen in it. Give the chemical equations of reactions, the name and the colour of the
products formed in each case. (2020)
Answer:
When copper powder is heated in a China dish, the reddish brown surface of copper
powder becomes coated with a black substance which is copper oxide.

When hydrogen gas is passed over CuO, the black coating on the surface turned
reddish brown due to the formation of Cu.

Question 13.
A compound ‘A’ is used in the manufacture of cement. When dissolved in water, it
evolves a large amount of heat and forms compound ‘B’.
(i) Identify A and B.
(ii) Write chemical equation for the reaction of A with water.
(iii) List two types of reaction in which this reaction may be classified. (2020)
Answer:
(i) A is calcium oxide, CaO which is used in the manufacturing of cement.
B is calcium hydroxide Ca(OH)3.

(iii) The given reaction is a combination reaction.

Example : NH3(g)(g) + HCl(g) → NH4Cl(s)
2NO(g) + 02(g) → 2NO2(g)

Question 14.
Mention with reason the colour changes observe when:
(i) silver chloride is exposed to sunlight.
(ii) copper powder is strongly heated in the presence of oxygen.
(iii) a piece of zinc is dropped in copper sulphate solution. (2020)
Answer:
(i) When white silver chloride is left exposed to sunlight, its colour changes to grey as it
decomposes to silver in the presence of sunlight.

This type of reaction is called photodecomposition reaction.

(ii) When copper powder is strongly heated in presence of oxygen, the reddish brown
surface of copper powder becomes coated with a black substance which is copper
oxide.

(iii) When a piece of zinc is dropped in copper sulphate solution, then the blue colour of
copper sulphate fades gradually due to the formation of colourless zinc sulphate
solution and reddish brown copper metal gets deposited on zinc piece.

Question 15.
Lead nitrate solution is added to a test tube containing potassium iodide solution.
(a) Write the name and colour of the compound precipitated.
(b) Write the balanced chemical equation for the reaction involved.
(c) Name the type of this reaction justifying your answer. (2020)
Answer:
(a) When lead nitrate is added to potassium iodide then yellow precipitate of lead iodide
is formed along with potassium nitrate.
(b) Balanced chemical reaction is as follows :

(c) This type of reaction is called precipitation reaction in which one of the products
formed is an insoluble substance or this is also called double displacement reaction.

Question 16.
2 g of silver chloride is taken in a China dish and the China dish is placed in sunlight for
sometime. What will be your observation in this case? Write the chemical reaction
involved in the form of a balanced chemical equation. Identify the type of chemical
reaction. (Delhi 2019)
Answer:
Refer to answer 14(i).

Question 17.
Identify the type of reactions taking place in each of the following cases and write the
balanced chemical equation for the reactions.
(a) Zinc reacts with silver nitrate to produce zinc nitrate and silver.
(b) Potassium iodide reacts with lead nitrate to produce potassium nitrate and lead
iodide. (Delhi 2019)
Answer:
(a) It is a displacement reaction.

(b) Refer to answer 15.

Question 18.
2 g of ferrous sulphate crystals are heated in a dry boiling tube. (Al 2019, Board Term 1,
2017, 2016)
(a) List any two observations.
(b) Name the type of chemical reaction taking place.
(c) Write balanced chemical equation for the reaction and name the products formed.
Answer:
(a) Ferrous sulphate crystals (FeSO4.7H2O) lose water when heated and the colour of
the crystals changes. It then decomposes to ferric oxide (Fe 2O3), sulphur dioxide (SO2)
and sulphur trioxide (SO3) with a smell of burning sulphur.
(b) This is a thermal decomposition reaction.

Question 19.
You might have noted that when copper powder is heated in a China dish, the reddish
brown surface of copper powder becomes coated with a black substance. (AI 2019)
(a) Why has this black substance formed?
(b) What is the black substance?
(c) Write the chemical equation of the reaction that takes place.
(d) How can the black coating on the surface be turned reddish brown?
Answer:
(a) The black substance is formed because copper combines with oxygen.
(b) The black substance is copper oxide (CuO).

(d) The black coating on the surface can be turned reddish brown by passing hydrogen
gas over the hot copper oxide.

Question 20.
Decomposition reactions require energy either in the form of heat or light or electricity
for breaking down the reactants. Write one equation each for decomposition reactions
where energy is supplied in the form of heat, light and electricity. (2018)
Answer:
Decomposition reaction involving absorption of heat:

Decomposition reaction involving absorption of light:

Decomposition reaction involving absorption of electrical energy:

Question 21.
Take 3 g of barium hydroxide in a test tube, now add about 2 g of ammonium chloride
and mix the contents with the help of a glass rod. Now touch the test tube from outside.
(i) What do you feel on touching the test tube?
(ii) State the inference about the type of reaction occurred.
(iii) Write the balanced chemical equation of the reaction involved. (Board Term I, 2017)
Answer:
(i) When barium hydroxide is added into ammonium chloride, the bottom of test tube is
found to be cooler.
(ii) It is an endothermic reaction.
(iii) Ba(OH)2 + 2NH4Cl → BaCl2 + 2NH4OH

Question 22.
(a) A solution of potassium chloride when mixed with silver nitrate solution, an insoluble
white substance is formed. Write the chemical reaction involved and also mention the
type of the chemical reaction.
(b) Ferrous sulphate when heated, decomposes with the evolution of a gas having a
characteristic odour of burning sulphur. Write the chemical reaction involved and identify
the type of reaction. (Board Term I, 2016)
Answer:
(a)

It is a double displacement reaction.

(b) Refer to answer 18(b) and (c).

Question 23.
Name the type of chemical reaction represented by the following equation: (Board Term
I, 2016)
(i) CaO + H2O → Ca(OH)2
(ii) 3BaCl2 + Al2(SO4)3 → 2AlCl3 + 3BaSO4

Answer:
(i) Combination reaction.
(ii) Precipitation reaction or double displacement reaction.
(iii) Thermal decomposition reaction.

Question 24.
What is a reduction reaction?
Identify the substances that are oxidised and the substances that are reduced in the
following reactions. (Board Term I, 2015)
(a) Fe2O3 + 2Al → Al2O3 + 2Fe
(b) 2PbO + C → 2Pb + CO2
Answer:
Those reactions in which addition of hydrogen to a substance or removal of oxygen
from a substance take place are called reduction reactions.

Fe2O3 is getting reduced to Fe and Al is getting oxidised to Al 2O3.

PbO is reduced to Pb and C is oxidised to CO2.

Question 25.
(a) Can a displacement reaction be a redox reaction? Explain with the help of an
example.
(b) Write the type of chemical reaction in the following:
(i) Reaction between an acid and a base
(ii) Rusting of iron. (Board Term I, 2017)
Answer:
(a) Consider the following displacement reaction:
Zn(s)+ CuSO4(aq) → ZnSO4(aq) + Cu(s)
Here, Zn has changed into ZnSO4 (i.e., Zn2+ ions) by loss of electrons. Hence, Zn has
been oxidised. CuSO4 (i.e., Cu2+) has changed into Cu by gain of electrons. Hence,
CuSO4 has been reduced. Thus, the above reaction is a displacement reaction as well
as a redox reaction.

(b) (i) Neutralisation reaction

(ii) Oxidation reaction.

Question 26.
Mention the type of chemical reaction that takes place when: (Board Term I, 2013)
(i) a magnesium ribbon is burnt in air.
(ii) limestone is heated.
(iii) silver bromide is exposed to sunlight.
(iv) electricity is passed through acidified water.
(v) ammonia and hydrogen chloride are mixed with each other.
Write the chemical equation for each reaction.
Answer:

This is a combination reaction.

This is a thermal decomposition reaction.

This is a photo decomposition reaction.

This is electrolytic decomposition reaction.

This is a combination reaction.

Question 27.
What happens when food materials containing fats and oils are left for a long time? List
two observable changes and suggest three ways by which this phenomenon can be
prevented. (2020)
Answer:
Food materials containing fats and oils change their taste and smell due to a process
called rancidity. Rancidity is a process in which air reacts with fats and oils which
changes the smell and taste of food.
Methods of prevention:
Vacuum packing,
refrigeration of food materials,
placing of food materials, away from direct sunlight.

Question 28.
(i) Why is respiration considered as an exothermic reaction?
(ii) Write chemical name and the formula of the brown gas produced during thermal
decomposition of lead nitrate.
(iii) Why do chips manufactures flush bags of chips with gas such as nitrogen? (Board
Term I, 2015)
Answer:
(i) The glucose produced in our body during digestion combines with oxygen in the cells
of our body and provides energy. The special name of this reaction is respiration. Thus
respiration is an exothermic process because energy is produced during this process.
C6H12O6(aq) + 6O2(g) → 6CO2(g) + 6H2O(l) + Energy

Brown gas evolved is nitrogen dioxide (NO2).

(iii) Chips manufacturers usually flush bags of chips with gas such as nitrogen because
atmospheric oxygen can react with chips which may cause change in colour, change in
taste. So to cut the contact between air and the chips, nitrogen gas is used which do
prevent its oxidation.

Short Answer Type Questions[l] [2 Marks] -Year 2015

29.“We need to balance a skeltal chemical equation.” Give reason to justify the
statement.
Answer:
Skeltal chemical equation are unbalanced. We need to balance chemical equation
because of law of conservation of mass. It states that ‘matter can neither be created nor
be destroyed’. Therefore chemical equation must be balanced in each and every
chemical reaction.

CBSE Class 10 Science – More Resources

NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Science NCERT Exemplar Class 10 Science

CBSE Class 10 Previous Year Question Papers  Class 10 Science Important Questions

30. Name the reducing agent in the following reaction:

3MnO2 + 4Al———— > 3Mn + 2Al2O3
State which is more reactive, Mn or A1 and why?
Answer. ‘Al’ is reducing agent.
‘AT is more reactive than Mn v ‘Al’ displaces Mn from its oxide.

Short Answer Type Questions[ll] [3 Marks] -Year 2015

31.A Name the type of chemical reaction represented by the following equation:

Answer.
(i) Combination reaction
(ii) Double displacement reaction (Precipitation reaction)
(iii) Decomposition reaction.

32. Write the chemical equation of the reaction in which the following changes have
taken place with an example of each:
(i) Change in colour
(ii) Change in temperature
(iii) Formation of precipitate
Answer.
(i)Cu (s) + 2AgNO3 (aq)———–> Cu(NO3)2(aq) + 2Ag
The solution will become blue in colour and shiny silver metal will be deposited.
(ii) NaOH + HCl ———–> NaCl +  H2O+ heat
The temperature will increase because heat will be evolved.
(iii) Pb(NO3)2 (aq) + 2KI (aq)———–> Pbl2 (s) + 2KNO3 (aq)
Yellow ppt
Yellow precipitate of Pbl2will be formed.

33.State the type of chemical reactions and chemical equations that take place in the
following:
(i) Magnesium wire is burnt in air.
(ii) Electric current is passed through water.
(iii) Ammonia and hydrogen chloride gases’are mixed.

Answer.

34. 2g of ferrous sulphate crystals are heated in a dry boiling tube.

(i) List any two observations.
(ii) Name the type of chemical reaction taking place.
(iii) ‘Write the chemical equation for the reaction.
Answer.
(i) •Green colour of Fe SO4 disappears and reddish brown solid is formed.
• Smell of burning sulphur.
(ii) Decomposition reaction

Long Answer Type Questions [5 Marks] -Year 2015

35. (a) Define a balanced chemical equation. Why should an equation be balanced?
(b) Write the balanced chemical equation for the following reaction:
(i) Phosphorus burns in presence of chlorine to form phosphorus penta chloride.
(ii) Burning of natural gas.
(iii) The process of respiration.
Answer.
(a) Balanced chemical equation has an equal number of atoms of different elements in
the reactants and products. According to law of conservation of mass, matter can
neither be created nor be destroyed in a chemical reaction.
(b)(i) P4 (s) + 10Cl2 (g) ———> 4PCl5 (S)
(i)CH4 (g) + 2O2 (g) ———> CO2 (g) + 2H2O(l) + heat energy
(iii) C6H12O6 (s) + 6O2 (g) + 6H2O ———> 6CO2 (aq) + 12H2O (l) + energy

36.(a) Explain two ways by which food industries prevent rancidity.

(b) Discuss the importance of decomposition reaction in metal industry with three points.
Answer.
(a) (i) Rancidity can be prevented by adding antioxidants to food containing
fat and oil, e.g. butylated hydroxy anisole is added to butter as antioxidant.
(ii) It can be prevented by packaging fat and oil containing foods in nitrogen gas.
(b) (i) Molten NaCl is electrolytically decomposed to form sodium metal.
(ii) Aluminium metal is obtained by electric decomposition of bauxite ore mixed with
cryolite.
(iii) Carbonate ores are thermally decomposed to give metal oxide which on reduction
give metal.

Short Answer Type Question[I] [2 Marks] -Year 2014

37. What is observed when a solution of potassium iodide solution is added to a solution
of lead nitrate? Name the type of reaction. Write a balanced chemical equation to
represent the above chemical reaction.
Answer.Yellow precipitate of lead iodide is formed. It is precipitation reaction.
Pb( NO3)2 (aq) + 2KI (aq) —-> Pbl2 (s) + 2KNO3 (aq)
It is also called double displacement reaction.

short Answer Type Question[ll] [3 Marks] -Year 2014

38.Write chemical equation reactions taking place when carried out with the help of
(a) Iron reacts with steam
(b) Magnesium reacts with dil HCl
(c) Copper is heated in air.
Answer.

Long Answer Type Question [5 Marks] -Year 2014

39.(a) Write one example for each of decomposion reaction carried out with help of
(i) Electricity (ii) Heat (iii) Light
(b) Which of the following statements is correct and why copper can displace silver from
silver nitrate and silver can displace copper from copper sulphate solution.
Answer.

Short Answer Type Questions[ll] [3 Marks] -Year 2013

40. What is meant by skeltal type chemical equation? What does it represent? Using the
equation for electrolytic decomposition of water, differentiate between a skeltal chemical
equation and a balanced chemical equation.
Answer. The equations in which gaseous are written in atomic form instead of molecular
form and equation is not balanced, are called skeltal type equation. They represent
gaseous elements formed in atomic state and equation is not balanced

Short Answer Type Questions[l] [2 Marks]-Year 2012

41.Identify the type of reaction(s) in the following equations.

(i)CH4 + 2O2 CO2 + 2 H2O
(ii) Pb(NO3)2 + 2KI ——–>Pbl2 + 2KNOs
(iii) CaO +  H2O ——–> Ca(OH)2
(iv) CuSO4 + Zn ——–> ZnSO4 + Cu
Answer.
(i) Combustion reaction and oxidation reaction.
(ii)Double displacement reaction and precipitation reaction.
(iii) Combination reaction.
(iv) Displacement reaction.

42.What is the colour of ferrous sulphate crystals? How does this colour change after
heating?
Answer.The colour of ferrous sulphate is pale green. The colour changes to reddish
brown on heating due to formation of iron (III) oxide.
Give an example each for thermal decomposition and photochemical decomposition
reactions. Write relevant balanced chemical equations also.
Thermal decomposition reaction:

Photochemical decomposition reaction:

43. Why does the colour of copper sulphate solution change when an iron nail is dipped
in it? Write two observations.
Answer. It is because displacement reaction takes place.
Iron displaces copper from copper sulphate solution and forms pale green
coloured solution of FeS04 and reddish brown copper metal gets deposited.
Fe(s) + CuS04(aq) ——–> FeS04(aq) + Cu(s)

44. Translate the following statement into chemical equation and then balance it Barium
chloride reacts with aluminium sulphate to give aluminium chloride and a precipitate of
barium sulphate. State the two types in which this reaction can be classified.
Answer. 3BaCl2(aq) + A12(S04)3(aq) ——–> 3BaS04(s) + 2AlCl3(aq)
It can be classified as double displacement as well as precipitation reaction.

45. Why are decomposition reactions called the opposite of combination reactions?
Write equations for these reactions.
Answer. In decomposition reaction, a compound is broken down into simpler
compounds or elements, e.g.

Combination reaction is a reaction in which two or more elements or compounds

combine to form a new compound, e.g.

Thus, decomposition and combination reactions are opposite to each other.

Short Answer Type Questions[ll] [3 Marks]  -Year 2012

46. What is rancidity? Mention any two ways by which rancidity can be prevented.
Answer. The process in which taste and smell of food gets spoiled is called rancidity. It
happens due to oxidation.
Prevention from rancidity:
(i) Antioxidants are added to fatty acids to prevent oxidation, e.g. chips are packed in
presence of nitrogen gas which prevents spoilage by oxidation.
(ii)Food should be kept in airtight container in refrigerator.
47.Write balanced chemical equation for the reactions that take place during respiration.
Identify the type of combination reaction that takes place during this process and justify
the name. Give one more example of this type of reaction.
Answer. CgH1206 + 6O2 —————> 6CO2 + 6H20 + heat
It is an exothermic combination reaction because heat is evolved.
CH4(g) + 2O2(g) ————–>CO2 (g) + 2H20
Combustion of methane is another example of exothermic combination reaction.

48. What is redox reaction? Identify the substance oxidised and the substance reduced
in the following reactions.
(i)2PbO + C —–> 2Pb + CO2
(ii)MnO2 + 4HCl —–> MnCl2 + 2H20 + Cl2
Answer. Those reactions in which oxidation and reduction takes place simultaneously
are called redox reactions.
(i) PbO is getting reduced and C is getting oxidised.
(ii) MnOs is getting reduced and HCl is getting oxidised.

Very Short Answer Type Questions [1 Mark] -Year 2011

49.State one basic difference between a physical change and a chemical change.
Answer. In physical change, no new substance is formed, whereas in a chemical
change, new substance(s) is/are formed.

50. What is meant by a chemical reaction?

Answer. The reaction representing a chemical change is called a chemical reaction.

35.AgN03(aq) + NaCl(aq)——————– > AgCl(s)4↓ + NaN03(aq)

FeS + H2S04————- > FeS04 + H2S↑
Consider the above mentioned two chemical equations with two different kinds of
arrows (↑and ↓) along with product. What do these two different arrows indicate?
Ans,↑shows the gas is evolved whereas ↓shows insoluble substance (precipitate) is
formed.

51. Hydrogen being a highly inflammable gas and oxygen being a supporter of
combustion, yet water which is a compound made up of hydrogen and oxygen is used
to extinguish fire. Why?
Answer. It is because properties of compound (H 2O) are different from properties of its
constituting elements, i.e. H2and O2.

Short Answer Type Questions[l] [2 Marks] -Year 2011

52.Using a suitable chemical equation, justify that some chemical reactions are
determined by:
(i) change in colour, (ii) change in temperature.
Answer.

53.(a) A solution of substance ‘X’ is used for white washing. What is the substance ‘X’?
State the chemical reaction of ‘X’ with water.
(b) Why does the colour of copper sulphate solution change when an iron nail is dipped
in it?
Answer.
(a) ‘X’ is calcium oxide (CaO).
CaO(s) + H2O(l) —–> Ca(OH)2(aq) + heat
(a) It is because iron displaces copper from CuS0 4 to form FeS04 which is pale green.
Fe(s) + CUS04 (aq)—–> FeS04(aq) + Cu(s)
Blue                       Pale green

54.Write the balanced equation for the. following reaction and identify the type of
reaction in each case.
(i) Potassium bromide + Barium iodide—-> Potassium iodide + Barium bromide.
(ii) Hydrogen(g) + Chlorine(g)—-> Hydrogen chloride(g)
Answer.

55. A zinc plate was put into a solution of copper sulphate kept in a glass container. It
was found that blue colour of the solution gets fader and fader with the passage of time.
After few days, when zinc plate was taken out of the solution, a number of holes were
observed on it.
(i) State the reason for changes observed on the zinc plate.
(ii) Write the chemical equation for the reaction involved.
Answer.
(i) It is because zinc has displaced copper from CuS04. Zinc metal has been used to
form zinc sulphate, therefore, number of holes were observed.

56. A white salt on heating decomposes to give brown fumes and a residue is left
behind.
(i) Name the salt.
(ii) Write the equation for the decom-position reaction.
Answer.
(i) Lead nitrate is white salt.

57. When a solution of potassium iodide is added to a solution of lead nitrate in a test
tube, a reaction takes place.
(a) What type of reaction is this?
(b) Write a balanced chemical equation to represent the above reaction.
Answer.
(a) Double displacement as well as precipitation reaction.

58. Write balanced equations for the following mentioning the type of reaction involved.
(i) Aluminium + Bromine —–> Aluminium bromide
(ii) Calcium carbonate—–> Calcium oxide + Carbon dioxide
(iii) Silver chloride—–>Silver + Chlorine
Answer.

59.(a) Why is respiration considered as an exothermic reaction?

(b) Define the terms oxidation and reduction.
(c) Identify the substance that is oxidised and reduced in the following reaction.

Answer. (a) It is because heat is evolved during respiration.

(b) Oxidation is a process in which O2 is added or H2 is removed or loss of electrons take
place. Reduction is a process in which H2 is added or O2. is removed or gain of electrons
take place.
(c) Zn is getting oxidised, CuO is getting reduced.

60.You might have noted that when copper powder is heated in a china dish, the
surface of copper powder becomes coated with a black colour substance.
(i) How has this black coloured substance formed?
(ii) What is that black substance?
(iii) Write the chemical equation of the reaction that takes place.
Answer.
(i) Copper reacts with oxygen to form copper oxide which is black, i.e. oxidation of
copper takes place.
(ii)Copper oxide

Very Short Answer Type Questions [1 Mark] -Year 2010

61. What happens chemically when quicklime is added to water filled in a bucket?
Answer. Quicklime reacts with water to form slaked lime and produces lot of heat and
hissing sound.

62. On what basis is a chemical equation balanced?

Answer. A chemical reaction is balanced on the basis of law of conservation of mass.

63. What change in colour is observed when white silver chloride is left exposed to
sunlight? State the type of chemical reaction in this change.
Answer. Silver chloride becomes grey. It is a photochemical decomposition reaction.

64. Write a balanced chemical equation for the reaction between sodium chloride
and silver nitrate indicating the physical state of the reactants and the products.
Answer.

Short Answer Type Questions[l] [2 Marks]

65. What happens when an aqueous solution of sodium sulphate reacts with an
aqueous solution of barium chloride? State the physical conditions of reactants in which
the reaction between them will not take place. Write the balanced chemical equation for
the reaction and name the type of reaction.
Answer. White precipitate of barium sulphate is formed.
If both reactants are in solid state, then the reaction will not take place between them.

It is a double displacement as well as a precipitation reaction.

66. What is a redox reaction? When a magnesium ribbon burns in air with a dazzling
flame and forms a white ash, is magnesium oxidised or reduced? Why?
Answer. The reactions in which oxidation (loss of electrons) and reduction (gain of
electrons) take place simultaneously are called redox reactions.
Magnesium is getting oxidised because it is losing electrons to form Mg2+ and oxygen
is gaining electrons to form O2-, therefore it is getting reduced.

67. Write any two observations in an activity which may suggest that a chemical
reaction has taken place. Give an example in support of your answer.
Answer. Any two of these observations will suggest chemical reaction has taken place.
(i) Change in state.
(ii)Change in colour.
(iii) Evolution of gas.
(iv)Change in temperature.
For example, lead nitrate is white crystalline solid which on heating gives yellowish
brown solid (lead monoxide). A brown gas and a colourless gas is also evolved. It
shows chemical reaction has taken place.

Very Short Answer Type Questions [1 Mark] -Year 2009

68.In electrolysis of water, why is the volume of gas collected over one electrode double
that of gas collected over the other electrode?
Answer.It is because water contains hydrogen and oxygen in the ratio of 2 : 1.

69.Balance the following chemical equations.

Answer.

Short Answer Type Questions[l] [2 Marks] -Year 2009

70. Name the products formed on strongly heating ferrous sulphate crystals. What type
of chemical reaction occurs in this change?
Answer.

It is decomposition reaction.
71. What is an oxidation reaction? Give an example of oxidation reaction. Is oxidation
an exothermic or an endothermic reaction?
Answer. The reaction in which oxygen or electronegative element is added or hydrogen
or electropositive element is removed or loss of electrons takes place, is called an
oxidation reaction, e.g. ,

Oxidation reactions are mostly exothermic in nature because heat is evolved in this
process.

72. Describe an activity to demonstrate the change that takes place when white silver
chloride is kept in sunlight. State the type of chemical reaction which takes place.
Answer.
Aim: To demonstrate the change that takes place when white silver chloride is kept in
sunlight.
Materials Required: AgNO3(aq), NaCl(aq), test tubes.

Procedure:
1. Take 5 ml of silver nitrate solution in a test tube.
2. Prepare sodium chloride solution in another test tube.
3. Add sodium chloride solution into test tube containing silver nitrate solution.
4. Observe the colour of silver chloride formed chloride to grey silver metal Dry it with
the help of filter papers and place it on the watch glass.
5. Place the watch glass under sunlight for sometime.
6. Observe the colour of the silver chloride after sometime. Observation: White silver
chloride turns grey in sunlight because silver metal is formed.

Explanation: Silver chloride is photosensitive. It decomposes in presence of sunlight to

form silver metal and chlorine gas.
Conclusion: Decomposition of silver chloride in presence of sunlight is photochemical
decomposition reaction.
73.When magnesium ribbon burns in air or oxygen, a product is formed. State the type
of chemical reaction and name the product formed in the reaction. Write balanced
chemical equation of this reaction.
Answer.

The type of reaction is combination reaction and the product formed is magnesium
oxide.

74.Distinguish between a displacement reaction and a double displacement reaction.

Identify the displacement and the double displacement reaction from the following
reactions.
Answer.

Displacement reaction is a reaction in which more reactive metal can displace less
reactive metal from its salt solution.
Double displacement reaction are those reactions in which compounds exchange their
ions to form two new compounds (?) Double displacement reaction (ii) Displacement
reaction

75.When you have mixed the solutions of lead(II) nitrate and potassium iodide,
(i) what was the colour of the precipitate formed and can you name the precipitate?
(ii) write the balanced chemical equation for this reaction.
(iii) is this also a double displacement reaction?
Answer.
(i) The colour of the precipitate is yellow. The name of compound formed as a
precipitate is Pbl2 (lead iodide).

(iii) Yes, it is also a double displacement reaction.

76.What do you mean by exothermic and endothermic reactions? Give examples.

Answer.Exothermic reactions are those in which heat is evolved, e.g.

Endothermic reactions are those reactions in which heat is absorbed, e.g.

Question 3.
What is a balanced chemical equation?
Answer:
An equation that has equal number of atoms of each element on both the sides of the
equation is called a balanced chemical equation, i.e., mass of the reactants is equal to
mass of the products.
For example, 2Mg+O2⟶Δ2MgO
Question 4.
Write a balanced equation for a chemical reaction that can be characterised as
precipitation.
Answer:
BaCl2(aq) + Na2SO4 (aq) → BaSO4(s) + 2NaCl(aq)

Question 5.
What is rust?
Answer:
It is a brown mass known as hydrated ferric oxide. Its formula is Fe 2O3. xH2O.

Question 6.
A zinc rod is left for nearly 20 minutes in a copper sulphate solution. What change
would you observe in the zinc rod?
Answer:
The zinc rod will change into zinc sulphate.

Question 7.
Name two salts that are used in black and white photography.
Answer:
Both silver chloride and silver bromide are used in black and white photography.

Question 8.
Which chemical process is used for obtaining a metal from its oxide?
Answer:
The process is known as the reduction of metal oxide.

Question 9.
If you collect silver coins and copper coins you may have seen that after some days a
black coating forms on silver coins and a green coating on copper coins. Which
chemical phenomenon is responsible for these coatings? Write the chemical name of
the black and green coatings.
Answer:
Corrosion is responsible for the formation of this coating. Black coating is due to
formation of Ag2S and green coating is due to formation of CuCO3.Cu(OH)2.
Question 10.
When carbon dioxide is passed through lime water, it turns milky, why?
Answer:
Lime water (calcium hydroxide) combines with carbon dioxide to form a suspension of
calcium carbonate which makes lime water milky.
Ca(OH)2 + CO2 → CaCO3 + H2O

Question 11.
Identify the most reactive and least reactive metal: Al, K, Ca, Au.
Answer:
Most reactive metal: K(Potassium); least reactive metal: Au(gold).

Question 12.
X + Y SO4 → X SO4 + Y
Y + X SO4 → No reaction
Of the two elements T and Y which is more reactive and why?
Answer:
‘X’ is more reactive than ‘Y since it has displaced ‘Y’ in the displacement reaction.

Question 13.
Why is it necessary to balance a chemical equation?
Answer:
An equation is balanced in order to satisfy the law of conservation of mass according to
which total mass of the reactants is equal to the total mass of the products, i.e., mass
can neither be created nor be destroyed during any chemical change.

Question 14.
During electrolysis of water, the gas collected in one test tube is double than the other,
why?
Answer:
On electrolysis, water decomposes into hydrogen and oxygen in the ratio 2 : 1 by
volume so, H2 gas collected in one test tube is double than O2.

Question 15.
Represent decomposition of ferrous sulphate with the help of balanced chemical
equation.
Answer:
2FeSO4 (s) → Fe2O3 (s) + SO2 (g) + SO3 (g)

Question 16.
What is a chemical equation?
Answer:
A chemical equation is a symbolic notation that uses formulae instead of words to
represent a chemical equation.
Question 17.
A teacher took a few crystals of sugar in a dry test tube and heated the test tube over a
flame. The colour of sugar turned black. Explain why?
Answer:
Sugar is a complex compound which on heating undergoes decomposition. Water gets
evaporated thereby leaving behind black carbon in the test tube.

Question 18.
Name two metals which do not get corroded.
Answer:
Gold (Au) and platinum (Pt) do not get corroded.

Question 19.
Identify the compound oxidised in the following reaction:
H2S (g) + Cl2 → S(s) + 2HCl (g)
Answer:
H2S is oxidised.

Question 20.
Why is a magnesium ribbon cleaned before burning?
Answer:
Magnesium reacts with moist air and forms a layer of oxide, MgO (white), on its surface.
So, a magnesium ribbon is cleaned to remove the oxide layer before burning.

Question 21.
State the chemical change that takes place when limestone is heated.
Answer:
Calcium carbonate decomposes on heating to give calcium oxide and carbon dioxide.

Question 22.
On which chemical law, balancing of chemical equation is based?
Answer:
Balancing of a chemical equation is based on the law of conservation of mass.

Question 23.
Name the term used for the solution of the reactants or products when dissolved in
water.
Answer:
Aqueous

Question 24.
What happens when magnesium ribbon burns in air?
Ans. When magnesium ribbon burns in air, it combines with the oxygen to form
magnesium oxide.
2Mg(s) + O2(g) → 2MgO(s)

Question 25.
Give an example of an exothermic reaction.
Answer:
CH4(g) + 2O2(g) → CO2(g) + 2H2O(g) + Heat (evolved)

Question 26.
What type of reaction is this: Na2SO4 + BaCl2 → BaSO4 + 2NaCl
Answer:
It is a double displacement reaction.

Question 27.
Give an example of exothermic reaction.
Answer:
N2 (g) + O2 (g) → 2NO (g) – Heat (absorbed)

Question 28.
A substance X used for coating iron articles is added to a blue solution of a reddish
brown metal Y. The colour of the solution gets discharged. Identify X and Y and also the
type of reaction.
Answer:
X = Zn, Y = Cu, Displacement reaction.

Question 29.
Name the gas evolved when zinc reacts with dil. HCl.
Answer:
Hydrogen gas is evolved.

Extra Questions for Class 10 Science Chapter 1 Short Answer Type I

Question 1.
You are given the following materials
(i) Marble chips (ii) dilute hydrochloric acid (iii) Zinc granules
Identify the type of reaction when marble chips and zinc granules are added separately
to acid taken in two test tubes.
Answer:
(i) Marble chips react with dilute hydrochloric acid to form calcium chloride and carbon
dioxide. It is a double displacement reaction.
CaCO3 + 2HCl → CaCl2 + H2O + CO2
(ii) Zinc granules react with dilute hydrochloric acid to give hydrogen gas. It is a
displacement reaction.
Zn (s) + 2HCl → ZnCl2 (aq) + H2 (g)

Question 2.
What do you understand by precipitation reaction? Explain with suitable examples.
Answer:
The reaction in which two compounds in their aqueous state react to form an insoluble
compound. When two reactants react and product formed remains insoluble and settles
as a solid it is substance (precipitate) is called a precipitation reaction.

For example,
(i) When aqueous solution of sodium sulphate is mixed with an aqueous solution or
barium chloride, barium sulphate is obtained as a white precipitate.
Na2SO4 (aq) + BaCl2 (aq) → BaSO4 (s) + 2NaCl (ag)

(ii) When aqueous solution of sodium chloride is mixed with an aqueous solution of
silver nitrate, silver chloride is obtained as a white precipitate.

Question 3.
What happens when aqueous solutions of sodium sulphate and barium chloride are
mixed? What type of reaction is it?
Answer:
On mixing the solutions of sodium sulphate and barium chloride, a white precipitate of
barium sulphate is obtained.

It is a double displacement reaction.

Question 4.
Explain the following terms with suitable examples.
(a) Oxidation
(b) Reduction
Answer:
(a) Oxidation is a process of addition of oxygen to a substance or removal of hydrogen
from a substance, for example,

Copper is oxidised to CuO, as oxygen is added to copper.

(b) It is the process of removal of oxygen from a substance or addition of hydrogen to a

substance, for example,
Copper oxide is reduced to copper as it involves removal of oxygen.

Question 5.
Complete the missing components/variables given as x and y in the following reactions. 
[NCERT Exemplar]
(a) Pb(NO3)2 (aq) + 2Kl (aq) → PbI2 (x) + 2KNO3 (y)
(b) Cu (s) + 2AgNO3 (aq) → Cu(NO3)2 (aq) + x (s)
(c) Zn (s) + H2SO4 (aq) → ZnSO4 (x) + H2 (y)

Answer:
(a) x = (s), y = (aq)
(b) x = 2Ag
(c) x = (aq); y = (g)
(d) x = heat

Question 6.
An iron knife kept dipped in a blue copper sulphate solution turns the blue solution light
green. Why?
Answer:
We know that iron is more reactive than copper, so it displaces copper from copper
sulphate solution and forms ferrous sulphate which is of light green colour.

Question 7.
A, B and C are three elements which undergo chemical reactions in the following way.
A2O3 + 2B → B2O3 + 2A
3CSO4 + 2B → B2(SO4)3 + 3C
3CO + 2A → A2O3 + 3C
Answer the following:
(a) Which element is most reactive?
(b) Which element is least reactive?
Answer:
(a) The most reactive element is ‘B’. It has displaced both ‘A’ and ‘C’ from their
compounds.
(b) The least reactive element is ‘C’ as it has been displaced by both ‘A’ and ‘B’.

Question 8.
Write the balanced chemical equations for the following reactions and identify the type
of reaction in each case.
(a) Nitrogen gas is treated with hydrogen gas in the presence of a catalyst at 773 K to
form ammonia gas.
(b) Sodium hydroxide solution is treated with acetic acid to form sodium acetate and
water.
(c) Ethanol is warmed with ethanoic acid to form ethyl acetate in the presence of
concentrated H2SO4.
(d) Ethene is burnt in the presence of oxygen to form carbon dioxide, water and
releases heat and light.  [NCERT Exemplar]
Answer:

Question 9.
What is lime water test for the detection of carbon dioxide?
Answer:
When carbon dioxide gas is passed through lime water, it turns milky due to the
formation of a milky suspension (precipitate) of calcium carbonate.
Ca(OH)2 (aq) + CO2 (g) → CaCO3 (s) + CO2 (g)

Question 10.
During the reaction of some metals with dilute hydrochloric acid, following observations
were made,
(a) Silver metal does not show any change.
(b) The temperature of the reaction mixture rises when aluminium (Al) is added.
(c) The reaction of sodium metal is found to be highly explosive.
(d) Some bubbles of a gas are seen when lead (Pb) is reacted with the acid.
Explain these observations giving suitable reasons.   [NCERT Exemplar]
Answer:
(a) No change takes place because silver metal does not react with hydrochloric acid in
normal situations.
(b) The reaction between hydrochloric acid and aluminium is exothermic, thus the
temperature of the reaction mixture rises when aluminium is added.
(c) Since, sodium is a highly reactive metal, thus it reacts with hydrochloric acid
vigorously and produces a large amount of heat. Thus, the reaction is exothermic.
(d) Bubbles of hydrogen gas are formed when lead react with dilute hydrochloric acid.
Pb + 2HCl → PbCl2 + H2
Question 11.
A copper coin is kept in a solution of silver nitrate for some time. What will happen to the
coin and the colour of the solution?
Answer:
We know that copper is more reactive than silver, so it will displace silver from its salt
solution.
Cu (s) + 2AgNO3 (aq) → Cu(NO3)2 (aq) + 2Ag (s)
So, the solution will turn blue due to the formation of copper nitrate.

Question 12.
An aqueous solution of metal nitrate P reacts with sodium bromide solution to form
yellow ppt. of compound Q which is used in photography. Q on exposure to sunlight
undergoes decomposition reaction to form metal present in P along with reddish brown
gas. Identify P and Q. Write the chemical reaction and type of chemical reaction.
Answer:
P = Ag NO3, Q = AgBr
AgNO3 (aq) + NaBr (aq) → NaNO3 (aq) + AgBr (s); Double decomposition reaction
2AgBr (s) → 2Ag (s) + Br2 (g); Photochemical decomposition reaction

Question 13.
What happens when iron nails are immersed in copper sulphate solution? What type of
reaction is it?
Answer:
When iron nails are immersed in copper sulphate solution, iron ions displace copper
ions and a new compound ferrous sulphate is formed.

It is a diplacement reaction.

Question 14.
Which of the following reaction is possible. Explain giving suitable reason.
(i) Zn (s) + CuSO4 (aq) → ZnSO4 (aq) + Cu (s)
(ii) Fe (s) + ZnSO4 (aq) → FeSO4 (aq) + Zn (s)
(iii) Zn (s) + FeSO4 (s) → ZnSO4 (aq) + Fe (s)
Answer:
Reaction (i) and (iii) are possible.
(i)

Zinc is more reactive than copper, therefore, it can displace copper from copper
sulphate solution.
(iii) Zn (s) + FeSO4 (aq) → ZnSO4 (aq) + Fe (s)
Zn is more reactive than Fe, therefore, it can displace iron from ferrous sulphate
solution.

Reaction (ii) is not possible as iron is less reactive than zinc, hence, it cannot displace
Zn.

Question 15.
Which among the following changes are exothermic or endothermic in nature?
(a) Decomposition of ferrous sulphate
(b) Dilution of sulphuric acid
(c) Dissolution of sodium hydroxide in water
(d) Dissolution of ammonium chloride in water  [NCERT Exemplar]
Answer:
(a) endothermic
(b) exothermic
(c) exothermic
(d) endothermic.

Question 16.
State one advantage and one disadvantage of corrosion.
Answer:
Advantage. In some metals a protective layer is formed on its surface due to corrosion
which prevent it from further corrosion.

Example, Aluminium (Al) forms a layer of aluminium oxide (Al 2O3) by corrosion. This
layer prevents further corrosion of aluminium.
Disadvantage: Loss of the metal.

Extra Questions for Class 10 Science Chapter 1 Short Answer Type II

Question 1.
What is corrosion? State condiyions necessary for rusting of iron. How is rusting
harmful?  [NCERT Exemplar]
Answer:
Corrosion. The process of eating away of the metal surface by the action of atmospheric
reagents like water, oxygen and acids changing the metal into its compound is called
corrosion.

Rusting of iron. When iron objects are exposed to atmosphere, they are attacked by air
and moisture (water) of the atmosphere and a brown and orange coloured layer is
formed on the surface. It is called rust which is mainly hydrated iron (III) oxide Fe 2O3.
xH2O.
Harmful effect of rusting. Hydrated iron (III) oxide is a brittle substance and falls off from
the surface of iron and thus the object is damaged. Holes, cavities and roughness of
surfaces are the result of rusting of an iron object.

Conditions necessary for rusting:

 Open surface of the metal

 Presence of air (oxygen)
 Presence of moisture (water).

Question 2.
The gases hydrogen and chlorine do not react with each other even if kept together for
a long time. However, in the presence of sunlight, they readily combine. What actually
happens?   [NCERT Exemplar]
Answer:
In chemical reactions, energy is needed to break the bonds present in the reacting
molecules so that they may combine to form the products. In this reaction, sunlight is
the source of energy in the form of photons. The energy made available by sunlight
helps in breaking the bonds and this leads to chemical reaction between hydrogen and
chlorine.

Question 3.
Write the balanced chemical equations for the following reactions and identify the type
of reaction in each case.
(a) Thermite reaction, iron (III) oxide reacts with aluminium and gives molten iron and
aluminium oxide.
(b) Magnesium ribbon is burnt in an atmosphere of nitrogen gas to form solid
magnesium nitride.
(c) Chlorine gas is passed in an aqueous potassium iodide solution to form potassium
chloride solution and solid iodine.
(d) Ethanol is burnt in air to form carbon dioxide, water and releases heat.   [NCERT
Exemplar]
Answer:
The balanced equations are as under:
(a) Fe2O3 (s) + 2Al (s) → 2Fe (l) + Al2O3 (s) + Heat
It is a redox reaction / displacement reaction.

(b) 3Mg (s) + N2 (g) → Mg3N2 (s)

It is a combination reaction as well as redox reaction.

(c) Cl2 (g) + 2KI (aq) → 2KCl (aq) + I2 (s)

It is a displacement reaction as well as redox reaction.
(d) C2H5OH (l) + 3O2 (g) → 2CO2 (g) + 3H2O (l) + Heat
Redox reaction/combustion reaction

Question 4.
What is rancidity? Write the common method to prevent it.
Answer:
When food item are kept unprotected for some time, their smell and taste changes. This
process is called rancidity. Actually, the microorganisms oxidise the fat and oils present
in them. So oxidation of food items need to be prevented to protect them.

Common methods to prevent rancidity of food item:

 Keeping the food at low temperature.

 Keeping food item in air tight containers.
 By filling nitrogen in the food storage bags.

Question 5.
(a) What happens chemically when quick lime is added to water?
(b) Write the chemical equation in balanced form.
MnO2 + HCl → MnCl2 + Cl2 + H2O
(c) What is decomposition reaction? Explain it with a suitable example.
Answer:
(a) When quick lime (CaO) is added to water, slaked lime Ca(OH) 2 is formed. The
reaction is highly exothermic in nature.

(b) The balanced chemical equation is:

MnO2 + 4HCl → MnCl2 + 2H2O + Cl2

(c) Decomposition reaction is a chemical reaction in which a single substance splits or

breaks into two or more substances under suitable conditions. For example,
2FeSO4(s) → Fe2O3(s) + SO2(g) + SO3 (g)

Question 6.
Identify the oxidising agent (oxidant) in the following reactions:
(a) Pb3O4 + 8HCl → 3PbCl2 + Cl2 + 4H2O
(b) 2Mg + O2 → 2MgO
(c) CuSO4 + Zn → Cu + ZnSO4
(d) V2O5 + 5Ca → 2V + 5CaO
(e) 3Fe + 4H2O → Fe3O4 + 4H2
(f) CuO + H2 → Cu + H2O [NCERT Exemplar]
Answer:
(a) Pb3O4
(b) O2
(c) CuSO4
(d) V2O5
(e) 4H2O
(f) CuO

Question 7.
Write the balanced chemical equations for the following reactions:  [NCERT Exemplar]
(a) Sodium carbonate on reaction with hydrochloric acid in equal molar concentrations
gives sodium chloride and sodium hydrogencarbonate.
(b) Sodium hydrogencarbonate on reaction with hydrochloric acid gives sodium
chloride, water and liberates carbon dioxide.
(c) Copper sulphate on treatment with potassium iodide precipitates cuprous iodide
(Cu2I2), liberates iodine gas and also forms potassium sulphate.
Answer:
(a) Na2CO3 + HCl → NaCl + NaHCO3
(b) NaHCO3 + HCl → NaCl + H2O + CO2
(c) 2CUSO4 + 4KI → 2K2SO4 + Cu2I2 + I2

Question 8.
Write chemical equations for the reactions taking place when:
(i) Iron reacts with steam
(ii) Magnesium reacts with dilute HCl
(iii) Copper is heated in air
Answer:

Question 9.
fialance the following chemical equations and identify the type of chemical reaction.
(a) Mg (s) + Cl2 (g) → MgCl2 (s)

(d) TiCl4 (l) + Mg (s) → Ti (s) + MgCl2 (s)

(e) CaO (s) + SiO2 (s) → CaSiO3 (s)

[NCERT Exemplar]
Answer:
The chemical equation in their balanced form may be written as follows:
(a) Mg (s) + Cl2 (g) → MgCl2 (s), Combination reaction
(d) TiCl4 (l) + 2Mg (s) → Ti (s) + 2MgCl2 (s); Displacement reaction
(e) CaO (s) + SiO2 (s) → CaSiO3 (s); Combination reaction

Question 10.
A silver article generally turns black when kept in the open for a few days. The article
when rubbed with toothpaste again starts shining.
(a) Why do silver articles turn black when kept in the open for a few days? Name the
phenomenon involved.
(b) Name the black substance formed and give its chemical formula.   [NCERT
Exemplar]
Answer:
(a) Silver articles turn black when kept in the air for a few days because H 2S gas present
in the air attacks silver forming a coating of black silver sulphide. The phenomenon is
called corrosion.

(b) Black substance formed is silver sulphide (Ag2S)

2Ag (s) + H2S (g) → Ag2S (s) + H2 (g).

Question 11.
Which among the following are physical or chemical changes?
(a) Evaporation of petrol
(b) Burning of Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG)
(c) Heating of an iron rod to red hot
(d) Curdling of milk
(e) Sublimation of solid ammonium chloride  [NCERT Exemplar]
Answer:
(a) Physical change
(b) Chemical change
(c) Physical change
(d) Chemical change
(e) Physical change

Extra Questions for Class 10 Science Chapter 1 Long Answer Type

Question 1.
Balance the following equations:
(a) Bacl2 + H2SO4 → BaSO4 + HCl
(b) CH4 + O2 → CO2 + H2O
Answer:
(a) Bacl2 + H2SO4 → BaSO4 + 2HCl
(b) CH4 + 2O2 → CO2 + 2H2O

Question 2.
On heating blue coloured powder of copper (II) nitrate in a boiling tube, copper oxide
(black), oxygen gas and a brown gas X is formed.
(а) Write a balanced chemical equation of the reaction.
(b) Identify the brown gas X evolved.
(c) Identify the type of reaction.
(d) What could be the pH range of aqueous solution of the gas X?  [NCERT Exemplar]
Answer:

(b) Brown gas X is nitrogen dioxide (NO 2).

(c) It is a thermal decomposition reaction.
(d) The gas (NO2) is an oxide of a non-metal. Hence, its aqueous solution will be acidic,
i.e., pH range would be between 0 and 7.

Question 3.
(A) Name the type of chemical reaction represented by the following equation:

(c) Zn(s) + H2SO4(ag) → ZnSO4(aq) + H2(g)

(B) “A solution of potassium chloride when mixed with silver nitrate solution, and an
insoluble white substance is formed”.   [CBSE 2010, 2012]
(i) Translate the above statement into a chemical equation.
(ii) State two types for the classification of this reaction.
Answer:
(A) (a) Decomposition reaction
(b) Combination reaction
(c) Displacement reaction.

(B) (i) KCl (aq) + AgNO3 (aq) → AgCl (s) + KNO3 (aq)

(ii) It is a double displacement reaction also called precipitation reaction.
Question 4.
What happens when zinc granules are treated with dilute solution of H 2SO4, HCl, HNO3,
NaCl and NaOH, also write the chemical equations if reaction occurs.  [NCERT
Exemplar]
Answer:

Question 5.
(A) Write the balanced chemical equations for the following chemical reactions:
(i) Hydrogen + Chlorine → Hydrogen chloride
(ii) Lead + Copper chloride → Lead chloride + Copper
(iii) Zinc oxide + Carbon → Zinc + Carbon monoxide
(B) Write balanced chemical equations for the following reactions:
(a) Silver bromide on exposure to sunlight decomposes into silver and bromine.
(b) Sodium metal reacts with water to form sodium hydroxide and hydrogen gas.
Answer:
(A) (i) H2 + Cl2 → 2HCl
(ii) Pb + CuCl2 → PbCl2 + Cu
(iii) ZnO + C → Zn + CO
(B)

(b) 2Na + 2H2O→ 2NaOH + H2

Question 6.
(a) Why cannot a chemical change be normally reversed?
(b) Why is it always essential to balance a chemical equation?
(c) What happens when CO2 gas is passed through lime water and why does it
disappear on passing excess CO2?
(d) Can rusting of iron takes place in distilled water?
Answer:
(a) In a chemical change some bonds are broken and some bonds are formed. The
products are quite different from the reactants. Therefore, it normally can’t be reversed.
(b) A chemical equation has to be balanced to satisfy the law of conservation of mass.
(c) On passing CO2 gas through lime water, it turns milky due to formation of insoluble
calcium carbonate which dissolves on passing excess CO 2 due to formation of soluble
calcium bicarbonate.
Ca(OH)2 + CO2(g) → CaCO3(s) + H2O(l)
CaCO3(s) + H2O(l) + CO2(g) → Ca(HCO3)2 (soluble)
(d) No

Question 7.
What happens when a piece of
(a) zinc metal is added to copper sulphate solution?
(b) aluminium metal is added to dilute hydrochloric acid?
(c) silver metal is added to copper sulphate solution?
Also, write the balanced chemical equation if the reaction occurs.  [NCERT Exemplar]
Answer:
(a) Zinc is more reactive than copper. It displaces Cu from CuSO 4 solution forming
colourless zinc sulphate. Thus, blue colour of CuSO 4 solution starts fading and
ultimately blue colour disappears.

(b) Aluminium reacts with dilute HCl acid forming AlCl 3 along with evolution of bubbles of
H2 gas.

(c) Silver is less reactive than copper. Hence, Ag cannot displace Cu from
CuSO4 solution. Thus, no reaction occurs.

Question 8.
(A) A brown substance ‘X’ on heating in air forms a substance ‘Y’. When hydrogen gas
is passed over heated ‘Y’, it again changes back into ‘X’.
(i) Name the substances X and Y.
(ii) Name the chemical processes occurring during both the changes.
(iii) Write the chemical equations.   [CBSE 2011]
(B) A metal is treated with dil. H2SO4. The gas evolved is collected by the method shown
in the figure. Answer the following:
(i) Name the gas.
(ii) Name the method of collection of the gas.
(iii) Is the gas soluble or insoluble in water?
(iv) Is the gas lighter or heavier than air?
Answer:
(A) (i) The substance X is copper and Y is copper (II) oxide or CuO.
(ii) The process of change of X into Y is oxidation. The process of change of Y into X is
reduction.
(iii) The chemical equations are:

(B) (i) The gas evolved is hydrogen.

(ii) The method of collection of the gas is the downward displacement of water.
(iii) The gas is insoluble in water. That is why, it can be collected over water.
(iv) The gas is lighter than air.

Chemical Reactions and Equations HOTS Questions With Answers

Question 1.
The marble statues often slowly get corroded when kept in open for a long time. Assign
a suitable explanation.
Answer:
SO2, NO2 gases are released into the atmosphere from various sources. These dissolve
in rain water to give acid which corrodes marble statues.
2SO2 + O2 → 2SO3
H2O + SO3 → H2SO4
2NO2 + H2O → 2HNO3
CaCO3 + H2SO4 → CaSO4 + H2O + CO2
CaCO3 + 2HNO3 → Ca(NO3)2 + H2O + CO2

Question 2.
Observe the following activity and identify the following:
(a) Type of chemical reaction.
(b) Write a chemical equation to represent the above change.
(c) Name the gas evolved in the above reaction.
(d) Do you observe any colour change in the above reaction? If yes, mention the colour
change.
(e) Name the coloured substance formed.
Answer:
(a) Decomposition reaction.
(b) 2Pb(NO3)2 (s) → 2PbO (s) + 4NO2 (g) + O2 (g)
(c) Reddish brown fumes of nitrogen dioxide along with oxygen gas is evolved.
(d) The colour of the substance changes from white to yellow due to formation of lead
oxide.
(e) Lead oxide which is yellow coloured.

Question 3.
A substance X, which is an oxide of a group 2 element, is used intensively in the
cement industry. This element is present in bones also. On treatment with water it forms
a solution which turns red litmus blue. Identify X and also write the chemical reactions
involved.   [NCERT Exemplar]
Answer:
The above information suggests that the substance ‘A’ is oxide of the element calcium
(Ca) which is present in group 2 of the periodic table. Calcium is also a constituent of
our bones in the form of calcium phosphate. Calcium oxide (CaO) reacts with water to
form calcium hydroxide (basic in nature). It forms a basic solution which turns red litmus
blue.
CaO (s) + H2O (aq) → Ca(OH)2 (aq)

Question 4.
On adding a drop of barium chloride solution to an aqueous solution of sodium sulphite,
a white precipitate is obtained.
(a) Write a balanced chemical equation of the reaction involved.
(b) What other name can be given to this precipitation reaction?
(c) On adding dilute hydrochloric acid to the reaction mixture, white precipitate
disappears. Why? [NCERT Exemplar]
Answer:
(a) A white precipitate of barium sulphite is formed when barium chloride is added to the
solution of sodium sulphite.
BaCl2 (aq) + Na2SO3 (aq) → BaSO3 (s) + 2NaCl (aq)

(b) This precipitation reaction is also a double displacement reaction.

(c) Barium chloride, sulphur dioxide and water are formed when dilute hydrochloric acid
is added to this solution of barium sulphate and sodium chloride. Since barium chloride
is a soluble substance, thus white precipitate of barium sulphite disappears.
BaSO3 (s) + HCl (ag) → BaCl2 (ag) + SO2 (g) + H2O

Question 5.
A water insoluble substance ‘X’ on reacting with dilute H 2SO4 released a colourless and
odourless gas accompanied by brisk effervescence. When the gas was passed through
water, the solution obtained turned blue litmus red. On bubbling the gas through lime
water, it initially became milky and the milkiness disappeared when the gas was passed
in excess. Identify the substance ‘X’ and write the chemical equations of the reaction
involved.
Answer:
The water insoluble substance ‘X’ is most probably the metal carbonate (CaCO 3). The
chemical reaction that were involved are given below.
CaCO3 (s) + H2SO4 (aq) → CaSO4 (ag) + H2O (aq) + CO2 (g)
Ca(OH)2 (aq) + CO2 (g) → CaCO3 (s) (milky) + H2O (l)
CaCO3 (s) + CO2 (g) + H2O (aq) → Ca (HCO3)2 (milkiness)

Question 6.
The given set up shows the electrolysis of water taking place.
(a) Identify the gases evolved at cathode and anode.
(b) Why is the amount of gas collected in one of the test tubes double the amount in the
other? Name this gas.
(c) How will you test the evolved gases?
Answer:
(a) The gases evolved at anode and cathode are oxygen and hydrogen.

(b) On electrolysis, water decomposes to form hydrogen and oxygen gas in the ratio of
2 : 1 by volume according to the equation given below:

The gas collected in double volume is hydrogen.

(c) Test for oxygen. If we bring a burning splinter near the mouth of test tube containing
oxygen gas it burns more brightly.
Test for hydrogen. On bringing a burning splinter near the mouth of the test tube
containing hydrogen, the gas burns with a pop sound.

Question 7.
A magnesium ribbon is burnt in oxygen to give a white compound X accompanied by
emission of light. If the burning ribbon is now placed in an atmosphere of nitrogen, it
continues to burn and forms a compound Y.
(a) Write the chemical formulae of X and Y.
(b) Write a balanced chemical equation, when X is dissolved in water.   [NCERT
Exemplar]
Answer:
Question 8.
You are provided with two containers made up of copper and aluminium. You are also
provided with solutions of dilute HCl, dilute HNO 3, ZnCl2 and H2O. In which of the above
containers these solutions can be kept? [NCERT Exemplar]
Answer:
(A) When solutions are kept in copper container
(a) Dilute HCl
Copper does not react with dilute HCl. Therefore, it can be kept.

(b) Dilute HNO3

Nitric acid acts as a strong oxidising agent and reacts with copper vessel, therefore
cannot be kept.

(c) ZnCl2
Zinc is more reactive than copper (Cu) therefore, no displacement reaction occurs and
hence can be kept.

(d) H2O
Copper does not react with water. Therefore, can be kept.

(B) When solutions are kept in aluminium containers

(a) Dilute HCl
Aluminium reacts with dilute HCl to form its salt and hydrogen is evolved. Therefore,
cannot be kept.
2 Al + 6HCl → 2AlCl3 + 3H2

(b) Dilute HNO3

Aluminium gets oxidised by dilute HNO3 to form a layer of Al2O3 and can be kept.

(c) ZnCl2
Aluminium being more reactive than zinc can displace zinc ion from the solution.
Therefore, the solution cannot be kept.
2Al + 3ZnCl2 → 2AlCl3 + 3Zn
(d) H2O
Aluminium does not react with cold or hot water. Therefore, water can be kept.
Aluminium is attacked by steam to form aluminium oxide and hydrogen.
2Al(s) + 3H2O(g) → Al2O3(S) + 3H2 (g)

Extra Questions for Class 10 Science Chapter 1 Value Based

Question 1.
Rakesh wanted to give a coating of white wash on the walls of his house. He purchased
quick lime (CaO) and dropped it in container of water and immediately applied the same
on the walls. In this process, he spoiled his hands and even suffered minor bums. His
friend Kapil advised him to keep the container overnight before applying a coating on
the wall.
(i) What mistake was committed by the Rakesh?
(iii) Why did he suffer from minor bums?
(iii) How was Kapil’s advice useful?
(iv) What values are exhibited by Kapil?
Answer:
(i) Rakesh should have waited for a few hours because when quick lime dissolves in
water, slaked lime is formed and the process is highly exothermic (a lot of energy is
released).

(ii) Because the reaction is exothermic and a lot of energy is released and container
becomes hot so he suffered from minor burns.

(iii) Quick lime (CaO) reacts with water to form Ca(OH)2 which is known as slaked lime.
The dissolution process is highly exothermic. So a large amount of heat is evolved. By
keeping container overnight, the chemical reaction subsides and the heat dissipates. So
the coating of slaked lime can be applied safely on the walls.

(iv) Knowledge of Chemistry, helpful and caring nature.

Question 2.
Palak is an eleven year old girl. She purchased a packet of potato chips and had a few
from it more than a month back. She had kept away the open packet containing the
remaining potato chips then. She wanted to eat the remaining potato chips now. Her
elder sister Anjali found that the potato chips were giving out an unpleasant odour.
When she put one of them in her mouth, she found that it had an unpleasant taste too.
Anjali threw away the packet and did not allow Palak to eat the potato chips.
(a) What name is given to the condition in which potato chips kept in the open for a long
time give out unpleasant smell and taste?
(b) Which chemical reaction is responsible for the spoilage of potato chips?
(c) Explain the reason for the unpleasant smell as well as unpleasant taste of the potato
chips.
(d) Mention the values exhibited by Anjali.
Answer:
(a) Rancidity.
(b) Oxidation reaction.
(c) Potato chips contain oil. The oil present in potato chips (which have been kept
exposed to air for a considerable time) gets oxidised by the oxygen of air. The oxidation
products have unpleasant smell and taste. The potato chips are then said to have
turned rancid. They become unfit to eat.
(d) (i) Awareness (or knowledge of Chemistry)
(ii) Concern for the health of her sister.