Grade

TLE-ICT

MODULE 3

PREPARING AND INTERPRETING

TECHNICAL DRAWING
Introduction

This module was designed to guide you in identifying the different types of
technical drawings. You will learn to identify the basic symbols used in the flowcharting
and interpreting it into a real-life situation. You will be able to learn and experience the
basic electronic schematic diagram. And also, you will learn to store technical drawings
and equipment in proper procedure.

Lesson
Identify and Interpret Symbols
1

Before we proceed to our lesson, let us have a review of the previous. Can you
identify at least one component to be measured? Do you know what is RAM? Can you
draw it in your CSS activity notebook? If you can, how did you familiarize yourself with
the component? Do you know that in this lesson you will be able to familiarize and
identify the different symbols used by computers? All you need to do is to follow the
symbols used in technical activities involve in Computer Systems Servicing.

What’s New

What can you say about the sign in the picture below? Do you still want to touch
on that thing? How about if there was no sign appeared on and accidentally you hold
on it? What should you do? Now let us know how important the symbol in dealing with
the danger is. Just like using the computer, you need to know some symbols to be
aware of what was it means.

https://www.google.com/search?q=elect
ric+shock+hazard+symbol&tbm

Computer Symbols

There are thousands of symbols used by computers today to represent a

function, specification, certification, company, or warning. For example, one of the
most recognizable symbols is an almost full circle with a vertical line at the top that
indicates power. Let us identify the most commonly displayed symbols used with
computers and electronics, with a brief description of what each symbol means.

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 Note that most symbols are not standardized, which means the symbols shown
below may not match your software program or hardware device. However, these
symbols should be close enough to what you are looking for that you can identify the
meaning of each symbol.

General Symbols

1. A question mark symbol represents a question and allows you to

access help or online documentation.

2. A light bulb icon symbol represents a tip or an idea. For example, on

this page, we have several tips that can be quickly identified with the
light bulb next to the word "Tip."

3. The gear symbol indicates a configuration or settings option. For

example, many programs use a gear icon for buttons that allow you to
adjust a program's settings. Online services may use a gear icon for
the area that lets you change your account settings.

4. A symbol with a wrench or a wrench and screwdriver is another

symbol that can be used in place of the gear to indicate an area to
adjust the settings or other options.

5. A speech bubble symbol is used in communications to indicate there

is a message that needs to be read or that someone is typing a
message. For example, on an iPhone, the Messages icon and each
of its messages uses the speech bubble symbol and when someone
is typing a speech bubble with three periods is shown.

6. The check mark symbol indicates completion or that something is ok.

For example, a download dialog box may show a green check mark
when the download is complete.

7. A plus symbol or a horizontal line crossing a vertical line is also a

symbol used as an indication to increase, add, move down, or zoom in
on software programs and hardware devices.

8. A minus symbol or a horizontal line is a symbol used as an indication for

decreasing, removing, moving up, or zooming out on software
programs and hardware devices. On a Microsoft Windows keyboard,
the minus or underscore is also shown on the top-right side of a
window to represent the minimize feature.

9. A circle with a line through it is a symbol that represents cancel or

stop and may be over the top of another symbol. For example,
a speaker symbol with this over it indicates mute. Tip: this symbol
may also be represented by an X.

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10. Three arrows going around a triangle is a symbol that represents
recycle or recycling. Anything with this symbol that is not crossed
out should be recycled.

11. A symbol with a series of boxes and jagged lines with boxes in the
corners like that shown here is a QR Code and used to store
information for scanning. For example, you could scan the QR code
shown here to open the Computer Hope web page. Similar markings
could also be a matrix code or a barcode.

12. A padlock symbol is used to represent when anything is locked or

secure. For example, a keyboard key with a lock can give you the
option to lock the computer.

13. A calendar icon is used to represent an option that allows the user to
view a calendar, view date related information, or schedule an event.

14. The thumbtack symbol is used to represent the ability to pin an object
to the screen. For example, with web applications and some web
pages, you may be able to pin individual elements you enjoy viewing
to the top of a page for quick viewing.

15. A symbol of a folder represents an area capable of storing

other files and folders on a computer.

16. A symbol of a trash can or a recycle bin is a symbol used to

represent deleting a file or another object on the computer and may
be a container for any deleted items.

17. The fire symbol can have many different meanings when used on
a computer, software program, or an Internet web page. The first
meaning is that the item is hot and could mean that it is critical,
important, or popular and should be looked at first. In some e-mail
programs and services, the fire symbol represents junk, and is a
location where all spam and other junk e-mails are stored.

18. A C with a circle surrounding it is used to represent a Copyright. For

example, at the bottom of many web pages (including this page) the
Copyright symbol or (c) may be shown to indicate the content on the
page is Copyrighted.

19. An R with a circle surrounding it is used to represent a registered

mark. For example, this mark may be seen by a company logo or
brand name that is a registered mark.

20. A TM with a circle surrounding it or TM by itself is used to represent

a trademark

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 Lesson
Electrical/Electronic Schematic
2

Schematic Diagram

Circuit or schematic diagrams consist of symbols representing physical

components and lines representing wires or electrical conductors. To learn how to read
a circuit diagram, it is necessary to learn what the schematic symbol of a component
looks like. It is also necessary to understand how the components are connected in
the circuit.

https://www.startingelectronics.org

Circuit Symbols and Physical Components

Each electronic or electrical component is represented by a symbol as can be

seen in this simple circuit diagram. Lines used to connect the symbols represent
conductors or wires. Each symbol represents a physical component that may look as
follows.

https://www.startingelectronics.org

4
 Component References
Components in a circuit should always have references, also called reference
designators, used to identify the components in the circuit. This allows the components
to easily be referenced in text or a component list. A battery may have the reference
designator "BAT" and a light bulb may have a reference "L".
Because there could be more than one battery or light bulb in a circuit,
reference designators will usually always end with a number, e.g. BAT1 and L1 as
shown in the circuit below. A second light bulb in the circuit would then have the
reference designator L2.

https://www.startingelectronics.org

Parallel Circuit Example

In the circuit below, two light bulbs are connected in parallel to a battery power
source. It can be seen that the top terminals of the two light bulbs are connected and
to the positive terminal of the battery. We know this because the three terminals or
connection points have a node where they intersect.
The bottom terminals of the bulbs are connected and the negative terminal of
the battery because the second node shows these connections.

https://www.startingelectronics.org

Series Circuit Example

In the series circuit below, two light bulbs are connected in series. No nodes
are necessary in this circuit to show the bulbs connecting and the battery because
single wires are connecting straight to each other. Nodes are only placed if three or
more wires are connected.

5
 https://www.startingelectronics.org

Common Electrical/Electronic Circuit Symbols

Component Circuit Symbol Description

Used to connect one component to

Wire Wire Circuit Symbol another.

One device may be connected to

another through wires. This is
represented by drawing “blobs” on
the point where they are shorted.
Wires
Joined Wires Joined Circuit Symbol

When circuits are drawn some wires

may not touch others. This can only
be shown by bridging them or by
drawing them without blobs. But
bridging is commonly practiced as
there will not arise any confusion.
Unjoined Wires Not Joined Circuit
Wires Symbol

A battery has more than a cell and is

used for the same purpose. The
smaller terminal is negative and the
larger one is positive. Abbreviated
as ‘B’.
Battery Battery Circuit Symbol

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 Used as a DC power supply, that is,
the current will always flow in one
DC Supply DC Supply Circuit Symbol direction.

Used as AC power supply, that is,

the current will keep alternating
AC Supply AC Supply Circuit Symbol directions.

Used in circuits where a probability

of excessive current flows. The fuse
will break the circuit if excessive
current flows and saves the other
Fuse Fuse Circuit Symbol devices from damage.

Used as an ac power supply.

Consists of two coils, the primary
and secondary that are linked
together through an iron core. There
is no physical connection between
the two coils. The principle of mutual
inductance is used to obtain power.
Abbreviated as ‘T’.
Transformer Transformer Circuit Symbol

Used in electronic circuits to

represent the 0 volts of the power
supply. It can also be defined as the
real earth , when it is applied in radio
circuits and power circuits.
Earth/Ground Earth Circuit Symbol

A resistor is used to restrict the

amount of current flow through a
Resistor Resistor Circuit Symbol device. Abbreviated as ‘R’.

A rheostat is used to control the

current flow with two contacts.
Applicable in controlling lamp
brightness, capacitor charge rate,
Rheostat Rheostat Circuit Symbol etc.

A potentiometer is used to control

the voltage flow and has three
contacts. Have applications in
Potentiometer Potentiometer Circuit Symbol changing a mechanical angle

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 change to an electrical parameter.
Abbreviated as ‘POT’.

Capacitor is a device that is used

to store electrical energy. It consists
of two metals plates that are
separated by a dielectric. It is
applicable as a filter, that is, to
block DC signals and allow AC
signals. Abbreviated with the letter
Capacitor Capacitor Circuit Symbol ‘C’.

Capacitor – Capacitor-Polarized Circuit Capacitor can be used in a timer

Polarized Symbol circuit by adding a resistor.

Used to vary the capacitance by

turning the knob. A type of variable
capacitor is the trimmer capacitor
that is small in size. The notations
are all the same.
Variable Variable Capacitor Circuit
Capacitor Symbol

A diode is used to allow electric

current to flow in only one direction.
Abbreviated as ‘D’.
Diode Diode Circuit Symbol

LED is used to emit light when a

current is passed through the
device. It is abbreviated as LED.
Light Emitting
Diode (LED) LED Circuit Symbol

After a breakdown voltage, the

device allows current to flow in the
reverse direction as well. It is
abbreviated as ‘Z’.
Zener Diode Zener Diode Circuit Symbol

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 Photodiode works as a photo-
detector and converts light into its
corresponding voltage or current.
Photo Diode Photo Diode Circuit Symbol

Tunnel Diode is known for its high-

speed operation due to its
application in quantum mechanical
effects.
Tunnel Diode Tunnel Diode Circuit Symbol

The Schottky Diode is known for its

large forward voltage drop and
hence has great applications in
switching circuits.
Schottky Diode Circuit
Schottky Diode Symbol

This is a transistor with a layer of P-

doped semiconductor fixed
between two layers of N-doped
semiconductors that act as the
emitter and collector. Abbreviated
as ‘Q’.
NPN Transistor NPN Circuit
Transistor Symbol

This is a transistor with a layer of N-

doped semiconductor fixed
between two layers of P-doped
semiconductors that act as the
emitter and collector. Abbreviated
as ‘Q’.
PNP Transistor PNP Circuit
Transistor Symbol

The working of a phototransistor is

similar to that of a bipolar transistor
with a difference that it converts
light into its corresponding current.
The phototransistor can also act as
a photodiode if the emitter is not
connected.
Phototransistor Circuit
Phototransistor Symbol

Voltmeter is used to measure the

voltage at a certain point in the
circuit.
Voltmeter Voltmeter Circuit Symbol

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 An Ammeter is used to measure the
current that passes through the
circuit at a particular point.
Ammeter Ammeter Circuit Symbol

A galvanometer is used to measure

very small currents in the order of 1
milli ampere or less.
Galvanometer Circuit
Galvanometer Symbol

Resistance of the circuit is

measured using an Ohmmeter.
Ohmmeter Ohmmeter Circuit Symbol

An oscilloscope is used to measure

the voltage and time period of
signals along with their shape
display.
Oscilloscope Oscilloscope Circuit Symbol

This is an ordinary switch that

passes current only upon pressing.
Push Switch Push Switch Circuit Symbol

The push to break switch is usually

kept in the ON state (closed). It
turns to OFF state (open) only
when the switch is pressed.
Push to Break Push to Break Switch Circuit
Switch Symbol

Also known as the ON/OFF switch.

This switch allows the flow of
current only when it is kept ON.
Singe Pole
Abbreviated as SPST.
Single Throw On Off Switch (SPST) Circuit
Switch Symbol

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 Also known as the 2-way switch. It
can be also called as an
ON/OFF/ON switch as it has an
OFF position in the center. The
switch causes the flow of current in
two directions, depending on its
position. It can be abbreviated as
Single Pole
SPDT.
Double Throw 2-Way Switch (SPDT) Circuit
Switch Symbol

Abbreviated as DPST. Can also be

called as a dual ON-OFF switch.
This is used to isolate between the
live and neutral connections in the
Double Pole
main electrical line.
Single Throw Dual On-Off Switch (DPST)
Switch Circuit Symbol

Abbreviated as DPDT. The switch

uses a central OFF position and is
applied as reversing switch for
Double Pole
motors.
Double Throw
Switch DPDT Circuit Symbol

Relay is abbreviated as ‘RY’. This

device can easily switch a 230 Volt
AC mains circuit. It has three
switching stages called Normally
Open (NO). Normally Closed (NC),
and Common (COM).
Relay Relay Circuit Symbol

This device is used for converting

sound to its corresponding
electrical energy. Abbreviated as
‘MIC’.
Microphone Microphone Circuit Symbol

Does the reverse process of

microphone and converts electrical
energy into sound.
Earphone Earphone Circuit Symbol

Does the same operation as an

earphone, but converts an
Loudspeaker Loudspeaker Circuit Symbol amplified version of the electrical

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 energy into its corresponding
sound.

It is a transducer that converts

electrical energy into sound.
Piezo- PiezoTransducer Circuit
Transducer Symbol

Used to amplify a signal. It is mainly

used to represent a whole circuit
rather than just one component.
Amplifier Amplifier Circuit Symbol

This device is used to

transmit/receive signals.
Abbreviated as ‘AE’.
Aerial Aerial Circuit Symbol

This is used to provide light for the

output.
Lighting Lamp Lamp Circuit Symbol

Used to convert electrical energy

into light. The best example is the
warning light on a car dashboard.
Indicator Lamp Lamp Indiator Circuit Symbol

This transducer is used to change

electrical energy into heat.
Heater Heater Circuit Symbol

Inductor is used to produce a

magnetic field when a certain
current is passed through a coil of
wire. The wire is coiled on a soft
iron core. Have applications in
motors, and tank circuits.
Abbreviated as ‘L’.
Inductor Inductor Circuit Symbol

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 This device is used to convert
electrical energy into mechanical
energy. Can be used as a
generator as well. Abbreviated as
‘M’.
Motor Motor Circuit Symbol

Used to produce a sound as the

output, according to the electrical
energy produced as the input.
Bell Bell Circuit Symbol

It is used to produce an output

sound corresponding to the
electrical energy in the input.
Buzzer Buzzer Circuit Symbol

It is abbreviated as LDR. Light

Dependent Resistor is used to
convert light into its corresponding
resistance. Instead of directly
Light measuring the light, it senses the
Dependent heat content and converts it onto
Resistor (LDR) LDR Circuit Symbol resistance.

Instead of directly measuring the

light, a thermistor senses the heat
content and converts it into
resistance. Abbreviated as ‘TH’.
Thermistor Thermistor Circuit Symbol

Logic Gate Symbols

Gate Standard Symbol IEC Symbol Description

If all the inputs of an

AND gate are HIGH,
then the output will
also be HIGH. If any
one of them is LOW,
the output will also be
LOW.
AND AND Gate IEC
Gate AND GATE Symbol Symbol

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 Short form for NOT
AND Gate. Of all the
inputs are HIGH, the
output will be LOW. If
any one input is LOW,
the output will be
HIGH.
NAND NAND Gate IEC
Gate NAND Gate Symbol Symbol

If any one of the input

is HIGH, the output will
also be HIGH. If both
inputs are LOW, the
output will also be
LOW.
OR
Gate OR Gate Symbol OR Gate IEC Symbol

Short form for NOT

OR. If both inputs are
LOW, the output will
also be LOW. For
other cases, the
output will be HIGH.
NOR NOR Gate IEC
Gate NOR Gate Symbol Symbol

Short form for

Exclusive NOR. If both
inputs are either in
LOW state r HIGH
state, the output will be
LOW. If both inputs
are different, the
EX-
output will be HIGH.
OR EX-OR Gate IEC
Gate EX-OR Gate Symbol Symbol

Also known as the

inverter Gate. There is
only one input for this
gate. If the input is
HIGH, the output will
be LOW. If the input is
LOW, the output will
be HIGH.
NOT
Gate NOT Gate Symbol NOT Gate Symbol

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ACTIVITY PROPER

ACTIVITY 1

Before starting with this module, let us find out what you already know about Preparing
and Interpreting Technical Drawing (PITD). Follow and answer the activity below.
Directions: Identify the following computer symbols below. Select the words of the
correct answer inside the box. Write your answer in your CSS activity
notebook.

1. 6. 11. 16.

2. 7. 12. 17.

3. 8. 13. 18.

4. 9. 14. 19.

5. 10. 15. 20.

Folder Fire Trademark Calendar

Cancel/Stop QR Code Registered Mark Trash can
Padlock Plus Recycle Minus
Thumbtack Check mark Bulb Question mark
Gear Copyright Speech bubble Wrench/Screw

Activity 2. Draw Me Know.

Directions: Draw a circuit symbol of the following electrical/electronic components

below. Draw your output in your CSS activity notebook.
1. Capacitor

2. Resistor

3. Diode

4. Transformer

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 5. Earth/Ground

Activity 3

Directions: Fill in the blank to make the sentence correct, write your answer in your
CSS activity notebook.

1. A _________ symbol represents a question and allows you to access help or online
documentation.
2. A light bulb icon symbol represents a_______ or an ________.
3. The ________ symbol indicates a configuration or settings option.
4. A symbol with a __________ is another symbol that can be used in place of the
gear to indicate an area to adjust the settings or other options.
5. A _______symbol is used in communications to indicate there is a message that
needs to be read or that someone is typing a message.
6. The ________ symbol indicates completion or that something is ok.
7. A circle with a line through it is a symbol that represents ________ or
_________and may be over the top of another symbol.
8. Three arrows going around a triangle is a symbol that represents _____.
9. A ______ symbol is used to represent when anything is locked or secure.
10. A________ icon is used to represent an option that allows the user to view
a calendar, view date related information, or schedule an event.