ECC563 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

THE VIABILITY OF BAMBOO AS A

BUILDING MATERIAL FOR
SUSTAINABLE CONSTRUCTION.

NAME: NURUL WAJIHAH BINTI

MUSTAFA
STUDENT ID: 2020897244
CLASS:EC2206A5
BACKGROUND OF STUDY
In the presence scenario, the development of the building construction sector is accelerating rapidly. Malaysian
vision must be environmentally sustainable. The demand for eco-friendly products is growing globally, driven by
increasing consumer awareness and preferences for sustainable options. Bamboo is one of the material that
provide eco-friendy environment. Bamboo-reinforced concrete is a more sustainable alternative to steel-reinforced
concrete since it uses less energy throughout its entire lifespan, which includes raw material extraction,
manufacture, shipping, consumption, and recycling/disposal. Malaysia, like other nations, is vulnerable to effects of
climate change such as rising temperatures, increased frequency of extreme weather events, and sea-level rise.
Eco-friendly items can aid in the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions, the improvement of energy efficiency, and
the transition to a low-carbon economy, therefore lessening the consequences of climate change. Bamboo
considered as one of the best eco-friendly material because Its has rapid growth which make the bamboo highly
renewable sustainable compared to timber which take more time to generate. Beside that, Bamboo have low
environment impact, it cultivation requires minimal water, pesticides, and fertilizers compared to other crops.
Bamboo has a great strength-to-weight ratio, making it a long-lasting and strong material. It may be designed and
treated to improve its structural qualities, making it suitable for building. Bamboo is a flexible material that may be
utilised in a variety of applications such as building, furniture, flooring, textiles, paper, and more. Its adaptability
minimises reliance on less sustainable resources in a variety of sectors, such as hardwoods or synthetic materials.
Because of its inherent strength and flexibility, bamboo, a naturally occurring construction material common in
tropical to mild temperate climates, has a long history of use. Bamboo's rebirth as a construction material
throughout the 1980s not only underlined its affordability, but also emphasised its durability.
PROBLEM STATEMENT OBJECTIVES
The task at hand is to assess the practicality of
bamboo as a building material, taking into To determine the viability of bamboo as
account structural performance, durability, building structure
and compliance with safety laws.

"Traditional materials and manufacturing processes frequently

contribute to environmental degradation, resource depletion, and
carbon emissions." There is an increasing need to produce
To produce sustainable and eco-friendly
alternative materials that are both sustainable and environmentally
beneficial. Bamboo, a rapidly growing and renewable resource, has construction material by using bamboo.
enormous potential as a material for a wide range of uses

The issue at hand is a lack of thorough information and

understanding regarding bamboo's physical and mechanical
qualities. Despite its potential as a versatile and sustainable
material, a rigorous analysis is required to precisely establish
To analyse physical and mechanical
its properties. The current knowledge gap impedes the properties of bamboo.
successful use of bamboo in a variety of industries, including
construction, furniture, and manufacturing.
SIGNIFICANCE OF STUDY
The general public will benefit greatly from our research on
bamboo as a sustainable resource in the construction industry. It
provides a solution that solves environmental problems,
encourages economic growth, and helps to create visually
beautiful and robust buildings. We discovered considerable
evidence showing the environmental benefits of bamboo, such as
its quick growth, potential for carbon sequestration, and low
energy usage while processing, after reviewing previously
published study literature. Furthermore, its mechanical qualities
and traditional construction usage are well recorded.The limited
exploration of advanced engineering applications of bamboo,
such as its potential as a primary structural material for high-rise
buildings or large-span structures, and its integration with
modern construction techniques and technologies, is a notable
gap in existing research. Comprehensive studies on bamboo's
structural performance, long-term durability, fire resistance, and
seismic behaviour, as well as optimised design methodologies
and building code restrictions for bamboo-based structures, are
still lacking. As a result, our research intends to fill this critical
vacuum by performing extensive experimental investigations and
numerical studies to evaluate bamboo's structural capabilities in
numerous applications.We will also create novel construction
systems and techniques, as well as rules and regulations for the
safe and ecological use of bamboo in the construction industry. As
a result, our research will help to advance the discipline while also
giving practical answers for sustainable and resilient construction
practises.
SCOPE AND LIMITATION
Bamboo's scope as a sustainable material in the
construction industry is vast, including its usage
in a variety of structural and non-structural
applications, such as beams, columns, floors,
and wall panels for various types of structures
and climates. Bamboo provides architectural
versatility and can help to achieve local
economic growth as well as global sustainability
goals. There are several restrictions to consider,
such as the need for standardised rules, regular
maintenance to maintain durability, restricted
market availability, the need to address
misconceptions about bamboo's suitability for
modern constructions, and additional study on
fire resistance. Stakeholders may utilise the
potential of bamboo in building while
promoting its sustainable features by knowing
and resolving these constraints.
LITERATURE REVIEW
LITERATURE REVIEW
 METHODOLOGY
Suitable bamboo for construction material Laboratory Test
-choose suitabale bamboo culm -Compression Test -Low Temperature Bending Test
-use mature bamboo 4-6 years -Marshall Test -Moisture Stability Test
-Choose suitable species eg: Guadua angustifolia, Bambusa balcooa -Ageing Test
-Ensure the bamboo has an appropriate moisture content. -Mechanical propertie Test
-Consider the desired diameter and wall thickness for structural strength.

Determine Joinery Technique Data Analysis

Durability of the bamboo
-Lashing
Toughness of the bamboo
-Pegging
Tensile strength of the bamboo
-Splitting and weaving
Comparison buckling of bamboo
-Mortise and Tenon
Bamboo screws and bolts
Previous study result
Each BRC beam's flexural strength exceeds theoretically projected values. The
Mechanical Properties of Bamboo BOTG beam's flexural strength is on par with the RCC beam's.
-Tensile strength - Shrinkage Bamboo fiber has a higher density and better toughness, which is beneficial to
-Compressive Strength - Fire resistance improvethe flexibility of the mixture and delay the development of cracks
-Elastic modulus - Flexural Strength This analysis revealed that a few species of bamboo have ultimate tensile
-Shearing strength strength comparable to mild steel at yield point and perform well in buckling.

Benefit of bamboo to environment, social and economy

Environmental: Rapid renewable resource, carbon sequestration, soil conservation, and biodiversity
support.
Social: Livelihood opportunities, preservation of traditional knowledge, and community empowerment.
Economic: Cost-effectiveness, sustainable industry, and export opportunities.
MILESTONE
EXPECTED RESULTS

The average load deformation response of all four

types of concrete beams is compared in Fig. 17. The
curves in Fig. 17 separate the flexural behavior of
each concrete beam. Flexural strength among
these beams is observed to rise in a sequence of
PCC,BV, BO, and RCC beams.
Maximum ultimate load average values obtained in
these beams are 21 kN, 63 kN, 35 kN, and 48 kN for
PCC, RCC, BVTP, and BOTG beams, respectively. The
undereinforced section intended for BV type BRC
beam produced 67% greater flexural strength than
PCC beams, but 44% less than the mean flexural
strength of RCC beams. Flexural strength in BV type
BRC beams was found to be 37% higher than in
BVTP beams but still 24% lower than in RCC beams
after the inclusion of 1% bamboo.
EXPECTED RESULTS
Ghavam (1995) discussed the mechanical
properties of bamboo, with a focus on bamboo
in concrete. According to this study, the
ultimate load of a bamboo-reinforced concrete
beam increased 400% as compared to un-
reinforced concrete. It was discovered that,
when compared to steel, the bonding between
bamboo and concrete was weaker, and the
bamboo had a modulus of elasticity 1/15 that of
steel. Bamboo has substantially lower
compressive strength than tensile strength,
with high strength along the fibers but low
strength transverse to the fibers. The need for
the development of a basic design code for the
use of bamboo as a construction material is
stated. Discussion Comparison between Cost of
steel and Bamboo reinforcement concludes
with the result that Structures reinforced with
bamboo as reinforcement is found cheaper
than that of with Steel reinforcement
CONCLUSION
According to the literature gathered from the various studies conducted, bamboo
is the most possibly important non-timber material and fast-growing woody
biofuel, which has sparked widespread interest in the preservation, processing,
application, and avocation of bamboo as a substitute for wood. Because of its low
cost, bamboo's good tensile properties are frequently employed as a substitute
material for steel reinforcement. Because it was previously finished steel, the
bamboo reinforcement strategy will be employed for both distribution and main
and reinforcement. It is three times more cost effective than steel reinforcement.
The use of bamboo as a sustainable artifact has shown great promise since the
nature and features of bamboo are conducive to it. However, the subject of
preservation method remains, thus it is critical to perceive and conduct ongoing
research on productive and eco-friendly methods that utilize fewer chemical
additions to reduce the negative influence on the environment.As a result, if
precautions are taken, the drawbacks of bamboo will be eliminated.
REFERENCES
British Standard. (2000). Testing hardened concrete - Part 4: Compressive strength - specification for testing machines. Bs En
12390-4:2000.

Ghavami, K. (2005). Bamboo as reinforcement in structural concrete elements. Cement and Concrete Composites, 27(6).
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cemconcomp.2004.06.002

Lima, H. C., Willrich, F. L., Barbosa, N. P., Rosa, M. A., & Cunha, B. S. (2008). Durability analysis of bamboo as concrete reinforcement.
Materials and Structures/Materiaux et Constructions, 41(5). https://doi.org/10.1617/s11527-007-9299-9

Mali, P. R., & Datta, D. (2020). Experimental evaluation of bamboo reinforced concrete beams. Journal of Building Engineering, 28.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jobe.2019.101071

Nurdiah, E. A. (2016). The Potential of Bamboo as Building Material in Organic Shaped Buildings. Procedia - Social and Behavioral
Sciences, 216. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2015.12.004

Sofiana, Y., Wahidiyat, M., & Sylvia Caroline, O. (2018). Bamboo as sustainable material for furniture design in disaster and remote
areas in Indonesia. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 126(1). https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/126/1/012150

Xia, C., Wu, C., Liu, K., & Jiang, K. (2021). Study on the durability of bamboo fiber asphalt mixture. Materials, 14(7).
https://doi.org/10.3390/ma14071667

Yadav, M., & Mathur, A. (2021). Bamboo as a sustainable material in the construction industry: An overview. Materials Today:
Proceedings, 43. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matpr.2021.01.125
 UNIVERSITI TEKNOLOGI MARA
School of Civil Engineering
College of Engineering
Universiti Teknologi MARA
40450 Shah Alam

MARKS TABLE
Name: NURUL WAJIHAH BINTI MUSTAFA Student ID: 2020897244

Class: EC2206A5

PROJECT TITLE:
THE VIABILITY OF BAMBOO AS BUILDING MATERIAL FOR
SUSTAINABLE CONSTRUCTION

PROPOSAL COMPONENTS Weightage Marks Sub-total

Research Title (CO1-PO3) 5 1 2 3 4 5 A1=
Research Background (CO1-
5 1 2 3 4 5
PO3)
Problem Statement (CO1-PO3) 10 2 4 6 8 10
Objectives (CO1-PO3) 10 2 4 6 8 10
Significance of Study (CO1-
5 1 2 3 4 5
PO3)
Scope and limitations (CO1-
5 1 2 3 4 5
PO3)
Selection of Literature A2=
5 1 2 3 4 5
Materials (CO2:PO8)
Systematic Literature Review
10 2 4 6 8 10
(CO2:PO8)
Methodology Framework 1
15 3 6 9 15
(CO2:PO8) 2
Timeline/Gantt chart (CO2:PO8) 5 1 2 3 4 5
1
Expected Results (CO2:PO8) 15 3 6 9 15
2
Conclusion (CO2:PO8) 5 1 2 3 4 5
References/Citation (CO2-PO8) 5 1 2 3 4 5
Sub-Total 100
A1 = CO1-
PO3 (40)
A. Sub-Total marks A* = (A1*30/40) + A2*30/60 =
A2 = CO2-
PO8 (60)

PROPOSAL WRITING
(CO3-PO10) Weightage Marks

Design of Content 5 1 2 3 4 5
Slide Creation 5 1 2 3 4 5
Picture, Clip Arts & Background 5 1 2 3 4 5
Mechanics 5 1 2 3 4 5
Sub-Total 20

B. Sub-Total marks B = /20 B* = x 10 =

Total Marks (70%) = (A*) + (B*) = ________________________