Nepal Government

National Reconstruction Authority

National Reconstruction Policy

1. Background
Nepal’s 14 districts suffered a massive loss of lives and property due to devastating earthquake of
7.6 rector scale on April 25, 2015 Saturday afternoon 11.56 am that has a epicenter at Barpak of
Gorkha district, and the subsequent aftershocks. The destructive earthquake Nepal faced after
1933 hugely affected 14 districts, whereas 31 districts suffered a loss of lives and property.
According to the latest statistics, some 8790 people died and 22,301 people were injured by the
quake. Likewise, some 508,724 private houses and 2,656 government buildings were completely
damaged. Some, 270,000 private house and 3,622 government buildings were partially damaged,
whereas some 19,000 class rooms completely and 11,000 class rooms were partially damaged.
The disaster has a negative impact in the overall national economy. According to The initial
estimation, R 669 billion is required for the reconstruction of the damaged properties. This Policy
has been prepared on the basis of resolution motion passed by Parliament on May 13, 2015,
Nepal’s Constitution 2071 BS, suggestion of the National Reconstruction Consulting Council, Post
Disaster Needs Assessment (PDNA) and the International Conference on Nepal’s Reconstruction
(ICNR) held in Kathmandu.

2. Need of the Reconstruction Policy

A Reconstruction Policy is needed to mobilize in a coordinated way the government and non-
governmental agencies, private sector, community, and volunteers for the reconstruction of
demolished structures from the quake. From the international experience also, such a Policy will
help coordinate the assistance from foreign people, government, international organizations, and
others, who wished to help Nepal’s reconstruction drive. The Policy will also help plan, implement,
and monitor the reconstruction and rehabilitation programs and projects. Likewise, this Policy will
also address cross cutting and multidimensional issues.

3. The Guidelines
3.1 Concept of central policy but decentralized program should be adopted.
3.2 Local materials, knowledge, skill, labor and Vastu (traditional engineering) should be
used in reconstruction.
3.3 Build Back Better concept has to be adopted.
3.4 According to the concept of build-self, the private houses should be constructed by the
people, and public buildings should be reconstructed with the help of government,
community and donors. Both the public and private construction should be children-
and-differently able person.
 3.5 The target group and concerned people should be informed about the construction
materials, engineering, Vastu, construction method, earthquake resistance method
while reconstructing the public and residential buildings.
3.6 The quality construction materials, furniture and furnishing made in Nepal should be
given priority while building construction.
3.7 The reconstruction of the village has to be at the same place, if possible. If it needs to be
resettled, it has to be done near the old village, area or in the same district, respecting
the locals livelihood, culture and their traditions. If needs to be resettled to other
district, the livelihood and culture should not be compromised. The original shape of the
village and the development of prosperous society need to be taken into account.
3.8 The political parties, national non-governmental organization (NGO) and community
organization, professional intuitions, social and religious institutions, friendly countries,
international donors, international NGOs, should be mobilized according to the Policy
adopted by the government.
3.9 Government should not discriminate in providing assistance to the quake affected
families. The assistance has to be distributed in uniformity area-wise and agency-wise
(government and non government) in transparent way. Specialized programs has to be
developed by identifying the special needs of poor, dalits, pregnant women, single
women, differently able people, children at risk, and senior citizens.
3.10 The prefabricated house, their components and construction materials, used in
various war-torn countries around the world and by army should be discouraged in the
reconstruction and rehabilitation.
3.11 The trend that can disturb social, religious and communal harmony has to be
banned.
3.12 The national unity, harmony and resilience that has been experienced during the
rescue, relief and search after the quake has to be maintained during the rehabilitation
and reconstruction. The 'emergency management' capacity and skill of Nepalese has to
be utilized to a maximum with planning and timely.
3.13 The policy and program implemented in the quake affected districts has to be
implemented slowly in other parts of the country.
3.14 Maximum help from neighboring countries has to be sought for the reconstruction
of bigger infrastructures.

4. Objectives
4.1 To reconstruct, retrofit and restore the partial and completely damaged residential,
community and government buildings and heritage sites to make them disaster
resistant using local technology according to the need.
4.2 To reconstruct damaged cities and ancient villages keeping the original shape with
improved structure.
 4.3 To promote and preserve the people and community at risk in the quake affected
districts.
4.4 To develop new opportunities by reestablishing productive sector for economic
opportunities and livelihoods.
4.5 To study and research on earthquake, its damages and effects, reconstruction,
resettlement, rehabilitation and disaster risk reduction.
4.6 To resettle the community by identifying the right place on the basis of detailed study.

5. Strategy
5.1To reconstruct, retrofit and restoration the partial and completely damaged
residential, community and government buildings, heritage sites, hydropower
projects, irrigation projects, roads, airport, to make them disaster resistant using
local technology according to the need. (Related to 4.1)
5.1.1 The self construction will be encouraged for the maintenance and reconstruction
of residential buildings.
5.1.2 The quake and other disaster resistant construction method would be
implemented.
5.1.3 The quake affected families would be provided financial assistance according to
the fixed standard.
5.1.4 The public awareness on quake resistance construction method would be
increased.
5.1.5 The emergency community buildings would be constructed according to the
need.
5.1.6 Safe multi-storey buildings would be constructed while reconstructing the
damaged public building according to the concept of unified administrative
building.
5.1.7 Safety measures from the risk of possible flood and land slide has to be taken
into account while reconstructing the physical and social infrastructure in the
quake affected areas.
5.1.8 Priority would be given to restoration and retrofitting of historical buildings and
structures that are partially damaged and dilapidated.

5.2To reconstruct damaged cities and ancient villages keeping their originality with
improved shape and structure. (Related to 4.2)
5.2.1 The local Vastu (engineering), construction material and skill will be utilized
maximum while reconstructing the government buildings at the centre or
districts.
5.2.2 Restoration and retrofitting of the partially damaged and dilapidated historical
buildings and structures will be prioritized.
 5.2.3 The international institutions would be invited to restore and reconstruct the
world heritage sites. But the national and local resources would be mobilized to
restore and reconstruct the national and local sites.
5.2.4 The ancient construction materials would be used as possible as can be in
maintenance, improvisation and reconstruction of ancient and historic sites.
5.2.5 The ancient and historic urban centres would be developed and revived by the
building unification method.

5.3To promote and preserve the people and community at risk in the quake affected
districts. (Related to 4.3)
5.3.1 Priority would be given to promote quake affected women, differently able
people, children, senior citizens, marginalized and poor people.
5.3.2 Products and services of the economically weak, marginalized and poor
community from the quake affected areas would be provided market access.
5.3.3 Special priority would be given to social security, basic health care, education
and improvement in food security in the quake affected areas.

5.4 To develop new opportunities by reestablishing productive sector for economic

opportunities and livelihoods (Related to 4.4)
5.4.1 Organizing productive livelihood programs.
5.4.2 Helping restore small and cottage industrialists.
5.4.3 Restoring tourism services and facilities.
5.4.4 Create new opportunities for self employment
5.4.5 Skill development and training programs would be formulated and implemented
for the quake affected women, differently able people, children, senior citizens,
marginalized and poor people.

5.5To study and research on earthquake, its damages and effects, reconstruction,
resettlement, rehabilitation and disaster risk reduction. (Related to 4.5)
5.5.1 Land utilization policy and programs would be implemented after geological
survey of quake affected districts.
5.5.2 Study and research of alternative livelihood.
5.5.3 National and foreign researchers of earthquake would be assisted and
coordinated.

5.6Land development and land utilization policy would be implemented and

amended.
5.6.1 Land development and land utilization policy would be evaluated.
5.6.2 Physical infrastructure would be evaluated and unified community
settlement would be developed.
6. The Procedures
6.1The self construction will be encouraged for the maintenance and reconstruction
of residential buildings. (Related to 5.1.1)
a) The house owners in rural and urban centres would construct houses themselves
according to the prescribed standard, and with the increased access of construction
materials, economic and technological assistance.
b) The families which have single women, children, differently able people, and senior
citizens would be encouraged to construct houses with support from the
community.
c) The community group with locals would be formed in rural and semi urban centres
to construct houses phase-wise.
d) The local resources, materials, and skills would be used sustainably.

6.2The quake and other disaster resistant construction method would be

implemented. (Related 5.1.2)
a) The houses would be constructed on the permission of the local bodies based on
National Buildings Code.
b) Use of locally manufactured quality corrugated sheets, cement, iron rod would be
encouraged. Use of imported prefabricated houses and its parts would be
discouraged.
c) The people and industries manufacturing improved and of prescribed quality slab,
precast beam, bricks, concrete block using local resources would be encouraged.
d) The maximum reuse of materials from the old damaged houses would be
encouraged.
e) Local Vastu and quake resistance method including retrofitting, would be
encouraged while reconstruction of buildings.
f) Personal or community residence constructed by the private sector would be
assessed by the technicians for restoration and retrofitting.
g) A roaster of manpower trained by government and non government sector would be
created and mobilized in reconstruction.
h) The differently able people, women, children and senior citizen friendly residential
houses would be encouraged
i) Utilization of Solar power, wind power, rainwater, and underground water recharge
would be encouraged.
j) A technical standard of the damaged physical infrastructure would be prepared for
retrofitting and reconstruction.

6.3The quake affected families would be provided financial assistance according to

the fixed standard.
 a) The house-owner would be provided financial assistance on installment basis after
the recommendation of technical team that would monitor if the houses are
constructed according to the approved designs and maps.
b) Financial assistance would be provided for construction of houses that are selected
from the designs approved by Nepal Government.
c) The loan and subsidy would be provided through the banking channel on
installment on the basis of progress of house construction.
d) The assistance would be provided only to those who have no other houses except
partially or completely damaged houses by the earthquake.

6.4The public awareness on quake resistance construction method would be

increased. (Related to 5.1.4)
a) Program would be organized on disaster reduction and earthquake resistance
construction through radio, Television, online media and print media nationally
except trainings of masons and awareness campaign locally.
b) Posters, pamphlets and leaflets of concerned government body, NGO and private
sector-approved house designs and construction manual would be distributed in
local levels.
c) The information on safe construction in rural, semi urban and urban areas would be
disseminated with the help of local community, masons, technicians, political cadres
and artistes.
d) The earthquake education would be included in curriculum and revised timely.
e) Regular drill would be conducted on how to safely escape from buildings, offices and
schools during the earthquake.

6.5The emergency community buildings would be constructed according to the need.

(Related to 5.1.5)
a) At least one emergency community building would be constructed in all the
municipalities of Kathmandu Valley and quake-affected districts headquarters,
which could be used as shelters during the disaster and for other various
community purpose during normal times.
b) People, who are living illegally in the public land, open spaces and river-banks would
be encouraged to evacuate. The public land, open spaces and river banks would be
used for public purpose.

6.6Safe multi-storey buildings would be constructed while reconstructing the

damaged public building according to the concept of unified administrative
building. (Related to 5.1.6)
a) The construction of proposed multi-storey administrative complex in Kathmandu
would be immediately started.
 b) The reconstruction of multi-storey building would be children, differently able
people, women and senior citizen friendly.
c) The reconstruction of multi-storey building would be according to local Vastu and
environment.
d) Reconstruction of damaged government buildings in urban areas would be made
secure and comfortable multi-storey building according to unified administrative
building concept.

6.7Safety measures from the risk of possible flood and land slide has to be taken into
account while reconstructing the physical and social infrastructure in the quake
affected areas. (Related to 5.1.7)
a) Road and Bridge: The reconstruction and maintenance of highways, major motor
ways and bridges would be prioritized, to bring them back to the pre-quake stage, in
the first phase. Then the roads and bridges leading to the quake hit village and
community would be reconstructed and maintained. Likewise, the inner roads and
bridges of the community proposed by Land Development Project would be
constructed. The road expansion in the Kathmandu valley will be continued and it
will be started in other municipalities of the country.
b) Airport: The geological and geographical study of the areas of airports by the
experts would be conducted and improved immediately, if deems necessary. Go-
downs would be constructed in all the airports for the storage of relief materials at
the time of disaster. At least one helipad would be constructed in an open space of
the reconstructed villages.
c) Electricity and energy: Electricity supply would be normalized by maintaining the
damaged hydropower projects and transmission lines. In case of storage-type
hydropower projects, a detailed study of geology, the impact of recent earthquake,
and its implication in future would be conducted. The reconstruction and
maintenance would be carried out according to the study. The families using
alternative energy sources like solar and biogas would be given financial assistance
for regular energy supply.
d) Drinking Water: The damaged drinking water system would be immediately
restored for smooth supply of drinking water. Alternative drinking water resources
would be used, for those drinking water distribution systems that take long time to
restore.
e) Irrigation: The damaged irrigation system would be restored in active involvement
of local water-users group.
f) The reconstruction of areas that are affected by big airports, hydropower projects
and other infrastructure projects would be done in coordination of the projects. The
reconstruction works would not be carried out in the areas, where the villages have
to be resettled.
 g) The bridges, hydropower projects, transmission lines, and telephone towers that are
at the risk of flood and landslide would be conducted a detailed technical survey
before reconstruction and retrofitting.
h) Health sector: Health post, health centres, hospitals, should be given priority while
reconstruction. The buildings that need simple restoration would be retrofitted, and
provided necessary drugs, equipment and medical staff to start service.
i) Education sector: The school buildings would be immediately reconstructed and
maintained to make fearless studying environment for the students from the horror
of the earthquake. The partially damaged school buildings would be retrofitted for
early resumption of schools.
A detailed technical study would be conducted of the administration buildings and
central library under Tribhuwan University and they would be reconstructed and
maintained. The necessary books, stationary, furniture, and teachers would be
provided to immediately resume classes.
j) Local community building and facility: Special arrangements would be done for
the old homes, orphanage, and community buildings for reconstruction and
maintenance. These buildings would be made women, children, differently able
people and senior citizens friendly while reconstruction. One community building
would be constructed in every municipality of Kathmandu metropolis and in every
district headquarters for the emergency disaster management. Likewise, at least one
open space and one pond would also be constructed in every village development
committees. The open space can be used as helipad during the emergency.

6.8Priority would be given to restoration and retrofitting of historical buildings and

structures that are partially damaged and dilapidated. (Related to 5.1.8)
a) A record would be prepared of the partially damaged buildings and they would be
technically evaluated.
b) The local clubs, Guthi (community), social organizations and people's
representatives would be involved in the restoration and retrofitting.
c) The damaged sites would be classified as world heritage sites, national heritage sites
and local heritage sites and the concerned authorities would be identified.
d) The UNESCO and other international institutions, apart from local Guthi and social
organizations would be involved in the reconstruction of world heritage sites.
e) The people, institutions and groups would be identified and involved in
preservation, restoration and reconstruction of the national and local heritage sites.
f) The Kathmandu Metropolis would reconstruct the Dharahara (Bhimsen Tower) in
coordination of concerned authority according to the suggestion of the people.

6.9Land development and land utilization policy implementation and evaluation.

(Related to 5.6.1)
 a) Geographical, geological, environmental, socio-economic and cultural aspects would
be studies.
b) Land pulling and directed land development program would be implemented
according to the current land use policy and Act.
c) Discouraging the scattered settlement, the unified settlement with facilities at a
proper place would be developed.
d) The partially damaged areas would be studied and risk sensitive land use policy
would be formulated and implemented.
e) The wasted land by the side of rivers, land under the transmission lines and landof
community forest would be utilized after framing a guideline.

6.10 Physical infrastructure would be evaluated and unified community settlement

would be developed. (Related to 5.6.2)
a) Smart village, smart city and satellite city would be developed as model in quake-
affected districts.
b) A technical team would be mobilized in the local community to make the people
aware of possible risk. If the settlement as to resettled, the community would be
made aware of safe space nearby.
c) While resettling, the nearest place would be selected, if possible, if not new
settlement would be developed within the district.
d) The damaged trigonometric points established by the Department of Survey would
be restored in quake-affected districts.
e) The land use policy would be developed and local community would be asked while
developing new settlement with permission of local authority. The Physical and
social facilities would be developed by the government, while private houses would
be constructed by the people themselves.
f) Land pulling and directed land development program would be implemented
according to the current land use policy and Act.
g) The partially damaged areas would be studied and risk sensitive land use policy
would be formulated and implemented.

6.11 Maximum use of local Vastu, construction materials, and skills while
reconstructing central and district public buildings.
a) The historical and modern buildings within the Singh Durbar secretariat would be
restored and reconstructed by maintaining its originality.
b) The partially damaged public buildings would be restored and maintained by
retrofitting after technical evaluation.
c) All the security measures would be taken into account while reconstructing the
security agencies' buildings.
6.12 Old and historic buildings would be redeveloped and restored by using House
pulling method.
a) The historic and old urban areas of Kathmandu, Lalitpur, Bhaktapur, Sankhu and
Bungmati would be restored in consent of the house-owner by securing the rights of
the house-owners..
b) New quake resistance buildings would be constructed by keeping the historical
engineering, and according to building code.
c) The local house owners would be involved in reconstruction of old historic urban
areas to improve their economic, social and environmental aspects.
d) The private houses would be constructed by the individual house owners but
improvement of social facilities would be done and constructed by the government.

6.13 Healthcare, training for skill development and employment opportunity

would be provided to quake affected women, children, marginalized community
and poor, according to their wish and necessity.
a) Special trainings on education, health care awareness, skill development would be
given to these community and groups to maintain social harmony.
b) Earthquake and domestic-violence affected women, differently able people, orphan,
and senior citizens would be resettled.

6.14 The products and services produced by the quake hit, economically weak,
marginalized and poor would be provided market access.
a) The NGOs would be mobilized, under the government's policy, to help increase
access of economically weak, marginalized and poor groups to the cooperatives.
b) Those who have no access to cooperatives would be helped to establish savings and
credit groups.
c) The cooperatives and savings and credit groups would be mobilized.

6.15 Special attention would be given to social security, basic healthcare,

reproductive health, child health, adolescents' health and nutrition for the
earthquake affected areas.
a) Social facilities provided by the government would be made available at the
doorstep of the quake affected areas on the fixed date for their social security.
b) The risk groups like pregnant women, single women, widow, children of less than
five years, senior citizens would be provided necessary assistance for a certain
period.

6.16 Restoration of immediate livelihood

a) Food for work or cash would be available for local infrastructure construction,
reconstruction and maintenance.
 b) Skill development for employment, cottage, small and micro industries would be
provided for income generation activities. The training would be linked to
entrepreneurship and market.

6.17 Financial assistance and relief for industrialist and businessmen

a) Financial assistance would be provided to establish cooperative groups for income
generation activities and small investment through microfinance.
b) Self employment and income generation trainings would be provided in the affected
districts for the supply of manpower for reconstruction.
c) Seeds and fertilizers would be provided at fair price smoothly for farmers.
d) Smooth supply of Pesticides would be ensured for farmers, and cold store, and milk
chilling centres would be restored and reconstructed.
e) Concerned businessmen would be provided subsidized loans for restoration of
damaged Haat bazaar, vegetables and fruits market in urban areas.
f) The loan payment period would be increased for the hydropower projects, tourism
infrastructure, goods and service industry of the private sector. Chance to adjust the
current loan would be provided to give relief to them. Tax break would be given for a
certain period to restore the specific industry and businesses.

6.18 Restoration of tourism infrastructure and services

a) The people and families involved in hotel, home stay, tourist lodge and tourist guide
businesses would be provided loan at subsidized interest rates.
b) Necessary infrastructure for the tourist spot, restoration and maintenance of
trekking routes would be done. One multipurpose community building would be
constructed in a risk prone village for emergency purpose.
c) Damaged heritage sites would be managed for safe sightseeing activities for the
tourists.
d) Various programs would be brought to restore Himalayan tourism porters who have
become unemployed due to earthquake.

7. Crosscutting Issues
7.1Disaster risk reduction and preparedness
The Disaster risk prone places would be identified and mapped according to their risk
and impact. Following activities would be done in such identified areas;

7.1.1 Disaster risk reduction

a) The National Building Code must be implemented in all the village development
committees and municipalities affected by the earthquake.
 b) The concerned authority would update the National Building Code to make it
more practical and easy to understand, including the technical aspect of recent
earthquake.
c) Necessary training for the masons, laborers, contractors and engineers would be
conducted to make save and build back better.
d) A risk reduction plan of multi-disaster (including earthquake, flood, land slide
and land erosion) risk would be prepared and implemented in cooperation with the
concerned agencies.

7.1.2 Preparedness of disaster

a) The awareness programs for multi-disaster including earthquake, flood, land slide
and land erosion risk would be conducted in local level according to necessity, and it
would be disseminated through the media too.
b) Disaster preparedness subject should be incorporated in curriculum of all the
levels.
c) Formation of a community organization would be encouraged in villages for
disaster preparedness.
d) Pre information system of disaster would be developed and linked to Emergency
Service Operation Centre network. Capacity of all the Emergency Information
Management system would be enhanced.
e) The health and education service providers must maintain necessary instrument,
medicines, manpower in ready position for disaster preparedness.
f) Necessary update of disaster management manual would be done.
g) Universities would be encouraged to run classes on disaster risk like earthquake
engineering, engineering seismology, engineering geology, disaster risk reduction at
masters' level. If any university is running such classes they would be upgraded.

7.2Promotion of Public Private Partnership.

7.2.1 The private institutions, national and international NGOs and groups would be
involved in building construction and maintenance in government-approved
code, design and construction manual, and in coordination of government.
7.2.2 The government and NGOs would partner in improving damaged villages and
provide services and facilities in resettled villages.
7.2.3 The private, community and NGOs would be encouraged to involve in
construction of community school buildings, heath posts and public buildings.

7.3Gender equality and inclusion

7.3.1 The needs of differently able people, senior citizens and women while
restoration and reconstruction of physical and social infrastructures.
 7.3.2 The financial assistance provided by the government for the reconstruction of
personal residence would be channeled through bank account of the house
owner and his wife, as far as possible.
7.3.3 The child labor would be banned and equal wages for the men and women would
be ensured, in local construction.
7.3.4 At least one third women participation would be ensured, as far as possible, in
government run trainings and orientation programs.
7.3.5 The differently able people would be encouraged to take skill development
trainings, according to their choice, for income generation activities and self
employment.
7.3.6 The participation of women and differently able peoples' groups would be
ensured in decision making process of restoration and reconstruction works.
7.3.7 Necessary trainings, financial assistance and employment opportunities would
be provided to the youth To utilize their talent and creativity and involve them in
reconstruction activities, according to their wish and necessity.

7.4Environment conservation and climate change

7.4.1 The reusable things like concrete, bricks, soil, woods should be effectively reused
from debris of damaged structures, and those that are not usable should be
separately and safely managed.
7.4.2 The toxic materials from the damaged structures should be managed according
to the prescribed manual.
7.4.3 The supply of construction materials like stones, sand and wood during the
reconstruction and restoration should be made without harming nature.
7.4.4 Plantation and awareness programs on nature conservation should go hand in
hand while reconstruction and restoration.
7.4.5 Effective technology has to be adopted to reduce risk of land erosion and
construction of check dams in local rivers by evaluating the negative impact of
climate change.

7.5Trainings and popularization of secure construction method

7.5.1 Massive trainings should to be conducted for secure construction method. The
local engineers, sub-engineers, supervisors, masons, plumbers, electricians, bar
benders should be involved in such trainings. Priority should be given to the local
youth, women, and poor in such trainings.
7.5.2 Every district headquarters should construct one model earthquake resistance
house. One Building Technology Resource Centre also has to be established in
public school, community schools, technical centres or government training
centre. These centres should exhibit one traditional house and one earthquake
resistance model house so that the people can compare themselves.
 7.5.3 Polytechnic institute, training centres or technical institutes should be mobilized
in conducting massive training in coordination of vocational training centres, or
those institutes that are running such traing classes, for earthquake resistance
house construction..

7.6Good Governance, transparency and accountability

7.6.1 The approved manual, guidelines, directives, Acts and regulations should be
followed while conducting training, workshop and construction during
reconstruction and restoration. If possible, e-bidding has to be practiced
transparently, while purchasing goods and services. The purchase of goods and
services and its application has to be publicly notified like where and how it is
used.
7.6.2 The contract and agreement during the reconstruction and restoration has to be
published in websites or newspapers on regular basis for the public knowledge. The
government agencies should publicly publish balance sheets on government
approved format, whereas NGOs and private organizations should publish in their
own format.
7.6.3 The private institutions, community organizations, national and international
institutions should hold public hearing on their plan and programs. Likewise, they
also have to submit annual report at the National Reconstruction Authority (NRA) at
the end of fiscal year.
7.6.4 All the purchase and reconstruction process should be made public so that they
should be able to track digitally, if public want to know.

7.7Grievance and Redressal

7.7.1 Grievance Redressal Officer has to be appointed at the local level at a fixed place
to address the grievance, suggestion and complaints during the reconstruction
and restoration process. Likewise, Grievance and Redressal Centre at the NRA
should be notified.
7.7.2 The regular public hearing and technical and social auditing has to be conducted
in villages, to ensure the transparency.

8. Implementation management and Organizational Structural

8.1 A powerful National Reconstruction Authority has been established for the planned,
sustainable and stronger reconstruction of quake affected people, families and
structures, for relocation and resettlement providing people social justice in the
national interest. There is Advisory Council, Directorate and Executive Committee under
the authority. The authority will finalize its guidelines itself.

8.1.1 About Employees

 a) Nepal government will appoint one chief executive officer as administrative
chief, who will serve the authority full time.
b) The directorate will decide on organization structure of the authority.
c) The government will provide the staff for the authority. If government cannot
provide the authority will itself manage the staff.

8.1.2 A district coordination committee will be formed, under the chair of one of the
parliamentarians of the district, and chief district officer and local development
officer as members of the quake affected district, to coordinate reconstruction
and restoration.
8.1.3 The authority will establish offices according to necessity for the coordination of
reconstruction and restoration.
8.1.4 The government agencies, local agencies, security agencies, donor agencies,
national and international NGOs, private institutions, professional institutions,
cooperatives, social organizations, consumer groups, and volunteers would be
mobilized for reconstruction and restoration. The reconstruction coordinator
has the responsibility to divide the responsibility and manage them.
8.1.5 National and international people, community, organizations can be involved in
the reconstruction and restoration activities after the permission from the NRA,
and in coordination with Nepal institutions. The permission of local agency is a
must.
8.1.6 The district development committee and district administration offices will
create an environment for the NGOs to work freely in their prescribed area.

8.2Financial resource mobilization for reconstruction and restoration

8.2.1 Nepal government will establish a separate Reconstruction Fund for the
reconstruction and restoration. It will have contribution from government, Prime
Minister's Disaster Relief Fund, foreign person, institution and countries, and
Nepali institutions and persons.
8.2.2 The government appointed goodwill ambassador will collect funds by organizing
various programs in the country and outside the country.
8.2.3 The funds will also be mobilized from the International Philanthropic
Organizations for reconstruction and restoration.

8.3Retired Government Officials mobilization

Retired Government Officials including Nepal Police, Nepal Army, Armed Police Force,
and teachers will be mobilized for reconstruction and restoration, according to their
experiences.

8.4National Reconstruction Volunteers mobilization

 The volunteers for reconstruction and restoration will be mobilized like they have self
mobilized immediately after the earthquake. They will be mobilized accordingly;

8.4.1 Higher secondary, collage, university students of above 18 years would be

mobilized in a group near their own city or village for debris management,
temporary huts construction, schools, cultural buildings like temples and others
reconstruction. Various educational institutions will coordinate with concerned
governmental agencies according to their educational calendar.
8.4.2 Various political parties, heir sister organizations, social organizations,
professional and citizen organizations will work in the district in coordination of
local government agencies for a specified time period.
8.4.3 Foreign institutions, professional organizations, and individuals can also take
permission from Social Welfare Council and concerned district government and
work as volunteer in coordination of the local government body in a specified
place for a specified time period.
8.4.4 The local youth would be facilitated and trained with information in
coordination of concerned authority for reconstruction.

8.5Non Resident Nepalese and Returned Migrant workers mobilization

8.5.1 Non Resident Nepalese, Foreigners of Nepali origins and Returned Migrant
workers will be mobilized for reconstruction and restoration, according to their
expertise, skill and financial capacity by preparing a guideline.
8.5.2 A package program will be announced for the migrant Nepali youth, who wants
to return Nepal for reconstruction and restoration. Those who are ready to
migrate but wants to work in back home would also be encouraged to work in
Nepal through Youth Self Employment Fund.

9. Miscellaneous
9.1Earthquake Memorial
9.1.1 An Earthquake Memorial would be constructed in memory of those, who lost
their lives in devastating earthquake of April 25, and also those Nepal Police,
Army personals, government staff, foreign army personals, and volunteers, who
lost and injured their lives during rescue, relief and rehabilitation.
9.1.2 An earthquake park will also be constructed in appropriate places of the worse
hit districts, in the memory of those, who lost their lives and injured.

9.2 Mass media, artiste and literatures mobilizations

9.2.1 The mass media, artiste and literatures will be mobilized in reconstruction and
restoration, also to publicize government and local development policy,
 programs and work plans to inform the public. The electronic medium like radio,
television, online, print media, will be mobilized in planned way. The local cable
television and FM radios will specially be mobilized.
9.2.2 The poster, pamphlet, booklets will be prepared in local languages and
distributed to sensitize the rural and urban populace on technology of safe
building construction.
9.2.3 Artists will be mobilized to inform the people of disaster risk reduction through
television and radio program, street play, concerts and Lok Dohari.
9.2.4 An Earthquake Memorial Book will be published to document the 2015 April 25
earthquake, rescue, relief, and rehabilitation and reconstruction process.

9.3 Smooth availability of construction materials

9.3.1 The supply of construction materials like stone, mud, iron, wood, corrugated
sheets,, nets, cement, sand and bamboo would be made easier. Necessary
arrangements will be made to use the local natural resources like woods.
9.3.2 The government and industry will coordinate in availing raw materials, energy
and manpower to fully operate the industries that manufacture construction
materials locally.

9.4Development of Earthquake technology

9.4.1 Earthquake Technology Research centre will be established to study and
research on earthquake, in coordination of Nepal Academy of Science and
Technology (NAST), universities and institutions that research on earthquake.
The capacity of NAST will also be enhanced. The educational institutions that are
running earthquake engineering courses and disaster risk reduction will also be
upgraded, apart from establishing such centres in other institutions. Also.
9.4.2 Upgradation of seismological centre for earthquake measurement, data
collection, analyzing, and public notification would be done. New seismological
centres will be established according to the need.

9.5Monitoring and Evaluation

9.5.1 An independent institution will be established to monitor the reconstruction and
restoration processes; either they are done according to government approved
policy, guidelines and procedures. The result-oriented evaluation process will be
implemented.
9.5.2 There will be central parliamentarian monitoring committee, and directives
committee for central monitoring, whereas all party monitoring and directive
committee will be in district level.
9.5.3 National Vigilance Centre will evaluate technical aspects of the reconstruction
and restoration.
9.6Prize and commendation
There is a commendation of people including army, civil, foreign army and civil
personals, volunteers, national and international institutions for their involvement in
post earthquake rescue, relief and rehabilitation, and reconstruction and restoration.

9.7Revision of Policy and Act

9.7.1 The authority will help revise the Acts, policy, regulation, and guidelines in
coordination of the concerned government agency, for the reconstruction and
restoration according to this Policy.
9.7.2 If there is any confusion on the policy, the NRA has the authority to further
explanation.

The End