oTIVATIONAL ACTIVITY “toy out these funnies, Try 08 ino can be the one ro sing " sein canbe he oe Sing tapy bay” wih he sds ie Have a short orarory contes using the fllowing announcement Se who can recite ase eloquently With fone of voice, gestures and fc sprenion ‘Duc to upcoming repairs on the underwater pipeline net tne pvater pipeline, trafic is expected tobe heavy sangthis area. Motorists ae advised ro seek ee ie Hows do I love the? Let me count the ways {ove the tothe depth and breadth and bight My soul ca reach, when feeling out of sight For the ends of Being and ideal Grace. love thet the level of everyday’ ‘Mest quiet ned, by sn and candlelg lowe shee frely, as men strive for Right; love thee purely. as they turn from Pra love the with a pasion put 1 we In my old grief, and with my hildbood' fut love thee with a love I seemed to lose Wruh my los saints, --- I love thee with the breath Smile, tears, of all my lif! = and, if God home, shall but love thee better after death XLIT. "How do [love thee? Let me count the ways.” by Elizabeth Barrecc Browning (1806-1861) 2, Visit che i-learnwvibalpublishing.com. You will listen to two audio interactions showing proper and improper turn-taking, Explain several differences between the discussion with proper turn-taking and the one with improper turn-taking, READ COMMUNICATION STRATEGIES Gommunication strategies are attempts by participants in a communication activity but mainly by the speaker 10 express his or her ideas in a way chat minimizes 2 treakdown in communication. There ate many communication strategies employed by Giferent speakers and even by listeners. However, only nomination, restriction, urn taking, topic contol, copic shifting, repair, and termination will be discussed here ‘These strategies, which can be collectively dese tobe yeryimporane in ensuring smooth incration between speakers and listeners sd as topic management, are considered * Nominatior! [Ar the stare of a discussion or speech, the topic must be identified or nominated. ‘Topic nomination is done in many ways. Nominating a topic allows the listeners or audience to vane in to the topic, recall background information they have about i and Prepare them to listen co what is 0 be said about the topic. Good topic nominationexpressions can be used f helps prevent communication breakdown. Several forms oF exPres0 Sed for topic nomination: Let's talk about... I would like to talk about... Today I am going to discuss/talk about... * Restriction eh [A speaker must restrict the topic of discussion to make it specific enough to be ‘manageable, This restriction is determined and limited by the amouns of time given to a speaker. Since the time is limited, the speaker must make it clear to the audience where he or she restricts the discussion. A topic must be restricted so that it can be properly discussed fully, resulting in becter communication. For example, a broad topic may require more than an hour to discuss. but a topic that is properly restricted would have enough time for discussion and even questions. Given such time, enough details ‘can be given to support the speaker’ assertion. + Turn-taking ‘Turn-taking during a discussion involves changing from one speaker to another in a ‘way that does not disrupe the communication process, In proper turn-taking, speakers ‘must know when to take their turn or allow others to speak, This means one speaker should not rake too much time in speaking. To do this, participants need to be sensitive to signals that show when they can speak. * Topic Control Topic control means the speaker should focts onthe topic without saying int other discussions. The speaker must not allow any incidental mention of other topics from away fom what he or she is talking about. In addition, ‘must not give extended illustrations that are too long such that the audience force's ‘connection to the topic. : the speaker * Topic Shifting ‘When changing fom one topic another, the speaker shoul pre oa Inert ehang The hag: mised al SP th ans that signal a change of topic. pea uaing Khown expres Topic shifting as a shift in communicative 5 listeners who are not ready fora shifein topic my feeling that ni speaker has not lly discusied he top “Topic shifting asa shife in communicative str of che speaker. A shift from a ropic in whlch iene Me? eter celadonlt the listeners are not may cause the listeners to become unineme it MHS ani the speaks, On We Other hand, wen the epic se pee eae ee Ustenes are nor interested into one in which they ae, he ooo i which Positive attitude toward the speaker and the message, “TeTS May develop a more Foxms used when sifting opcinchue the folletng. Let us now turn to the issueltopic of... e T will now talk about In addition to (current topic), trategy may affect the message. Some ay develop different reactions such as ‘herein also the (exe rap)+ Repal Sumetine ep 's misunderstood by the audience. In this case, the speaker must cdarify wha is saying. Particularattention must be given tothe piece of utterance chat produced misunderstanding. The speaker must repaie this miscommunication by rephrasing or using other words that express che meaning better to his or her audience. Sometimes, the misunderstanding is brought about by mispronunciation or any other ei the physical production of speech, In this case, the speaker must restate what Repairing as a shift in communicative strategy can affect che delivery of a message and the duration of the interaction, It may bog down communication, limiting che interaction to just the speaker and the person who misunderstood the speaker. It may also cause the discussion or speech to deviate from the flow of speech as intended by the speaker, getting other listeners to get bored and impatient. However, a good speaker of discussant can repair the communication in a way chat minimizes distraction and refocuses the discussion on the topic and on proper flow of communication. Ser forms can be conveniently used to signal repair. They include the following: mean. What I mean is... Lec me rephrase that... In other words... Let me say that again... + Termination [Any speech of discussion must be terminated properly. Without doing so, the listeners or participants would be left wondering what happened to the discussion and will not understand whether the topic was fully discussed or not. Qne way to terminate a speech ‘ota discussion is to restate the main idea ofthe speech in away that is memorable to the listeners. Another isto give a summary of the discussion. Sometimes the speaker uses familiar forms that signal termination ofa speech or discussion, Forms used to terminate a discussion or a speech include the following: Let me end by saying, In conclusion. In summar ‘We were able to discuss Js like any process, communication can be done properly and successfully using strargies that promote clarity and understanding, Youcan improve your communication skills by applying the above-mentioned strategies. Preventing Breakdown in Communication ‘A.breakelowen in commianication is always possible in any interaction, However, we can minimize communication breakdown by employing several strategies. This includes asking for clarification, repetition, rephrasing, wing non-verbal language, and building on ‘what ovhers have said, These strategies can be collectively described as communication support strategies.