Introduction to Colon

Cancer
Colon cancer, also known as colorectal cancer, is a type of cancer that
begins in the large intestine. It usually starts as small, noncancerous
clumps of cells called polyps that can develop into cancer over time.
Stages of Colon Cancer
Stage 0 Stage I Stage II

Also known as carcinoma in Cancer has grown into the Cancer has spread beyond the
situ, where abnormal cells are inner layer of the colon wall, inner layer to the outer layers
only in the innermost lining of but not spread beyond it. of the colon wall.
the colon.
Spread of Colon Cancer

1 2

Lymphatic System Bloodstream

Cancer cells can travel through lymph vessels Microscopic cancer cells can break away from
to nearby and distant lymph nodes. the primary tumor and spread to other parts
of the body.
Most Common Site for Colon Cancer
1 Rectum and Sigmoid Colon
This is where the majority of colon
cancer cases occur.
2 Right Colon
Cancer in this area tends to be
diagnosed at more advanced stages
due to limited early symptoms.
 TYPE OF
COLON CANCER
Adenocarcinoma
carcinoid tumors
Gastrointestinal tumors
Lymphoma
Treatment Options for Different Stages
Early Stages
Surgery is often the primary treatment, with
potential chemotherapy or radiation therapy.
Advanced Stages
Combination therapy involving surgery,
chemotherapy, and targeted therapy may be
recommended.
Prognosis and Survival Rates
Stage 0 Over 90% 5-year survival rate

Stage IV Approximately 14% 5-year survival rate

Risk Factors for Colon Cancer
1 Age and Family History
Most cases occur in individuals over 50. Family history of colon polyps or cancer
increases the risk.

2 Lifestyle and Diet

Diets high in red and processed meats and low in fiber may increase the risk of
developing colon cancer.

3 Personal habits
Smoking, excessive alcohol consumption, and a sedentary lifestyle contribute to the
risk.
Clinical Manifestation of Colon
Cancer

Abdominal Pain Unexplained Weight Bleeding

Persistent abdominal
Loss
discomfort is a common Rapid and unexplained weight
symptom of colon cancer. loss is often seen in individuals
with advanced colon cancer.
Blood in the stool or rectal
bleeding should be promptly
evaluated.
Screening and Diagnosis
Colonoscopy
It is the most effective way to
detect and prevent colon
cancer.
Stool Tests
These can detect hidden
blood in the stool that may
indicate the presence of
cancer.
Biopsy
Tissue samples are examined
under a microscope to look
for cancer cells.
Medical
Management/Treatment/Drugs

1 2 3 4

Surgery Chemotherapy Immunothera Radiation

Removal of Drugs are used to kill
py Therapy
cancerous parts of cancer cells or stop Boosts the body's High-energy
the colon is a them from growing. immune system to radiation is used to
common treatment fight cancer. destroy cancer cells.
option.
Nursing Interventions
1 Pain Management
Providing relief from pain and
discomfort through medication or
alternative therapies.
2 Emotional support
Offering patients emotional support,
counseling, and coping strategies.

3 Education
Teaching patients about their condition and how to manage their symptoms.
Health Teachings
Eating a Healthy Diet Emphasize consumption of fruits, vegetables,
and whole grains.

Regular Exercise Encourage engaging in physical activity for at

least 30 minutes a day.

Regular Screening Urge regular colon cancer screenings for

individuals over 50 or at high risk.
Conclusion and Resources
Prevention Support Groups Medical
Emphasize on the Inform about available Consultation
importance of screenings support groups and Encourage individuals to
and a healthy lifestyle in community resources for seek medical advice and
preventing colon cancer. cancer patients. consult healthcare
professionals regularly.