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Electrical Machines Operation And Control

Teacher Category
Rama Prasanna Dalai Core Courses

Description Teachers Attendees Reviews

Course Name : Electrical Machines Operation and Control

Code(Credit) : CUTM1054(3-1-0)

Course Objectives

To introduce the students about principles of electromagnetism applied to alternating machines.

To familiarise the students about the fundamental laws that governs the operation of machines and to extend its application to synchronous
and motors.
To introduce the students about the constraints associated with starting of Induction motors.
Develop selection skill to identify the type of generators or motors required for particular application.

Learning Outcomes

On completing this course, students will be able to:

They will develop the skill of operating different electrical machines and its control techniques.
They will perform different tests on various machines.
They will understand the electromagnetic induction.
They will gain knowledge on DC & AC Machines.

Course Syllabus

Module-I: D.C. Machines (5 Hrs)

Theory
Construction, Classification and Principle of operation of DC machines.
Theory & testing:-EMF equation of DC generator, DC Motor Characteristics, Speed Equation of DC Motor. Characteristic for Speed Armature Curre
Armature Current and Speed Torque of (i) Separately Excited DC Motor, (ii) DC Shunt Motor, (iii) DC Series Motor, and (iv) DC Compound Motor, Com
between Different types of DC Motors
Application- DC Generator, DC Motor-Types
Practice:
1) Determination of OCC (Open Circuit Characteristics) of D.C Shunt Generator.
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2) Starting & Speed Control of D.C Shunt motor by (i) Field flux control method & (ii) armature voltage control method.
3) Starting & Speed Control of D.C Series motor by (i) Field flux control method & (ii) armature voltage control method.

MODULE II: Stepper Motors (Precision Machines) (6 Hrs)

Theory
Stepper motor drive, basic principles involved in stepper motor control, stepper motor specification, operation and commercial driver chips and p
Brushless DC Motors, Reluctance Motor, Hysteresis Motor
Application in Medical, Automobile, Civil, Electrical etc
Practice:
4) Motor Voltage and Current Measurement.
5) ON-Load Tap changer

Module-III: Induction Motors (8 Hrs)

Theory
Principles of operation of induction motors, both single and 3-phase types. Torque-speed curves, Different types of single phase motors
Three Phase Induction Motor
Equivalent Circuit and Phasor Diagram, No-Load and Blocked Rotor tests, Determination of Parameters, Slip-Torque Characteristics Losses and E
Effect of rotor resistance, Starting and speed control methods, Cogging, Crawling and Electrical Braking of Induction Motors.
Applications of three & single phase motors which will assist in picking the right one for an application.
Practice:
5) Determination of parameter of a single phase induction motor and study of (a) Capacitor start induction motor (b) Capacitor start and capacitor
motor
6) Determination of Efficiency, Plotting of Torque-Slip Characteristics of Three Phase Induction motor by Brake Test.
7) Load test of a 3 phase slip ring induction motor.

Module-IV: Three Phase Synchronous Generators (7 Hrs)

Theory
Construction, Principle, Coil Pitch, Distributed Windings in A.C. Machines, The Equivalent Circuit of a Synchronous Generator (Armature Reaction R
Synchronous Reactance and Impedance). The Phasor Diagram of a Synchronous Generator, Power and Torque in Synchronous Generators (Powe
Equation and Power Angle Characteristic)
Practice:
8) Plotting the open circuit and short circuit characteristics of alternator.
9) Calculating the voltage regulation by synchronous impedance method.
10) Calculating the voltage regulation by zero power factor method.

Module-V: Parallel Operation Of Three Phase AC Synchronous Generators (4 Hrs)

Theory
Synchronous condenser, Hunting, Paralleling-Conditions, Procedure, Operation of Generators in Parallel with Infinite bus bar, Effect of excitation, e
unequal voltage and steam power supply.
Practice:
11) Connection & verifying the conditions of parallel operation of alternators.
12) Verification of direct axis reactance, quadrature axis reactance
13) Load Sharing during parallel operation using Dymola.

Module-VI: Three Phase Synchronous Motors (6 Hrs)

Theory
Basic Principles of Motor operation, Construction, Starting Synchronous Motors, Synchronous Motor Ratings, Equivalent circuit & phasor diagram,
excitation on varying load, power developed in a synchronous motor.
Applications of synchronous motors
Practice:
14) Study of universal motor and shaded pole motor.
TEACHERS
15) Use of synchronous motor as a synchronous condenser for p.f |improvement.
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Module-VII: Single-Phase Transformers (9 Hrs):

Theory
Construction and principle of operation, EMF Equation, Transformation ratio, Practical and Ideal transformers
Three Phase Transformers: Three-phase transformer connections- Star-star, Two Single-Phase Transformers connected in Open Delta (V-Connec
rating, Delta-star, Zig-zag connections. Scott connection, Open delta connection. Auto Transformers, Welding Transformer.
Application of Single & Three Phase transformer
Practice:
16) Prescribed tests of single phase and three phase Transformer.
17) Load balancing in a three phase distribution Transformer.
18) Simulation of open delta condition of Transformer.
TEXT BOOK:

1. Electrical Machines – D P Kothari and I J Nagrath, Fourth Edition – Tata McGraw Hill.

REFERENCE BOOKS:

1. Electrical Machinery – P S Bimbhra – Khanna Publishers.

2. Electrical Machines - P. K. Mukherjee, S. Chakravarti, Dhanpat Rai & Sons

Session Plan

Session 1

Construction of DC Generator and DC Motor,Classification and Principle of operation of DC machines,Theory & Testing:-EMF equation of DC gene
Equation of DC Motor,Characteristic for Speed Armature Current, Torque Armature Current
https://www.youtube.com/watch?reload=9&v=gW45N2WpD64
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oI-O9FCDqmg
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=j_F4limaHYI

Session 2
Comparison between Different types of DC Motors and their Application,Speed Torque of (i) Separately Excited DC Motor, (ii) DC Shunt Motor,(iii) D
Motor, and (iv) DC Compound Motor, Application of DC Generator & Motors type
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UlHMQiXJ1Ug&t=5s
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lhBZSU253KE
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LwbUJClFcQA

Session 3
Determination of OCC (Open Circuit Characteristics) of DC Shunt generator
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3iGBSuZPaJw

Session 4
Starting & Speed Control of D.C Series motor by (i) Field flux control method & (ii) armature voltage control method
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https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BXMtnP-gf5s

Session 5
Starting & Speed Control of D.C Shunt motor by (i) Field flux control method & (ii) armature voltage control method
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3rae9NeLvsM
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MPmgx_0V_04
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vhnbvxrAucg

Session 6
Stepper Motors-Precision Machines-Basic principle involved in Stepper motor control,Operation and commercial driver chips and packages
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TWMai3oirnM
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pe71pKhP9ME
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-ZYQ-GqraLc

Session 7
BLDC Motors-Construction,Working Principle, Application
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bCEiOnuODac
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VaWGJVHiJC8

Session 8
Reluctance & Hysteresis Motors-Construction,Working Principle, Application.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qDon7Nrj1Tk

Session 9
Application in Medical, Automobile, Civil, Electrical etc.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9MG8-3QuSyQ

Session 10
Motor voltage and current measurement.

Session 11
ON-Load Tap changer.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=R_NxRDXOEFk

Session 12 TEACHERS | ACADEMIC SCHEMA

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Principle of Operation of Single phase AC motors, Both Single Phase and Three Phase AC motors.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=awrUxv7B-a8
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=e7uzskt2LHI
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qjMaJxv-DgY

Session 13
Different types of single phase motors.

Session 14
Application of Single phase motors, which will assist in picking the right one for the application.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=U8jlkHAR2YA

Session 15
Three PHASE Induction Motors-principle,Starting of squirrel cage and slip ring rotor type induction machine,Losses and efficiency of three phase
machine.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AQqyGNOP_3o

Session 16
Speed Control of Induction Motors,Cogging, Crawling and Electrical braking of induction motors.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UfiNbIUN7G0

Session 17
Determination of parameter of a single phase induction motor and study of
(a) Capacitor start induction motor
(b) Capacitor start and capacitor run induction motor

Session 18
Determination of efficiency, plotting of torque slip charecteristics of three phase induction motor by brake test.

Session 19
Load test of a 3 phase slip ring induction motor.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qTMnVPZ2hj8

Session 20
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Three Phase Synchronous Generator: Constructional Features of Squirrel Cage Rotor type.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Q5wJTlOplhE

Session 21
Slip Ring/Wound Rotor type.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6GSju8fZhSw

Session 22
Principle of Operation, Salient and Non-salient type.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wIVMnc8q2jY
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZcCiMBmw6DE

Session 23
Power angle equation,characteristic, of salient and non-salient type.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8HFa_YjZIFc&t=6s

Session 24
Plotting OCC and SCC of alternator

Session 25
Calculating the voltage regulation from synchronous impedance method.

Session 26
Calculating the voltage regulation from zero power factor method,POTIER Reactance.

Session 27
Synchronous condenser, Hunting,Conditions of parallel operation, Procedure for paralleling alternators
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_NnxdPKWsIg
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yqdP1SIN2ZA

Session 28
Effect of excitation, unequal voltages and steam power supply.
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Session 29
Connection and verification parallel operation of alternators,Verification of direct axis reactance, quadrature axis reactance.

Session 30
Load Sharing during parallel operation using Dymola.

Session 31
Three Phase Synchronous Motors: Basic Principles of Motor operation, Construction, Starting Synchronous Motors, Synchronous Motor Ratings.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Vk2jDXxZIhs

Session 32
Equivalent circuit & phasor diagram.

Session 33
Effect of excitation on varying load.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OxoGG9SoVG4

Session 34
Power developed in a synchronous motor, Applications of synchronous motors.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1KduQPettcc

Session 35
Study of universal motor and shaded pole motor.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0PDRJKz-mqE
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Uity_1XDLZ4

Session 36
Use of synchronous motor as a synchronous condenser for p.f improvement.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZqSNOK_FL9s

Session 37
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Single-Phase Transformers: Construction and principle of operation, EMF Equation, Transformation ratio, Practical and Ideal transformers
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Cx4_7lIjoBA
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hXLA5sdT9Cs
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=B_8DWdZmh6M
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XrIXioEn3yQ

Session 38
Three Phase Transformers: Three-phase transformer connections- Star-star
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9rCgd7wPxw8

Session 39
Two Single-Phase Transformers connected in Open Delta (V-Connection) and their rating.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5RsEIBc5Apg

Session 40
Delta-star, Zig-zag connections. Scott connection, Open delta connection.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gkb6zY3KOKE
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-PuVmOLr5K8

Session 41
Auto Transformers, Welding Transformer.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_dMayDD6qi0
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZhYNs0FY5BA

Session 42
Application of Single & Three Phase transformer.

Session 43
Prescribed tests of single phase and three phase Transformer.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YUW62Jy8RDY

Session 44
Load balancing in a three phase distribution Transformer.

Session 45 TEACHERS | ACADEMIC SCHEMA

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Simulation of open delta condition of Transformer.

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