Chapter 8

Acid-Base Titrations
Professor Dr. Ibrahim Badr
 Outline

8.1 Strong acid and strong base titrations

8.2 Indicators
8.4 Weak acids titrations
8.13 Kjeldhal Nitrogen Analysis
 8.1 Titration of Strong Acid With Strong Base

What is a titration Curve?

Titration curve is a relationship

between added volume of the 14
titrant and the pH change of the
analyte.

Example titration curve for KOH with

KBr. pH End Point
7
Any titration curve can be divided
into three regions:

Region I: very small change in pH

Region II: very large change in pH
(END POINT) 1
Region III: very small change in pH Volume Added Titrant
 8.1 Strong Acid and Strong Base Titrations

EXAMPLE:
Construct a titration curve for the titration of 50 mL of
0.02 M KOH with 0.1 M HBr.

14

1- Calculate the End point:

(50 * 0.020)KOH=(0.1*V)KBr
0 mL 5 mL
VHBr=10 mL
pH
2-Calculate the pH at selected 7
points of the curve (in each
region). 10 mL 15 mL

1
Volume Added Titrant
 8.1 Strong Acid and Strong Base Titrations

Before titration Begins: 0.0 mL At Eq. Point: 10 mL

STRONG BASE KOH=HBr
KOH → OH- + K+
0.02M 0.02M 0.02M H2O →H+ + OH-

pOH=-log(OH-)=-log(0.02)=1.7 [H+] . [OH-] =10-14

[H+] = [OH-] =10-7 mol/L
pH=14-1.7=12.3 pH=7

Before Eq. Point: 5 mL After Eq. Point: 15 mL

EXCESS KOH EXCESS HBr
mmolKOH= mmolKOH-mmolHBr mmolHBr= mmolHBr-mmolKOH
=0.02 x 50 – 5 x 0.100=0.5 =0.1 x 15 – 50 x 0.02=0.5
MKOH=mmolKOH/Volume MHBr=mmolHBr/Volume
=0.5/55=0.0091 =0.5/65=0.0077

pOH=-log(0.0091)=2.04 pH=-log(0.0077)=2.11

pH=14-2.04=11.96
 8.1 Strong Acid and Strong Base Titrations

Homework Assignment
Calcualte the pH after the addition of the following volumes of
HBr: 3, 5, 7, 9, 9.5, 10, 10.5, 11, 11.5, 12, 15, 20, 30 and draw the
titration curve.

14

pH
7

1
Volume Added Titrant
 8.1 Strong Acid and Strong Base Titrations

Titration of strong acid with strong base

14

pH
7

1
Volume Added Titrant
 8.2 Indicators

Acid base indicator is a weak acid/base whose protonated form

differ in color from its deprotonated form.

OH- H+

IndH + H2O Ind- + H3O+

Acid base
 8.2 Indicators

[B]
pH = pK a + log  [B ] : [ Y ] = 1 : 10  pH = pK a − 1 Yellow
[Y]

[B]
pH = pK a + log  [B ] : [ Y ] = 10 : 1  pH = pK a + 1 Blue
[Y]
8.2 Indicators
 8.2 Indicators

SB<>SA

Methyl Orange

SA<>SB
 8. 4 Weak Acid and Strong Base Titrations

EXAMPLE:
Construct a titration curve for the titration of 100 mL of
0.1 M CH3COOH with 0.1 M NaOH.

14 110 mL

1- Calculate the End point: Weak

(100 * 0.1)NaOH=(0.1*V)CH3COOH Base
VKBr=100 mL
pH 100 mL Strong
7 Base
2-Calculate the pH at selected
points of the curve (in each 30 mL
0 mL
region).

Weak Acid
Buffer
1
Volume Added Titrant
 8. 4 Weak Acid and Strong Base Titrations

Before titration Begins: 0.0 mL At Eq. Point: 100 mL

WEAK ACID (CH3COOH) Basic Salt (CH3COO-)
CH3COOH→ H+ + CH3COO- CH3COOH + OH- → CH3COO-+ H2O
0.1-x x x 10mmol 10mmol
Ka=1.74 x 10-5 0 10 mmol

+ −
H = K a.C HA = 1.74x10 -5 x0.1 = 0.0013 [OH ] = K b.CA - = 0.05x5.75x 10 -10

pH = 2.88 pH = 8.7

Before Eq. Point: 30 mL After Eq. Point: 110 mL

BUFFER EXCESS NaOH (STRONG BASE)
CH3COOH + OH- → CH3COO-+ H2O mmolNaOH= mmolNaOH-mmolweak acid
10mmol 3mmol =0.1 x 110 – 100x 0.1
7 mmol 3 mmol MNaOH=mmolNaOH/Volume =1/210
Acceptor
pH = pKa + log
Donor [OH-]=0.0047, pOH=2.32
[ ] −
3
pH = pKa + log A = 4.76 + log
[ HA] 7 pH=11.67
pH = 4.39
 8. 4 Weak Acid and Strong Base Titrations

Homework Assignment
For the previous titration calculate the pH after
the addition of the following volumes of NaOH:
0.0,
10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80, 90, 95, 99,

100, 105, 110, 130, 150, 170, 200,300 mL

Construct the titration curve by plotting

pH versus mL added NaOH.
8. 4 Weak Acid and Strong Base Titrations

Methyl Orange
 8.10 Kjeldhal Nitrogen Analysis

Kjeldahl method developed in 1884 is the most commonly used

method for analysis of nitrogen in variety of samples.

H2SO4,
C, H, N, O CO2, H2O, NH4+

NH4+ NaOH NH3

NH3 HCl HCl

+ NH4Cl +
Excess Unreacted

HCl
+ NaOH NaCl + H2O
Unreacted

n = n +n
HCl NH3 NaOH
 8.10 Kjeldhal Nitrogen Analysis
Example
0.5 mL of protein was analyzed using Kjeldhal method. The librated
ammonia was trapped in 10.00 mL of 0.02140 M HCl. The un-reacted
HCl was titrated against 0.0198 M NaOH and the end point was
reached at 3.26 mL NaOH.
Knowing that the % nitrogen in the protein is 16.2%, find the
concentration of protein in the sample in mg/mL.

NH3 HCl HCl

+ NH4Cl +
Excess Unreacted
10.00 mL 0.02140M
HCl
+ NaOH NaCl + H2O
Unreacted
3.26 mL 0.0198 M

mmolHCl= mmolNH3 + mmolNaOH

10.00 x 0.02140= mmolNH3 + 3.26 x 0.0198

mmolNH3 →massNH3 →massN →protein concentration.

8.13 Kjeldhal Nitrogen Analysis
8.13 Kjeldhal Nitrogen Analysis
Solution
 Homework
Assignment

2-5
20

9,13
24

16,18 26,29

Beginning

Prof. Dr. Ibrahim Badr