03 ComponentLibraryOverview译文

Translated by CQU Team Lu
TRNSYS 18 – Standard Component Library Overview
TRNSYS 18
a TRaNsient SYstem Simulation program
Volume 3
S ta n d a r d C o mp o n e n t L i b r a r y
Ov e rv ie w
标准组件库概述
Solar Energy
Laboratory, Univ. of Wisconsin-Madison
http://sel.me.wisc.edu/trnsys
TRANSSOLAR Energietechnik GmbH

http://www.trnsys.de
cstb–中央科学技术研究所。CSTB – Centre Scientifique et

Technique du Bâtiment
http:\/\/software.cstb.fr 网站。http://software.cstb.fr
TESS——热能系统专家。 TESS – Thermal

Energy Systems Specialists
http://www.tess-inc.com
About This Manual

The information presented in this manual is intended to provide a quick overview of
the Standard Component Library in TRNSYS 18. This manual is not intended to provide
detailed reference information about the TRNSYS simulation software and its utility
programs. More details can be found in other parts of the TRNSYS documentation set.
The latest version of this manual is always available for registered users on the TRNSYS
website (see here below).
3–1
修订历史 Revision history

 2004-09 For TRNSYS 16.00.0000  2005-02 For TRNSYS 16.00.0037
2011-11 For TRNSYS 17.01.0000  2014-05 For TRNSYS 17.02.0000
 2017-03 For TRNSYS 18.00.0008
在哪里可以找到更多信息。Where to find more information

有关该程序及其可用性的进一步信息可以从 TrnSys 网站或 TrnSysAssivals:。Further
information about the program and its availability can be obtained from the TRNSYS
website or from the TRNSYS coordinator:
Trnsys 协调员。TRNSYS Coordinator 电子邮箱： techsupport@tess-

inc.com
热能系统专家有限责任公司 22 North Carroll
Email: techsupport@tess-inc.com
Street–Suite 370 Madison，WI 53703–美国。
Thermal Energy System Specialists, LLC 22 North
Carroll Street – suite 370 Madison, WI 53703 –
U.S.A.
TrnSys: 网站: http://sel.me.wisc.edu/trnsys TRNSYS website: http://sel.me.wisc.edu/trnsys
通知。Notice
这份报告是为美国政府部分赞助的工作作准备的。美国或美国能源部，或其任何雇员，或其
任何承包商、分包商或雇员，包括但不限于威斯康星大学太阳能实验室，均不作任何明示或
暗示的保证，或对所披露的任何信息、装置、产品或工艺的准确性、完整性或有用性承担任
何责任或责任，或声明其使用不会侵犯私有权利。
This report was prepared as an account of work partially sponsored by the United States
Government. Neither the United States or the United States Department of Energy, nor
any of their employees, nor any of their contractors, subcontractors, or employees,
including but not limited to the University of Wisconsin Solar Energy Laboratory, makes
any warranty, expressed or implied, or assumes any liability or responsibility for the
accuracy, completeness or usefulness of any information, apparatus, product or
process disclosed, or represents that its use would not infringe privately owned rights.
2017 威斯康星大学麦迪逊分校太阳能实验室。
© 2017 by the Solar Energy Laboratory, University of Wisconsin-Madison
本文档中描述的软件是根据许可协议提供的。本手册和软件只能根据许可协议的条款使用或
复制。未经威斯康星大学麦迪逊分校太阳能实验室事先书面同意，不得以任何形式或通过任
何方式复制或复制本手册的任何部分，除非该许可证允许。
The software described in this document is furnished under a license agreement. This
manual and the software may be used or copied only under the terms of the license
agreement. Except as permitted by any such license, no part of this manual may be
copied or reproduced in any form or by any means without prior written consent from the
3–2
Solar Energy Laboratory, University of Wisconsin-Madison.
Trnsys 贡献者。TRNSYS Contributors
S.A. Klein W.A. Beckman J.W. Mitchell
J.A. Duffie N.A. Duffie T.L. Freeman
J.C. Mitchell J.E. Braun B.L. Evans
J.P. Kummer R.E. Urban A. Fiksel
J.W. Thornton N.J. Blair P.M. Williams
D.E. Bradley T.P. McDowell M. Kummert
D.A. Arias M.J. Duffy
开发标准库中包含的组件的其他贡献者在第 4 卷中列出。
Additional contributors who developed components that have been included in the
Standard Library are listed in Volume 4.
第 5 卷列出了建筑模型（类型 56）及其接口（trnbuild）的贡献者。
Contributors to the building model (Type 56) and its interface (TRNBuild) are listed in
Volume 5.
Trnsys Simulation Studio 的贡献者在第 2 卷中列出。
Contributors to the TRNSYS Simulation Studio are listed in Volume 2.
目录 TABLE OF CONTENTS
3.标准组件库概述 3–8 3. STANDARD COMPONENT LIBRARY OVERVIEW 3–8
3.1.简介 3–8。3.1. Introduction 3–8
3.2.组成部分的主要类别 3–8。3.2. Main categories of components 3–8
3.3.组件的子类别 3–9。3.3. Subcategories of components 3–9
3.4.3-14 类可用部件概述。3.4. Overview of available components in each category3–14
3.4.1.控制器 3–14。3.4.1. Controllers 3–14
3.4.1.1.5 级房间恒温器 3–14。3.4.1.1. 5-Stage Room Thermostat 3–14
3.4.1.2.基本 Aquastat 3–14。3.4.1.2. Basic Aquastat 3–14
3.4.1.3.基本湿度控制 3–15。3.4.1.3. Basic Humidity Control 3–15
3.4.1.4.延迟输入 3–15。3.4.1.4. Delayed Inputs 3–15
3.4.1.5.差动控制器 W_滞后 3–15。3.4.1.5. Differential Controller w_ Hysteresis 3–15
3.4.1.6.迭代反馈控制器 3–17。3.4.1.6. Iterative Feedback Controller 3–17
3.4.1.7.微处理器控制器 3–17。3.4.1.7. Microprocessor Controller 3–17
3–3
3.4.1.8.PID 控制器 3–17。3.4.1.8. PID Controller 3–17
3.4.1.9.简单恒温器 3–17。3.4.1.9. Simple Thermostat 3–17
3.4.1.10.回火阀控制 3–18。3.4.1.10. Tempering Valve Control 3–18
3.4.2.电气 3–18。3.4.2. Electrical 3–18
3.4.2.1.电池 3–18。3.4.2.1. Batteries 3–18
3.4.2.2.母线 3–20。3.4.2.2. Busbar 3–20
3.4.2.3.柴油机（DEGS）3–20。3.4.2.3. Diesel Engine (DEGS) 3–20
3.4.2.4.小型电网控制器 3–21。3.4.2.4. MiniGrid Controller 3–21
3.4.2.5.光伏板 3–21。3.4.2.5. Photovoltaic Panels 3–21
3.4.2.6.功率调节 3–23。3.4.2.6. Power Conditioning 3–23
3.4.2.7.调节器和逆变器 3–23。3.4.2.7. Regulators and Inverters 3–23
3.4.2.8.风力涡轮机 3–25。3.4.2.8. Wind Turbines 3–25
3.4.3.接地耦合 3–25。3.4.3. Ground Coupling 3–25
3.4.3.1.3-25 级楼板。3.4.3.1. Slab on Grade 3–25
3.4.4。暖通空调 3—25。3.4.4. HVAC 3–25
3.4.4.1.吸收式制冷机（热水，单效）3–25。3.4.4.1. Absorption Chiller (Hot-Water Fired,
Single Effect) 3–25
3.4.4.2.空气加热器 3–26。3.4.4.2. Air Heater 3–26
3.4.4.3.风冷式冷水机组 3–26。3.4.4.3. Air-Cooled Chiller 3–26
3.4.4.4.空气源热泵 3–26。3.4.4.4. Air-Source Heat Pump 3–26
3.4.4.5.锅炉 3–27。3.4.4.5. Boiler 3–27
3.4.4.6.调节设备 3–27。3.4.4.6. Conditioning Equipment 3–27
3.4.4.7.冷却盘管 3–28。3.4.4.7. Cooling Coils 3–28
3.4.4.8.冷却塔 3–29。3.4.4.8. Cooling Towers 3–29
3.4.4.9.DX 线圈 3–32。3.4.4.9. DX Coil 3–32
3.4.4.10.风机盘管 3–32。3.4.4.10. Fan Coil 3–32
3.4.4.11.液体加热器 3–32。3.4.4.11. Fluid Heater 3–32
3.4.4.12.熔炉 3–33。3.4.4.12. Furnace 3–33
3.4.4.13.加热线圈 3–33。3.4.4.13. Heating Coil 3–33
3.4.4.14.成套终端空调 3–33。3.4.4.14. Packaged Terminal Air Conditioner 3–33
3.4.4.15.部分负载性能 3–34。3.4.4.15. Part Load Performance 3–34
3.4.4.16.分体式空调 3–34。3.4.4.16. Split System AC 3–34
3.4.4.17.变风量空气处理器 3–34。3.4.4.17. VAV Air Handlers 3–34
3.4.4.18.水冷式冷水机组 3–35。3.4.4.18. Water-Cooled Chiller 3–35
3.4.4.19.水源热泵 3–35。3.4.4.19. Water-Source Heat Pump 3–35
3.4.5.氢气系统 3–36。3.4.5. Hydrogen Systems 3–36
3.4.5.1.压缩气体储存 3–36。3.4.5.1. Compressed Gas Storage 3–36
3.4.5.2.压缩机 3–36。3.4.5.2. Compressor 3–36
3.4.5.3.控制器 3–36。3.4.5.3. Controllers 3–36
3.4.5.4.电解槽 3–37。3.4.5.4. Electrolyzer 3–37
3.4.5.5.燃料电池 3–38。3.4.5.5. Fuel Cells 3–38
3.4.6.水力学 3–42。3.4.6. Hydronics 3–42
3.4.6.1.控制流量混合器 3–42。3.4.6.1. Controlled Flow Mixer 3–42
3.4.6.2.管道 3–42。3.4.6.2. Duct3–42
3.4.6 风扇 3 - 43。3.4.6.3. Fan 3–43
3–4
3.4.6.4.流量分流器 3–43。3.4.6.4. Flow Diverter 3–43
3.4.6.5.热交换器 3–44。3.4.6.5. Heat Exchanger 3–44
3.4.6.6.3-46 号管。3.4.6.6. Pipe 3–46
3.4.6.7.泵 3–46。3.4.6.7. Pumps 3–46
3.4.6.8.三通流量混合器 3–46。3.4.6.8. Tee-Piece Flow Mixer 3–46
3.4.6.9.温控流量分流器 3–47。3.4.6.9. Temperature Controlled Flow Diverter 3–47
3.4.7.荷载和结构 3–47。3.4.7. Loads and Structures 3–47
3.4.7.1.渗透 3–47。3.4.7.1. Infiltration 3–47
3.4.7.2.多区域建筑 3–48。3.4.7.2. Multi-Zone Building 3–48
3.4.7.3.带内部求解器参数的多区域建筑 3–48。3.4.7.3. Multi-Zone Building with Internal
Solver Parameters 3–48
3.4.7.4.悬挑和翼墙阴影 3–49。3.4.7.4. Overhang and Wingwall Shading 3–49
3.4.7.5.简单自然通风 3–49。3.4.7.5. Simple Natural Ventilation 3–49
3.4.7.6.单区模型 3–49。3.4.7.6. Single Zone Models 3–49
3.4.7.7.蓄热墙 3–50。3.4.7.7. Thermal Storage Wall 3–50
3.4.8.过时 3–51。3.4.8. Obsolete 3–51
3.4.9.输出 3–51。3.4.9. Output 3–51
3.4.9.1.在线绘图仪 3–51。3.4.9.1. Online Plotter 3–51
3.4.9.2.打印机生成器 3–52。3.4.9.2. Printegrator 3–52
3.4.9.3.打印机 3–53。3.4.9.3. Printer 3–53
3.4.9.4.范围 3–55。3.4.9.4. Scope 3–55
3.4.9.5.模拟总结 3–55。3.4.9.5. Simulation Summary 3–55
3.4.9.6.SketchUp 打印机的 Trnsys 插件 3–56。3.4.9.6. TRNSYS Plugin for SketchUp
Printer 3–56
3.4.10.物理现象 3–56。3.4.10. Physical Phenomena 3–56
3.4.10.1.收集器阵列阴影 3–56。3.4.10.1. Collector Array Shading 3–56
3.4.10.2.对流系数计算 3–57。3.4.10.2. Convection Coefficient Calculation 3–57
3.4.10.3.集总电容模型 3–58。3.4.10.3. Lumped Capacitance Model 3–58
3.4.10.4.辐射处理器 3–58。3.4.10.4. Radiation Processors 3–58
3.4.10.5.阴影遮罩 3–60。3.4.10.5. Shading Masks 3–60
3.4.10.6.简单地温模型 3–61。3.4.10.6. Simple Ground Temperature Model 3–61
3.4.10.7.天空温度 3–61。3.4.10.7. Sky Temperature 3–61
3.4.10.8.热力学性质 3–62。3.4.10.8. Thermodynamic Properties 3–62
3.4.10.9.气象发电机 3–64。3.4.10.9. Weather Generators 3–64
3.4.11.太阳能集热器 3–65。3.4.11. Solar Thermal Collectors 3–65
3.4.11.1.CPC 收集器 3–65。3.4.11.1. CPC Collector 3–65
3.4.11.2.真空集管 3–66。3.4.11.2. Evacuated Tube Collector 3–66
3.4.11.3.性能图收集器 3–66。3.4.11.3. Performance Map Collector 3–66
3.4.11.4.光伏集热器 3–68。3.4.11.4. PV-Thermal Collectors 3–68
3.4.11.5.二次效率收集器 3–70。3.4.11.5. Quadratic Efficiency Collector 3–70
3.4.11.6.理论平板收集器 3–72。3.4.11.6. Theoretical Flat-Plate Collector 3–72
3.4.11.7.带整体存储的热虹吸收集器 3–72。3.4.11.7. Thermosyphon Collector with
Integral Storage 3–72
3.4.12.蓄热 3–73。3.4.12. Thermal Storage 3–73
3.4.12.1.定容储液 3–73。3.4.12.1. Constant Volume Liquid Storage 3–73
3–5
3.4.12.2.塞流罐 3–73。3.4.12.2. Plug-Flow Tank 3–73
3.4.12.3.岩层储存 3–74。3.4.12.3. Rock Bed Storage 3–74
3.4.12.4.简单电热储液 3–74。3.4.12.4. Simple Electric Heated Liquid Storage 3–74
3.4.12.5.简单气体加热液体储存 3–74。3.4.12.5. Simple Gas Heated Liquid Storage 3–74
3.4.12.6.变量箱 3–75。3.4.12.6. Variable Volume Tank 3–75
3.4.13.实用程序 3–75。3.4.13. Utility 3–75
3.4.13.1.调用外部程序 3–75。3.4.13.1. Calling External Programs 3–75
3.4.13.2.数据读取器 3–77。3.4.13.2. Data Readers 3–77
3.4.13.3.区别 3–79。3.4.13.3. Differentiation 3–79
3.4.13.4.EN 15251-2007 浮动平均温度 3–81。3.4.13.4. EN 15251-2007 Floating Mean
Temperature 3–81
3.4.13.5.强制功能定序器 3–81。3.4.13.5. Forcing Function Sequencers 3–81
3.4.13.6.强制功能 3–82。3.4.13.6. Forcing Functions 3–82
3.4.13.7.假日计算器 3–84。3.4.13.7. Holiday Calculator 3–84
3.4.13.8.积分器 3–85。3.4.13.8. Integrators 3–85
3.4.13.9.插值 3–85。3.4.13.9. Interpolation 3–85
3.4.13.10.移动平均线 3–86。3.4.13.10. Moving Average 3–86
3.4.13.11.模拟控制 3–86。3.4.13.11. Simulation Control 3–86
3.4.13.12.时间值 3–86。3.4.13.12. Time Values 3–86
3.4.13.13.单位转换程序 3–87。3.4.13.13. Unit Conversion Routine 3–87
3.4.13.14.实用费率表处理器 3–87。3.4.13.14. Utility Rate Schedule Processors 3–87
3.4.14.天气数据读取和处理 3–87。3.4.14. Weather Data Reading and Processing 3–87
3.4.14.1.标准格式 3–87。3.4.14.1. Standard Format 3–87
3.4.14.2.用户格式 3–90。3.4.14.2. User Format 3–90
3.标准组件库概述 STANDARD COMPONENT LIBRARY

OVERVIEW
3.1. 介绍 Introduction
标准 trnsys 库中包含大约 100 个模型。本文档旨在让用户快速了解可用组件。它应该与第 4
卷：数学参考一起使用，该卷给出了标准组件库中包含的所有模型的数学算法。
About one hundred models are included in the Standard TRNSYS Library. This document
is intended to give users a quick overview of the available components. It should be used
together with the Volume 4: Mathematical Reference, which gives the mathematical
algorithms of all models included in the Standard library of components.
本卷分为 3 个主要部分，从主干到较小的分支探索可用组件树，以便用户快速找到所需的组
件。请注意，Simulation Studio 用户被邀请使用 Studio 中的“直接访问工具”，这将使他们能
够访问组件树的“实时”版本。
This volume is organized in 3 main sections that explore the tree of available components
from the trunk to the smaller branches in order to allow users to quickly find the component
they need. Note that Simulation Studio users are invited to use the "Direct Access Tool" in
the Studio, which will give them access to a "live" version of the component tree.
3–6
Volume 3 is organized according to the user interface of each component ("proformas" in
the Simulation Studio), while Volume 4 is organized according to the models on which
components are based. Models are known as Types and correspond to a Fortran file.
The same model can (and often does) have different proformas associated with it.
Example: The Flat-plate Solar collector model using a quadratic efficiency curve (Type 1)
has 5 operating modes, which correspond to 5 proformas in the Studio. It has 5 entries in
Volume 3. There are about 300 available proformas for about 100 Fortran routines.
3.2. 主要部件类别 Main categories of components

标准组件库分为 14 类：The Standard Component Library is organized in 14 categories:
1. 控制器 Controllers
该类别包含各种通用控制器和恒温器。
This category contains various general purpose controllers and thermostats.
2. 电气 Electrical
这一类包含产生或储存电力的组件及其附件：太阳能光伏（ PV）系统。风能转换系统
（WEC 或风力涡轮机），柴油机，动力转换系统，电池。
This category contains components that generate or store electricity and their accessories:
solar photovoltaic (PV) systems. Wind Energy Conversion Systems (WECS, or wind
turbines), Diesel engines, Power conversion systems, batteries.
3. 接地耦合 Ground Coupling
用于计算建筑物和地面之间的热交换的这类部件。
This category components for calculating the heat exchange between a building and the
ground.
4. 暖通空调 HVAC
这一类包括若干辅助加热和冷却装置，包括吸收式冷却机。
This category contains several auxiliary heating and cooling devices, including absorption
cooling machines.
5. 氢系统 Hydrogen Systems
Hydroms 库中的大多数组件都属于此类别（某些组件已移动到“电气”类别）。Hydroms 库提
供了用于模拟氢基系统的模型：燃料电池、电解槽、储氢装置等。
Most components from the HYDROGEMS library are in this category (some components
have been moved to the "electrical" category). The HYDROGEMS library provides models
to simulate Hydrogen-based systems: fuel cells, electrolyzers, Hydrogen storage devices,
etc.
6. 水力学 Hydronics
可以在这里找到风扇、泵、管道、管道和分流器或混合器。
Fans, pumps, pipes, ducts and flow diverters or mixers can be found here
7. 荷载和结构 Loads and Structures
3–7
这一类别包括类型 56、多区域建筑模型（见第 5 卷），但也包括复杂度不断增加的不同单
区域模型以及一些其他组件，这些组件通常是建筑模拟的组成部分。
This category includes Type 56, the multizone building model (see Volume 5) but also
different single zone models of increasing complexity as well as some other components
that are often integral to building simulations.
8. 过时的 Obsolete
在 Trnsys 18 中被废弃的组件被移到这里。这些组件是为了向后兼容而保留的，但是不应该
使用它们，因为它们在以后的 trnsys 版本中可能不受支持。
Components that have been made obsolete in TRNSYS 18 have been moved here. These
components have been kept for backwards compatibility but they should not be used as
they may not be supported in further TRNSYS releases.
9. 产量 Output
打印机和联机绘图仪以及实现仿真摘要或进一步分析仿真结果的组件都属于这一类。
Printers and online plotters are in this category, as well as components that realize a
simulation summary or further analyze simulation results.
10. 物理现象 Physical Phenomena
此类别将模拟物理现象的实用程序组件分组。它包括湿度计算和著名的太阳辐射处理器（注
意，用户应该考虑使用组合式数据读取器和辐射处理器，见第 14 类）。它还包括阴影计算、
天空温度和对流系数。
This category groups utility components that model physical phenomena. It includes
psychrometrics calculations and the well-known solar radiation processor (note that users
should consider using the combined data reader and radiation processor, see category 14).
It also includes shading calculations, sky temperature and convection coefficients.
11. 太阳能集热器 Solar Thermal Collectors
这一类包括不同类型太阳能集热器的型号：平板集热器、真空管集热器、聚光抛物面集热器
（CPC）等。
This category includes models for different types of solar thermal collectors: flat-plate
collectors, evacuated tube collectors, Concentrating Parabolic Collectors (CPC), etc.
12. 蓄热 Thermal Storage
各种类型的存储设备可供选择：带可选热交换器的分层或塞流水箱、岩层等。
Various models of storage devices are available: stratified or plug-flow water tanks with
optional heat exchangers, rock beds, etc.
13. 效用 Utility
该类别将诸如单元转换、强制函数、输入值调用等实用程序组件分组。它还承载调用外部程
序（如 ees、excel 或 matlab）的组件，以及重要的“数据读取器”组。
This category groups utility components such as unit conversion, forcing functions, input
value recall, etc. It also hosts components calling external programs such as EES, Excel or
3–8
Matlab, and the important "Data Reader" group.
14. 气象数据的读取与处理 Weather Data Reading and Processing
这一类别允许用户轻松访问组合数据读取器和太阳辐射处理器，使用户可以轻松读取标准或
用户格式的天气文件，并计算任何表面上的入射太阳辐射。
This category gives easy access to the combined data reader and solar radiation processor
that allows users to easily read standard or user-format weather files and calculate the
incident solar radiation on any surface.
3.3. 部件子类别 Subcategories of components

每个组件类别都细分为以下列出的主要子类别。
Each category of components is subdivided in main subcategories, which are listed here
below.
1. 控制器 Controllers
 5 级房间恒温器 5-Stage Room Thermostat

 碱性恒温器 Basic Aquastat
 基本湿度控制 Basic Humidity Control
 延迟输入 Delayed Inputs
 滞后微分控制器 Differential Controller w_ Hysteresis
 迭代反馈控制器 Iterative Feedback Controller
 微处理器控制器 Microprocessor Controller
 PID 控制器 PID Controller
 简易恒温器 Simple Thermostat
 回火阀控制 Tempering Valve Control
2. 电气 Electrical
 电池组 Batteries
 母线 Busbar
 柴油机（degs）Diesel Engine (DEGS)
 小型电网控制器 MiniGrid Controller
 光伏板 Photovoltaic Panels
 功率调节 Power Conditioning
 调节器和逆变器 Regulators and Inverters
 风力涡轮机 Wind Turbines
3. 接地耦合 Ground Coupling
 地面板 Slab on Grade

4. 暖通空调 HVAC
 吸收式制冷机（热水，单效）Absorption Chiller (Hot-Water Fired, Single

Effect)
3–9
 空气加热器 Air Heater
 风冷式冷水机组 Air-Cooled Chiller
 空气源热泵 Air-Source Heat Pump
 热水器 Boiler
 调节设备 Conditioning Equipment
 冷却旋管 Cooling Coils
 冷却塔 Cooling Towers
 DX 线圈 DX Coil
 风机盘管 Fan Coil
 流体加热器 Fluid Heater
 炉 Furnace
 加热盘管 Heating Coil
 成套终端空调 Packaged Terminal Air Conditioner
 部分负载性能 Part Load Performance
 分体式空调 Split System AC
 变风量空气处理机 VAV Air Handlers
 水冷式冷水机组 Water-Cooled Chiller
 水源热泵 Water-Source Heat Pump
5. 氢系统 Hydrogen Systems
 压缩气体储存 Compressed Gas Storage

 压缩机 Compressor
 控制器 Controllers
 电解槽 Electrolyzer
 燃料电池 Fuel Cells
6. 水力学 Hydronics
 控制流量混合器 Controlled Flow Mixer

 管 Duct
 风扇 Fan
 分流器 Flow Diverter
 换热器 Heat Exchangers
 管子 Pipe
 泵 Pumps
 三通流量混合器 Tee-Piece Flow Mixer
 温控分流器 Temperature Controlled Flow Diverter
7. 荷载和结构 Loads and Structures
 渗透 Infiltration
3–10
 多区域建筑 Multi-Zone Building
 带内部解算器参数的多区域建筑 Multi-Zone Building with Internal Solver
Parameters
 悬挑和翼墙阴影 Overhang and Wingwall Shading
 简单自然通风 Simple Natural Ventilation
 单区模型 Single Zone Models
 蓄热墙 Thermal Storage Wall
8. 过时的 Obsolete
 一维插值 1D Interpolation
 阿奎斯塔特 Aquastat
 附加太阳空间 Attached Sunspace
 辅助冷却装置 Auxiliary Cooling Unit
 辅助加热器 Auxiliary Heaters
 调用外部程序 Calling External Programs
 冷却旋管 Cooling Coils
 详细储液罐 Detailed Fluid Storage Tank
 滞后微分控制器 Differential Controller w_ Hysteresis
 经济 Economics
 能量（度-天）空间负荷 Energy (Degree Day) Space Load
 球迷 Fans
 炉 Furnace
 直方图绘图仪 Histogram Plotter
 输入值调用 Input Value Recall
 并联冷水机组 Parallel Chillers
 参数替换 Parameter Replacement
 光伏板 Photovoltaic Panels
 坡屋顶和阁楼 Pitched Roof and Attic
 减压阀 Pressure Relief Valve
 泵 Pumps
 分层储罐 Stratified Storage Tank
 热力学性质 Thermodynamic Properties
 效用率调度处理器 Utility Rate Schedule Processors
 W-编辑器（CSTB）W-Editor (CSTB)
 窗口 Window
9. 产量 Output
 在线绘图仪 Online Plotter
3–11
 整合器 Printegrator
 打印机 Printer
 范围 Scope
 仿真概要 Simulation Summary
 SketchUp 打印机的 Trnsys 插件 TRNSYS Plugin for SketchUp Printer
10. 物理现象 Physical Phenomena
 收集器阵列阴影 Collector Array Shading

 对流系数计算 Convection Coefficient Calculation
 集总电容模型 Lumped Capacitance Model
 辐射处理器 Radiation Processors
 阴影遮罩 Shading Masks
 简单地温 Simple Ground Temperature
 天空温度 Sky Temperature
 热力学性质 Thermodynamic Properties
 气象发电机 Weather Generators
11. 太阳能集热器 Solar Thermal Collectors
 CPC 收藏家 CPC Collector

 真空集热管 Evacuated Tube Collector
 性能映射采集器 Performance Map Collector
 光伏集热器 PV-Thermal Collectors
 二次效率收集器 Quadratic Efficiency Collector
 理论平板收集器 Theoretical Flat-Plate Collector
 集成存储的热虹吸收集器 Thermosyphon Collector with Integral Storage
12. 蓄热 Thermal Storage
 定容储液 Constant Volume Liquid Storage

 塞流罐 Plug-Flow Tank
 岩床储存 Rock Bed Storage
 简易电热储液 Simple Electric Heated Liquid Storage
 简易气热储液 Simple Gas Heated Liquid Storage
 变容水箱 Variable Volume Tank
13. 效用 Utility
 调用外部程序 Calling External Programs

 数据阅读器 Data Readers
 区别 Differentiation
 EN 15251-2007 浮动平均温度 EN 15251-2007 Floating Mean Temperature
 强制函数序列器 Forcing Function Sequencers
3–12
 强制函数 Forcing Functions
 假日计算器 Holiday Calculator
 积分器 Integrators
 插值 Interpolation
 移动平均 Moving Average
 仿真控制 Simulation Control
 时间价值 Time Values
 单位转换程序 Unit Conversion Routine
 公用事业费率 Utility Rates
14. 气象数据的读取与处理 Weather Data Reading and Processing
 标准格式 Standard Format

 用户格式 User Format
3.4. 每个类别中可用组件的概述 Overview of available

components in each category
本节描述了所有类别和子类别中的可用组件。该部分根据组件形式表进行组织。对于每个组
件，都指定了形式表的确切位置，并给出了相应的 trnsys 模型（或类型）。
This section gives a description of available components in all categories and
subcategories. The section is organized according to the components proformas. For each
component, the exact location of the proforma is specified and the corresponding TRNSYS
model (or Type) is given.
3.4.1. 控制器 Controllers

3.4.1.1. 5 级房间恒温器 5-Stage Room Thermostat
5 级房间恒温器 5-STAGE ROOM THERMOSTAT
形式：控制器 \\5 级房间恒温器 \\type108.tmf 。 Proforma: Controllers\5-Stage Room

Thermostat\Type108.tmf
Trnsys 型号：108 型。TRNSYS Model: Type 108
3–13
五级房间恒温器被建模为输出五个开\/关控制功能，其可用于控制具有两级热源、辅助加热器
和两级冷却系统的系统。控制器命令在中等高的室温下进行一级冷却，在较高的室温下进行
二级冷却，在较低的室温下进行一级加热，在较低的室温下进行二级加热，甚至在较低的室
温下进行辅助加热。用户可以选择在第二阶段和辅助加热期间禁用第一阶段加热，在辅助加
热期间禁用第二阶段加热，在第二阶段冷却期间禁用第一阶段冷却。
A five stage room thermostat is modeled to output five on/off control functions that can be
used to control a system having a two stage heat source, an auxiliary heater, and a two-
stage cooling system. The controller commands 1st stage cooling at moderately high room
temperatures, second stage cooling at higher room temperatures, first stage heating at low
room temperatures, second stage heating at lower room temperatures, and auxiliary
heating at even lower room temperatures. The user has the option to disable first stage
heating during second stage and auxiliary heating, disable second stage heating during
auxiliary heating, and disable first stage cooling during second stage cooling.
注意：选择死区和设定点时应小心。死区大于设定点之间的温差将导致控制器的收敛问题。
Note: care should be taken when choosing dead bands and set points. Dead bands that are
greater than the temperature difference between the set points will cause controller
convergence problems.
3.4.1.2. 碱性恒温器 Basic Aquastat

冷却方式 COOLING MODE
形式：控制器\\basic aquastat\\cooling mode\\type113.tmf。

Proforma: Controllers\Basic Aquastat\Cooling Mode\Type113.tmf
一个简单的 AQUASTAT 被建模为输出可用于控制冷却流体的系统的 ON\/OFF 控制功能。
A simple aquastat is modeled to output on/off control functions that can be used to control a
system that cools a fluid.
加热方式 HEATING MODE
形式：控制器 \\basic aquastat\\heating mode\\type106.tmf 。 Proforma: Controllers\Basic

Aquastat\Heating Mode\Type106.tmf
一个简单的 AQUASTAT 被建模为输出可用于控制加热流体的系统的开\/关控制功能。
A simple aquastat is modeled to output on/off control functions that can be used to control a
system that heats a fluid.
3.4.1.3. 基本湿度控制。Basic Humidity Control

除湿机 DEHUMIDISTAT
形式：控制器\\基本湿度控制\\除湿器\\ 104 型.tmf。Proforma: Controllers\Basic Humidity

Control\Dehumidistat\Type104.tmf
3–14
一个简单的除湿器被建模为输出开\/关控制功能，其可用于控制除湿空气的系统。
A simple dehumidistat is modeled to output on/off control functions that can be used to
control a system that dehumidifies air.
湿度调节器 HUMIDISTAT
形式：控制器\\基本湿度控制\\除湿器\\ 85 型.tmf。Proforma: Controllers\ Basic Humidity

Control\Dehumidistat\Type85.tmf
一个简单的湿度调节器被建模为输出开\/关控制功能，它可以用来控制加湿空气的系统。
A simple humidistat is modeled to output on/off control functions that can be used to control
a system that humidifies air.
3.4.1.4. 延迟输入 Delayed Inputs

延迟输入 DELAYED INPUTS
形式：控制器\\滞后输入\\150 型
Proforma: Controllers\Delayed Inputs\Type150.tmf
该组件为“粘性”控制器建模，其中输出设置为用户定义的上一个时间步的输入值。例如，用户
可以根据前一小时甚至前一天的区域温度来决定是否向其他组件输出。
This component models a "sticky" controller where the outputs are set to the input values
from a user-defined previous timestep. For example, the user could decide to have the
outputs to another component be based on the zone temperatures from the previous hour
or even from the previous day.
粘性是由时间步数设置的，而不是基于小时数。
The stickiness is set by the number of timesteps and not based on the number of hours.
3.4.1.5. 滞后微分控制器 Differential Controller w_ Hysteresis
对于温度 FOR TEMPERATURES
形式：控制器\\带滞后的差分控制器\\适用于温度\\ 165.tmf∏型。
Proforma: Controllers\Differential Controller w_ Hysteresis\for Temperatures\Type165.tmf
3–15
ON\/OFF 差动控制器产生可具有 1 或 0 的值的控制功能。选择控制信号的值作为上下温差 th
和 tl 的函数，并与两个死区温差 dth 和 dtl 进行比较。控制函数的新值取决于上一时间步的输
入控制函数的值。
The on/off differential controller generates a control function which can have a value of 1 or
0. The value of the control signal is chosen as a function of the difference between upper
and lower temperatures Th and Tl, compared with two dead band temperature differences
DTh and DTl. The new value of the control function depends on the value of the input
control function at the previous timestep.
此控制器包含一个高限断路器。无论死区条件如何，如果超过上限条件，控制功能将设置为
零。即使使用了温度符号，该控制器也不限于感测温度。此控制器实例使用 DEGC 的单元描
述，因此它很容易用作恒温差分控制器。
A high limit cut-out is included with this controller. Regardless of the dead band conditions,
the control function will be set to zero if the high limit condition is exceeded. This controller
is not restricted to sensing temperatures, even though temperature notation is used. This
controller instance uses unit descriptions of degC so that it is readily usable as a
thermostatic differential controller.
对于温度-复杂控制策略-解算器 0（连续替换）控制策略
FOR TEMPERATURES – COMPLEX CONTROL STRATEGIES - SOLVER 0
(SUCCESSIVE SUBSTITUTION) CONTROL STRATEGY
形式：控制器\\带滞后的微分控制器\\温度\\复杂控制策略\\解算器 0（连续替换）控制策略\\类
型 2b.tmf。
Proforma: Controllers\Differential Controller w_ Hysteresis\for Temperatures\Complex
Control Strategies\Solver 0 (Successive Substitution) Control Strategy\Type2b.tmf
3–16
和 tl 的函数，并与两个死区温差 dtl 和 dtl 进行比较。控制函数的新值取决于上一时间步输入
控制函数的值。控制器通常与输入控制信号连接到输出控制信号，提供滞后效应。然而，
DTl and DTl. The new value of the control function depends on the value of the input
control function at the previous time step. The controller is normally used with the input
control signal connected to the output control signal, providing a hysteresis effect. However,
如果需要更详细的滞后形式，则可以使用来自不同组件的控制信号作为该组件的输入控制信
号。
control signals from different components may be used as the input control signal for this
component if a more detailed form of hysteresis is desired.
出于安全考虑，此控制器包含一个高限断路器。无论死区条件如何，如果超过上限条件，控
制功能将设置为零。这个控制器是。
For safety considerations, a high limit cut-out is included with this controller. Regardless of
the dead band conditions, the control function will be set to zero if the high limit condition is
exceeded. This controller is
不限于感测温度，即使使用了温度符号。此控制器实例使用 degc 的单元描述，因此它很容易
用作恒温差分控制器。
not restricted to sensing temperatures, even though temperature notation is used. This
通用的 GENERIC
Type2 控制器的此实例用于标准 Trnsys 解算器 0（连续替换）。
形式：控制器\\带滞后的差分控制器\\generic\\type165b.tmf。
This instance of the Type2 controller is intended for use with the standard TRNSYS
SOLVER
Proforma:0 Controllers\Differential
(Successive Substitution) Controller w_ Hysteresis\generic\ Type165b.tmf
3–17
和 tl 的函数，并与两个死区温差 dth 和 dtl 进行比较。控制函数的新值取决于上一时间步的输
入控制函数的值。
DTh and DTl. The new value of the control function depends on the value of the input
control function at the previous timestep.
此控制器包含一个高限断路器。无论死区条件如何，如果超过上限条件，控制功能将设置为
零。即使使用了温度符号，该控制器也不限于感测温度。此控制器实例使用 DEGC 的单元描
述，因此它很容易用作恒温差分控制器。
A high limit cut-out is included with this controller. Regardless of the dead band conditions,
the control function will be set to zero if the high limit condition is exceeded. This controller
is not restricted to sensing temperatures, even though temperature notation is used. This
一般-复杂控制策略-解算器 0（连续替换）控制策略
GENERIC - COMPLEX CONTROL STRATEGIES - SOLVER 0 (SUCCESSIVE
SUBSTITUTION) CONTROL STRATEGY
形式：控制器\\微分控制器 w_滞后\\一般\\复杂控制策略\\解算器 0（连续替换）控制策略\\类

型 2d.tmf∏。
Proforma: Controllers\Differential Controller w_ Hysteresis\generic\Complex Control
Strategies\Solver 0 (Successive Substitution) Control Strategy\Type2d.tmf
3–18
和 tl 的函数，并与两个死区温差 dtl 和 dtl 进行比较。控制函数的新值取决于上一时间步的输
入控制函数的值。控制器通常与输入控制信号连接到输出控制信号，提供滞后效应。然而，
DTl and DTl. The new value of the control function depends on the value of the input
control function at the previous timestep. The controller is normally used with the input
control signal connected to the output control signal, providing a hysteresis effect. However,
如果需要更详细的滞后形式，则可以使用来自不同组件的控制信号作为该组件的输入控制信
号。
control signals from different components may be used as the input control signal for this
component if a more detailed form of hysteresis is desired.
出于安全考虑，此控制器包含一个高限断路器。无论死区条件如何，如果超过上限条件，控
制功能将设置为零。这个控制器是。
For safety considerations, a high limit cut-out is included with this controller. Regardless of
the dead band conditions, the control function will be set to zero if the high limit condition is
exceeded. This controller is
不限于感测温度，即使使用了温度符号。该控制器实例避免了对单元描述（DEGC、KG\/HR
等）的引用，从而可以用作通用差分控制器。
not restricted to sensing temperatures, even though temperature notation is used. This
controller instance avoids reference to unit descriptions (degC, kg/hr, etc.) so that it can be
used as a generic differential controller.
Type2 控制器的此实例用于标准 Trnsys 解算器 0（连续替换）。
3.4.1.6.
This instance迭代反馈控制器 IterativeisFeedback
of the Type2 controller Controller
intended for use with the standard TRNSYS
SOLVER 0 (Successive Substitution)
迭代反馈控制器 ITERATIVE FEEDBACK CONTROLLER
形式：控制器 \\ 迭代反馈控制器 \\type22.tmfProforma: Controllers\Iterative Feedback

Controller\Type22.tmf
3–19
迭代反馈控制器计算将控制变量（y）保持在设定点（yset）所需的控制信号（u）。它使用
trnsys 迭代来提供精确的设定点跟踪。
The iterative feedback controller calculates the control signal (u) required to maintain the
controlled variable (y) at the setpoint (ySet). It uses TRNSYS iterations to provide accurate
setpoint tracking.
该控制器可用于模拟实际反馈控制器（例如 PID），其将连续地调整其控制信号或使用比
TrnSyS 模拟时间步长短得多的离散时间步长。
This controller can be used to model a real feedback controller (e.g. PID) that would adapt
its control signal continuously or using a discrete time step much shorter than the TRNSYS
simulation time step.
控制器具有 ON\/OFF 信号，并且可以为控制信号固定边界。
The controller has an ON/OFF signal and bounds can be fixed for the control signal.
迭代反馈控制器使用割线法计算使跟踪误差（e=yset-y）归零（或最小化）的控制信号。
The iterative feedback controller uses a secant method to calculate the control signal that
zeroes (or minimizes) the tracking error (e = ySet-y).
注：类型 22 使用 trnsys 迭代，其性能对某些模拟设置（如组件顺序和收敛公差）敏感。有关
更多详细信息，请参阅手册和示例。
Note: Type 22 uses TRNSYS iterations and its performance is sensitive to some simulations
settings such as component order and convergence tolerances. Please see the manual and
3.4.1.7. 微处理器控制器 Microprocessor Controller
examples for more details.
微处理器控制器 MICROPROCESSOR CONTROLLER
形式：控制器\\微型控制器\\40 型
Proforma: Controllers\Microprocessor Controller\Type40.tmf
TRNSYS Model: Type 40
3.4.1.8. PID 控制器 PID Controller

PID 控制器 PID CONTROLLER
形式：控制器\\PID 控制器\\23 型
Proforma: Controllers\PID Controller\Type23.tmf
3–20
PID 控制器计算将控制变量（Y）保持在设定点（YSET）所需的控制信号（U）。它的控制
信号与跟踪误差成正比，也与跟踪误差的积分和导数成正比。它基于最新的 pid 控制器离散算
法，并实现了积分器的抗卷绕。
The PID controller calculates the control signal (u) required to maintain the controlled
variable (y) at the setpoint (ySet). Its control signal is proportional to the tracking error, as
well as to the integral and the derivative of that tracking error. It is based on state-of-the-art
discrete algorithms for PID controllers and implements anti windup for the integrator.
PID 控制器可以工作在两种模式：模式 0 实现了“真实生活”（非迭代）控制器，模式 1 实
现迭代控制器（注意，迭代反馈控制器，类型 22，可能更容易在该配置中使用）。有关详细
信息，请参阅手册和参数 1（模式）的说明。
The PID controller can operate in two modes: mode 0 implements a "real life" (non-iterative)
controller, and mode 1 implements an iterative controller (Note that the Iterative Feedback
Controller, Type 22, might be easier to use in that configuration). Please see the manuals
and the description of parameter 1 (mode) for more details.
请注意，将参数调谐转换为现实世界的控制器：即使您的模拟使用非常短的时间步长，并且
如果您使用模式 0，调谐的参数可能与应用于模拟系统的实际控制器中需要使用的参数不同。
最佳参数取决于 pid 中使用的算法，对于该算法，可以使用不同的实现方式。有关此组件的算
法的详细信息，请参阅手册。
Note on the transposition of parameter tuning to real-world controllers: even if your
simulation uses a very short time step and if you use mode 0, the tuned parameters may be
different from the ones you would need to use in a real controller applied to the simulated
system. Optimal parameters depend on the algorithm used in the PID, for which different
implementations are available. Please check the manual for more information on this
component's algorithm.
3.4.1.9. 简易恒温器 Simple Thermostat

简易恒温器 SIMPLE THERMOSTAT
形式：控制器/简易恒温器/116 型
Proforma: Controllers\Simple Thermostat\Type166.tmf
Trnsys 型号：116 型 TRNSYS Model: Type 166
对一个简单的房间恒温器进行建模，以输出开/关控制功能，该功能可用于控制具有热源和
冷却源的系统。
A simple room thermostat is modeled to output on/off control functions that can be used to
control a system having a heating source and a cooling source.
3.4.1.10. 回火阀控制 Tempering Valve Control

冷却方式 COOLING MODE
形式：控制器\\回火阀控制\\冷却模式\\ 116 型.tmf。

Proforma: Controllers\Tempering Valve Control\Cooling Mode\Type116.tmf
3–21
该组件计算标准回火阀应输送至源的流体分数（1 减去直接输送至混合阀的流体分数）。控制
器计算应通过源发送的流体量和绕过源的流体量，当混合在一起时，这些流体提供设定点温
度。
This component calculates the fraction of fluid that should be sent to the source (one minus
the fraction sent to the source is sent directly to the mixing valve) for a standard tempering
valve. The controller calculates the amount of fluid that should be sent through the source
and the amount of fluid bypassing the source that, when mixed together, provide the
setpoint temperature.
加热方式 HEATING MODE
形式：控制器\\回火阀控制\\加热模式\\类型 115.tmf。
Proforma: Controllers\Tempering Valve Control\Heating Mode\Type115.tmf

该组件计算标准回火阀应输送至源的流体分数（1 减去直接输送至混合阀的流体分数）。控制
器计算应通过源发送的流体量和绕过源的流体量，当混合在一起时，这些流体提供设定点温
度。
This component calculates the fraction of fluid that should be sent to the source (one minus
the fraction sent to the source is sent directly to the mixing valve) for a standard tempering
valve. The controller calculates the amount of fluid that should be sent through the source
and the amount of fluid bypassing the source that, when mixed together, provide the
setpoint temperature.
3.4.2. 电气 Electrical
3.4.2.1. 电池组 Batteries
电流作为输入的 shepherd 方程 CURRENT AS AN INPUT - SHEPHERD EQUATION
形式：电气\\电池\\作为输入的电流\\ Shepherd 方程式\\type47D.tmf。

Proforma: Electrical\Batteries\Current as an input\Shepherd Equation\Type47d.tmf
3–22
这种铅酸蓄电池模型与太阳能电池阵列和功率调节部件一起工作。它指定电池的充电状态如
何随时间变化，给定充电或放电速率。此形式对应于模式 4 此模式使用有关电池电压、电流
和充电状态的公式。方程式是谢泼德设计的。shepherd 模型相对简单，hyman 模型（模式 3
和模式 5）在非常低的电流下更为现实。
This model of a lead-acid storage battery operates in conjunction with solar cell array and
power conditioning components. It specifies how the battery state of charge varies over
time, given the rate of charge or discharge. This proforma corresponds to Mode 4 This
mode utilizes formulas relating battery voltage, current and State Of Charge. The equations
are those devised by Shepherd. The Shepherd model is relatively simple and the Hyman
model (Mode 3 and 5) is more realistic at very low currents.
在这种模式下，电流被作为输入给定。
n this mode, the current is given as input.
电流作为输入-shepherd 修正的 hyman 方程

CURRENT AS AN INPUT - SHEPHERD MODIFIED HYMAN EQUATION
Proforma: Electrical\Batteries\Current as an input\Shepherd modified Hyman Equation\Type47e.tmf
和充电状态的公式。方程是由 hyman（modified shepherd）在这种模式下设计的，电流作为
输入。
mode utilizes formulas relating battery voltage, current and State Of Charge. The
equations are those devised by Hyman (modified Shepherd)
In this mode, the currenteff
输入功率-dq_dt=p POWER
is given AS AN INPUT - DQ_DT=P EFF
as input.
形式：电力 \\ 电池 \\ 输入功率 \\dq_dt=p eff\\type47a.tmf 。 Proforma:

Electrical\Batteries\Power as an input\dQ_dt=P eff\Type47a.tmf

何随时间变化，给定充电或放电速率。该形式对应于模式 1，基于电池的简单能量平衡。功率
只是作为输入。此模型不计算也不输出任何电流或电压值。
time, given the rate of charge or discharge. This proforma corresponds to Mode 1, based
on a simple energy balance of the battery. The power is simply taken as input. This model
does not calculate nor output any values of current or voltage.
功率作为输入的 shepherd 方程 POWER AS AN INPUT - SHEPHERD EQUATION
3–23
形式：电气 \\ 电池 \\ 作为输入的电源 \\ Shepherd 方程式 \\type47B.tmf Proforma:
Electrical\Batteries\Power as an input\Shepherd Equation\Type47b.tmf
和充电状态的公式。方程式是谢泼德设计的。shepherd 模型相对简单，hyman 模型（模式 3
和模式 5）在非常低的电流下更为现实。
are those devised by Shepherd. The Shepherd model is relatively simple and the Hyman
model (Mode 3 and 5) is more realistic at very low currents.
在这种模式下，电源作为输入提供。
In this mode, the power is given as input.
能量作为输入 -shepherd 修正的 hyman 方程 POWER AS AN INPUT - SHEPHERD

MODIFIED HYMAN EQUATION
形式：电气\\电池\\输入功率\\ Shepherd 修改的 Hyman 公式\\type47C.tmf。Proforma:

Electrical\Batteries\Power as an input\Shepherd modified Hyman Equation\Type47c.tmf
和充电状态的公式。方程式是海曼（改良牧羊人）设计的。
are those devised by Hyman (modified Shepherd)
在这种模式下，电源作为输入提供。
In this mode, the power is given as input.
具有放气电流效果 – 外部文件中的参数 WITH GASSING CURRENT EFFECTS –

PARAMETERS FROM EXTERNAL FILE
形式：电气 \\ 电池 \\ 带充气电流效果 \\ 185 型 .tmf 。 Proforma: Electrical\Batteries\With

Gassing Current Effects\Type185.tmf
3–24
185 型铅酸蓄电池是铅酸蓄电池的准静态数学模型。该模型使用了一个简单的等效电路，它
将电流、电压、电阻（与浓度-过电压有关）和容量联系起来。该模型的主要特点包括充气电
流损失、极化效应（充放电过程中）和不同充电状态下平衡电压的计算（Saupe，1993；
Ulleberg，1998）。
TYPE185 is a quasi-static mathematical model of lead-acid battery, or Pb-accumulator. The
model uses a simple equivalent circuit that relates the electrical currents, voltages,
resistance (related to the concentration- overvoltage), and capacity. The main features of
the model include gassing current losses, polarization effects (during charging and
discharging), and calculation of equilibrium voltage at various states of charge (Saupe,
1993; Ulleberg, 1998).
具有放气电流效果 – 来自形式表的参数。 WITH GASSING CURRENT EFFECTS –

PARAMETERS FROM PROFORMA
形式：电气 \\电池 \\带充气电流效果\\ 185A 型.tmf。Proforma: Electrical\Batteries\With

Gassing Current Effects\Type185a.tmf
185 型铅酸蓄电池是铅酸蓄电池的准静态数学模型。该模型使用了一个简单的等效电路，它
将电流、电压、电阻（与浓度-过电压有关）和容量联系起来。该模型的主要特点包括充气电
流损失、极化效应（充放电过程中）和不同充电状态下平衡电压的计算（Saupe，1993；
Ulleberg，1998）。
TYPE185 is a quasi-static mathematical model of lead-acid battery, or Pb-accumulator. The
model uses a simple equivalent circuit that relates the electrical currents, voltages,
resistance (related to the concentration- overvoltage), and capacity. The main features of
the model include gassing current losses, polarization effects (during charging and
discharging), and calculation of equilibrium voltage at various states of charge (Saupe,
1993; Ulleberg, 1998).
3.4.2.2. 母线 Busbar
交流母线 AC-BUSBAR
形式：电气母线交流母线 188A 型 TMF 。 Proforma: Electrical\Busbar\AC-

busbar\Type188a.tmf
这个子程序为可再生能源（re）氢（h2）储存系统的小型电网进行能量平衡计算，其中风能
和太阳能（pv）是主要能源，电解槽和燃料电池是氢储存系统的主要动力组件。
This subroutine performs the energy balance calculations for a mini-grid for a renewable
energy (RE) hydrogen (H2) storage system, where wind and solar (PV) energy are the
primary sources and an electrolyzer and a fuel cell are the main power components of the
H2-storage system.
3.4.2.3. 柴油机（degs）Diesel Engine (DEGS)

3–25
DEGS 调度控制器。DEGS DISPATCH CONTROLLER
形式：电气 \\ 柴油机（ DEGS ） \\ DEGS 调度控制器 \\Type102A.tmf 。 Proforma:

Electrical\Diesel Engine (DEGS)\DEGS Dispatch Controller\Type102a.tmf
此子程序包含一个或多个在分散式小电网中运行的柴油发电机组（DEG）的控制功能。类型
102 确定满足给定负载所需的 deg 总数和每 deg 的功率。在这个模型中，假设所有 DEG 都是
相同的，并且控制器所能处理的 DEG 的最大数量限制在 5。
This subroutine contains the control functions for one or several diesel engine generator
sets (DEGS) operating in decentralized power mini-grids. TYPE102 determines the total
number of DEGS and the power per DEGS required to meet a given load. In this model, all
of the DEGS are assumed to be identical and the maximum number of DEGS that can be
handled by the controller is limited to 5.
通用模型 GENERIC MODEL
形式：电气\\柴油机（DEGS）\\通用型\\ 120A 型.tmf。Proforma: Electrical\Diesel Engine

(DEGS)\Generic Model\Type120a.tmf
120 型是柴油发电机组（DEGS）的数学模型。该模型基于燃油消耗量的经验关系（一阶多项
式），表示为电力输出（标准化）的函数。计算了电气效率和燃油效率。在这种情况下，类
型 120 用于预测功率范围为 5-500kw 的通用 degs 的性能。一般模型外推
TYPE120 is a mathematical model for a diesel engine generator set (DEGS). The model is
based on an empirical relation (1st order polynomial) for the fuel consumption expressed as
a function of the electrical power output (normalized). Electrical and fuel efficiencies are
both calculated. In this instance, Type120 is used to predict the performance of a generic
DEGS in the power range 5-500 kW. The generic model extrapolates
从参考燃油效率曲线（平均 5 个不同的 deg）。通用模型包含了一个修正系数，该修正系数
来自 20 个远程区域电力系统（RAP）的实际数据测量，平均运行功率在 5-186 千瓦之间
（Lloyd，1999）。默认燃料为柴油（液体），但 120 型中包含燃料属性的数据库（Adler 等
人，1986；McCarthy，1982）使计算 5 种替代燃料的等效燃料流率（液体或气体）成为可
能：液化气（液化石油气）、丙烷（C3H8）、甲烷（CH4）、天然气或氢（H2）。
from a reference fuel efficiency curve (average of 5 different DEGS). The generic model
incorporates a correction factor derived from actual data measurements on DEGS for 20
remote area power systems (RAPS) with average operating powers in the range 5-186 kW
(Lloyd, 1999). The default fuel is diesel (liquid), but a database with fuel properties (Adler et
al., 1986; McCarthy, 1982) included in TYPE120 make it possible to calculate the equivalent
fuel flow rates (liquid or gas) for 5 alternative fuels: liquefied gas (LPG), propane (C3H8),
methane (CH4), natural gas, or hydrogen (H2).
比度数。SPECIFIC DEGS
形式：电气 \/ 柴油发动机。 Proforma: Electrical\Diesel Engine (DEGS)\Specific

DEGS\Type120b.tmf
3–26
120 型是柴油发电机组（DEGS）的数学模型。该模型基于油耗的经验关系（一阶多项式），
油耗表示为电耗的函数。
TYPE120 is a mathematical model for a diesel engine generator set (DEGS). The model is
based on an empirical relation (1st order polynomial) for the fuel consumption expressed as
a function of the electrical
功率输出（标准化）。计算了电气效率和燃油效率。在这种情况下，Type 120 可以用来预测
特定 DEGS 的性能，提供燃料消耗曲线。
power output (normalized). Electrical and fuel efficiencies are both calculated. In this
instance, Type120 can be is used to predict the performance of a specific DEGS, provided
a fuel consumption curve is supplied.
3.4.2.4. 小型电网控制器 MiniGrid Controller

小型电网控制器。MINIGRID CONTROLLER
形式：电气 \/ 小型电网控制器 105A 型 TMF 。 Proforma: Electrical\MiniGrid

Controller\Type105a.tmf
此子程序包含在远程柴油发电机系统（DEGS）小型电网中运行的燃料电池（FC）和电解槽
（ELY）的控制功能。介绍了燃料电池和电解槽开关的滞后现象。注意，在这种情况下，
“关闭”实际上意味着该装置在储氢压力水平或荷电状态（SOC）达到预定设定值之前一直
处于空转状态。
This subroutine contains the control functions for a fuel cell (FC) and electrolyzer (ELY)
operating in a remote area diesel engine generator system (DEGS) power mini-grid.
Hysteresis for the fuel cell and electrolyzer on/off- switching is introduced. Note that 'off' in
this case actually means that the unit is idling until the hydrogen storage pressure level, or
state of charge( SOC), has reached its predefined set point.
105 型确定了满足给定负载所需的总 deg 数和每 deg 所需的功率、燃料电池功率和电解槽功
率。考虑燃料电池和电解槽的最大（额定）和最小（空转）功率。
TYPE105 determines the total number of DEGS and the power per DEGS required, the fuel
cell power, and electrolyzer power to meet a given load. Maximum (rated) and minimum
(idling) powers for the fuel cell and electrolyzer are taken into consideration.
3.4.2.5. 光伏板。Photovoltaic Panels

高级型号–无 MPPT–无变频器 ADVANCED MODEL – NO MPPT – NO INVERTER
形式：电气\\光伏板\\高级型号\\无 MPPT \\无逆变器\\ 190A 型.tmf

Proforma: Electrical\Photovoltaic Panels\Advanced Model\no MPPT\no
inverter\Type190a.tmf
3–27
这个元件决定了光伏阵列的电性能。该模型基于 Desoto 等人（2005）提出的计算方法。190
型可用于涉及电蓄电池、直接负载耦合和公用电网连接的模拟。根据 MPPT 模式参数值，这
个组件可以模拟直接连接系统（在这种情况下，用户必须提供阵列工作电压作为输入）或具
有最大功率点跟踪器的阵列。该模型还具有采用附加参数来指定与光伏阵列本身耦合的逆变
器的能力。因此考虑了逆变器效率的影响。
This component determines the electrical performance of a photovoltaic array. The model is
based on the calculation method presented by DeSoto et al (2005). Type 190 may be used
in simulations involving electrical storage batteries, direct load coupling, and utility grid
connections. Depending on the MPPT mode parameter value this component can model
either direct connect systems (in which case the user must provide the array operating
voltage as an input) or an array with a maximum power point tracker. This model is also
equipped with the ability to take additional parameters to specify an inverter coupled with
the PV array itself. Inverter efficiency effects are thereby considered.
注：提供了一个外部工具，允许用户确定计算发电量所依据的五个常数的值。该工具位
于..\\trnsysxx\\tools\\pv_ref_params.exe 中。如果发现程序已过期，则可以从以下版本下载新
版本：
Notes: An external tool is provided to allow the user to determine the value of the five
constants based on which power generation is computed. The tool is located
in ..\TrnsysXX\Tools\PV_ref_params.exe. If the program is found to have expired a new
version can be downloaded from:
ADVANCED MODEL – NO MPPT – WITH INVERTER
http://www.fchart.com/ees/distributables.php
形式:电子\光伏板\高级模型\无 MPPT\有插件\190 型
Proforma: Electrical\Photovoltaic Panels\Advanced Model\no MPPT\with
inverter\Type190b.tmf
based on the
3–28
Desoto 等人（2005）提出的计算方法。190 型可用于涉及电蓄电池、直接负载耦合和公用电
网连接的模拟。根据 mppt 模式参数值，该组件可以对直接连接系统（在这种情况下，用户必
须提供阵列工作电压作为输入）或具有最大功率点跟踪器的阵列进行建模。该模型还具有采
用附加参数来指定与光伏阵列本身耦合的逆变器的能力。因此考虑了逆变器效率的影响。
于..\trnsysxx\tools\pv_ref_params.exe 中。如果发现程序已过期，则可以从以下网站下载新
版本：
calculation method presented by DeSoto et al (2005). Type 190 may be used in simulations
involving electrical storage batteries, direct load coupling, and utility grid connections.
Depending on the MPPT mode parameter value this component can model either direct
connect systems (in which case the user must provide the array operating voltage as an
input) or an array with a maximum power point tracker. This model is also equipped with
the ability to take additional parameters to specify an inverter coupled with the PV array
itself. Inverter efficiency effects are thereby considered.
ADVANCED MODEL – WITH MPPT – NO INVERTER
形式：电气\\光伏板\\高级型号\\带 MPPT \\无逆变器\\ 190C 型.tmf∏

Proforma: Electrical\Photovoltaic Panels\Advanced Model\with MPPT\no
inverter\Type190c.tmf
3–29
型可用于涉及电蓄电池、直接负载耦合和公用电网连接的模拟。根据 MPPT 模式参数值，该
组件可以模拟直接连接系统（在这种情况下，用户必须提供阵列操作电压作为输入）或具有
最大功率点跟踪器的阵列。该模型还具有采用附加参数来指定与光伏阵列本身耦合的逆变器
的能力。因此考虑了逆变器效率的影响。
于..\\trnsysxx\\tools\\pv_ref_params.exe 中。如果发现程序已过期，则可以从以下版本下载新
版本：。
ADVANCED MODEL – WITH MPPT – WITH INVERTER
Proforma: Electrical\Photovoltaic Panels\Advanced Model\with MPPT\with inverter\Type190d.tmf
3–30
型可用于涉及电蓄电池、直接负载耦合和公用电网连接的模拟。根据 mppt 模式参数值，该组
件可以对直接连接系统（在这种情况下，用户必须提供阵列工作电压作为输入）或具有最大
功率点跟踪器的阵列进行建模。该模型还具有采用附加参数来指定与光伏阵列本身耦合的逆
变器的能力。因此考虑了逆变器效率的影响。
于..\trnsysxx\tools\pv_ref_params.exe 中。如果发现程序已过期，则可以从以下网站下载新
版本：
BASIC MODEL – NO MPPT
形式：电子\光伏板\基础模型\无 MPPT\103a 型
Proforma: Electrical\Photovoltaic Panels\Baisc Model\no MPPT\ Type103a.tmf
该组件适用于模拟单晶体和多晶体光伏电池板的电性能。它不适合于薄膜光伏阵列的电性能
建模。它可用于两种模式之一，具体取决于第一个参数的设置方式。当 mppt mode 参数设置
为 0 时，假设光伏阵列直接连接到负载电压和/或电池。光伏/负载的工作电压是光伏模型的输
入。当 mppt mode 参数设置为 1 时，假设阵列通过最大功率点跟踪器连接到其负载。在这种
情况下，不需要负载电压作为输入。
This component is appropriate for modeling the electrical performance of mono and
polycrystaline photovoltaic panels. It is not appropriate for modeling the electrical
performance of thin film PV arrays. It may be used in one of two modes depending upon
how the first parameter is set. When the MPPT mode parameter is set to 0, the PV array is
assumed to be directly connected to a load voltage and/or to a battery. The operating
voltage of the PV/load is an input to the PV model. When the MPPT mode parameter is set
to 1 then the array is assumed to be connected to its load through a maximum power point
tracker. In this case the load voltage is not needed as an input.
BASIC MODEL – WITH MPPT

形式：电子\光伏板\基础模型\有 MPPT\103b 型
Proforma: Electrical\Photovoltaic Panels\Baisc Model\with MPPT\ Type103b.tmf
3–31
该组件适用于模拟单晶体和多晶体光伏电池板的电性能。它不适合于薄膜光伏阵列的电性能
建模。它可用于两种模式之一，具体取决于第一个参数的设置方式。当 mppt mode 参数设置
为 0 时，假设光伏阵列直接连接到负载电压和/或电池。光伏/负载的工作电压是光伏模型的输
入。当 mppt mode 参数设置为 1 时，假设阵列通过最大功率点跟踪器连接到其负载。在这种
情况下，不需要负载电压作为输入。
This component is appropriate for modeling the electrical performance of mono and
polycrystaline photovoltaic panels. It is not appropriate for modeling the electrical
performance of thin film PV arrays. It may be used in one of two modes depending upon
how the first parameter is set. When the MPPT mode parameter is set to 0, the PV array is
assumed to be directly connected to a load voltage and/or to a battery. The operating
voltage of the PV/load is an input to the PV model. When the MPPT mode parameter is set
to 1 then the array is assumed to be connected to its load through a maximum power point
tracker. In this case the load voltage is not needed as an input.
3.4.2.6. 功率条件 Power Conditioning

功率输入已知 POWER INPUT IS KNOWN
形式：电气\\电源调节\\电源输入已知\\类型 175A.tmf。
Proforma: Electrical\Power Conditioning\Power INPUT is known\Type175a.tmf
175 型是功率调节装置的数学模型。该模型是基于经验效率曲线的电子变换器（dc\/dc）或逆
变器（dc\/ac 或 ac\/dc）。在 Type 175 中使用的经验关系首先由（LoukAMP，1988）提
出，并通过（ULLBER，1998）进一步改进。在类型 175 的这种情况下，假定已知可用输入
功率。计算出相应的输出功率。
TYPE175 is a mathematical model for a power conditioning unit. The model is based on
empirical efficiency curves for electrical converters (DC/DC) or inverters (DC/AC or
AC/DC). The empirical relationship used in TYPE175 was first proposed by (Laukamp,
1988) and further improved by (Ulleberg, 1998). In this instance of Type175, it is assumed
that the available input power is known. Corresponding output power is calculated.
功率输出已知 POWER OUTPUT IS KNOWN
形式：电气\\功率调节\\功率输出已知\\类型 175B.tmf
Proforma: Electrical\Power Conditioning\Power OUTPUT is known\Type175b.tmf
3–32
175 型是功率调节装置的数学模型。该模型是基于经验效率曲线的电子变换器（dc\/dc）或逆
变器（dc\/ac 或 ac\/dc）。在 Type 175 中使用的经验关系首先由（LoukAMP，1988）提
出，并通过（ULLBER，1998）进一步改进。在类型 175 的这种情况下，假定已知所需的输
出功率。计算出相应的输入功率。
TYPE175 is a mathematical model for a power conditioning unit. The model is based on
empirical efficiency curves for electrical converters (DC/DC) or inverters (DC/AC or
AC/DC). The empirical relationship used in TYPE175 was first proposed by (Laukamp,
1988) and further improved by (Ulleberg, 1998). In this instance of Type175, it is assumed
that the required output power is known. Corresponding input power is calculated.
3.4.2.7. 调节器和逆变器 Regulators and Inverters

系统 W_u 电池存储-阵列 V=电池 V
SYSTEM W_ BATTERY STORAGE - ARRAY V = BATTERY V
形式：电子\调节器和逆变器\W 电池储存系统\数组 V=电池 V\48d 型
Proforma: Electrical\Regulators and Inverters\System w_ battery storage\Array V = Battery V\Type48d.tmf
在光伏发电系统中，需要两个功率调节装置。第一个是一个调节器，它将来自太阳能电池阵
列的直流电分配给蓄电池（在具有能量存储的系统中）和第二个组件逆变器。如果电池充满
电或只需要一个锥形充电，多余的电量要么被丢弃，要么不通过关闭阵列的部分来收集。逆
变器将直流电源转换为交流电源，并将其发送至负载和/或反馈至公用电。
48 型调节器和逆变器都有型号，可以在四种模式中的一种工作。模式 0 和 3 分别基于“无电
池/反馈系统”和“直接充电系统”。模式 1 和 2 是同一参考文献中“并联最大功率跟踪器系
统”的修改。
该形式对应于模式 3：集电极电压等于电池电压，电流代替配电，监测电池的充电状态和电
压。
In photovoltaic power systems, two power conditioning devices are needed. The first of
these is a regulator, which distributes DC power from the solar cell array to and from a
battery (in systems with energy storage) and to the second component, the inverter. If the
battery is fully charged or needs only a taper charge, excess power is either dumped or not
collected by turning off parts of the array. The inverter converts the DC power to AC and
sends it to the load and/or feeds it back to the utility.
TYPE 48 models both the regulator and inverter, and can operate in one of four modes.
Modes 0 and 3 are based upon the "no battery/feedback system" and "direct charge
system," respectively. Modes 1 and 2 are modifications of the "parallel maximum power
tracker system" in the same reference.
This proforma corresponds to Mode 3: Collector voltage equal to battery voltage, current
instead of power distribution, monitoring of battery state of charge and voltage.
系统 W_电池存储-MPP 跟踪-SOC 和 SOV 监测。SYSTEM W_ BATTERY STORAGE -

MPP TRACKING - SOC AND SOV MONITORING
3–33
形式表：电气调节器和逆变器系统，电池存储，MPP 跟踪，SOC 和 SOV 监控，48C 型，
TMF
Proforma: Electrical\Regulators and Inverters\System w_ battery storage\MPP
Tracking\SOC and SOV monitoring\Type48c.tmf

变器将直流电源转换为交流电源，并将其发送至负载和\/或反馈至公用电。
48 型既有调节器又有逆变器，可以以四种模式之一工作。模式 0 和 3 分别基于“无电池\/反
馈系统”和“直接充电系统”。模式 1 和 2 是同一参考文献中“并联最大功率跟踪器系统”
的修改。
此形式对应于模式 2：峰值功率跟踪采集器、电池、电池充电状态和电压的监测。
This proforma corresponds to Mode 2: Peak-power tracking collector, battery, monitoring of
battery state of charge and voltage
系统 W_电池存储-MPP 跟踪-仅限 SOC 监测。SYSTEM W_ BATTERY STORAGE - MPP

TRACKING - SOC MONITORING ONLY
形式：电气调节器和逆变器系统，带电池存储，MPP 跟踪，仅 SOC 监控，48B 型，tmf。

Proforma: Electrical\Regulators and Inverters\System w_ battery storage\MPP Tracking\SOC monitoring
only\Type48b.tmf
3–34
变器将直流电源转换为交流电源，并将其发送至负载和\/或反馈至公用电。
48 型既有调节器又有逆变器，可以以四种模式之一工作。模式 0 和 3 分别基于“无电池\/反
馈系统”和“直接充电系统”。模式 1 和 2 是同一参考文献中“并联最大功率跟踪器系统”
的修改。
此形式表对应于模式 1：峰值功率跟踪采集器、电池、充电状态监测。
This proforma corresponds to Mode 1: Peak-power tracking collector, battery, monitoring of
state of charge.
系统无蓄电池 SYSTEM W_O BATTERY STORAGE
形式：电气调节器和逆变器系统，不带蓄电池，48A 型，TMF。
Proforma: Electrical\Regulators and Inverters\System w_o battery storage\Type48a.tmf
变器将直流电源转换为交流电源，并将其发送到负载和\/或反馈给实用程序。
3–35
48 型调节器和逆变器都有型号，可以在四种模式中的一种工作。模式 0 和 3 分别基于“无电
池/反馈系统”和“直接充电系统”。模式 1 和 2 是同一参考文献中“并联最大功率跟踪器系
统”的修改。
该形式对应于模式 0：峰值功率跟踪采集器，无电池，功率反馈给一个实用程序。
This proforma corresponds to Mode 0: Peak-power tracking collector, no battery, power is
feedback to a utility.
3.4.2.8. 风力涡轮机 Wind Turbines

风力涡轮机。WIND TURBINES
形式：电气\/风力涡轮机 90.tmf
Proforma: Electrical\Wind Turbines\Type90.tmf
90 型是风能转换系统（WECS）的数学模型，该模型根据功率与风速的特性计算 WECS 的功
率输出（在外部文件中以表格形式提供）。模拟了空气密度变化和风速随高度增加的影响。
Type 90 is a mathematical model for a wind energy conversion system (WECS).The model
calculates the power output of a WECS based on a power versus wind speed characteristic
(provided on table form in an external file). The impact of air density changes and wind
speed increases with height is also modeled.
该模型中使用的主要方程基于（Quinlan，2000；Quinlan 等人，1996）的工作。
The main equations used in this model is based on the work of (Quinlan, 2000; Quinlan et
al., 1996).
3.4.3. 接地耦合 Ground Coupling

3.4.3.1. 地面板 Slab on Grade
地面板。SLAB ON GRADE
形式：地面连接件\\地面板\\类型 49.tmf
Proforma: Ground Coupling\Slab on Grade\Type49.tmf
3–36
该组件模拟了 TRNSYS 中一栋多区域 56 型建筑下方的土壤。该模型考虑了各区域外表面
（trnbuild 中的 qcomo）进入建筑物的传热，计算了全三维土壤温度分布，然后输出各区域的
平均地板下表面温度。地板下表面温度应与每层地板的输入外表面温度相连；其中地板被定
义为具有输入温度的边界墙。注-边界墙地板的背面电阻值应设置为 0.0001，以表示与背面表
面直接接触。
This component models the soil beneath a multi-zone Type 56 building in TRNSYS. The
model takes the heat transfer into the building at the outside surface (QCOMO in TrnBuild)
for each zone, calculates the fully 3-D soil temperature profile, and then outputs the
average underfloor surface temperature for each zone. This underfloor surface
temperature should be connected to the input outer surface temperature for each floor;
where the floors are defined as boundary walls with INPUT temperatures. Note - the
boundary wall floors should have the back side resistances set to a value of 0.0001 to
signify direct contact with the back-side surface.
3.4.4. 暖通空调 HVAC
3.4.4.1. 吸收式制冷机（热水，单效）。Absorption Chiller (Hot-Water

Fired, Single Effect)
吸收式制冷机（热水，单效）ABSORPTION CHILLER (HOT-WATER FIRED, SINGLE
EFFECT)
形式：暖通空调\/吸收式制冷机（热水，单效）107.tmf。
Proforma: HVAC\Absorption Chiller (Hot-Water Fired, Single Effect)\Type107.tmf
107 型采用标准化目录数据查找方法对单效热水吸收式制冷机进行建模。“热水燃烧”表
示提供给机器发电机的能量来自热水流。由于数据文件是标准化的，用户可以使用给
定的数据文件集对任何尺寸的冷水机组进行建模。提供了示例文件。
Type107 uses a normalized catalog data lookup approach to model a single-effect
hot-water fired absorption chiller. “Hot Water-Fired” indicates that the energy
supplied to the machine’s generator comes from a hot water stream. Because the
data files are normalized, the user may model any size chiller using a given set of
data files. Example files are provided.
3.4.4.2. 空气加热器 Air Heater

空气加热器。AIR HEATER
形式：暖通空调空气加热器 117 型 TMF。

Proforma: HVAC\Air Heater\Type117.tmf
3–37
该部件表示可在外部控制的空气加热装置，或设置为自动尝试并达到设定点温度。炉
子受加热能力和效率的约束。在这种类型中，炉子的热损失被忽略。空气的出口状态
由基于焓的能量平衡决定，该能量平衡考虑了压力效应。
This component represents an air heating device that can be controlled either
externally, or set to automatically try and attain a setpoint temperature. The furnace
is bound by a heating capacity and an efficiency. Thermal losses from the furnace
are ignored in this type. The outlet state of the air is determined by an enthalpy based
energy balance that takes pressure effects into account.
3.4.4.3. 风冷式冷水机组 Air-Cooled Chiller

风冷式冷水机组。AIR-COOLED CHILLER
形式：暖通空调\/风冷式冷水机组\/118 型.tmf。
Proforma: HVAC\Air-Cooled Chiller\Type118.tmf
118 型蒸汽压缩风冷式冷水机组。它依赖于作为外部文本文件提供的目录数据来确定
制冷机的性能。提供了示例数据文件和有关数据文件格式的信息。
Type118 models a vapor compression air-cooled chiller. It relies on catalog data
provided as external text files to determine chiller performance. Example data files
and information on data file format are provided.
3.4.4.4. 空气源热泵 Air-Source Heat Pump

电力辅助。ELECTRIC AUXILIARY
形式：暖通空调空气源热泵电辅 119A 型 tmf。

Proforma: HVAC\Air-Source Heat Pump\Electric Auxiliary\Type119a.tmf

类型 119 使用制造商的目录数据方法对空气源热泵进行建模（设备的冷凝器和蒸发器
侧都有空气流动）。该模型包括混合算法和阻尼器设置，以便室内空气可能是来自不
同来源（例如再循环和补充空气）的两股气流的结果。在加热模式下，该装置配备三
种辅助加热器类型之一：无辅助热、双元件电辅助热或燃气辅助热。
Type119 uses a manufacturer’s catalog data approach to model an air source heat
pump (air flows on both the condenser and evaporator sides of the device). The
model includes mixing algorithms and damper settings so that the indoor air may be
the result of two streams from different sources (recirculation and makeup air for
example). In heating mode, the device is equipped with one of three auxiliary heater
types: no auxiliary heat available, two element electric auxiliary heat, or gas fired
auxiliary heat.
气体辅助 GAS AUXILIARY
3–38
形式：暖通空调\/空气源热泵\/燃气辅助设备 119B 型.tmf。
Proforma: HVAC\Air-Source Heat Pump\Gas Auxiliary\Type119b.tmf

auxiliary heat.
无辅助 NO AUXILIARY
形式：暖通空调\空气源热泵\无辅助\119C 型
Proforma: HVAC\Air-Source Heat Pump\No Auxiliary\Type119c.tmf
auxiliary heat.
3.4.4.5. 热水器 Boiler

锅炉 BOILER
形式：暖通空调锅炉 122.tmf。Proforma: HVAC\Boiler\Type122.tmf

3–39
该部件为液体锅炉（辅助加热器）建模。此型号将尝试满足用户指定的出口温度，但
可能受到容量限制。可用容量的计算方法是将额定容量乘以输入控制信号。容量是指
流体的热量输入，而不是设备的总容量。在这个模型中，用户输入锅炉效率，然后将
其分为所需的流体能量，以计算输入到模型中所需的燃料。用户还提供用于计算锅炉
热损失的燃烧效率。由于锅炉热损失和任何循环效应，总效率低于燃烧效率。如果入
口流量为零，输入控制信号为零，或者入口温度大于或等于所需出口温度，则假定锅
炉关闭。如果由于容量限制而无法满足所需的出口条件，则机器将以其可用容量和计
算的出口状态运行。
This component models a fluid boiler (auxiliary heater). This model will attempt to
meet the user-specified outlet temperature but may be limited by capacity restraints.
The available capacity is calculated by multiplying the rated capacity by the input
control signal. The capacity refers to the heat input to the fluid and not the gross
capacity of the device. In this model, the user enters the boiler efficiency which is
then divided into the required fluid energy to calculate the required fuel input to the
model. The user also provides the combustion efficiency which is used to calculate
the boiler thermal losses. Overall efficiency is lower than the combustion efficiency
due to boiler thermal losses and any cycling effects. The boiler is assumed to be off
if the inlet flow rate is zero, the input control signal is zero, or if the inlet temperature
is greater than or equal to the desired outlet temperature. If the desired outlet
conditions cannot be met due to capacity limitations, the machine will run at its
available capacity and the outlet state calculated.
该模型基于 ASHRAE 在 2000 年出版的《ASHRAE 系统和设备手册》中对锅炉效率的
定义。
This model is based on ASHRAE's definition of boiler efficiencies as published in
2000 ASHRAE Systems and Equipment Handbook.
3.4.4.6. 调节设备 Conditioning Equipment

1 自变量 INDEPENDENT VARIABLE
形式：暖通空调设备 1 自变量 42C 型 TMF。
Proforma: HVAC\Conditioning Equipment\1 Independent Variable\Type42c.tmf
3–40
该组件模型的任何一个设备的性能可以在一个独立变量和 1 和 5 个依赖的性能变量的
特征。例如，环境源热泵的供热能力和 cop 仅取决于室外空气温度。
This component models any piece of equipment whose performance can be
characterized in terms of one independent variables and between 1 and 5
dependent performance variables. Examples include an ambient source heat pump
whose heating capacity and COP depend only on the outdoor air temperature.
设备性能由用户提供的稳态数据决定。不考虑与频繁循环或其他控制容量方法相关的
性能降低。这些效应可以通过使用 43 型部分负载性能部件来解释。
Equipment performance is determined from user-supplied steady-state data.
Reduced performance associated with frequent cycling or other means of controlling
capacity are not considered. These effects can be accounted for through the use of
the TYPE 43 Part Load Performance component.
设备由单个控制输入 y 控制。该部件输出的因变量值只是在当前条件下评估的每个性
能变量与控制功能的乘积。如果 y 为 0，则所有输出均为 0。如果 y 为 1，则输出是来
自用户提供的数据的插值。使用标准 Trnsys 数据读取例程读取和插值设备性能数据。
The equipment is controlled by a single control input, Y. The values of the dependent
variables output by this component are just the product of each performance
variable evaluated at the current conditions and the control function. If Y is 0, then all
outputs are 0. If Y is 1, then the outputs are the interpolated values from the user
supplied data. The equipment performance data is read and interpolated using the
standard TRNSYS Data Reading routine.
2 自变量 INDEPENDENT VARIABLES

形式：暖通空调\设备条件\2 个独立变量\42b 型
Proforma: HVAC\Conditioning Equipment\2 Independent Variables\Type42b.tmf
3–41
该组件对任何一台设备进行建模，其性能可以用两个独立变量和 1 到 5 个相关性能变
量来描述。例如，空调的制冷量和 cop 取决于环境温度和湿度。设备性能由用户提供
的稳态数据决定。不考虑与频繁循环或其他控制容量方法相关的性能降低。这些影响
可以通过使用 43 型部分负载性能组件来解释。
自用户提供的数据的插值。使用标准 TRNSYS 数据读取例程读取和插值设备性能数
据。
characterized in terms of two independent variables and between 1 and 5
dependent performance variables. Examples include an air conditioner whose
cooling capacity and COP depend upon the ambient temperature and humidity .
Equipment performance is determined from user-supplied steady-state data.
Reduced performance associated with frequent cycling or other means of controlling
capacity are not considered. These effects can be accounted for through the use of
the TYPE 43 Part Load Performance component.
variable evaluated at the current conditions and the control function. If Y is 0, then
all outputs are 0. If Y is 1, then the outputs are the interpolated values from the user
3 自变量 INDEPENDENT VARIABLES
形式：暖通空调设备 3 自变量 42A 型 TMF。

Proforma: HVAC\Conditioning Equipment\3 Independent Variables\Type42a.tmf
3–42
该组件模型的任何一个设备的性能可以在三个独立变量和 1 和 5 个相关的性能变量的
特征。示例包括化学热泵，其性能以发电机、蒸发器和冷凝器条件为特征。设备性能
由用户提供的稳态数据决定。不考虑与频繁循环或其他控制容量方法相关的性能降
低。这些效应可以通过使用 43 型部分负载性能部件来解释。
characterized in terms of three independent variables and between 1 and 5
dependent performance variables. Examples include a chemical heat pump whose
performance is characterized in terms of generator, evaporator, and condenser
conditions. Equipment performance is determined from user-supplied steady-state
data. Reduced performance associated with frequent cycling or other means of
controlling capacity are not considered. These effects can be accounted for through
the use of the TYPE 43 Part Load Performance component.
自用户提供的数据的插值。使用标准 Trnsys 数据读取例程读取和插值设备性能数据。
variable evaluated at the current conditions and the control function. If Y is 0, then all
outputs are 0. If Y is 1, then the outputs are the interpolated values from the user
3.4.4.7. 冷却盘管。Cooling Coils

详细-环形翅片。DETAILED - ANNULAR FINS
形式：暖通空调冷却盘管详细环形翅片 52A 型 tmf。

Proforma: HVAC\Cooling Coils\Detailed\Annular Fins\Type52a.tmf
3–43
该部件利用 braun 提出的有效性模型对除湿冷却盘管的性能进行建模。用户必须指定
冷却盘管和风道的几何图形。在 52 型的这种情况下，规定了环形翅片。该模型不考虑
结冰条件下线圈上的结冰情况。
用户可以选择简单或详细的分析级别。详细程度决定了用于模拟在部分潮湿和干燥条
件下运行的线圈的方法。在详细分析中，对线圈的每一个干和湿部分分别进行分析。
在简单的分析中，假设部分干燥和潮湿的线圈是全湿或全干的。这在数学描述中有进
一步的解释。
This component models the performance of a dehumidifying cooling coil using the
effectiveness model outlined by Braun. The user must specify the geometry of the
cooling coil and air duct. In this instance of Type52, annular fins are specified. The
model does not account for ice formation on the coils during icing conditions.
Either a simple or detailed level of analysis may be chosen by the user. The level of
detail determines the method used in modeling a coil operating under partially wet
and dry conditions. In the detailed analysis a separate analysis is used for each of
the dry and wet portions of the coil. In the simple level of analysis, the partially dry
and wet coil is assumed to be either all wet or all dry. This is explained further in the
mathematical description.
简单的分析提供了一个更快的计算线圈性能的方法，通常只会有很小的精度降低。
The simple analysis provides a faster calculation of coil performance with normally
only a small decrease in accuracy.
详细-矩形翅片。DETAILED - RECTANGULAR FINS
形式：暖通空调\/冷却盘管\/详图\/矩形翅片\/52B 型.tmf。
Proforma: HVAC\Cooling Coils\Detailed\Rectangular Fins\Type52b.tmf
该部件利用 braun 提出的有效性模型对除湿冷却盘管的性能进行建模。用户必须指定
冷却盘管和风道的几何图形。在这个类型 52 的实例中，。
This component models the performance of a dehumidifying cooling coil using the
effectiveness model outlined by Braun. The user must specify the geometry of the
cooling coil and air duct. In this instance of Type52,
3–44
规定了连续平板翅片。该模型不考虑结冰条件下线圈上的结冰情况。
用户可以选择简单或详细的分析级别。详细程度决定了用于模拟在部分潮湿和干燥条
件下运行的线圈的方法。在详细分析中，对线圈的每一个干和湿部分分别进行分析。
在简单的分析中，假设部分干燥和潮湿的线圈是全湿或全干的。这在数学描述中有进
一步的解释。
简单的分析提供了一个更快的计算线圈性能，通常只有一个小的精度下降。
continuous flat plate fins are specified. The model does not account for ice formation
on the coils during icing conditions.
Either a simple or detailed level of analysis may be chosen by the user. The level of
detail determines the method used in modeling a coil operating under partially wet
and dry conditions. In the detailed analysis a separate analysis is used for each of
the dry and wet portions of the coil. In the simple level of analysis, the partially dry
and wet coil is assumed to be either all wet or all dry. This is explained further in the
mathematical description.
The simple analysis provides a faster calculation of coil performance with normally
only a small decrease in accuracy.
简单-全干或全湿。SIMPLE – ALL DRY OR ALL WET
形式：暖通空调\\冷却盘管\\简单型\\全干型或全湿型\\ 123 型.tmf。

Proforma: HVAC\Cooling Coils\Simple\All Dry or All Wet\Type123.tmf

简单的冷却线圈模型在不考虑线圈的详细几何特性的情况下，可以很好地估计其性
能。模型参数仅为线圈的热力学性质，无需具体厂家数据。仿真模型基于 ashrae 二次
工具包和 chillar 等人提出的修改。简单的冷却盘管模型有两种版本。此版本假定线圈
始终是完全干燥或潮湿的。
The simple cooling coil model provides a good estimation of the performance without
the detailed geometric characteristics of the coil. The parameters of the model are
only thermodynamic properties of the coil, which require no specific manufacturer’s
data. The simulation model is based on the ASHRAE Secondary Toolkit and
modifications proposed by Chillar, et al. There are two versions of the simple cooling
coil model. This version assumes that the coil is always either totally dry or wet.
简单-部分湿计算。SIMPLE – PARTIALLY WET CALCULATIONS
形式：暖通空调\\冷却盘管\\简单\\部分湿计算\\ 124 类.tmf。

Proforma: HVAC\Cooling Coils\Simple\Partially Wet Calculations\Type124.tmf
3–45
简单的冷却线圈模型在不考虑线圈的详细几何特性的情况下，可以很好地估计其性
能。模型参数仅为线圈的热力学性质，无需具体厂家数据。仿真模型基于 ashrae 二次
工具包和 chillar 等人提出的修改。简单的冷却盘管模型有两种版本。此版本将迭代以
确定线圈是否部分湿润时的性能。由于迭代的缘故，这个版本比 123 型慢，123 型假
定线圈是完全干的或湿的。
The simple cooling coil model provides a good estimation of the performance without
data. The simulation model is based on the ASHRAE Secondary Toolkit and
modifications proposed by Chillar, et al. There are two versions of the simple cooling
coil model. This version will iterate to determine the performance if the coil is
partially wet. Because of the iterations, this version is slower than Type 123 which
assumes the coil is either completely dry or wet
3.4.4.8. 冷却塔。Cooling Towers

详细-外部控制-外部性能文件。DETAILED – EXTERNAL CONTROLS - EXTERNAL PERFORMANCE FILE
形式： hvac\\colling towers\\detailed\\external controls\\external performance

file\\type162a.tmf。
Proforma: HVAC\Cooling Towers\Detailed\External Controls\External Performance
File\Type162a.tmf
3–46
在冷却塔中，由于与空气的温差和蒸发到空气中的质量传递，热水流直接与空气流接
触，并由于显热传递而冷却。气流和水流可以逆流或横流布置。环境空气通过落水向
上吸入。大多数水塔含有一种填充材料，可以增加与空气接触的水面面积。冷却塔通
常由几个平行的塔单元组成，它们共用一个集水坑。塔单元的失水将被水池的补充水
所代替。
In a cooling tower, a hot water stream is in direct contact with an air stream and
cooled as a result of sensible heat transfer due to temperature differences with the
air and mass transfer resulting from evaporation to the air. The air and water
streams may be configured in either counterflow or crossflow arrangements. Ambient
air is drawn upward through the falling water. Most towers contain a fill material
which increases the water surface area in contact with the air. A cooling tower is
usually composed of several tower cells that are in parallel and share a common
sump. Water loss from the tower cells is replaced with make-up water to the sump.
该组件模拟多单元逆流或横流冷却塔和集水坑的性能。此模型有两种主要模式。在这
种情况下（模式 2），用户输入冷却塔的总体性能数据，模型确定参数 c 和 n，这些参
数在最小二乘意义上提供了与数据的最佳拟合。C 和 N 的值被输出，并且可以在随后
的模拟中使用，而不是重新计算它们。
This component models the performance of a multiple-cell counterflow or crossflow
cooling tower and sump. There are two primary modes for this model. In this
instance (MODE 2), the user enters overall performance data for the cooling tower
and the model determines the parameters c and n that provide a best fit to the data in
a least-squares sense. Values for c and n are output and can be used in
subsequent simulations instead of the program recalculating them.
此组件还具有两种控制模式。在这种情况下（控制模式 0），模型采用塔式风扇。
This component also has two control modes. In this instance (control mode 0) the
model takes the tower fan
speed as an input.
详细 - 外部控制 - 用户提供的系数。 DETAILED – EXTERNAL CONTROLS - USER-
SUPPLIED COEFFICIENTS
形式：暖通空调\\冷却塔\\详细\\外部控制\\用户提供的系数\\ 162B 型.tmf。

Proforma: HVAC\Cooling Towers\Detailed\External Controls\User-Supplied
Coefficients\Type162b.tmf
3–47
所代替。
该组件模拟多单元逆流或横流冷却塔和集水坑的性能。此模型有两种主要计算模式。
在本例计算模式 1）中，用户输入传质相关系数 c 和 n。虽然很难获得该数据，但
ashrae 设备指南（1）和 simpson 和 sherwood（2）给出了一些典型数据。
cooling tower and sump. There are two primary calculation modes for this model. In
this instance calculation mode 1) the user enters the coefficients of the mass
transfer correlation, c and n. Although this data is difficult to obtain, the ASHRAE
Equipment Guide (1) and Simpson and Sherwood (2) give some typical data.
此组件还具有两种控制模式。在这种情况下（控制模式 0），模型将塔风机速度作为
输入。
model takes the tower fan speed as an input.
详细-内部控制-外部绩效文件。DETAILED – INTERNAL CONTROLS - EXTERNAL PERFORMANCE FILE
形式：暖通空调\\冷却塔\\详细\\内部控制\\外部性能文件\\type162c.tmf。
Proforma: HVAC\Cooling Towers\Detailed\Internal Controls\External Performance
File\Type162c.tmf
3–48
所代替。
该组件模拟多单元逆流或横流冷却塔和集水坑的性能。此模型有两种主要模式。在这
种情况下（模式 2），用户输入冷却塔的总体性能数据，模型确定参数 c 和 n，这些参
数在最小二乘意义上提供了与数据的最佳拟合。C 和 N 的值被输出，并且可以在随后
的模拟中使用，而不是重新计算它们。
cooling tower and sump. There are two primary modes for this model. In this
instance (MODE 2), the user enters overall performance data for the cooling tower
and the model determines the parameters c and n that provide a best fit to the data in
a least-squares sense. Values for c and n are output and can be used in
subsequent simulations instead of the program recalculating them.
此组件还具有两种控制模式。在这种情况下（控制模式 1），该模型计算风机速度，
以最佳实现用户指定的风机出水口温度。假设所有塔式风机的运行速度相同。
model computes the tower fan speed required to best achieve a user specified tower
water outlet temperature. All of the tower fans are assumed to run at the same
speed.
详细-内部控制-用户提供系数。DETAILED – INTERNAL CONTROLS - USER-SUPPLIED COEFFICIENTS
形式：暖通空调\\冷却塔\\详细\\内部控制\\用户提供系数\\ 162D 型.tmf。

Proforma: HVAC\Cooling Towers\Detailed\Internal Controls\User-Supplied
Coefficients\Type162d.tmf
3–49
常由几个平行的塔单元组成，它们共用一个集水坑。塔单元的失水被补充到集水坑的
水所代替。
该组件模拟多单元逆流或横流冷却塔和集水坑的性能。此模型有两种主要计算模式。
在本例计算模式 1）中，用户输入传质相关系数 c 和 n。虽然很难获得该数据，但
ashrae 设备指南（1）和 simpson 和 sherwood（2）给出了一些典型数据。
此组件还具有两种控制模式。在这种情况下（控制模式 1），该模型计算风机速度，
以最佳实现用户指定的风机出水口温度。假设所有塔式风机的运行速度相同。
cooling tower and sump. There are two primary calculation modes for this model. In
this instance calculation mode 1) the user enters the coefficients of the mass
transfer correlation, c and n. Although this data is difficult to obtain, the ASHRAE
Equipment Guide (1) and Simpson and Sherwood (2) give some typical data.
model computes the tower fan speed required to best achieve a user specified tower
water outlet temperature. All of the tower fans are assumed to run at the same
speed.
简单-单速-控制信号。SIMPLE – SINGLE SPEED – CONTROL SIGNAL
形式：暖通空调\\冷却塔\\简单\\单速\\控制信号\\ 126 型.tmf。

Proforma: HVAC\Cooling Towers\Simple\Single Speed\Control Signal\Type126.tmf
3–50
126 型评估冷却塔的性能，无需任何塔的详细配置参数。相反，它使用设计入口和出
口条件来计算塔的总传热系数（ua），然后使用该 ua 值来估计其他入口条件下的性
能。此版本计算单速冷却塔的性能，该冷却塔在风扇打开和关闭（自然对流）的情况
下为流体提供冷却。此版本的控件是一个风扇和流体控制信号，其中模型计算将通过
入口条件和控制信号实现的出口条件。
Type 126 estimates the performance of a cooling tower without any detailed
parameters of the tower configuration. Instead it uses the design inlet and outlet
conditions to calculate an overall heat transfer coefficient (UA) for the tower and
then uses that UA value to estimate performance at other inlet conditions. This
version calculates the performance of a single speed cooling tower that provides
cooling to the fluid stream with the fan on and fan off (natural convection). The
control for this version is a fan and fluid control signal where the model calculates
the outlet conditions that would be achieved with the inlet conditions and control
signals.
简单-单速-设定点。SIMPLE – SINGLE SPEED – SETPOINT
形式：暖通空调\\冷却塔\\简单型\\单速型\\设定值型\\ 161.tmf。
Proforma: HVAC\Cooling Towers\Simple\Single Speed\Setpoint\Type161.tmf
161 型评估了冷却塔的性能，但没有塔结构的任何详细参数。相反，它使用设计入口
和出口条件来计算塔的总传热系数（ua），然后使用该 ua 值来估计其他入口条件下的
性能。此版本计算单速冷却塔的性能，该冷却塔在风扇打开和关闭（自然对流）的情
况下为流体提供冷却。在此版本的冷却塔中，离开冷却塔的流体所需的温度是一个输
入。然后，该模型确定哪个速度（关闭、自然对流或风扇运行）会导致温度低于设定
值。如果将流体冷却至设定值所需的容量超过入口条件下塔的容量，则模型计算风扇
打开时的剩余流体温度。
version calculates the performance of a single speed cooling tower that provides
cooling to the fluid stream with the fan on and fan off (natural convection). In this
version of the cooling tower, the desired temperature of the fluid leaving the tower is
an input. The model then determines which speed (off, natural convection, or fan
operating) creates a temperature colder than the setpoint. If the capacity needed to
cool the fluid down to the setpoint exceeds the capacity of the tower at the inlet
conditions, the model calculates the leaving fluid temperature with the fan on.
简单双速控制信号。SIMPLE – TWO-SPEED – CONTROL SIGNAL
形式：暖通空调\\冷却塔\\简单\\双速\\控制信号\\ 128 型.tmf。

Proforma: HVAC\Cooling Towers\Simple\Two-Speed\Control Signal\Type128.tmf

3–51
128 型评估冷却塔的性能，无需任何塔配置的详细参数。相反，它使用设计入口和出
能。此版本计算双速冷却塔的性能，该冷却塔在风扇高速、低速和关闭（自然对流）
时为流体提供冷却。此版本的控件是一个风扇和流体控制信号，其中模型计算将通过
入口条件和控制信号实现的出口条件。
version calculates the performance of a two speed cooling tower that provides
cooling to the fluid stream with the fan at high speed, at low speed, and off (natural
convection). The control for this version is a fan and fluid control signal where the
model calculates the outlet conditions that would be achieved with the inlet conditions
and control signals.
简单-双速-设定点。SIMPLE – TWO-SPEED – SETPOINT

形式：暖通空调\冷却塔\简单\双速\设定点\129 型
Proforma: HVAC\Cooling Towers\Simple\Two-Speed\Setpoint\Type129.tmf
129 型评估冷却塔的性能，无需任何塔的详细配置参数。相反，它使用设计入口和出
能。此版本计算双速冷却塔的性能，该冷却塔在风扇高速、低速和关闭（自然对流）
时为流体提供冷却。在此版本的冷却塔中，离开冷却塔的流体所需的温度是一个输
入。然后，该模型确定哪个速度（关闭、自然对流、低速风扇或高速风扇）会导致温
度低于设定值。如果将流体冷却至设定值所需的容量超过入口条件下塔的容量，则该
模型将在高速风扇打开的情况下计算离开流体的温度。
version calculates the performance of a two speed cooling tower that provides
cooling to the fluid stream with the fan at high speed, at low speed, and off (natural
convection). In this version of the cooling tower, the desired temperature of the fluid
leaving the tower is an input. The model then determines which speed (off, natural
convection, low speed fan or high speed fan) creates a temperature colder than the
setpoint. If the capacity needed to cool the fluid down to the setpoint exceeds the
capacity of the tower at the inlet conditions, the model calculates the leaving fluid
temperature with the high speed fan on.
3.4.4.9. DX 线圈。DX Coil

DX 线圈。DX COIL
形式：HVAC\\DX COIL\\type136.tmf。
Proforma: HVAC\DX Coil\Type136.tmf
3–52
136 型使用制造商的目录数据方法对空气-空气热泵部分进行建模，该部分可能出现在
空气处理器中。它不包括混合回流空气和新鲜空气的算法，也不包括任何辅助加热，
也不包括定义家用\/厂用水加热减温器的能力。由于缺少这些特性，类型 136 可以用来
模拟空气处理器的 DX 线圈-冷凝器组件。
Type 136 uses a manufacturer’s catalog data approach to model an air to air heat
pump section that might appear in an air handler. It does not include algorithms to
mix return and fresh air, it does not include any auxiliary heating, and it does not
include the ability to define a domestic/service water heating desuperheater.
Because of the lack of these features, Type 136 can be used to model a DX Coil –
Condenser component of an air handler.
3.4.4.10. 风机盘管。Fan Coil

风机盘管。FAN COIL
形式：暖通空调风机盘管 137.tmf。
Proforma: HVAC\Fan Coil\Type137.tmf
该组件模拟风机盘管，当空气通过包含冷热液体流的盘管时，空气在其中被加热或冷
却。该模型依赖于用户提供的外部数据文件，其中包含作为输入空气和流体条件函数
的线圈性能。有关这些外部文件的格式，请参阅随此模型提供的示例数据文件。
This component models a fan coil where the air is heated or cooled as it passes
across coils containing hot and cold liquid flow streams. This model relies on user-
provided external data files which contain the performance of the coils as a function
of the entering air and fluid conditions. Refer to the sample data files which
accompany this model for the format of these external files.
3.4.4.11. 流体加热器。Fluid Heater

形式：暖通空调流体加热器 138 型 TMF。
Proforma: HVAC\Fluid Heater\Type138.tmf
3–53
采用内部控制、外部控制或两种控制方式的组合，对辅助加热器进行建模，以提高气
流的温度。加热器设计用于在外部控制输入等于 1 且加热器出口温度小于用户指定的
最大值（Tset）时，以用户指定的速率（qmax）向气流中添加热量。通过指定一个控
制功能的恒定值并指定足够大的 qmax 值，此例行程序将执行类似于带有内部控制的
家用热水辅助设备，以保持 tset 的出口温度。通过从恒温器或控制器提供零或一的控
制功能，此例行程序将像加热器一样以 qmax 的速率添加热量，但不超过。
An auxiliary heater is modeled to elevate the temperature of a flow stream using
either internal control, external control or a combination of both types of control. The
heater is designed to add heat to the flow stream at a user- designated rate (Qmax)
whenever the external control input is equal to one and the heater outlet temperature
is less than a user-specified maximum (Tset). By specifying a constant value of the
control function of one and specifying a sufficiently large value of Qmax, this routine
will perform like a domestic hot water auxiliary with internal control to maintain an
outlet temperature of Tset. By providing a control function of zero or one from a
thermostat or controller, this routine will perform like a heater adding heat at a rate of
Qmax but not exceeding an
测试仪出口温度。在这种应用中，不寻求恒定的出口温度，可将 tset 视为任意的安全

极限。
outlet temperature of Tset. In this application, a constant outlet temperature is not
sought and Tset may be thought of as an arbitrary safety limit.
3.4.4.12. 炉。Furnace
形式：暖通空调炉 139 型 tmf。
Proforma: HVAC\Furnace\Type139.tmf

该部件表示可在外部控制的空气加热装置，或设置为自动尝试并达到设定点温度。炉
子受加热能力和效率的约束。炉子的热损失以平均气温为基础。空气的出口状态由基
于焓的能量平衡决定，该能量平衡考虑了压力效应。这个模型包括一个鼓风机，它可
以控制空气通过装置的流动。
This component represents an air heating device that can be controlled either
externally, or set to automatically try and attain a setpoint temperature. The furnace
is bound by a heating capacity and an efficiency. Thermal losses from the furnace
are based on the average air temperature. The outlet state of the air is determined by
an enthalpy based energy balance that takes pressure effects into account. This
model includes a blower that can control the flow of air through the device.
3.4.4.13. 加热盘管。Heating Coil

常量 UA。CONSTANT UA
3–54
形式：暖通空调\\加热线圈\\恒定 ua\\type140.tmf。
Proforma: HVAC\Heating Coil\Constant UA\Type140.tmf
简单的加热线圈模型在不考虑线圈详细几何特性的情况下，可以很好地估计其性能。
模型参数仅为线圈的热力学性质，无需具体厂家数据。仿真模型基于 ashrae 二次工具
包。简单的加热线圈模型有两种版本。此版本假定，无论入口条件如何，线圈的传热
系数（Ua）都是恒定的∏∏。
The simple heating coil model provides a good estimation of the performance without
data. The simulation model is based on the ASHRAE Secondary Toolkit. There are
two versions of the simple heating coil model. This version assumes that the heat
transfer coefficient (UA) for the coil is constant regardless of the inlet conditions
变化的 UA。VARYING UA
形式：暖通空调\\加热盘管\\变型 UA\\141 型.tmf。

Proforma: HVAC\Heating Coil\Varying UA\Type141.tmf

简单的加热线圈模型在不考虑线圈详细几何特性的情况下，可以很好地估计其性能。
模型参数仅为线圈的热力学性质，无需具体厂家数据。仿真模型基于 ashrae 二次工具
包。简单的加热线圈模型有两种版本。该版本根据入口条件，采用润湿器技术，改变
盘管的传热系数（Ua）。
The simple heating coil model provides a good estimation of the performance without
data. The simulation model is based on the ASHRAE Secondary Toolkit. There are
two versions of the simple heating coil model. The version varies the heat transfer
coefficient (UA) for the coil based on the inlet conditions using a technique by
Wetter.
3.4.4.14. 成套终端空调。Packaged Terminal Air Conditioner

成套终端空调。PACKAGED TERMINAL AIR CONDITIONER
形式：暖通空调成套终端空调 144.tmf。
Proforma: HVAC\Packaged Terminal Air Conditioner\Type144.tmf
3–55
该组件为住宅或商业应用的空调建模。该模型需要一个包含性能数据的外部文件，其
中包含总容量、可感知容量和功率，作为。
This component models an air conditioner for residential or commercial applications.
The model requires an external file of performance data that contains the total
capacity, sensible capacity and power as a function of the
室外干球温度、室内干球温度、室内湿球温度和蒸发器流量。
outdoor dry bulb temperature, the indoor dry bulb temperature, the indoor wet bulb
temperature, and the evaporator flow rate.
3.4.4.15. 部分负载性能。Part Load Performance

线性负载。LINEAR WITH LOAD
形式：暖通空调\\部分负荷性能\\与负荷线性关系\\type43b.tmf。
Proforma: HVAC\Part Load Performance\Linear with Load\Type43b.tmf

该组件确定在低于满负荷运行的加热或冷却设备的采购能源需求和平均运行效率（或
cop）。这种情况通常是由于机器的容量以某种方式被调制以匹配某一过程的能量需求
或负载。需要全负荷能力和效率以及负荷（或部分负荷能力）作为该部件的输入。建
筑物的能源负荷可根据 TRNSYS 文件集“建筑负荷和结构”一节中的概述，使用能源
率控制进行计算。用户还必须提供部分负载系数（plf）和占空比倒数之间的关系。在
类型 43 的这种情况下，plf 与占空比倒数之间的关系被假定为线性关系。用户必须将
关系的斜率指定为模型的参数。
This component determines purchased energy requirements and average operating
efficiency (or COP) for heating or cooling equipment that is operating at less than full
capacity. This condition generally results from the capacity of a machine being
modulated in some manner to match the energy requirement or load of some
process. The full-load capacity and efficiency, along with the load (or part-load
capacity) are required as inputs to this component. Energy loads for buildings may
be calculated as outlined in the Building Loads and Structures Section of the
TRNSYS documentation set using energy rate control. The user must also provide a
relationship between the part-load factor (PLF) and the reciprocal of the duty cycle.
In this instance of Type43, the relationship between PLF and the reciprocal of the
duty cycle is assumed to be linear. The user must specify the slope of the relation as
a parameter to the model.
从外部文件执行。PERFORMANCE FROM EXTERNAL FILE

形式：hvac\\part load performance\\performance from external file\\type43a.tmf。
Proforma: HVAC\Part Load Performance\Performance from External
File\Type43a.tmf
3–56
该组件确定在低于满负荷运行的加热或冷却设备的采购能源需求和平均运行效率（或
cop）。这种情况通常是由于机器的容量以某种方式被调制以匹配某一过程的能量需求
或负载。需要全负荷能力和效率以及负荷（或部分负荷能力）作为该部件的输入。建
筑物的能源负荷可根据 TRNSYS 文件集“建筑负荷和结构”一节中的概述，使用能源
率控制进行计算。用户还必须在标准 Trnsys 数据读取例程将读取的外部数据文件中，
提供部分负载系数（PLF）和占空比倒数之间的关系。
This component determines purchased energy requirements and average operating
efficiency (or COP) for heating or cooling equipment that is operating at less than full
capacity. This condition generally results from the capacity of a machine being
modulated in some manner to match the energy requirement or load of some
process. The full-load capacity and efficiency, along with the load (or part-load
capacity) are required as inputs to this component. Energy loads for buildings may
be calculated as outlined in the Building Loads and Structures Section of the
TRNSYS documentation set using energy rate control. The user must also provide a
relationship between the part-load factor (PLF) and the reciprocal of the duty cycle
in an external data file that will be read by the standard TRNSYS Data Reading
routine.
3.4.4.16. 分体式空调。Split System AC

分体式空调。SPLIT SYSTEM AC
形式：暖通空调\/分体式空调系统-144.tmf。
Proforma: HVAC\Split System AC\Type144.tmf

该组件为住宅或商业应用的空调建模。该模型需要一个外部性能数据文件，该文件包
含总容量、显热容量和功率，作为室外干球温度、室内干球温度、室内湿球温度和蒸
发器流量的函数。
This component models an air conditioner for residential or commercial applications.
The model requires an external file of performance data that contains the total
capacity, sensible capacity and power as a function of the outdoor dry bulb
temperature, the indoor dry bulb temperature, the indoor wet bulb temperature, and
the evaporator flow rate.
3.4.4.17. 变风量空气处理机。VAV Air Handlers

变风量空调。VAV
形式：暖通空调空气处理机。
Proforma: HVAC\VAV Air Handlers\VAV\Type151.tmf
3–57
该子程序为 TRNSYS 的变风量空气处理器建模。空气处理器包括风扇、加热线圈、冷
却线圈和可选的省煤器和预热线圈。该模型的目的是连接到建筑物模型，可以计算显
着的能量速率控制负载（类型 56 等）。用户不应指定能量率控制除湿系统，而应将模
型中的水分去除率作为负水分增益连接到建筑模型中。
The subroutine models a VAV air handler for TRNSYS. The air handler contains a
fan, heating coil, cooling coil and optional economizer and preheat coil. The model
is intended to be connected to building models that can calculate sensible energy-
rate-control loads (Type 56 etc.). The user should not specify the energy rate control
dehumidification system, but rather should connect the moisture removal rate from
the model as a negative moisture gain into the building model.
带 pfp 箱的 vav。VAV WITH PFP BOXES
形式：暖通空调\/变风量空调器\/带 pfp 箱的变风量空调器\/152.tmf 型。

Proforma: HVAC\VAV Air Handlers\VAV with PFP Boxes\Type152.tmf
该子程序对带有并联动力（pfp）风机箱的 trnsys 变风量空调器进行建模。空气处理器
包括风扇、加热线圈、冷却线圈和可选的省煤器和预热线圈。该模型的目的是连接到
建筑物模型，可以计算显着的能量速率控制负载（类型 56 等）。用户不应指定能量率
控制除湿系统，而应将模型中的水分去除率作为负水分增益连接到建筑模型中。
The subroutine models a VAV air handler with parallel powered (PFP) fan boxes for
TRNSYS. The air handler contains a fan, heating coil, cooling coil and optional
economizer and preheat coil. The model is intended to be connected to building
models that can calculate sensible energy-rate-control loads (Type 56 etc.). The
user should not specify the energy rate control dehumidification system, but rather
should connect the moisture removal rate from the model as a negative moisture
gain into the building model.
3.4.4.18. 水冷式冷水机组。Water-Cooled Chiller

水冷式冷水机组。WATER-COOLED CHILLER
形式：暖通空调\/水冷式冷水机组\/型号 142.tmf。
Proforma: HVAC\Water-Cooled Chiller\Type142.tmf

142 型蒸汽压缩式水冷冷水机组。它依赖于作为外部文本文件提供的目录数据来确定
制冷机的性能。提供了示例数据文件和有关数据文件格式的信息。
Type 142 models a vapor compression style water-cooled chiller. It relies on catalog
data provided as an external text files to determine chiller performance. Example
data files and information on data file format are provided.
3.4.4.19. 水源热泵。Water-Source Heat Pump

水源热泵。WATER-SOURCE HEAT PUMP
3–58
形式：暖通空调水源热泵 143.tmf。
Proforma: HVAC\Water-Source Heat Pump\Type143.tmf

该部件是单级液体源热泵的模型。热泵通过向（冷却模式）排出能量或从（加热模
式）液体流吸收能量来调节湿空气流。该热泵模型用于住宅地源热泵应用，但可用于
任何液体源应用。该模型基于用户提供的数据文件，其中包含容量（冷却模式下的总
容量和显热容量）和功率的目录数据，基于热泵的进水温度、进水流量和空气流量。
其他曲线拟合用于根据非设计室内空气温度修改容量和功率。
This component models a single-stage liquid source heat pump. The heat pump
conditions a moist air stream by rejecting energy to (cooling mode) or absorbing
energy from (heating mode) a liquid stream. This heat pump model was intended for
a residential ground source heat pump application, but may be used in any liquid
source application. This model is based on user-supplied data files containing
catalog data for the capacity (both total and sensible in cooling mode), and power,
based on the entering water temperature to the heat pump, the entering water flow
rate and the air flow rate. Other curve fits are used to modify the capacities and
power based on off-design indoor air temperatures.
3.4.5. 氢系统。Hydrogen Systems

3.4.5.1. 压缩气体储存。Compressed Gas Storage
氢-理想气体。HYDROGEN - IDEAL GAS
形式：氢气系统\\压缩气体储存\\氢气\\理想气体\\ 164A 型.tmf。

Proforma: Hydrogen Systems\Compressed Gas Storage\Hydrogen\Ideal
Gas\Type164a.tmf

164 型是一种压缩气体储存模式。此模型实例根据理想气体定律计算存储中的压力。
TYPE164 is a compressed gas storage model. This instance of the model calculates
the pressure in the storage based on the ideal gas law.
氢-真实气体。HYDROGEN - REAL GAS

形式：氢系统\\压缩气体储存\\氢\\实际气体\\ 164B 型.tmf。
Proforma: Hydrogen Systems\Compressed Gas Storage\Hydrogen\Real
Gas\Type164b.tmf
3–59
164 型是一种压缩气体储存模式。此模型实例基于实际气体的范德瓦尔斯状态方程计
算存储中的压力（切恩格尔和博尔斯，1989；乌勒贝格，1998）。
TYPE164 is a compressed gas storage model. This instance of the model calculates
the pressure in the storage based on the van der Waals equation of state for real
gases (Çengel and Boles, 1989; Ulleberg, 1998).
3.4.5.2. 压缩机。Compressor
压缩机。COMPRESSOR
形式：氢系统\/压缩机 167.tmf。
Proforma: Hydrogen Systems\Compressor\Type167.tmf
压缩机被模拟为一个多阶段的多方压缩过程，中间阶段在一到五个之间。
The compressor is modeled as an multi-stage polytropic compression process with
between one and five intermediate stages.
3.4.5.3. 控制器。Controllers
电解槽-恒功率模式。ELECTROLYZER - CONSTANT POWER MODE
形式：氢气系统\\控制器\\电解槽\\恒功率模式\\ 100B 型.tmf。

Proforma: Hydrogen Systems\Controllers\Electrolyzer\Constant Power
Mode\Type100b.tmf
该子程序是集成微型并网风力\/电解槽\/氢气储存\/燃料电池系统电解槽的一组控制功能
的集合。在这种情况下，电解槽设计成恒功率模式。
This subroutine is a gathering of a set of control functions for an electrolyzer of an
integrated mini-grid connected wind/electrolyzer/H2-storage/fuel cell system. In this
instance, the electrolyzer is designed to operate in a constant power mode.
电解槽-可变功率模式。ELECTROLYZER - VARIABLE POWER MODE
形式：氢气系统\\控制器\\电解槽\\可变功率模式\\ 100A 型.tmf。

Proforma: Hydrogen Systems\Controllers\Electrolyzer\Variable Power
Mode\Type100a.tmf
该子程序是集成微型并网风力\/电解槽\/氢气储存\/燃料电池系统电解槽的一组控制功能
的集合。在这种情况下，电解槽设计为在可变功率模式下运行。
This subroutine is a gathering of a set of control functions for an electrolyzer of an
integrated mini-grid connected wind/electrolyzer/H2-storage/fuel cell system. In this
instance, the electrolyzer is designed to operate in a variable power mode.
主控。MASTER CONTROL
3–60
形式：氢气系统\\控制器\\主控装置\\ 105A 型.tmf。
Proforma: Hydrogen Systems\Controllers\Master Control\Type105a.tmf

此子程序包含在远程柴油发电机系统（DEGS）小型电网中运行的燃料电池（FC）和
电解槽（ELY）的控制功能。介绍了燃料电池和电解槽开关的滞后现象。注意，在这
种情况下，“关闭”实际上意味着该装置在储氢压力水平或荷电状态（SOC）达到预定
设定值之前一直处于空转状态。
This subroutine contains the control functions for a fuel cell (FC) and electrolyzer
(ELY) operating in a remote area diesel engine generator system (DEGS) power
mini-grid. Hysterisis for the fuel cell and electrolyzer on/off- switching is introduced.
Note that 'off' in this case actually means that the unit is idling until the hydrogen
storage pressure level, or state of charge( SOC), has reached its predefined set
point.
105 型确定了满足给定负载所需的总 deg 数和每 deg 所需的功率、燃料电池功率和电
解槽功率。考虑燃料电池和电解槽的最大（额定）和最小（空转）功率。
TYPE105 determines the total number of DEGS and the power per DEGS required ,
the fuel cell power, and electrolyzer power to meet a given load. Maximum (rated)
and minimum (idling) powers for the fuel cell and electrolyzer are taken into
consideration.
3.4.5.4. 电解槽。Electrolyzer
高级碱性-tmode=1。ADVANCED ALKALINE - TMODE=1
形式：氢系统\\电解槽\\高级碱性\\ tmode=1\\type160a.tmf。
Proforma: Hydrogen Systems\Electrolyzer\Advanced Alkaline\TMODE=1\Type160a.tmf

160 型是高压碱水电解槽的数学模型。该模型基于基本热力学、传热理论和经验电化
学关系。还包括动态热模型。给定压力下的温度-电流-电压曲线和与温度和压力无关的
法拉第效率关系构成了电化学模型的基础。电解槽温度可作为输入，或由简单或详细
的热模型计算（Uulle，1998；2001）。此类型 160 的实例要求用户提供电解槽温度
作为输入（tmode 1）。
TYPE160 is a mathematical model for a high pressure alkaline water electrolyzer.
The model is based on a combination of fundamental thermodynamics, heat transfer
theory, and empirical electrochemical relationships. A dynamic thermal model is
also included. A temperature dependent current-voltage curve for a given pressure
and a Faraday efficiency relation independent of temperature and pressure form the
basis of the electrochemical model. The electrolyzer temperature can be given as
input, or calculated from a simple or detailed thermal model (Ulleberg, 1998; 2001).
This instance of Type160 the user is asked to provide the electrolyzer temperature
as an input (TMODE 1).
3–61
形式：氢系统\\电解槽\\高级碱性\\ tMode=2\\type160B.tmf。
Proforma: Hydrogen Systems\Electrolyzer\Advanced Alkaline\TMODE=2\Type160b.tmf
的热模型计算（Uulle，1998；2001）。160 型的这个实例使用一个简单的热能平衡
（tmode 2）来计算温度。
This instance of Type160 uses a simple thermal energy balance (TMODE 2) for its
temperature calculations.
形式：氢系统\\电解槽\\高级碱性溶液\\ tMode=3\\type160C.tmf。
Proforma: Hydrogen Systems\Electrolyzer\Advanced Alkaline\TMODE=3\Type160c.tmf
的热模型计算（ Uulle ， 1998 ；2001）。 160 型的这个实例使用复杂的热能平衡
（tmode 3）进行温度计算。
This instance of Type160 uses a complex thermal energy balance (TMODE 3) for its
temperature calculations.
3.4.5.5. 燃料电池。Fuel Cells

AFC - AIR-H2
形式：氢系统\\燃料电池\\氢气\\173a 型。
Proforma: Hydrogen Systems\Fuel Cells\AFC\Air-H2\Type173a.tmf
3–62
173 型碱性燃料电池是一种简单的数学模型。电化学模型是基于正常工作温度下电流-
电压特性的经验关系。计算了 afc 堆产生的热量，但没有详细的动态热模型。173 型已
经用 Zetek 的特定 AFC 建模（Brown，2001；Zetek，2001）。173 型的这种情况假
定阴极侧有空气（与纯氧相反）。
TYPE173 is a simple mathematical model for an alkaline fuel cell (AFC). The
electrochemical model is based on an empirical relationship for the current-voltage
characteristic at normal operating temperature. The heat generated by the AFC-
stack is calculated, but no detailed dynamic thermal model is included. TYPE173 has
been modeled with a specific AFC from ZeTek in mind (Brown, 2001; ZeTek, 2001).
This instance of Type173 assumes that there is air (as opposed to pure oxygen) on
the cathode side.
AFC - O2-H2
形式：氢系统\\燃料电池\\AFC\\氢气-氧气\\173b 型。
Proforma: Hydrogen Systems\Fuel Cells\AFC\O2-H2\Type173b.tmf
173 型碱性燃料电池是一种简单的数学模型。电化学模型是基于正常工作温度下电流-
电压特性的经验关系。计算了 afc 堆产生的热量，但没有详细的动态热模型。173 型已
经用 Zetek 的特定 AFC 建模（Brown，2001；Zetek，2001）。173 型的这种情况假
定阴极侧有纯氧（与空气相反）。
TYPE173 is a simple mathematical model for an alkaline fuel cell (AFC). The
electrochemical model is based on an empirical relationship for the current-voltage
characteristic at normal operating temperature. The heat generated by the AFC-
stack is calculated, but no detailed dynamic thermal model is included. TYPE173 has
been modeled with a specific AFC from ZeTek in mind (Brown, 2001; ZeTek, 2001).
This instance of Type173 assumes that there is pure oxygen (as opposed to air) on
the cathode side.
PEMFC-空气-H2-tmode=1-rtctmode=1。PEMFC - AIR-H2 - TMODE=1 - RTCTMODE=1
形式：氢系统 \\ 燃料电池 \\ 质子交换膜燃料电池 \\ 空气 -
H2\\tmode=1\\rtctmode=1\\type170a.tmf。
Proforma: Hydrogen Systems\Fuel Cells\PEMFC\Air-H2\TMODE=1\RTCTMODE=1\Type170a.tmf
3–63
type170 是质子交换膜燃料电池（pemfc）的通用数学模型。这个模型很大程度上是机
械的，大多数术语都是从理论中推导出来的，或者包括有理论基础的系数。主要的非
机械术语是主要基于经验的欧姆过电压。电化学模型的主要方程在已发表的文献中有
描述（Mann 等人，2000）。同时还建立了热动力学模型。在之前的 pemfc 建模工作
（ ulleberg ， 1998）中发现了热模型背后的理论，而推荐的热系数来自两个来源
（amflett 等人，1996；ulleberg，2001）。
TYPE170 is a generic mathematical model for a proton exchange membrane fuel cell
(PEMFC). The model is largely mechanistic, with most terms being derived from
theory or including coefficients that have a theoretical basis. The major
nonmechanistic term is the ohmic overvoltage that is primarily empirically based.
The main equations of the electrochemical model are described in published
literature (Mann et al., 2000). A thermal dynamic model is also included. The theory
behind the thermal model is found in previous PEMFC-modeling work (Ulleberg,
1998), while the recommended thermal coefficients were derived from two sources
(Amphlett et al., 1996; Ulleberg, 2001).
在 170 型的这种情况下，假设如下：阴极侧有空气，堆栈温度由用户提供，并使用 r_t
和 c_t 的简化计算。
In this instance of Type170, the following assumptions are made: There is air on the
cathode side, the stack temperature is provided by the user and simplified
calculations of R_t and C_t are used.

H2\\tmode=1\\rtctmode=2\\type170b.tmf。
Proforma: Hydrogen Systems\Fuel Cells\PEMFC\Air-H2\TMODE=1\RTCTMODE=2\Type170b.tmf
3–64
在 170 型的这种情况下，假设如下：阴极侧有空气，堆栈温度由用户提供，并使用 r_t
和 c_t 的详细计算。
cathode side, the stack temperature is provided by the user and detailed calculations
of R_t and C_t are used.
H2\\tmode=1\\rtctmode=3\\type170c.tmf。
Proforma: Hydrogen Systems\Fuel Cells\PEMFC\Air-
H2\TMODE=1\RTCTMODE=3\Type170c.tmf
3–65
在这个 170 型的例子中，假设如下：阴极侧有空气，并且使用用户提供的堆栈温度、
r_t 和 c_t 值。
cathode side, and user supplied values of stack temperature, R_t and C_t are used.
H2\\tmode=2\\rtctmode=1\\type170d.tmf。
Proforma: Hydrogen Systems\Fuel Cells\PEMFC\Air-
H2\TMODE=2\RTCTMODE=1\Type170d.tmf
3–66
在 170 型的这种情况下，作出了以下假设：阴极侧有空气，堆内温度是计算出来的，
并使用了 r_t 和 c_t 的简化计算。
cathode side, the stack temperature is calculated internally and simplified

H2\\tmode=2\\rtctmode=1\\type170e.tmf。

Proforma: Hydrogen Systems\Fuel Cells\PEMFC\Air-H2\TMODE=2\RTCTMODE=2\Type170e.tmf
3–67
（ ulleberg ，1998）中发现了热模型背后的理论，而推荐的热系数来自两个来源
在 170 型的这种情况下，作出以下假设：阴极侧有空气，堆内温度计算，并使用 r_t
cathode side, the stack temperature is calculated internally and detailed calculations
H2\\tmode=2\\rtctmode=3\\type170f.tmf。
Proforma: Hydrogen Systems\Fuel Cells\PEMFC\Air-H2\TMODE=2\RTCTMODE=3\Type170f.tmf
3–68
在 170 型的这种情况下，作出以下假设：阴极侧有空气，堆内温度计算，并使用用户
提供的 r_t 和 c_t 值。
cathode side, the stack temperature is calculated internally and user supplied values
质子交换膜燃料电池-O2-H2-tmode=1-rtctmode=1。PEMFC - O2-H2 - TMODE=1 -

RTCTMODE=1
形式：氢系统 \/ 燃料电池 \ 质子交换膜燃料电池 \ 氧气 - 氢气 \
TMODE=1\RTCTMODE=1\170g 型
Proforma: Hydrogen Systems\Fuel Cells\PEMFC\O2-H2\TMODE=1\RTCTMODE=1\Type170g.tmf
type170 是质子交换膜燃料电池（pemfc）的通用数学模型。这个模型很大程度上是机械的，大多数术语都是从
理论中推导出来的，或者包括有理论基础的系数。主要的非机械术语是主要基于经验的欧姆过电压。电化学模型
的主要方程在已发表的文献中有描述（Mann 等人，2000）。同时还建立了热动力学模型。在之前的 pemfc 建模
工作（ulleberg，1998）中发现了热模型背后的理论，而推荐的热系数来自两个来源（amflett 等人，1996；
ulleberg，2001）。
在 170 型的这种情况下，假设如下：阴极侧有氧气，堆温由用户提供，并使用 r_t 和
c_t 的简化计算。
In this instance of Type170, the following assumptions are made: There is oxygen on
the cathode side, the stack temperature is provided by the user and simplified
3–69
质子交换膜燃料电池-O2-H2-TMode=1-RTCTmode=2。PEMFC - O2-H2 - TMODE=1 -
RTCTMODE=2
形式：氢系统 \/ 燃料电池 \\ 质子交换膜燃料电池 \ 氧气 - 氢气 \
TMODE=1\RTCTMODE=1\170h 型
Proforma: Hydrogen Systems\Fuel Cells\PEMFC\O2-
H2\TMODE=1\RTCTMODE=2\Type170h.tmf
（amflett et_
(Amphlett et
1996 年；Ulleberg，2001 年）。

在 170 型的这种情况下，作出以下假设：阴极侧有氧气，堆温由用户提供，并使用 r_t
al., 1996; Ulleberg, 2001).
the cathode side, the stack temperature is provided by the user and detailed
RTCTMODE=3
TMODE=1\RTCTMODE=1\170i 型
H2\TMODE=1\RTCTMODE=3\Type170i.tmf
3–70
在这个 170 型的例子中，假设如下：阴极侧有氧气，使用用户提供的堆栈温度、r_t 和
c_t 值。
the cathode side, and user supplied values of stack temperature, R_t and C_t are
used.

RTCTMODE=1
TMODE=1\RTCTMODE=1\170j 型
H2\TMODE=2\RTCTMODE=1\Type170j.tmf
3–71
literature (Mann et al., 2000). A thermal dynamic model is also included. The
theory behind the thermal model is found in previous PEMFC-modeling work
(Ulleberg, 1998), while the recommended thermal coefficients were derived from two
sources (Amphlett et al., 1996; Ulleberg, 2001).
在 170 型的这种情况下，假设如下：阴极侧有氧，堆内温度计算，并使用 r_t 和 c_t 的
简化计算。
the cathode side, the stack temperature is calculated internally and simplified

RTCTMODE=2
TMODE=1\RTCTMODE=1\170k 型
H2\TMODE=2\RTCTMODE=2\Type170k.tmf
3–72
在 170 型的这种情况下，假设如下：阴极侧有氧，堆内温度计算，并使用 r_t 和 c_t 的
详细计算。
the cathode side, the stack temperature is calculated internally and detailed

RTCTMODE=3
TMODE=1\RTCTMODE=1\170l 型
H2\TMODE=2\RTCTMODE=3\Type170l.tmf
3–73
literature (Mann et al., 2000). A thermal dynamic model is also included. The
theory behind the thermal model is found in previous PEMFC-modeling work
(Ulleberg, 1998), while the recommended thermal coefficients were derived from two
sources (Amphlett et al., 1996; Ulleberg, 2001).
在 170 型的这种情况下，假设如下：阴极侧有氧气，内部计算烟囱温度，并使用用户
提供的 r_t 和 c_t 值。
the cathode side, the stack temperature is calculated internally and user supplied
values of R_t and C_t are used.
3.4.6. 水力学。Hydronics
3.4.6.1. 控制流量混合器。Controlled Flow Mixer
潮湿空气。MOIST AIR
形式：水力学\\流动混合器\\湿空气\\ 11C 型.tmf。

Proforma: Hydronics\Flow Mixer\Moist Air\Type11c.tmf
在热力系统中，经常需要使用受外部控制的管道或管道三通、混合器和分流器。此组
件有十种操作模式。模式 1 到 5 通常用于只有一个重要特性的流体，如温度。模式 6
到 10 适用于流体，如湿空气，具有两个重要特性，如温度和湿度。
The use of pipe or duct tee-pieces, mixers, and diverters which are subject to
external control is often necessary in thermal systems. This component has ten
modes of operation. Modes 1 through 5 are normally used for fluids with only one
important property, such as temperature. Modes 6 through 10 are for fluids, such as
moist air, with two important properties, such as temperature and humidity.
Type11 模型的此实例使用模式 8 对控制流量混合器进行建模，其中两个入口气流根据
内部计算的控制功能混合在一起，以便将混合出口温度保持在用户指定的值或低于该
值。
This instance of the Type11 model uses mode 8 to model a controlled flow mixer in
which two inlet air streams are mixed together according to an internally calculated
control function so as to maintain the mixed outlet temperature at or below a user
specified value.
3–74
其他流体。OTHER FLUIDS
形式：流体力学\\流动混合器\\其他流体\\ 11d 类.tmf。
Proforma: Hydronics\Flow Mixer\Other Fluids\Type11d.tmf
Type11 模型的此实例使用模式 3 对控制流量混合器进行建模，其中两个入口液体流根
据内部计算的控制函数混合在一起，以便将混合出口温度保持在用户指定的值或低于
该值。
This instance of the Type11 model uses mode 3 to model a controlled flow mixer in
which two inlet liquid streams are mixed together according to an internally
calculated control function so as to maintain the mixed outlet temperature at or
below a user specified value.
3.4.6.2. 管。Duct
管。DUCT
形式：流体力学\管\145 型
Proforma: Hydronics\Duct\Type145.tmf
3–75
该组件使用可变大小的空气段模拟管道中空气流动的热行为。输入流体会移动现有管
段的位置。新段的质量等于流量乘以模拟时间步长。新的部分的温度和湿度是进入空
气的温度和湿度。此管道的出口是由入口流推出的元件的集合。这种塞流模型不考虑
相邻元件之间的混合或传导。该模型忽略了摩擦效应、漏风和凝结能。如果任何段的
条件会导致冷凝，则该段的湿度水平设置为饱和湿度特性。管道中最多允许有 25 段。
当达到最大值时，将具有最接近温度的两个相邻管段组合成一个管段。
This component models the thermal behavior of air flow in a duct using variable size
segments of air. Entering fluid shifts the position of existing segments. The mass of
the new segment is equal to the flow rate times the simulation timestep. The new
segment's temperature and humidity is that of the incoming air. The outlet of this
pipe is a collection of the elements that are pushed out by the inlet flow. This plug-
flow model does not consider mixing or conduction between adjacent elements. This
model ignores friction effects, air leakage and condensation energy. If the
conditions of any segment would lead to condensation, the humidity level of that
segment is set to the saturated humidity properties. A maximum of 25 segments is
allowed in the pipe. When the maximum is reached, the two adjacent segments with
the closest temperatures are combined to make one segment.
3.4.6.3. 风扇。Fan
恒速。CONSTANT SPEED
形式：Hydronics\\Fan\\Constant Speed\\Type146.tmf。
Proforma: Hydronics\Fan\Constant Speed\Type146.tmf
146 型风机是一种能够以单一速度旋转，从而保持恒定的空气体积流量的风机。与
Trnsys 中的大多数泵和风扇一样，146 型将质量流量作为输入，但忽略该值，除非是
为了执行质量平衡检查。146 型根据其额定流量参数和其控制信号输入的当前值设置
下游流量。
Type 146 models a fan that is able to spin at a single speed and thereby maintain a
constant volumetric flow rate of air. As with most pumps and fans in TRNSYS, Type
146 takes mass flow rate as an input but ignores the value except in order to perform
mass balance checks. Type 146 sets the downstream flow rate based on its rated
flow rate parameter and the current value of its control signal input.
变速。VARIABLE SPEED
形式：流体力学\\风扇\\变速\\type147.tmf。
Proforma: Hydronics\Fan\Variable Speed\Type147.tmf
3–76
147 型风扇可在 0（完全停止）和额定转速之间的任何转速下转动。虽然由风扇移动的
空气的体积流率与控制信号线性相关，但是由风扇在给定流量下绘制的功率可以是控
制信号的任何多项式表达式。与 TRNSYS 中的大多数泵和风扇一样，147 型将质量流
量作为输入，但除了执行质量平衡检查外，忽略该值。147 型根据其额定流量参数和
其控制信号输入的当前值设置下游流量。
Type 147 models a fan that is able to turn at any speed between 0 (full stop) and its
rated speed. While the volumetric flow rate of air moved by the fan is linearly related
to the control signal, the power drawn by the fan at a given flow rate can be any
polynomial expression of the control signal. As with most pumps and fans in
TRNSYS, Type 147 takes mass flow rate as an input but ignores the value except to
perform mass balance checks. Type 147 sets the downstream flow rate based on its
rated flow rate parameters and the current value of its control signal inputs.
3.4.6.4. 分流器。Flow Diverter

形式：水力学\\流动分流器\\湿空气\\ 148A 型.tmf。

Proforma: Hydronics\Flow Diverter\Moist Air\Type148a.tmf
148 型模型的这个实例使用模式 2 来模拟一个流量分流器，其中一个入口气流根据用
户指定的阀门设置分成两个出口气流。
This instance of the Type148 model uses mode 2 to model a flow diverter in which a
single inlet air stream is split according to a user specified valve setting into two
outlet streams.
形式：水力学\\分流器\\其他流体\\ 111f 型.tmf。
Proforma: Hydronics\Flow Diverter\Other Fluids\Type11f.tmf
Type11 模型的这个实例使用模式 2 来建模一个流量分流器，其中一个入口液体流根据
用户指定的阀门设置被分成两个液体出口流。
This instance of the Type11 model uses mode 2 to model a flow diverter in which a
single inlet liquid stream is split according to a user specified valve setting into two
liquid outlet streams.
3–77
3.4.6.5. 换热器。Heat Exchanger

持续有效。CONSTANT EFFECTIVENESS
形式：水力学\\热交换器\\恒定有效性\\ 91 型.tmf。
Proforma: Hydronics\Heat Exchangers\Constant Effectiveness\Type91.tmf
将零电容显热式换热器建模为一个与系统结构无关的恒效装置。对于恒定有效性模
式，最大可能的传热是基于最小容积率流体和冷侧和热侧流体入口温度计算的。在这
种模式下，有效性作为一个参数输入，而换热器的总传热系数的概念不被使用。
A zero capacitance sensible heat exchanger is modeled as a constant effectiveness
device which is independent of the system configuration. For the constant
effectiveness mode, the maximum possible heat transfer is calculated based on the
minimum capacity rate fluid and the cold side and hot side fluid inlet temperatures. In
this mode the effectiveness is input as a parameter and the concept of an overall
heat transfer coefficient for the heat exchanger is not used.
逆流。COUNTER FLOW
形式：水力学\\热交换器\\逆流式\\5B 型.tmf。
Proforma: Hydronics\Heat Exchangers\Counter Flow\Type5b.tmf
零电容显热式换热器具有多种结构。在此情况下，对逆流式换热器进行了建模。给定
冷热侧入口温度和流量，计算给定总传热系数固定值时的有效性。
A zero capacitance sensible heat exchanger is modeled in various configurations. In
this instance, a counter flow heat exchanger is modeled. Given the hot and cold side
inlet temperatures and flow rates, the effectiveness is calculated for a given fixed
value of the overall heat transfer coefficient.
交叉流-两种流体混合。CROSS FLOW - BOTH FLUIDS MIXED
形式：流体力学\\热交换器\\交叉流动\\两种流体混合\\ 5F 型.tmf∏。
Proforma: Hydronics\Heat Exchangers\Cross Flow\Both Fluids Mixed\Type5f.tmf

零电容显热式换热器具有多种结构。在这种情况下，一个热（源）和冷（负载）侧混
合的横流换热器被建模。给定冷热侧入口温度和流量，计算给定总传热系数固定值时
的有效性。
this instance a cross flow heat exchanger with both hot (source) and cold (load) side
mixed is modeled. Given the hot and cold side inlet temperatures and flow rates, the
effectiveness is calculated for a given fixed value of the overall heat transfer
coefficient.
交叉流-两种流体未混合。CROSS FLOW - BOTH FLUIDS UNMIXED
3–78
形式：流体力学\\热交换器\\交叉流动\\两种流体均未混合\\ 5e 类.tmf∏。
Proforma: Hydronics\Heat Exchangers\Cross Flow\Both Fluids Unmixed\Type5e.tmf
零电容显热式换热器具有多种结构。在这种情况下，对热（源）和冷（负载）侧均未
混合的横流换热器进行了建模。给定冷热侧入口温度和流量，计算给定总传热系数固
定值时的有效性。
this instance a cross flow heat exchanger with both hot (source) and cold (load) side
unmixed is modeled. Given the hot and cold side inlet temperatures and flow rates,
the effectiveness is calculated for a given fixed value of the overall heat transfer
coefficient.
横流-冷侧混合。CROSS FLOW - COLD SIDE MIXED

形式：水力学\/换热器\/横流式\/冷侧混合式。
Proforma: Hydronics\Heat Exchangers\Cross Flow\Cold Side Mixed\Type5c.tmf
零电容显热式换热器具有多种结构。在这种情况下，对冷（负荷）侧混合的横流换热
器进行了建模。给定冷热侧入口温度和流量，计算给定总传热系数固定值时的有效
性。
this instance a cross flow heat exchanger with cold (load) side mixed is modeled.
Given the hot and cold side inlet temperatures and flow rates, the effectiveness is
calculated for a given fixed value of the overall heat transfer coefficient.
横流-热侧混合。CROSS FLOW - HOT SIDE MIXED
形式：水力学\/热交换器\/横流式\/热侧混合式\/5D 型.tmf。
Proforma: Hydronics\Heat Exchangers\Cross Flow\Hot Side Mixed\Type5d.tmf
零电容显热式换热器具有多种结构。在这种情况下，对热（源）侧混合的横流换热器
进行了建模。给定冷热侧入口温度和流量，计算给定总传热系数固定值时的有效性。
this instance a cross flow heat exchanger with hot (source) side mixed is modeled.
Given the hot and cold side inlet temperatures and flow rates, the effectiveness is
calculated for a given fixed value of the overall heat transfer coefficient.
平行流。PARALLEL FLOW
形式：水力学\\热交换器\\平行流\\ 5a 型.tmf。
Proforma: Hydronics\Heat Exchangers\Parallel Flow\Type5a.tmf
3–79
零电容显热式换热器具有多种结构。在这种情况下，对平行流换热器进行了建模。给
定冷热侧入口温度和流量，计算给定总传热系数固定值时的有效性。
this instance, a parallel flow heat exchanger is modeled. Given the hot and cold side
inlet temperatures and flow rates, the effectiveness is calculated for a given fixed
value of the overall heat transfer coefficient.
管壳。SHELL AND TUBE

形式：水力学\/换热器\/管壳式-5G 型.tmf。
Proforma: Hydronics\Heat Exchangers\Shell and Tube\Type5g.tmf

零电容显热式换热器具有多种结构。在本例中，对壳管设备进行了建模。给定冷热侧
入口温度和流量，计算给定总传热系数固定值时的有效性。
this instance a shell and tube device is modeled. Given the hot and cold side inlet
temperatures and flow rates, the effectiveness is calculated for a given fixed value of
the overall heat transfer coefficient.
用户提供的有效性。USER-PROVIDED EFFECTIVENESS
形式：水力学\\热交换器\\用户提供的有效性\\ 91B 型.tmf。

Proforma: Hydronics\Heat Exchangers\User-Provided Effectiveness\Type91b.tmf
将零电容显热式换热器建模为一个与系统结构无关的恒效装置。对于恒定有效性模
式，最大可能的传热是基于最小容积率流体和冷侧和热侧流体入口温度计算的。在这
个版本中，有效性在一段时间内是恒定的，因为有效性是作为输入而不是作为参数提
供给模型的。
A zero capacitance sensible heat exchanger is modeled as a constant effectiveness
device which is independent of the system configuration. For the constant
effectiveness mode, the maximum possible heat transfer is calculated based on the
minimum capacity rate fluid and the cold side and hot side fluid inlet temperatures. In
this version, the effectiveness is constant over the timestep as the effectiveness is
provided to the model as an input and not a parameter.
3.4.6.6. 管子。Pipe
管子。PIPE
形式：流体力学\\管子\\31 型.tmf。
Proforma: Hydronics\Pipe\Type31.tmf
3–80
此组件使用可变大小的流体段对管道或管道中流体流动的热行为进行建模。输入流体
会移动现有管段的位置。新段的质量等于流量乘以模拟时间步长。新段的温度是进入
流体的温度。此管道的出口是由入口流推出的元件的集合。这种塞流模型不考虑相邻
元件之间的混合或传导。管道中最多允许有 25 段。当达到最大值时，将具有最接近温
度的两个相邻管段组合成一个管段。
This component models the thermal behavior of fluid flow in a pipe or duct using
variable size segments of fluid. Entering fluid shifts the position of existing
segments. The mass of the new segment is equal to the flow rate times the
simulation timestep. The new segment's temperature is that of the incoming fluid.
The outlet of this pipe is a collection of the elements that are pushed out by the inlet
flow. This plug-flow model does not consider mixing or conduction between adjacent
elements. A maximum of 25 segments is allowed in the pipe. When the maximum is
reached, the two adjacent segments with the closest temperatures are combined to
make one segment.
3.4.6.7. 泵。Pumps
单速。SINGLE SPEED
形式：水力学\\泵\\单速\\ 114 型.tmf。
Proforma: Hydronics\Pumps\Single Speed\Type114.tmf
114 型泵是一种单（恒）速泵，能够保持恒定的流体出口质量流量。泵的启动和停止
特性未建模，压降效应也未建模。与 trnsys 中的大多数泵和风扇一样，类型 114 将质
量流量作为输入，但忽略该值，除非是为了执行质量平衡检查。114 型根据其额定流
量参数和其控制信号输入的当前值设置下游流量。
Type114 models a single (constant) speed pump that is able to maintain a constant
fluid outlet mass flow rate. Pump starting and stopping characteristics are not
modeled, nor are pressure drop effects. As with most pumps and fans in TRNSYS,
Type114 takes mass flow rate as an input but ignores the value except in order to
perform mass balance checks. Type114 sets the downstream flow rate based on its
rated flow rate parameter and the current value of its control signal input.
变速。VARIABLE SPEED
形式：水力学\\泵\\变速\\ 110 型.tmf∏。
Proforma: Hydronics\Pumps\Variable Speed\Type110.tmf
3–81
110 型泵是一种变速泵，能够将任何出口质量流量保持在零和额定值之间。泵的质量
流量随控制信号的设置而线性变化。然而，泵的功率消耗是用多项式来建模的。泵的
启动和停止特性未建模，压降效应也未建模。与 Trnsys 中的大多数泵和风扇一样，
110 型将质量流量作为输入，但忽略该值，除非是为了执行质量平衡检查。110 型根
据其额定流量参数和其控制信号输入的当前值设置下游流量。
Type110 models a variable speed pump that is able to maintain any outlet mass flow
rate between zero and a rated value. The mass flow rate of the pump varies linearly
with control signal setting. Pump power draw, however, is modeled using a
polynomial. Pump starting and stopping characteristics are not modeled, nor are
pressure drop effects. As with most pumps and fans in TRNSYS, Type110 takes
mass flow rate as an input but ignores the value except in order to perform mass
balance checks. Type110 sets the downstream flow rate based on its rated flow rate
parameter and the current value of its control signal input.
3.4.6.8. 三通流量混合器。Tee-Piece Flow Mixer

形式：流体力学\\三通流量混合器\\潮湿空气\\148B.tmf。
Proforma: Hydronics\Tee-Piece Flow Mixer\Moist Air\Type148b.tmf
148 型模型的这个实例使用模式 1 来模拟一个流动混合器，其中两个入口气流组合成

一个出口气流。
This instance of the Type148 model uses mode 1 to model a flow mixer in which two
inlet air streams are combined into a single outlet air stream.
形式：Hydronics\\tee piece flow mixer\\other fluids\\type11h.tmf。

Proforma: Hydronics\Tee-Piece Flow Mixer\Other Fluids\Type11h.tmf
Type11 模型的此实例使用模式 1 对 T 形件进行建模，其中两个入口液体流混合在一起
形成一个液体出口流。
This instance of the Type11 model uses mode 1 to model a tee piece in which two
inlet liquid streams are mixed together into a single liquid outlet stream.
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3.4.6.9. 温控分流器。Temperature Controlled Flow Diverter

形式：水力学\\温控流量分流器\\湿空气\\ 11A 型.tmf。
Proforma: Hydronics\Temperature Controlled Flow Diverter\Moist Air\Type11a.tmf
Type11 模型的这个实例使用模式 9 或模式 10 来模拟温度控制的气流分流器。在模式
9 中，当 th<ti 时，整个气流通过出口 1。在模式 10 中，在这种情况下，整个气流都通
过出口 2。
This instance of the Type11 model uses mode 9 or mode 10 to model a temperature
controlled air flow diverter. In mode 9 the entire flow stream is sent through outlet 1
when Th < Ti. In mode 10, the entire flow stream is sent through outlet 2 under these
circumstances.
形式：水力学\\温控流量分流器\\其他流体\\ 11B 型.tmf∏。

Proforma: Hydronics\ Temperature Controlled Flow Diverter \Other
Fluids\Type11b.tmf
Type11 模型的这个实例使用模式 4 或模式 5 来模拟温度控制的液体流动分流器。在模
式 4 中，当 th<ti 时，整个气流通过出口 1。在模式 5 中，在这种情况下，整个气流都
通过出口 2 发送。
This instance of the Type11 model uses mode 4 or mode 5 to model a temperature
controlled liquid flow diverter. In mode 4 the entire flow stream is sent through outlet
1 when Th < Ti. In mode 5, the entire flow stream is sent through outlet 2 under
these circumstances.
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3.4.7. 荷载和结构。Loads and Structures

3.4.7.1. 渗透。Infiltration
NIST 简化方法。NIST SIMPLIFIED METHOD
形式：荷载和结构\渗透\简化的 NIST 模型\149 型
Proforma: Loads and Structures\Infiltration\NIST Simplified Method\Type149.tmf
该组件基于 ng、persily 和 emmerich 在 7 月 2104 日出版的 ashrae 杂志上发表的文章

“改进能量模型中的渗透”，对建筑物的渗透进行建模。
This component models the infiltration into a building based on the article "Improving
Infiltration in Energy Modeling" by Ng, Persily and Emmerich in the July 2104 issue
of the ASHRAE Journal.
Sherman Grimsrud-湿度比输入。SHERMAN GRIMSRUD - HUMIDITY RATIO INPUTS
形式：荷载和结构\\渗透\\Sherman Grimsrud \\湿度比输入\\\\Type75A.tmf。

Proforma: Loads and Structures\Infiltration\ Sherman Grimsrud \Humidity Ratio
Inputs\\Type75a.tmf
该模型基于 1997 年 ashrae 基础理论第 25 章方程 46 中的 sherman-grimsrud 方程计

算入渗。该公式是半经验公式，不仅依赖于用户指定建筑数据，如体积、等效泄漏面
积、室内和室外条件，还依赖于描述建筑附近环境的局部屏蔽等级。谢尔曼·格里姆斯
鲁德模型表面上是针对一个单一区域的建筑。
This model calculates infiltration based on the Sherman Grimsrud equation in
ASHRAE Fundamentals 1997 Chapter 25 equation 46. The equation is semi-
empirical, relying on the user to specify not only building data such as volume,
equivalent leakage area, indoor and outdoor conditions but also a local shielding
class that describes the building’s nearby surroundings. The Sherman Grimsrud
model is ostensibly for a single zone building.
等效泄漏面积通常通过风机门试验获得。
Equivalent leakage area is typically obtained from blower door testing.
该模型计算了入渗空气的变化和体积流量。在 75 型的这种情况下，模型读取室内和室
外湿度比输入，而忽略相对湿度输入。
The model calculates infiltration air changes as well as volumetric flows. In this
instance of Type75, the model reads the indoor and outdoor humidity ratio inputs
and ignores the relative humidity inputs.
Sherman Grimsrud-右侧输入。SHERMAN GRIMSRUD - RH INPUTS

形式：荷载和结构\\渗透\\sherman grimsrud\\rh inputs\\type75b.tmf。
Proforma: Loads and Structures\Infiltration\ Sherman Grimsrud \RH Inputs\
Type75b.tmf
3–84
该模型基于 1997 年 ashrae 基础理论第 25 章方程 46 中的 sherman-grimsrud 方程计

算入渗。该公式是半经验公式，不仅依赖于用户指定建筑数据，如体积、等效泄漏面
积、室内和室外条件，还依赖于描述建筑附近环境的局部屏蔽等级。谢尔曼·格里姆斯
鲁德模型表面上是针对一个单一区域的建筑。
This model calculates infiltration based on the Sherman Grimsrud equation in
ASHRAE Fundamentals 1997 Chapter 25 equation 46. The equation is semi-
empirical, relying on the user to specify not only building data such as volume,
equivalent leakage area, indoor and outdoor conditions but also a local shielding
class that describes the building’s nearby surroundings. The Sherman Grimsrud
model is ostensibly for a single zone building.
等效泄漏面积通常通过风机门试验获得。
Equivalent leakage area is typically obtained from blower door testing.
该模型计算了入渗空气的变化和体积流量。在 75 型的这种情况下，模型读取室内和室
外相对湿度输入，而忽略湿度比输入。
The model calculates infiltration air changes as well as volumetric flows. In this
instance of Type75, the model reads the indoor and outdoor relative humidity inputs
and ignores the humidity ratio inputs.
3.4.7.2. 多区域建筑。Multi-Zone Building

多片区建筑。MULTI-ZONE BUILDING
形式：荷载和结构\\多区域建筑\\ 56 类.tmf。
Proforma: Loads and Structures\Multi-Zone Building\ Type56.tmf
该组件模拟具有多个热区的建筑的热行为。建筑描述由建筑描述文件（.b18，*.b17，
*.bui）传递给模型。这个文件可以生成预处理程序称为 TrnBug。
This component models the thermal behavior of a building having multiple thermal
zones. The building description is passed to the model by the building description
file (*.b18,*.b17, *.bui). This file can be generated the preprocessor program called
TRNBuild.
有关详细信息，请参见第 05 章文档的多区域生成。
For detailed information see chapter 05-MultizoneBuilding of the documentation.
3.4.7.3. 带内部解算器参数的多区域建筑。Multi-Zone Building with

Internal Solver Parameters
带内部求解器参数的多区域建筑。MULTI-ZONE BUILDING WITH INTERNAL SOLVER PARAMETERS
形式：荷载和结构\带内部解算器参数的多区域建筑\56b 型
Proforma: Loads and Structures\Multi-Zone Building with Internal Solver
Parameters\Type56b.tmf
3–85
该组件模拟具有多个热区的建筑的热行为。建筑描述由建筑描述文件（.b18，*.b17，
*.bui）传递给模型。这个文件可以由名为 trnbuild 的预处理器程序生成。
有关详细信息，请参阅第 05 章文档的多分区生成。
This component models the thermal behavior of a building having multiple thermal
zones. The building description is passed to the model by the building description
file (*.b18,*.b17, *.bui). This file can be generated the preprocessor program called
TRNBuild.
For detailed information see chapter 05-MultizoneBuilding of the documentation.
3.4.7.4. 悬挑和翼墙阴影。Overhang and Wingwall Shading

悬挑和翼墙阴影。OVERHANG AND WINGWALL SHADING
形式：荷载和结构\\悬挑和翼墙阴影\\类型 34.tmf。
Proforma: Loads and Structures\Overhang and Wingwall Shading\Type34.tmf
由太阳辐射直接加热的建筑物通常包括一个遮光装置，以在夏季屏蔽接收器表面的直
接辐射。此组件计算垂直接收器上由悬挑和\/或翼墙遮挡的太阳辐射。阴影接收器可包
括延伸至接收器上方和\/或下方的左侧和\/或右侧翼墙。接收器还可包括可放置在接收
器顶部或上方的突出物。悬挑可以延伸到接收器的左右两侧。类型 34 在假设各向同性
天空模型的情况下，对入射漫射辐射进行自己的计算。因此，在选择与此组件一起使
用的类型 15（或类型 16）的适当模式时应小心。
Buildings directly heated by solar radiation often include a shading device to shield
receiver surfaces from direct radiation in summer months. This component
computes the solar radiation on a vertical receiver shaded by an overhang and/or
wingwall. A shaded receiver may include left and/or right hand wing walls that extend
above and/or below the receiver. The receiver may also include an overhang that
can be placed at the top or above the receiver. The overhang may extend to the
right and left of the receiver. Type34 performs its own calculation of incident diffuse
radiation assuming an isotropic sky model. Therefore, care should be taken in
choosing an appropriate mode of Type 15 (or Type 16) for use with this component.
3.4.7.5. 简单自然通风。Simple Natural Ventilation

简单自然通风。SIMPLE NATURAL VENTILATION
形式：荷载和结构\\简单自然通风\\ 168 型.tmf。
Proforma: Loads and Structures\Simple Natural Ventilation\Type168.tmf
3–86
3.4.7.6. 单区模型。Single Zone Models

详细的单一区域（19 类）。DETAILED SINGLE ZONE (TYPE19)
形式：荷载和结构\\单区模型\\详细单区（19 类）\\表面*.tmf。
Proforma: Loads and Structures\Single Zone Models\Detailed Single Zone
(Type19)\Surfaces*.tmf
注：19 型有许多形式，因为它非常特殊的配置。有关 19 类的说明，请参阅第 04 卷

（数学参考）。
Note: Type 19 has many proformas due to its very special configuration. Please refer
to Volume 04 (Mathematical Reference) for a description of Type 19.
集总电容建筑（88 型）。LUMPED CAPACITANCE BUILDING (TYPE 88)

形式：荷载和结构\\单区模型\\集总电容建筑（88 型）\\ 88 型.tmf。
Proforma: Loads and Structures\Single Zone Models\Lumped Capacitance Building
(Type 88)\Type88.tmf
该元件根据内部增益建立简单的集总电容单区结构模型。
This component models a simple lumped capacitance single zone structure subject
to internal gains.
它与 12 类简单建筑模型的不同之处在于，它不假设控制方案。此外，它忽略了太阳能
增益，并假设整个结构的总 U 值。它的实用性来自于将建筑物的热负荷和/或冷负荷添
加到系统模拟中的速度。
It differs from the Type12 simple building model in that it makes no assumption about
the control scheme. Furthermore, it neglects solar gains and assumes an overall U
value for the entire structure. Its usefulness comes from the speed with which a
building heating and/or cooling load can be added to a system simulation.
3.4.7.7. 蓄热墙。Thermal Storage Wall

输入流量，内部计算透射率。FLOWRATE AS INPUT, TRANSMITTANCE CALCULATED INTERNALLY
形式：荷载和结构\\蓄热壁\\输入流量，内部计算透射率\\ 36C 型。tmf。

Proforma: Loads and Structures\Thermal Storage Wall\Flowrate as Input,
Transmittance Calculated
Trnsys 型号：36 型。TRNSYS Internally\Type36c.tmf
Model: Type 36
3–87
蓄热墙本质上是一种直接与房间耦合的高电容太阳能集热器。吸收的太阳辐射通过两
条路径中的任何一条到达房间。一条路是通过墙传导。从内墙表面，能量被转换并辐
射到室内。第二条路径是来自。
A thermal storage wall is essentially a high capacitance solar collector directly
coupled to the room. Absorbed solar radiation reaches the room by either of two
paths. One path is conduction through the wall. From the inside wall surface, the
energy is convected and radiated into the room. The second path is convection from
the
热的外墙表面到空气中的缝隙。通过缝隙的房间空气被加热，将能量带入房间。墙壁
也通过玻璃罩向环境传导、对流和辐射而损失能量。
hot outer wall surface to air in the gap. Room air flowing through the gap is heated,
carrying energy into the room. The wall also loses energy by conduction, convection
and radiation to the environment through the glazing covers.
此组件提供四种操作模式。在这种情况下（模式 3），输入空气的质量流量，并分别
考虑光束和漫射辐射的透射率。透射率吸收率乘积在函数子程序 tau_u alfa 中确定，
如主 trnsys 文档集中所述。
This component offers four modes of operation. In this instance (Mode 3), the mass
flow rate of air is input and the transmittance of beam and diffuse radiation are
considered separately. The transmittance-absorptance product is determined in
function subroutine TAU_ALFA, described in the main TRNSYS documentation set.
内部计算流量，输入透射率。FLOWRATE CALCULATED INTERNALLY, TRANSMITTANCE AS INPUT
形式：荷载和结构\\蓄热墙\\内部计算的流量，输入时的透射率\\ 36B 型.tmf∏。

Proforma: Loads and Structures\Thermal Storage Wall\Flowrate Calculated
Internally, Transmittance as Input\Type36b.tmf
3–88
the
此组件提供四种操作模式。在这种情况下（模式 2），总太阳辐射和玻璃透射率与间
隙中空气的质量流量一样作为输入。但是，质量流量由空气温差驱动，并在内部进行
计算。
This component offers four modes of operation. In this instance (Mode 2) , the total
solar radiation and glazing transmittance are inputs as is the mass flow rate of air in
the gap. However, the mass flow rate is driven by air temperature differences and is
computed internally.
输入流量、透射率。FLOWRATE, TRANSMITTANCE AS INPUTS

形式：荷载和结构\\蓄热墙\\流速，输入时的透射率\\ 36A 型.tmf。
Proforma: Loads and Structures\Thermal Storage Wall\Flowrate, Transmittance as
Inputs\Type36a.tmf
3–89
射到室内。
energy is convected and radiated into the room.
第二条路径是来自热的外墙表面到空气中的缝隙。通过缝隙的房间空气被加热，将能
量带入房间。墙壁也通过玻璃罩向环境传导、对流和辐射而损失能量。
The second path is convection from the hot outer wall surface to air in the gap. Room
air flowing through the gap is heated, carrying energy into the room. The wall also
loses energy by conduction, convection and radiation to the environment through the
glazing covers.
此组件提供四种操作模式。在这种情况下（模式 1），总的太阳辐射和玻璃透射率是
输入的，间隙中空气的质量流率也是输入的。
This component offers four modes of operation. In this instance (Mode 1), the total
solar radiation and glazing transmittance are inputs as is the mass flow rate of air in
the gap.
内部计算的流量、透射率。FLOWRATE, TRANSMITTANCE CALCULATED INTERNALLY
形式：荷载和结构\\蓄热墙\\内部计算的流量、透射率\\ 36D 型。tmf。

Proforma: Loads and Structures\Thermal Storage Wall\Flowrate, Transmittance
Calculated Internally\Type36d.tmf
3–90
the
此组件提供四种操作模式。在这种情况下，（模式 4），空气的质量流量被输入，光
束和漫射辐射的透射率被分别考虑。透射率吸收率积在函数子程序 tau_alfa 中确定，
如主 trnsys 文档集中所述。
This component offers four modes of operation. In this instance, (Mode 4) , the mass
flow rate of air is input and the transmittance of beam and diffuse radiation are
considered separately. The transmittance-absorptance product is determined in
function subroutine TAU_ALFA, described in the main TRNSYS documentation set.
但是，气隙中空气的质量流量是由温差驱动的，并在内部进行计算。
However, the mass flow rate of air in the gap is driven by temperature differences
and computed internally.
3.4.8. 过时的。Obsolete
过时文件夹中的组件来自较旧版本的 trnsys，出于向后兼容的原因而保留。不建议使用这些
组件，它们将在软件的未来版本中被删除。
Components in the Obsolete folder are from older versions of TRNSYS and are kept for
backwards compatibility reasons. The use of these components is not recommended and
they will be removed in future versions of the software.
3.4.9. 产量。Output
3.4.9.1. 在线绘图仪。Online Plotter
带文件的在线绘图仪-无单位。ONLINE PLOTTER WITH FILE - NO UNITS
形式：输出\\联机绘图仪\\带文件的联机绘图仪\\no units\\type65c.tmf。
Proforma: Output\Online Plotter\Online Plotter With File\No Units\Type65c.tmf
3–91
在线图形组件用于在模拟进行过程中显示选定的系统变量。强烈推荐并广泛使用此组
件，因为它提供有价值的变量信息，并允许用户立即查看系统是否未按预期运行。所
选变量将显示在屏幕上的单独绘图窗口中。在 Type65 联机绘图仪的这种情况下，发
送到联机绘图仪的数据将自动打印，每次打印一次，打印到用户定义的外部文件。单
位描述符（kJ\/hr、kg\/s、degc 等）不会打印到输出文件中。
The online graphics component is used to display selected system variables while
the simulation is progressing. This component is highly recommended and widely
used since it provides valuable variable information and allows users to immediately
see if the system is not performing as desired. The selected variables will be
displayed in a separate plot window on the screen. In this instance of the Type65
online plotter, data sent to the online plotter is automatically printed, once per time
step to a user defined external file. Unit descriptors (kJ/hr, kg/s, degC, etc.) are NOT
printed to the output file.
带文件的在线绘图仪-Trnsys 提供的装置。ONLINE PLOTTER WITH FILE - TRNSYS-SUPPLIED UNITS
形式：输出\\联机绘图仪\\带文件的联机绘图仪\\tRnsys 提供的单位\\type65a.tmf。
Proforma: Output\Online Plotter\Online Plotter With File\TRNSYS-Supplied
Units\Type65a.tmf
送到联机绘图仪的数据将自动打印，每次打印一次，打印到用户定义的外部文件。
trnsys 提供的单位描述符（kj\/hr、kg\/s、degc 等）将与输出文件中的每列数据一起打
印。
step to a user defined external file. TRNSYS supplied unit descriptors (kJ/hr, kg/s,
degC, etc.), if available, will be printed along with each column of data in the output
file.
带文件的在线绘图仪-用户提供的单位。ONLINE PLOTTER WITH FILE - USER-SUPPLIED UNITS
形式：输出\\联机绘图仪\\带文件的联机绘图仪\\用户提供的单位\\type65b.tmf。
Proforma: Output\Online Plotter\Online Plotter With File\User-Supplied
Units\Type65b.tmf
3–92
送到联机绘图仪的数据将自动打印，每次打印一次，打印到用户定义的外部文件。用
户需要提供单位描述符（kJ\/hr、kg\/s、degc 等），这些描述符将与输出文件中的每
列数据一起打印。
step to a user defined external file. The user is required to supply unit descriptors
(kJ/hr, kg/s, degC, etc.), which will be printed along with each column of data in the
output file.
无文件在线绘图仪。ONLINE PLOTTER WITHOUT FILE
形式：output\\online plotter\\online plotter without file\\type65d.tmf。

Proforma: Output\Online Plotter\Online Plotter Without File\Type65d.tmf
选变量将显示在屏幕上的单独绘图窗口中。在此 Type65 联机绘图仪的实例中，不生
成输出数据文件。
online plotter, no output data file is generated.
3.4.9.2. 整合器。Printegrator
格式化-用户定义的自动每月时段。FORMATTED - USER- DEFINED AND AUTOMATIC MONTHLY
PERIODS
形式：output\\printegrator\\formatted\\user defined and automatic monthly periods\\type46f.tmf。

Proforma: Output\Printegrator\Formatted\User-Defined and Automatic Monthly
Periods\Type46f.tmf
3–93
组件用于将连接的输入的集成值打印到用户指定的数据文件中。文件的编写方式可以
轻松地导入到 microsoft excel 中。在此版本的组合打印机\/集成器中，用户指定两个输
出文件。一个输出文件将包含用户指定时间段内的集成结果。另一个将自动包含相同
输入的每月集成值。
The component is used to print the integrated values of the connected inputs to a
user-specified data file. The file is written in such a way as to be easily imported into
Microsoft Excel. In this version of the combined printer / integrator, the user specifies
two output files. One output file will contain integrated results over a user-
designated period. The other will contain automatically contain monthly integrated
values of the same inputs.
格式化-用户定义的期间。FORMATTED - USER-DEFINED PERIODS
形式：output\\printegrator\\formatted\\user defined period\\type46e.tmf。

Proforma: Output\Printegrator\Formatted\User-Defined Period\Type46e.tmf
轻松地导入到 Microsoft Excel 中。
Microsoft Excel.
格式化的。FORMATTED
形式：输出\整合器\格式化的\46d 型
Proforma: Output\Printegrator\Formatted\Type46d.tmf
轻松地导入到 microsoft excel 中。
Microsoft Excel.
无格式-用户定义的自动每月期间。UNFORMATTED - USER- DEFINED AND AUTOMATIC MONTHLY
PERIODS
形式： output\\printegrator\\unformatted\\user-defined and automatic monthly
periods\\type46b.tmf。
Proforma: Output\Printegrator\Unformatted\User-Defined and Automatic Monthly
Periods\Type46b.tmf
3–94
轻松地导入到 microsoft excel 中。在此版本的组合打印机\/集成器中，用户指定两个输
出文件。一个输出文件将包含用户指定时间段内的集成结果。另一个将自动包含相同
输入的每月集成值。
Microsoft Excel. In this version of the combined printer / integrator, the user specifies
two output files. One output file will contain integrated results over a user-
designated period. The other will contain automatically contain monthly integrated
values of the same inputs.
无格式-用户定义的期间。UNFORMATTED - USER-DEFINED PERIODS
形式：output\\printegrator\\unformatted\\user defined period\\type46a.tmf。

Proforma: Output\Printegrator\Unformatted\User-Defined Period\Type46a.tmf
轻松地导入到 Microsoft Excel 中。
Microsoft Excel.
3.4.9.3. 打印机。Printer
格式化-无单位。FORMATTED - NO UNITS
形式：output\\printer\\formatted\\no units\\type25f.tmf。
Proforma: Output\Printer\Formatted\No Units\Type25f.tmf
3–95
打印机组件用于以指定（偶数）时间间隔输出（或打印）选定的系统变量。在这种模
式下，单元描述符（kj\/hr、degc、w 等）不会与每个列标题一起打印到输出文件中。
输出可以以相对于模拟开始时间开始的偶数时间间隔打印，或者可以以绝对时间打
印。如果选择以一小时打印间隔进行相对打印，并且模拟在时间 0.5 开始，则将在时
间 0.5、1.5、2.5 等处打印值。如果选择绝对打印，则对于相同的模拟，将在时间
0.5、1.0、2.0、3.0 等处打印值。Type25 也可以打印模拟信息作为输出文件的头（输
入文件的名称和模拟运行的时间）。它还能够将新数据追加到现有文件中，或者可以
被设置为覆盖现有文件。
The printer component is used to output (or print) selected system variables at
specified (even) intervals of time. In this mode, unit descriptors (kJ/hr, degC, W,
etc.) are NOT printed to the output file with each column heading. Output can be
printed in even time intervals starting relative to the simulation start time or can be
printed in absolute time. If relative printing is chosen with a one hour print interval
and the simulation starts at time 0.5, values will be printed at times 0.5, 1.5, 2.5, etc.
If absolute printing is selected, for the same simulation, values will be printed at
times 0.5, 1.0, 2.0, 3.0, etc. Type25 is also able to print simulation information as a
header to the output file (name of input file, and time of simulation run). It is further
able to append new data to an existing file or can be set to overwrite the existing file.
格式化-TRNSYS 提供的单元。FORMATTED - TRNSYS-SUPPLIED UNITS
格式：output\\printer\\formatted\\trnsys supplied units\\type25d.tmf。

Proforma: Output\Printer\Formatted\TRNSYS-Supplied Units\Type25d.tmf
式下，trnsys 提供的单位描述符（kj\/hr、degc、w 等）如果可用，将与每个列标题一
起打印到输出文件中。输出可以以相对于模拟开始时间开始的偶数时间间隔打印，或
者可以以绝对时间打印。如果选择以一小时打印间隔进行相对打印，并且模拟在时间
0.5 开始，则将在时间 0.5、1.5、2.5 等处打印值。如果选择绝对打印，则对于同一模
拟，将在时间 0.5、1.0、2.0、3.0 处打印值，type25 还可以将模拟信息作为头打印到
输出文件（输入文件的名称和模拟运行的时间）。它还能够将新数据追加到现有文件
中，或者可以被设置为覆盖现有文件。
specified (even) intervals of time. In this mode, TRNSYS supplied units descriptors
(kJ/hr, degC, W, etc.) if available, are printed to the output file along with each
column heading. Output can be printed in even time intervals starting relative to the
simulation start time or can be printed in absolute time. If relative printing is chosen
with a one hour print interval and the simulation starts at time 0.5, values will be
printed at times 0.5, 1.5, 2.5, etc. If absolute printing is selected, for the same
simulation, values will be printed at times 0.5, 1.0, 2.0, 3.0, etc. Type25 is also able
to print simulation information as a header to the output file (name of input file, and
time of simulation run). It is further able to append new data to an existing file or can
be set to overwrite the existing file.
格式化-用户提供的单位。FORMATTED - USER-SUPPLIED UNITS
3–96
格式：output\\printer\\formatted\\user-supplied units\\type25e.tmf。
Proforma: Output\Printer\Formatted\User-Supplied Units\Type25e.tmf
打印机组件用于以指定（偶数）时间间隔输出（或打印）选定的系统变量。在此模式
下，用户需要提供单位描述符（kj\/hr、degc、w 等），这些描述符与每个列标题一起
打印到输出文件中。输出可以以相对于模拟开始时间开始的偶数时间间隔打印，或者
可以以绝对时间打印。如果选择以一小时打印间隔进行相对打印，并且模拟在时间 0.5
开始，则将在时间 0.5、1.5、2.5 等处打印值。如果选择绝对打印，则对于同一模拟，
将在时间 0.5、1.0、2.0、3.0 处打印值，type25 还可以将模拟信息作为头打印到输出
文件（输入文件的名称和模拟运行的时间）。它还能够将新数据追加到现有文件中，
或者可以被设置为覆盖现有文件。
specified (even) intervals of time. In this mode, the user is required to supply units
descriptors (kJ/hr, degC, W, etc.) which are printed to the output file along with each
simulation, values will be printed at times 0.5, 1.0, 2.0, 3.0, etc. Type25 is also able to
print simulation information as a header to the output file (name of input file, and
无格式–EES 查找表。UNFORMATTED – EES LOOKUP TABLES
形式：output\\printer\\unformatted\\ees lookup tables\\type25h.tmf。

Proforma: Output\Printer\Unformatted\EES lookup tables\Type25h.tmf
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或者可以设置为覆盖现有文件。
simulation, values will be printed at times 0.5, 1.0, 2.0, 3.0, etc. Type25 is also able to
print simulation information as a header to the output file (name of input file, and
这个特定的打印机创建一个文本文件，可以直接在 EES 中作为查找表读取。它会自动
创建 EES 所需的标题信息，以了解文件中有多少列及其单位。
This specific printer creates a text file that can be read directly in EES as a lookup
table. It automatically create the header information required for EES to understand
how many columns are in the file and their units.
无格式-无单位。UNFORMATTED – NO UNITS
形式：输出\\打印机\\无单位\\无格式\\type25c.tmf。
Proforma: Output\Printer\No Units\Unformatted\Type25c.tmf
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式下，单元描述符（kj\/hr、degc、w 等）不会与每个列标题一起打印到输出文件中。
输出可以以相对于模拟开始时间开始的偶数时间间隔打印，或者可以以绝对时间打
印。如果选择以一小时打印间隔进行相对打印，并且模拟在时间 0.5 开始，则将在时
间 0.5、1.5、2.5 等处打印值。如果选择绝对打印，则对于相同的模拟，将在时间
0.5、1.0、2.0、3.0 等处打印值。Type25 也可以打印模拟信息作为输出文件的头（输
入文件的名称和模拟运行的时间）。它还能够将新数据追加到现有文件中，或者可以
被设置为覆盖现有文件。
specified (even) intervals of time. In this mode, unit descriptors (kJ/hr, degC, W,
etc.) are NOT printed to the output file with each column heading. Output can be
printed in even time intervals starting relative to the simulation start time or can be
printed in absolute time. If relative printing is chosen with a one hour print interval
and the simulation starts at time 0.5, values will be printed at times 0.5, 1.5, 2.5, etc.
If absolute printing is selected, for the same simulation, values will be printed at
times 0.5, 1.0, 2.0, 3.0, etc. Type25 is also able to print simulation information as a
header to the output file (name of input file, and time of simulation run). It is further
able to append new data to an existing file or can be set to overwrite the existing file.
未格式化-Trnsys-供应单元。UNFORMATTED – TRNSYS-SUPPLIED UNITS
形式：输出\\打印机\\未格式化\\tRnsys 提供的单位\\type25a.tmf。
Proforma: Output\Printer\Unformatted\TRNSYS-Supplied Units\Type25a.tmf
式下，trnsys 提供的单位描述符（kj\/hr、degc、w 等）如果可用，将与每个列标题一
起打印到输出文件中。输出可以以相对于模拟开始时间开始的偶数时间间隔打印，或
者可以以绝对时间打印。如果选择相对打印，则打印间隔为一小时，并且模拟从时间
0.5 开始，值将在时间 0.5、1.5、2.5 等处打印。如果选择绝对打印，对于同一模拟，
值将在时间 0.5、1.0、2.0、3.0 处打印，type25 还可以将模拟信息作为头打印到输出
文件（输入文件的名称和模拟运行的时间）。它还可以将新数据追加到现有文件中，
或设置为覆盖现有文件。
specified (even) intervals of time. In this mode, TRNSYS supplied units descriptors
(kJ/hr, degC, W, etc.) if available, are printed to the output file along with each
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无格式-用户提供的装置。UNFORMATTED – USER-SUPPLIED UNITS
形式：输出\\打印机\\未格式化\\用户提供的单位\\type25b.tmf。
Proforma: Output\Printer\Unformatted\User-Supplied Units\Type25b.tmf
或者可以被设置为覆盖现有文件。
3.4.9.4. 范围。Scope
范围。SCOPE
形式：output\\scope\\scope.tmf。
Proforma: Output\Scope\Scope.tmf
当仿真运行时，此组件将更新其在 Simulation Studio 项目中的图标，具体取决于它的

输入值。
This component will update its icon inside a Simulation Studio project while the
simulation is running, depending on its input values.
3.4.9.5. 仿真概要。Simulation Summary

外部文件结果-能量平衡。RESULTS TO EXTERNAL FILE - WITH ENERGY BALANCE
形式：输出\\模拟摘要\\结果到外部文件\\带能量平衡的类型 28A.tmf。
Proforma: Output\Simulation Summary\Results to External File\With Energy
Balance\Type28a.tmf
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类型 28 可以方便地用于生成在模拟中计算的每日、每周、每月或季节性信息摘要。它
的输出可以以盒装格式显示，也可以显示为表。
Type 28 can be conveniently used to generate daily, weekly, monthly or seasonal
summaries of information computed in a simulation. Its output can be displayed
either in a boxed format or as a table.
类型 28 在摘要的时间间隔内集成其输入，对积分执行用户指定的算术运算，并打印结
果。此配置将结果打印到外部文件，并包括能量平衡检查。
Type 28 integrates its inputs over the time interval of the summary, performs user
specified arithmetic operations on the integrals, and prints the results. This
configuration prints results to an external file and includes an energy balance check
结果到外部文件-没有能量平衡。RESULTS TO EXTERNAL FILE - WITHOUT ENERGY BALANCE
形式：输出\\模拟摘要\\结果到外部文件\\不带能量平衡\\type28b.tmf。
Proforma: Output\Simulation Summary\Results to External File\Without Energy
Balance\Type28b.tmf
类型 28 可以方便地用于生成在模拟中计算的每日、每周、每月或季节性信息摘要。它
的输出可以以盒装格式显示，也可以显示为表。
Type 28 can be conveniently used to generate daily, weekly, monthly or seasonal
summaries of information computed in a simulation. Its output can be displayed
either in a boxed format or as a table.
果。此配置将结果打印到外部文件
Type 28 integrates its inputs over the time interval of the summary, performs user specified arithmetic operations
on the integrals, and prints the results. This configuration prints results to an external
file
结果列表文件-能量平衡。RESULTS TO LIST FILE - WITH ENERGY BALANCE
形式： output\\simulation summary\\results to list file\\with energy

balance\\type28c.tmf。
Proforma: Output\Simulation Summary\Results to List File\With Energy
Balance\Type28c.tmf
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不建议使用此配置。请使用打印结果到外部文件的 type28 模式。类型 28 可以方便地
用于生成在模拟中计算的每日、每周、每月或季节性信息摘要。它的输出可以以盒装
格式显示，也可以显示为表。
This configuration is not recommended. Please use a mode of Type28 that prints
results to an external file. Type 28 can be conveniently used to generate daily,
weekly, monthly or seasonal summaries of information computed in a simulation. Its
output can be displayed either in a boxed format or as a table.
果。此配置将结果打印到列表文件，并包括能量平衡检查。
configuration prints results to the listing file and includes an energy balance check
结果列表文件-无能量平衡。RESULTS TO LIST FILE - WITHOUT ENERGY BALANCE
形式：输出\\模拟摘要\\结果到列表文件\\不带能量平衡\\ type28d.tmf。
Proforma: Output\Simulation Summary\Results to List File\Without Energy
Balance\Type28d.tmf
不建议使用此配置。请使用打印结果到外部文件的 type28 模式。类型 28 可以方便地

用于生成在模拟中计算的每日、每周、每月或季节性信息摘要。它的输出可以以盒装
格式显示，也可以显示为表。
This configuration is not recommended. Please use a mode of Type28 that prints
results to an external file. Type 28 can be conveniently used to generate daily,
weekly, monthly or seasonal summaries of information computed in a simulation. Its
output can be displayed either in a boxed format or as a table.
果。此配置将结果打印到列表文件中。
configuration prints results to the listing file.
3.4.9.6. SketchUp 打印机的 Trnsys 插件。TRNSYS Plugin for

SketchUp Printer
SketchUp 打印机的 Trnsys 插件。TRNSYS PLUGIN FOR SKETCHUP PRINTER
形式：SketchUp 打印机的 output\\trnsys 插件\\type125.tmf。

Proforma: Output\TRNSYS Plugin for SketchUp Printer\Type125.tmf
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125 类型是 eso 打印机的一个版本，它需要在 google sketchup 的 trnsys 插件中可视
化结果。
The Type 125 is a version of the eso Printer that is required to visualize results in the
TRNSYS Plugin for Google SketchUp.
3.4.10. 物理现象。Physical Phenomena

3.4.10.1. 收集器阵列阴影。Collector Array Shading
平板阵列。FLAT PLATE ARRAYS

形式：物理现象\\采集器阵列阴影\\平板阵列\\ 30A 型.tmf。
Proforma: Physical Phenomena\Collector Array Shading\Flat Plate
Arrays\Type30a.tmf
这个组件决定了一系列相互遮蔽的收集器上的入射辐射。有两种模式可以输入 30。此
实例（模式 1）考虑倾斜场中的固定平板集热器，入射阴影总辐射、光束和漫反射辐
射都会输出。
This component determines incident radiation upon an array of collectors that shade
one another. There are two possible modes to Type30. This instance (MODE 1)
considers fixed, flat plate collectors in a sloped field Incident shaded total, beam,
and diffuse radiation are output.
抛物线槽阵列-平面轴。PARABOLIC TROUGH ARRAYS - AXES IN PLANE OF SURFACE
形式：物理现象\\采集器阵列阴影\\抛物线槽阵列\\面内轴线\\ 30B 型.tmf∏。

Proforma: Physical Phenomena\Collector Array Shading\Parabolic Trough
Arrays\Axes in Plane of Surface\Type30b.tmf
这个组件决定了一系列相互遮蔽的收集器上的入射辐射。有两种可能的模式由类型 30
建模。类型 30（模式 2）的这种情况适用于仅利用光束辐射的单轴跟踪抛物线槽收集
器。假设跟踪轴位于收集器表面的平面内（不与地面平行）。
This component determines incident radiation upon an array of collectors that shade
one another. There are two possible modes modeled by Type30. This instance of
Type30 (MODE 2) is for single axis tracking parabolic trough collectors that utilize
beam radiation only. The tracking axis is assumed to be in the plane of the collector
surfaces (not parallel to the ground)
抛物线槽阵列-水平轴。PARABOLIC TROUGH ARRAYS - HORIZONTAL AXES
形式：物理现象\\采集器阵列阴影\\抛物线槽阵列\\水平轴\\ 30C 型.tmf。

Proforma: Physical Phenomena\Collector Array Shading\Parabolic Trough
Arrays\Horizontal Axes\Type30c.tmf
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这个组件决定了一系列相互遮蔽的收集器上的入射辐射。有两种可能的模式由类型 30
建模。类型 30（模式 2）的这种情况适用于仅利用光束辐射的单轴跟踪抛物线槽收集
器。跟踪轴假定为水平（与地面平行）。T
his component determines incident radiation upon an array of collectors that shade
one another. There are two possible modes modeled by Type30. This instance of
Type30 (MODE 2) is for single axis tracking parabolic trough collectors that utilize
beam radiation only. The tracking axis is assumed to be horizontal (parallel to the
ground)
3.4.10.2. 对流系数计算。Convection Coefficient Calculation

水平面-默认系数。HORIZONTAL SURFACE - DEFAULT COEFFICIENTS
形式：物理现象、对流系数计算、水平面、默认系数、80A 型、tmf。
Proforma: Physical Phenomena\Convection Coefficient Calculation\Horizontal
Surface\Default Coefficients\Type80a.tmf
此例程计算多达 10 个表面的对流换热系数，并与类型 56 中的辐射表面功能结合使

用，该功能允许用户定义包含用于辐射加热或冷却的热水或冷水管道的墙或地板。
type80 的这个实例假设曲面是水平的，并在计算中使用算法常量和指数系数的默认
值。
This routine calculates the convective heat transfer coefficient for up to 10 surfaces
and is of particular use in conjunction with the radiant surface feature in Type56 that
allows users to define walls or floors that contain either hot or cold water pipes for
radiant heating or cooling. This instance of Type80 assumes that the surface is
horizontal and uses default values of algorithm constant and exponent coefficients in
its calculations.
水平面-用户定义系数。HORIZONTAL SURFACE - USER DEFINED COEFFICIENTS
形式：物理现象\\对流系数计算\\水平面\\用户定义系数\\type80b.tmf。
Proforma: Physical Phenomena\Convection Coefficient Calculation\Horizontal
Surface\User Defined Coefficients\Type80b.tmf
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type80 的这个实例假设曲面是水平的，并且要求用户提供算法常数和指数系数值作为
模型的参数。
horizontal and requires that the user provide algorithm constant and exponent
coefficient values as parameters to the model.
垂直面-默认系数。VERTICAL SURFACE - DEFAULT COEFFICIENTS

形式：物理现象\\对流系数计算\\水平面\\用户定义系数\\type80c.tmf。
Proforma: Physical Phenomena\Convection Coefficient Calculation\Vertical
Surface\Default Coefficients\Type80c.tmf

type80 的这个实例假设曲面是垂直的，并在计算中使用算法常数和指数系数的默认
值。
vertical and uses default values of algorithm constant and exponent coefficients in its
calculations.
垂直面-用户定义系数。VERTICAL SURFACE - USER DEFINED COEFFICIENTS

形式：物理现象\\对流系数计算\\垂直面\\用户定义系数\\type80d.tmf。
Proforma: Physical Phenomena\Convection Coefficient Calculation\Vertical
Surface\User Defined Coefficients\Type80d.tmf

type80 的这个实例假设曲面是垂直的，并且要求用户提供算法常量和指数系数值作为
模型的参数。
vertical and requires that the user provide algorithm constant and exponent
coefficient values as parameters to the model.
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3.4.10.3. 集总电容模型。Lumped Capacitance Model

集总电容模型。LUMPED CAPACITANCE MODEL
形式：物理现象集总电容模型。
Proforma: Physical Phenomena\Lumped Capacitance Model\Type59.tmf
类型 59 表示使用集总电容模型（换句话说，一阶微分方程）的物体的动态热行为。
Type 59 represents the dynamic thermal behavior of a body using the lumped
capacitance model (in other words, a first order differential equation)
3.4.10.4. 辐射处理器。Radiation Processors

已知光束和漫反射（模式=3）。BEAM AND DIFFUSE KNOWN (MODE=3)
形式：物理现象\\辐射处理器\\已知光束和漫射（模式=3）\\type16e.tmf。
Proforma: Physical Phenomena\Radiation Processors\Beam and Diffuse Known
(Mode=3)\Type16e.tmf
太阳曝晒数据通常每隔一小时在水平面上采集一次。在大多数 TRNSYS 模拟中，需要

在一小时以外的时间间隔估计辐射。该分量对辐射数据进行插值，计算与太阳位置相
关的几个量，并估计若干固定或可变方向表面上的日晒。
Solar insolation data is generally taken at one hour intervals and on a horizontal
surface. In most TRNSYS simulations, estimates of radiation at time intervals other
than one hour are required. This component interpolates radiation data, calculates
several quantities related to the position of the sun, and estimates insolation on a
number of surfaces of either fixed or variable orientation.
16 型的这个例子以总水平辐射和光束辐射的小时积分值作为输入。它可以使用各种算
法来计算倾斜表面上的辐射，如干草和戴维斯、佩雷斯、Reindl 等。数据可以在太阳
能或本地时间输入。此版本的 Type16 不执行辐射“平滑处理”，即使用数值方法清
除记录数据中的峰值。
This instance of Type16 takes hourly integrated values of total horizontal and beam
radiation as inputs. It can use various algorithms to compute radiation on tilted
surfaces such as Hay and Davies, Perez, Reindl, etc. Data can be entered in solar
or in local time. This version of Type16 DOES NOT perform radiation "smoothing" in
which numerical methods are used to clean up spikes in recorded data.
水平漫反射，直接法向已知（模式=6）。HORIZ DIFFUSE, DIRECT NORMAL KNOWN (MODE=6)

形式：物理现象\\辐射处理器\水平漫反射，直接法向已知）\\type16k.tmf。
Proforma: Physical Phenomena\Radiation Processors\ Horiz Diffuse, Direct Normal
Known (Mode=6)\Type16k.tmf
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106

16 型的这个例子以总水平辐射和直接正常辐射的小时积分值作为输入。它可以使用各
种算法计算倾斜表面上的辐射，如 hay 和 davies、perez、reindl 等。数据可以在太阳
或当地时间输入。这一版本的 type16 不执行辐射“平滑”，即使用数值方法清除记录
数据中的峰值。
This instance of Type16 takes hourly integrated values of total horizontal and direct
normal radiation as inputs. It can use various algorithms to compute radiation on
tilted surfaces such as Hay and Davies, Perez, Reindl, etc. Data can be entered in
solar or in local time. This version of Type16 DOES NOT perform radiation
"smoothing" in which numerical methods are used to clean up spikes in recorded
data.
仅已知总水平（模式=1）。TOTAL HORIZ ONLY KNOWN (MODE=1)
形式：物理现象\\辐射处理器\\仅已知总水平（模式=1）16A.tmf∏型。
Proforma: Physical Phenomena\Radiation Processors\Total Horiz Only Known
(Mode=1)\Type16a.tmf

这种类型 16 的实例采用水平太阳总辐射的小时积分值，并在内部估计漫射分数。它可
以使用各种算法来计算倾斜表面上的辐射，如干草和戴维斯、佩雷斯、Reindl 等。数
据可以在太阳能或本地时间输入。此版本的 Type16 不执行辐射“平滑处理”，即使
用数值方法清除记录数据中的峰值。
This instance of Type16 takes hourly integrated values of total horizontal solar
radiation and estimates diffuse fraction internally. It can use various algorithms to
compute radiation on tilted surfaces such as Hay and Davies, Perez, Reindl, etc.
Data can be entered in solar or in local time. This version of Type16 DOES NOT
perform radiation "smoothing" in which numerical methods are used to clean up
spikes in recorded data.
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已知总水平温度和湿度（模式=2）。TOTAL HORIZ TEMP AND HUMIDITY KNOWN (MODE=2)
形式：物理现象\\辐射处理器\\已知总水平温度和湿度（模式=2）\\ 16C 型.tmf。

Proforma: Physical Phenomena\Radiation Processors\Total Horiz Temp and
Humidity Known (Mode=2)\Type16c.tmf

类型 16 的这个实例采用水平太阳总辐射的小时积分值，并使用基于干球和露点温度估
计云量的算法计算漫射分数。它可以使用各种算法来计算倾斜表面上的辐射，如干草
和戴维斯、佩雷斯、Reindl 等。数据可以在太阳能或本地时间输入。此版本的 Type16
不执行辐射“平滑处理”，即使用数值方法清除记录数据中的峰值。
This instance of Type16 takes hourly integrated values of total horizontal solar
radiation and computes the diffuse fraction using an algorithm that estimates
cloudiness based on dry bulb and dew point temperature. It can use various
algorithms to compute radiation on tilted surfaces such as Hay and Davies, Perez,
Reindl, etc. Data can be entered in solar or in local time. This version of Type16
DOES NOT perform radiation "smoothing" in which numerical methods are used to
clean up spikes in recorded data.
总水平，直接法向已知（模式=4）。TOTAL HORIZ, DIRECT NORMAL KNOWN (MODE=4)
形式：物理现象\\辐射处理器\\总水平，直接法向已知（模式=4）16g.tmf。
Proforma: Physical Phenomena\Radiation Processors\Total Horiz, Direct Normal
Known (Mode=4)\Type16g.tmf

在一小时以外的时间间隔估计辐射。该组件对辐射数据进行插值，计算与太阳位置相
关的几个数量，并估计固定或可变方向的许多表面上的日晒。
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16 型的这个例子以总水平辐射和直接正常辐射的小时积分值作为输入。它可以使用各
种算法计算倾斜表面上的辐射，如 hay 和 davies、perez、reindl 等。数据可以在太阳
或当地时间输入。这一版本的 type16 不执行辐射“平滑”，即使用数值方法清除记录
数据中的峰值。
This instance of Type16 takes hourly integrated values of total horizontal and direct
normal radiation as inputs. It can use various algorithms to compute radiation on
tilted surfaces such as Hay and Davies, Perez, Reindl, etc. Data can be entered in
solar or in local time. This version of Type16 DOES NOT perform radiation
data.
总水平，水平漫反射已知（模式=5）。TOTAL HORIZ, HORIZ DIFFUSE KNOWN (MODE=5)
形式：物理现象\\辐射处理器\\总水平，水平扩散已知（模式=5）\\type16i.tmf。
Proforma: Physical Phenomena\Radiation Processors\Total Horiz, Horiz Diffuse
Known (Mode=5)\Type16i.tmf

类型 16 的这个实例以总水平和水平漫射辐射的小时积分值作为输入。它可以使用各种
算法来计算倾斜表面上的辐射，如干草和戴维斯、佩雷斯、Reindl 等。数据可以在太
阳能或本地时间输入。此版本的 Type16 不执行辐射“平滑处理”，即使用数值方法
清除记录数据中的峰值。
This instance of Type16 takes hourly integrated values of total horizontal and
horizontal diffuse radiation as inputs. It can use various algorithms to compute
radiation on tilted surfaces such as Hay and Davies, Perez, Reindl, etc. Data can be
entered in solar or in local time. This version of Type16 DOES NOT perform radiation
data.
3.4.10.5. 阴影遮罩。Shading Masks

明暗处理遮罩-开口和水平明暗处理。SHADING MASKS - SHADING ON OPENING AND HORIZONTAL
形式：物理现象\\阴影遮罩\\开口和水平方向的阴影\\type67.tmf。
Proforma: Physical Phenomena\Shading Masks\Shading on opening and
horizontal\Type67.tmf
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Type67 读取包含遮挡一系列开口的障碍物的角度高度的文件。对于每个开口，在数据
文件的第一行提供一个数字 id（按升序排列）。第二行包含每个洞口的坡度。第三行
包含每个开口的方位角。第四行包含一系列绝对表面角度；稍后将提供障碍物高度的
角度。数据文件的第五行和随后的行各包含从孔径中心看的任意障碍物的角高度，同
时朝上述提供的表面方位角之一的方向看。
Type67 reads a file containing the angular heights of obstructions that shade a series
of openings. For each opening, a numerical ID in ascending order is provided on the
first line of the data file. The second line contains the slope of each opening. The
third line contains the azimuth of each opening. The fourth line contains a series of
absolute surface angles; angles for which obstruction heights will later be provided.
The fifth and subsequent lines of the data file each contain the angular height of an
arbitrary obstruction as seen from the center of an aperture while looking in the
direction of one of the above provided surface azimuth angles.
类型 67 接受两个输入，分别给出太阳的角度、两个输入，分别给出水平方向上的总辐
射和漫射辐射，然后为每个开口提供两个输入，分别给出每个开口上的光束和漫射辐
射。组件为文件中的每个打开返回 10 个输出。第一个输出是从开口处可见的光束辐射
的分数。第二个是开口处的阴影光束辐射。第三个输出是入射到表面的漫射辐射的分
数。第四和第五输出分别给出阴影漫反射和阴影总辐射（均在开口平面上）。输出 6
到 11（每个开口）在水平面上给出相同的值。
Type67 takes two inputs that give the angle of the sun, two inputs that give total and
diffuse radiation on the horizontal and then two inputs for each opening that give the
beam and diffuse radiation on each opening. The components returns ten outputs
for each opening in the file. The first output is the fraction of beam radiation that is
visible from the opening. The second is the shaded beam radiation on the opening.
The third output is the fraction of diffuse radiation incident on the surface. The fourth
and fifth outputs give the shaded diffuse and shaded total radiation respectively
(both on the plane of the opening). Outputs six through eleven (for each opening)
give the same values in the plane of the horizontal.
阴影遮罩-所有开口的单个遮罩。SHADING MASKS - SINGLE MASK FOR ALL OPENINGS
形式：物理现象\\阴影遮罩\\所有开口的单个遮罩\\type64.tmf。
Proforma: Physical Phenomena\Shading Masks\Single mask for all
openings\Type64.tmf
Trnsys 型号：64 类型。TRNSYS Model: Type 64
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Type64 读取包含遮挡一系列开口的障碍物的角度高度的文件。此组件对所有洞口使用
单个着色遮罩。
Type64 reads a file containing the angular heights of obstructions that shade a series
of openings. This component uses a single shading mask for all of the openings.
对于每个开口，在数据文件的第一行提供一个数字 id（按升序排列）。第二行包含每
个洞口的坡度。第三行包含每个开口的方位角。第四行包含一系列绝对表面角度；稍
后将提供障碍物高度的角度。第五个和数据文件的后续行中的每一行都包含任意障碍
物的角高度，从孔径的中心看，同时朝上述提供的表面方位角之一的方向看。
类型 64 接受两个输入，它们给出太阳的角度，两个输入给出水平方向上的总辐射和漫
射辐射，然后为每个开口提供两个输入，它们给出每个开口上的光束和漫射辐射。组
件为文件中的每个打开返回 10 个输出。第一个输出是从开口处可见的光束辐射的分
数。第二个是开口处的阴影光束辐射。第三个输出是入射到表面的漫射辐射的分数。
第四和第五输出分别给出阴影漫反射和阴影总辐射（均在开口平面上）。输出 6 到 11
（每个开口）在水平面上给出相同的值。
For each opening, a numerical ID in ascending order is provided on the first line of
the data file. The second line contains the slope of each opening. The third line
contains the azimuth of each opening. The fourth line contains a series of absolute
surface angles; angles for which obstruction heights will later be provided. The fifth
and subsequent lines of the data file each contain the angular height of an arbitrary
obstruction as seen from the center of an aperture while looking in the direction of
one of the above provided surface azimuth angles.
Type64 takes two inputs that give the angle of the sun, two inputs that give total and
diffuse radiation on the horizontal and then two inputs for each opening that give the
beam and diffuse radiation on each opening. The components returns ten outputs for
each opening in the file. The first output is the fraction of beam radiation that is visible
from the opening. The second is the shaded beam radiation on the opening. The
third output is the fraction of diffuse radiation incident on the surface. The fourth and
fifth outputs give the shaded diffuse and shaded total radiation respectively (both on
the plane of the opening). Outputs six through eleven (for each opening) give the
same values in the plane of the horizontal.
3.4.10.6. 简单地温模型。Simple Ground Temperature Model

简单地温模型。SIMPLE GROUND TEMPERATURE MODEL
形式：物理现象简单地温模型。Proforma: Physical Phenomena\Simple Ground Temperature Model\Type77.tmf
有关此组件的完整技术说明，请参阅文档：“.\\tess models\\documentation\\utility
library\\type501.pdf”。。Refer to the document: " .\Tess Models\Documentation\Utility Library\Type501.pdf
" for a complete technical description of this component.
该子程序在给定年平均地表温度、年地表温度振幅的情况下，模拟地面的垂直温度分布。历年初至最低
地表温度出现的时差，以及土壤的热扩散系数。这些数值可以在各种来源中找到，包括 ASHRAE 手册
（参考土壤温度）。。This subroutine models the vertical temperature distribution of the ground given
the mean ground surface temperature for the year, the amplitude of the ground surface temperature for
the year, the time difference between the beginning of the calendar year and the occurrence of the
minimum surface temperature, and the thermal diffusivity of the soil. These values may be found in a
3.4.10.7.
variety of sources天空温度。Sky
including the ASHRAETemperature
Handbooks (refer to soil temperature).
计算云量因子。CALCULATE CLOUDINESS FACTOR
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形式：物理现象\\天空温度\\计算云量因子\\type69b.tmf。
Proforma: Physical Phenomena\Sky Temperature\calculate cloudiness
factor\Type69b.tmf
这个分量决定了一个有效的天空温度，用来计算任意外表面和大气之间的长波辐射交
换。有效天空温度始终低于当前环境温度。例如，晴朗夜晚的黑色天空被指定为低有
效天空温度，以解释暴露在天空中的表面的额外辐射损失。在这个 69 型的例子中，天
空的云量是根据用户提供的干球温度和露点温度来计算的。
This component determines an effective sky temperature, which is used to calculate
the long-wave radiation exchange between an arbitrary external surface and the
atmosphere. The effective sky temperature is always lower than the current ambient
temperature. The black sky on a clear night for example, is assigned a low effective
sky temperature to account for the additional radiative losses from a surface exposed
to the sky. In this instance of Type69, the cloudiness of the sky is calculated based
on user provided dry bulb and dew point temperatures.
混浊因子。READ IN CLOUDINESS FACTOR
形式：物理现象\\天空温度\\云量因子读数\\type69a.tmf。
Proforma: Physical Phenomena\Sky Temperature\read in cloudiness
factor\Type69a.tmf
这个分量决定了一个有效的天空温度，用来计算任意外表面和大气之间的长波辐射交
换。有效天空温度始终低于当前环境温度。例如，晴朗夜晚的黑色天空被指定为低有
效天空温度，以解释暴露在天空中的表面的额外辐射损失。在这个类型 69 的例子中，
天空的云层必须作为模型的输入提供。
This component determines an effective sky temperature, which is used to calculate
the long-wave radiation exchange between an arbitrary external surface and the
atmosphere. The effective sky temperature is always lower than the current ambient
temperature. The black sky on a clear night for example, is assigned a low effective
sky temperature to account for the additional radiative losses from a surface exposed
to the sky. In this instance of Type69, the cloudiness of the sky must be provided as
an input to the model.
3.4.10.8. 热力学性质。Thermodynamic Properties

干湿测量.已知的干球和露点。PSYCHROMETRICS - DRY BULB AND DEW POINT KNOWN
形式：物理现象\\热力学性质\\湿度学\\已知的干球和露点\\ 33D 型.tmf。Proforma: Physical

Phenomena\Thermodynamic Properties\Psychrometrics\Dry Bulb and Dew Point
Known\Type33d.tmf
此组件将湿空气的干球温度和露点温度作为输入，并调用 Trnsys 干湿测量例程，返回以下相应的湿空气属

性：干球温度、露点温度、湿球温度、相对湿度，绝对湿度比和焓。This component takes as input the dry
bulb temperature and dew point temperature of moist air and calls the TRNSYS Psychrometrics routine,
returning the following corresponding moist air properties: dry bulb temperature, dew point temperature, wet
bulb temperature, relative humidity, absolute humidity ratio, and enthalpy.
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干湿球和焓已知。PSYCHROMETRICS - DRY BULB AND ENTHALPY KNOWN
形式：物理现象\\热力学性质\\湿度学\\已知干球和焓值\\ 33B 型.tmf。

Proforma: Physical Phenomena\Thermodynamic Properties\Psychrometrics\Dry
Bulb and Enthalpy Known\Type33b.tmf
此组件将干球温度和湿空气的焓作为输入，并调用 Trnsys 湿度计例程，返回以下相应

的湿空气特性：干球温度、露点温度、湿球温度、相对湿度、绝对湿度比，以及焓。
This component takes as input the dry bulb temperature and enthalpy of moist air
and calls the TRNSYS Psychrometrics routine, returning the following corresponding
moist air properties: dry bulb temperature, dew point temperature, wet bulb
temperature, relative humidity, absolute humidity ratio, and enthalpy.
干湿平衡.已知干球和湿度比。PSYCHROMETRICS - DRY BULB AND HUMIDITY RATIO KNOWN
形式：物理现象\\热力学性质\\湿度学\\已知干球和湿度比\\类型 33C.tmf∏。
Bulb and Humidity Ratio Known\Type33c.tmf
此组件将湿空气的干球温度和湿度比作为输入，并调用 Trnsys 湿度测量程序，返回以

下相应的湿空气特性：干球温度、露点温度、湿球温度、相对湿度，绝对湿度比和
焓。
This component takes as input the dry bulb temperature and humidity ratio of moist
air and calls the TRNSYS Psychrometrics routine, returning the following
corresponding moist air properties: dry bulb temperature, dew point temperature,
wet bulb temperature, relative humidity, absolute humidity ratio, and enthalpy.
干湿测量.已知的干球和相对湿度。PSYCHROMETRICS - DRY BULB AND RELATIVE HUMIDITY KNOWN
形式：物理现象\\热力学性质\\湿度学\\已知干球和相对湿度\\类型 33E.tmf。
Bulb and Relative Humidity Known\Type33e.tmf
此组件将湿空气的干球温度和相对湿度作为输入，并调用 trnsys 干湿测量程序，返回

以下相应的湿空气属性：干球温度、露点温度、湿球温度、相对湿度、绝对湿度比率
和焓。
This component takes as input the dry bulb temperature and relative humidity of
moist air and calls the TRNSYS Psychrometrics routine, returning the following
干湿球。PSYCHROMETRICS - DRY BULB AND WET BULB KNOWN
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形式：物理现象\\热力学性质\\湿度学\\已知干球和湿球温度\\类型 33f.tmf。
Proforma: Physical Phenomena\Thermodynamic Properties\Psychrometrics\Dry Bulb and Wet Bulb
Known\Type33f.tmf
此组件将湿空气的干球温度和湿球温度作为输入，并调用 Trnsys 湿度测量程序，返回

以下相应的湿空气特性：干球温度、露点温度、湿球温度、相对湿度，绝对湿度比和
焓。
This component takes as input the dry bulb temperature and wet bulb temperature of
corresponding moist air properties: dry bulb temperature, dew point temperature, wet
bulb temperature, relative humidity, absolute humidity ratio, and enthalpy.
湿度-已知的焓和相对湿度。PSYCHROMETRICS – ENTHALPY AND RELATIVE HUMIDITY KNOWN
形式：物理现象\\热力学性质\\湿度学\\已知的焓和相对湿度\\ 33h 型.tmf。

Proforma: Physical Phenomena\Thermodynamic
Properties\Psychrometrics\Enthalpy and Relative Humidity Known\Type33h.tmf
此组件将湿空气的相对湿度和焓作为输入，并调用 trnsys 湿度测量程序，返回以下相

应的湿空气特性：干球温度、露点温度、湿球温度、相对湿度、绝对湿度比，以及
焓。
This component takes as input the relative humidity and enthalpy of moist air and
calls the TRNSYS Psychrometrics routine, returning the following corresponding
湿度-已知湿度比和焓。PSYCHROMETRICS - HUMIDITY RATIO AND ENTHALPY KNOWN
形式：物理现象\\热力学性质\\湿度学\\已知湿度比和焓值\\ 33A 型.tmf。

Properties\Psychrometrics\Humidity ratio and Enthalpy Known\Type33a.tmf
此组件将湿空气的湿度比和焓作为输入，并调用 trnsys 湿度测量程序，返回以下相应

This component takes as input the humidity ratio and enthalpy of moist air and calls
the TRNSYS Psychrometrics routine, returning the following corresponding moist air
properties: dry bulb temperature, dew point temperature, wet bulb temperature,
relative humidity, absolute humidity ratio, and enthalpy.
湿度-已知湿度比和焓。PSYCHROMETRICS - HUMIDITY RATIO AND ENTHALPY KNOWN
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形式：物理现象\\热力学性质\\湿度学\\已知的湿度比和焓值\\ 33g 型（重置 W）.tmf。
Properties\Psychrometrics\Humidity ratio and Enthalpy Known\Type33g (reset
w).tmf
此组件将湿空气的湿度比和焓作为输入，并调用 trnsys 湿度测量程序，返回以下相应

This component takes as input the humidity ratio and enthalpy of moist air and calls
the TRNSYS Psychrometrics routine, returning the following corresponding moist air
properties: dry bulb temperature, dew point temperature, wet bulb temperature,
relative humidity, absolute humidity ratio, and enthalpy.
湿度-已知的湿度比和相对湿度。PSYCHROMETRICS - HUMIDITY RATIO AND RELATIVE HUMIDITY
KNOWN
形式：物理现象\\热力学性质\\湿度学\\已知湿度比和相对湿度\\类型 33i.tmf。
Properties\Psychrometrics\Humidity Ratio and Relative Humidity Known\Type33i.tmf
此组件将湿空气的湿度比和相对湿度作为输入，并调用 trnsys 湿度测量程序，返回以

下相应的湿空气特性：干球温度、露点温度、湿球温度、相对湿度、绝对湿度比，以
及焓。
This component takes as input the humidity ratio and relative humidity of moist air
and calls the TRNSYS Psychrometrics routine, returning the following corresponding
湿度-已知的相对湿度和露点温度。PSYCHROMETRICS – RELATIVE HUMIDITY AND DEWPOINT

TEMPERATURE KNOWN
形式：物理现象\\热力学性质\\湿度学\\已知露点温度和相对湿度\\类型 33j.tmf。
Proforma: Physical Phenomena\Thermodynamic Properties\Psychrometrics\Relative
Humidity and Dewpoint Temperature Known\Type33j.tmf
此组件将湿空气的相对湿度和露点温度作为输入，并调用 TRNSYS 湿度测量程序，返

回以下相应的湿空气特性：干球温度、露点温度、湿球温度、相对湿度、绝对湿度比
和焓。
This component takes as input the relative humidity and dewpoint temperature of
制冷剂和蒸汽特性。REFRIGERANT AND STEAM PROPERTIES
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形式：物理现象、热力学性质、制冷剂和蒸汽性质。
Proforma: Physical Phenomena\Thermodynamic Properties\Refrigerant and Steam
Properties\Type58.tmf
此组件将制冷剂的两个独特的独立状态属性作为输入，并计算剩余状态属性。它调用
trnsys 流体性质例程和 trnsys 蒸汽性质例程来计算热力学性质。此例行程序可用的制
冷剂有：R-11、R-12、R-13、R-14、R-22、R-114A、R-134A、R-500、R-502、氨
（R-717）和蒸汽（R-718）。
This component takes as input two unique independent state properties of a
refrigerant and calculates the remaining state properties. It calls the TRNSYS Fluid
Properties routine and the TRNSYS Steam Properties Routine to calculate the
thermodynamic properties. The available refrigerants for this routine are: R-11, R-12,
R-13, R-14, R-22, R-114A, R-134A, R-500, R-502, ammonia (R-717) and steam (R-
718).
3.4.10.9. 气象发电机。Weather Generators

默认随机数种子。DEFAULT RANDOM NUMBER SEEDS
形式：物理现象\\天气生成器\\默认随机数种子\\类型 54a.tmf。
Proforma: Physical Phenomena\Weather Generators\Default Random Number
Seeds\Type54a.tmf
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该组件生成每小时的天气数据，给出太阳辐射、干球温度、湿度比和风速的月平均
值。数据的生成方式使得它们的相关统计数据大致等于指定位置的长期统计数据。这
种方法的目的是生成与典型气象年类似的典型数据的一年。此组件允许 TRNSYS 用于
标准年平均天气统计已知的任何位置。然而，模型中使用的许多相关性是从主要的温
带气候数据发展而来的。对于其他气候，例如热带气候，生成的数据不太准确，用户
可能希望。
This component generates hourly weather data given the monthly average values of
solar radiation, dry bulb temperature, humidity ratio, and wind speed. The data are
generated in a manner such that their associated statistics are approximately equal
to the long-term statistics at the specified location. The purpose of this method is to
generate a single year of typical data, similar to a Typical Meteorological Year. This
component allows TRNSYS to be used for any location for which standard yearly
average weather statistics are known. However, many of the correlations used in the
model were developed from primarily temperate climate data. For other climates,
e.g., tropical climates, the generated data are less accurate and the user may wish to
make
一些修改。在 type54 的这个例子中，预定义的随机数种子用作生成小时值的基础。它
读取温度、太阳辐射和湿度比的月平均值。如果需要，用户可以输入月平均风速值作
为模型参数。
some modifications. In this instance of Type54, predefined random number seeds are
used as the basis of the generation of hourly values. It reads monthly average
values of temperature, solar radiation, and humidity ratio. If desired, the user may
enter values of monthly average wind speed as parameters to the model.
默认随机数种子-无外部文件。DEFAULT RANDOM NUMBER SEEDS - NO EXTERNAL FILE
形式：物理现象 \\weather generators\\default random number seeds\\no external

file\\type54c.tmf。
Proforma: Physical Phenomena\Weather Generators\Default Random Number
Seeds\No External File\TYPE54c.tmf
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可能希望。
solar radiation, dry bulb temperature, humidity ratio, and wind speed. The data are
make
一些修改。在 type54 的这个例子中，预定义的随机数种子用作生成小时值的基础。它
直接从输入文件（而不是从外部数据文件）读取温度、太阳辐射和湿度比的月平均
值。
some modifications. In this instance of Type54, predefined random number seeds are
used as the basis of the generation of hourly values. It reads monthly average
values of temperature, solar radiation, and humidity ratio directly from the input file
instead of from an external data file.
用户提供的随机数种子。USER-SUPPLIED RANDOM NUMBER SEEDS

形式：物理现象 \\weather generators\\user supplied random number
seeds\\type54b.tmf。
Proforma: Physical Phenomena\Weather Generators\User-Supplied Random
Number Seeds\Type54b.tmf
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可能希望。
solar radiation, dry bulb temperature, humidity ratio, and windspeed. The data are
make
一些修改。在这个类型 54 的实例中，用户需要提供随机数种子，小时值的生成将基于
这些种子。它读取温度、太阳辐射和湿度比的月平均值。如果需要，用户可以输入月
平均风速值作为模型参数。
some modifications. In this instance of Type54, the user is required to provide the
random number seeds on which the generation of hourly values will be based. It
reads monthly average values of temperature, solar radiation, and humidity ratio. If
desired, the user may enter values of monthly average wind speed as parameters to
the model.
用户提供的随机数种子-无外部文件。USER-SUPPLIED RANDOM NUMBER SEEDS - NO EXTERNAL

FILE
形式：物理现象 \\weather generators\\user supplied random number seeds\\no
external file\\type54d.tmf。
Proforma: Physical Phenomena\Weather Generators\User-Supplied Random
Number Seeds\No External File\TYPE54d.tmf
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可能希望。
solar radiation, dry bulb temperature, humidity ratio, and windspeed. The data are
make
一些修改。在这个类型 54 的实例中，用户需要提供随机数种子，小时值的生成将基于
这些种子。它直接从输入文件（而不是从外部数据文件）读取温度、太阳辐射和湿度
比的月平均值。
some modifications. In this instance of Type54, the user is required to provide the
random number seeds on which the generation of hourly values will be based. It
reads monthly average values of temperature, solar radiation, and humidity ratio
directly from the input file instead of from an external data file.
3.4.11. 太阳能集热器。Solar Thermal Collectors

3.4.11.1. CPC 收藏家。CPC Collector
CPC 收藏家。CPC COLLECTOR

形式：太阳能集热器。
Proforma: Solar Thermal Collectors\CPC Collector\Type74.tmf
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该组件模拟了复合抛物面聚光（cpc）太阳能集热器的热性能。cpc 集热器由聚光反射
器和吸收器组成。二维（槽状）cpc 的壁面呈抛物线形。每个抛物线的焦点与吸收塔
和对侧壁的交点重合。 cpc 收集光束和漫反射辐射，它们在一个称为半接受角
（theta，c）的临界角度内接近孔径。一个完整的 CPC 是其中的墙壁向上延伸到高度
H，这给出了一个孔径面积为 1 \/正弦（θ，c）倍的吸收器面积。在一个完整的 cpc
中实现了最佳浓度，但需要非常大的反射器面积。在实践中，大多数 CPC 被截断到
Hbar 的高度，小于 H。一个 CPC 收集器可以在三个步骤中被建模。首先，确定接收
角内的总光束和漫射辐射。其次，考虑了反射面浓度和反射损耗，计算了有效辐射对
吸收体的冲击。然后利用这种有效的辐射来计算传给集热器流的能量和由此产生的出
口温度。
This component models the thermal performance of a compound parabolic
concentrating (CPC) solar collector. A CPC collector consists of a concentrating
reflector and an absorber. The walls of a two-dimensional (trough-like) CPC are
parabolic in shape. The focus of each parabola coincides with the intersection of the
absorber and the opposite wall. The CPC collects both beam and diffuse radiation
which approach the aperture within a critical angle called the half-acceptance angle
(theta,c). A full CPC is one in which the walls extend upward to a height h which
gives an aperture area of 1/sin(theta,c) times the absorber area. Optimal
concentration is achieved in a full CPC, but a very large reflector area is required. In
practice, most CPC's are truncated to a height of hbar which is less than h. A CPC
collector can be modeled in three steps. First, the total beam and diffuse radiation
within the acceptance angle are determined. Next, reflector concentration and
reflective losses are considered and the effective radiation striking the absorber is
calculated. This effective radiation is then used to find the energy transferred to the
collector flow stream and the resulting outlet temperature.
对于 cpc 接收机，有两种可能的定向。首先，cpc 可以位于比包含表面方位角的垂直

平面上。这称为纵向平面。或者，cpc 接收器可以位于与纵向平面成 90 度的横向平面
中。
There are two possible orientations considered for a CPC receiver. First of all, the
CPC may be located in a vertical plane than contains the surface azimuth. This is
termed the longitudinal plane. Alternatively, the CPC receiver may be located in a
transverse plane 90 degrees from the longitudinal plane.
3.4.11.2. 真空集热管。Evacuated Tube Collector

真空集热管。EVACUATED TUBE COLLECTOR
形式：太阳能集热器\\真空管集热器\\ 71.tmf 型。
Proforma: Solar Thermal Collectors\Evacuated Tube Collector\Type71.tmf
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因为太阳能额定值和认证委员会（SRCC）使用与平板相同的方程式来定义真空管集
热器组的效率，真空管集热器和平板集热器的主要区别（从建模的角度来看）在于入
射角修正器（iams）的处理。因此，类型 71 基于类型 1 代码，主要区别在于类型 71
读取包含横向和纵向 IAM 列表的文本文件。该组件利用理论模拟各种真空管集热器类
型的热性能。整个收集器阵列可以由串联和并联的收集器组成。总集电极阵列的热性
能取决于串联模块的数量和每个模块的特性。用户必须提供效率与流体温度减去环境
温度与辐射比（dt\/it）的标准测试结果。流体温度可以是入口温度、平均温度或出口
温度。该模型假定效率与 dt／IT 曲线可以被建模为一个二次方程。（从效率 13 与
dt\/IT 假定为线性关系的版本中改变）。将斜率、截距和曲率参数应用于串联的相同收
集器，而不是在测试条件下的流量。
Because the Solar Ratings and Certification Commission (SRCC) defines the
efficiency of an evacuated tube collector bank using the same equations as those
for a flat plat, the main difference (from a modeling point of view) between an
evacuated tube collector and a flat plate collector is in the treatment of incidence
angle modifiers (IAMs). Type 71 is therefore based on the Type 1 code with the
major difference being that Type 71 reads a text file containing a list of transverse
and longitudinal IAMs. This component models the thermal performance of a variety
of an evacuated tube collector types using theory. The total collector array may
consist of collectors connected in series and in parallel. The thermal performance of
the total collector array is determined by the number of modules in series and the
characteristics of each module. The user must provide results from standard tests of
efficiency versus a ratio of fluid temperature minus ambient temperature to radiation
(DT/IT). The fluid temperature may be an inlet, average, or outlet temperature. The
model assumes that the efficiency vs. DT/IT curve can be modeled as a quadratic
equation. (Changed from version 13 where efficiency vs. DT/IT was assumed linear.)
Corrections are applied to the slope, intercept, and curvature parameters to account
for identical collectors in series, and flow rates other than those at test conditions.
通过提供双轴入射角修改器数据文件来模拟非正常太阳入射的影响。
The effects of off-normal solar incidence are modeled by the provision of a bi-axial
incidence angle modifier data file.
3.4.11.3. 性能映射采集器。Performance Map Collector

二阶入射角修正。2ND-ORDER INCIDENCE ANGLE MODIFIERS
形式：太阳能集热器性能图集热器二阶入射角修正器 72B 型 tmf。
Proforma: Solar Thermal Collectors\Performance Map Collector\2nd-Order
Incidence Angle Modifiers\Type72b.tmf
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该组件使用从外部文件中读取的性能数据对太阳能集热器的热性能进行建模。整个收
集器阵列可以由串联和并联的收集器组成。总集电极阵列的热性能取决于串联模块的
数量和每个模块的特性。用户必须输入集热器效率的性能图，作为 dt\/it、辐射和风速
的函数。这对于具有非线性效率与 dt\/it 关系的集热器、性能可能强烈依赖于辐射水平
的集热器或对风速敏感的无盖集热器非常有用。如果只考虑使用光束辐射的成像收集
器，则应仅提供光束辐射作为该组件的输入。
This component models the thermal performance of a solar collector using
performance data read from an external file. The total collector array may consist of
collectors connected in series and in parallel. The thermal performance of the total
collector array is determined by the number of modules in series and the
characteristics of each module. The user must enter a performance map of collector
efficiency as a function of DT/IT, radiation, and wind speed. This is useful for
collectors with non-linear efficiency vs. DT/IT relationships, concentrating collectors
whose performance may depend strongly upon the level of radiation, or coverless
collectors that are sensitive to wind speed. If imaging collectors, which use only
beam radiation, are considered then only beam radiation should be provided as an
input to this component.
在 72 型中，有五种可能性可以考虑非正常太阳入射的影响。在 72 型的这种情况下，
使用二阶二次函数计算入射角修饰符。该函数的系数由 ashrae 测试提供。
In Type72, there are five possibilities for considering the effects of off-normal solar
incidence. In this instance of Type72, a second order quadratic function is used to
compute the incidence angle modifier. The coefficients of the function are supplied
by an ASHRAE test.
双轴入射角修正。BIAXIAL INCIDENCE ANGLE MODIFIERS

形式：太阳能热电采集器性能图采集器双轴入射角改性器 72e 型 tmf。
Proforma: Solar Thermal Collectors\Performance Map Collector\Biaxial Incidence Angle Modifiers\Type72e.tmf
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数量和每个模块的特性。用户必须输入集热器效率的性能图，作为 dt/it、辐射和风速
的函数。这对于具有非线性效率与 dt/it 关系的集热器、性能可能强烈依赖于辐射水平
入射角修饰符作为横向和纵向入射角的函数从外部数据文件中读取。
incidence. In this instance of Type72, the incidence angle modifiers are read from an
external data file as a function of the transverse and of the longitudinal incidence
angle.
覆盖物和吸收体特性。COVER AND ABSORBER PROPERTIES
形式：太阳能集热器\\性能图集热器\\盖和吸收器属性\\ 72D 型.tmf∏。

Proforma: Solar Thermal Collectors\Performance Map Collector\Cover and Absorber
Properties\Type72d.tmf
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his component models the thermal performance of a solar collector using
入射角修改器是根据用户提供的罩和吸收体特性（如消光系数、罩厚度和折射率）计
算得出的。
incidence. In this instance of Type72, the incidence angle modifiers are calculated
from user supplied cover and absorber properties such as extinction coefficient,
cover thickness, and index of refraction.
modifiers=f（入射角）。MODIFERS=F(INCIDENCE ANGLE)
形式：太阳能集热器\\性能地图集热器\\modifiers=f（入射角）\\type72c.tmf。
Proforma: Solar Thermal Collectors\Performance Map
Collector\Modifers=f(Incidence Angle)\Type72c.tmf
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入射角修饰符是从外部数据文件中读取的，作为横向入射角的函数。
incidence. In this instance of Type72, the incidence angle modifiers are read from an
external data file as a function of the transverse incidence angle.
无入射角修正。NO INCIDENCE ANGLE MODIFICATION
形式：太阳能热电收集器性能图收集器无入射角变化型 72a
Proforma: Solar Thermal Collectors\Performance Map Collector\No Incidence Angle Modification\Type72a.tmf
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数量和每个模块的特性。用户必须输入集热器效率的性能图，作为 dt/it、辐射和风速
的函数。这对于具有非线性效率与 dt/it 关系的集热器、性能可能强烈依赖于辐射水平
在 72 型中，有五种可能性可以考虑非正常太阳入射的影响。在 72 型的这种特殊情况
下，不考虑非正常的发病率影响。
incidence. In this particular instance of Type72 no off-normal incidence effects are
considered.
3.4.11.4. 光伏集热器。PV-Thermal Collectors

浓缩收集器-恒定损耗-电池工作电压输入。CONCENTRATING COLLECTORS - CONSTANT LOSSES -
CELL OPERATING V IS INPUT
形式：太阳能集热器\\光伏集热器\\集中集热器\\恒定损耗\\电池工作电压输入\\类型
50g.tmf。
Proforma: Solar Thermal Collectors\PV-Thermal Collectors\Concentrating
Collectors\Constant Losses\Cell Operating V is input\Type50g.tmf
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这是 trnsys type1（太阳能集热器）的一种补充，在标准平板集热器上增加了一个光伏
组件。它模拟了一个组合式集热器，并结合了 florschuetz 对峰值功率下平板集热器的
分析和工作，以及亚利桑那州立大学的一份报告中给出的用于集中组合式集热器的分
析。后一种分析利用电池（或阵列）的 i-v 曲线来求解峰值功率或某一外加电压下的电
流输出。
This Type a supplement to the TRNSYS Type1 (Solar collector), adding a PV module
to the standard flat-plate collector. It simulates a combined collector and
incorporates both the analysis and work of Florschuetz for flat plate collectors
operated at peak power, and an analysis given in a report of the Arizona State
University, for concentrating combined collectors. The latter analysis makes use of
the I-V curves of the cells (or array) in solving for peak power or for current output at
some imposed voltage.
模式 1 至 4 用于对平板集热器建模，并在损耗计算中提供越来越高的复杂性。
Modes 1 to 4 are used to model flat-plate collectors and provide an increasing level
of complexity in the losses calculation.
模式 5 至 8 用于模拟浓缩收集器。此形式表对应于模 7。
Modes 5 to 8 are used to model concentrating collectors. This proforma corresponds
to Mode 7.
集热器-恒定损耗-无电池工作电压。CONCENTRATING COLLECTORS - CONSTANT LOSSES - NO CELL

OPERATING VOLTAGE
形式：太阳能集热器\\光伏集热器\\集热器\\恒定损耗\\无电池工作电压\\ 50E 型.tmf。

Collectors\Constant Losses\No cell operating voltage\Type50e.tmf
流输出。
模式 5 至 8 用于模拟浓缩收集器。此形式表对应于模式 5
to Mode 5.
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集中收集器-顶部损失 F（风、温度）-电池工作电压输入。CONCENTRATING COLLECTORS - TOP
LOSS F(WIND, TEMP) - CELL OPERATING VOLTAGE IS INPUT
形式：太阳能集热器\\光伏集热器\\聚光集热器\\顶部损耗 F（风、温度）\\电池工作电
压输入\\类型 50h.tmf。
Collectors\Top Loss f(Wind, Temp)\Cell operating voltage is input\Type50h.tmf
这是 trnsys 1 型（太阳能集热器）的一个补充，在标准平板上增加了一个光伏组件。
收藏家。它模拟了一个组合式集热器，并结合了 florschuetz 对峰值功率下平板集热器
的分析和工作，以及亚利桑那州立大学的一份报告中给出的用于集中组合式集热器的
分析。后一种分析利用电池（或阵列）的 i-v 曲线来求解峰值功率或某一外加电压下的
电流输出。
模式 5 至 8 用于模拟浓缩收集器。此形式表对应于模式 8。
to the standard flat-plate collector. It simulates a combined collector and incorporates
both the analysis and work of Florschuetz for flat plate collectors operated at peak
power, and an analysis given in a report of the Arizona State University, for
concentrating combined collectors. The latter analysis makes use of the I-V curves of
the cells (or array) in solving for peak power or for current output at some imposed
voltage.
to Mode 8.
浓缩收集器-顶部损失 F（风，温度）-无电池工作电压。CONCENTRATING COLLECTORS - TOP LOSS
F(WIND, TEMP) - NO CELL OPERATING VOLTAGE
形式：太阳能集热器\\光伏集热器\\聚光集热器\\顶部损耗 F（风、温度）\\无电池工作
电压\\ 50F 型.tmf。
Proforma: Solar Thermal Collectros\PV-Thermal Collectors\Concentrating
Collectors\Top Loss f(Wind, Temp)\No cell operating voltage\Type50f.tmf
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流输出。
模式 5 至 8 用于模拟浓缩收集器。此形式表对应模式 6.
to Mode 6.
平板收集器.透射比的角度依赖性。FLAT PLATE COLLECTORS - ANGULAR DEPENDENCE OF

TRANSMITANCE
形式：太阳能集热器\\光伏集热器\\平板集热器\\透射率的角度依赖性\\ 50C 型.tmf。
Proforma: Solar Thermal Collectros\PV-Thermal Collectors\Flat Plate
Collectors\Angular dependence of Transmitance\Type50c.tmf
流输出。
模式 5 至 8 用于模拟浓缩收集器。此形式表对应于模式 3.
to Mode 3.
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平板收集器-恒定损耗。FLAT PLATE COLLECTORS - CONSTANT LOSSES
形式：太阳能集热器\\光伏集热器\\平板集热器\\恒定损耗\\ 50A 型.tmf。

Proforma: Solar Thermal Collectors\PV-Thermal Collectors\Flat Plate
Collectors\Constant Losses\Type50a.tmf
流输出。
模式 5 到 8 用于对集中式收集器建模。
Modes 5 to 8 are used to model concentrating collectors.
该形式对应于模式 1：恒定损耗系数（ul）和传输系数（to）。
This proforma corresponds to Mode 1: constant loss coefficient (UL) and
transmission coefficient (to).
平板收集器-损耗=f（t，ws，g）和 t=f（角度）。FLAT PLATE COLLECTORS - LOSS=F(T,WS,G)
AND T=F(ANGLE)
形式：太阳能集热器\\光伏集热器\\平板集热器\\损耗=f（t，ws，g）和 t=f（角）类型
50d.tmf。
Collectors\Loss=f(T,WS,G) and t=f(angle)\Type50d.tmf
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流输出。
模式 5 至 8 用于模拟浓缩收集器。此形式表对应于模式 4.
to Mode 4.
平板收集器-损耗=F（温度、风、几何形状）。FLAT PLATE COLLECTORS - LOSSES=F(TEMP, WIND,
GEOMETRY)
形式：太阳能集热器\\光伏集热器\\平板集热器\\损耗=F（温度、风力、几何尺寸）\\
50B 型.tmf。
Collectors\Losses=f(Temp, wind, geometry)\Type50b.tmf
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流输出。
模式 5 至 8 用于模拟浓缩收集器。
Modes 5 to 8 are used to model concentrating collectors.
该形式对应于模式 2：集热器的热损失系数是根据工作温度、风速和集热器结构细节
计算得出的。
This proforma corresponds to Mode 2: the thermal loss coefficient of the collector is
calculated as a function of the operating temperatures, windspeed and collector
construction details.
3.4.11.5. 二次效率收集器。Quadratic Efficiency Collector

二阶入射角修正。2ND-ORDER INCIDENCE ANGLE MODIFIERS
形式：太阳能集热器\\二次效率集热器\\二阶入射角修正器\\ 1B 型.tmf。
Proforma: Solar Thermal Collectors\Quadratic Efficiency Collector\2nd-Order
Incidence Angle Modifiers\Type1b.tmf
Trnsys 型号：类型 1。TRNSYS Model: Type 1
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该组件模拟平板太阳能集热器的热性能。太阳能集热器阵列可以由串联和并联的集热
器组成。集电极阵列的热性能取决于串联模块的数量和每个模块的特性。用户必须提
供集热器效率与流体温度减去环境温度与太阳辐射之比的标准测试结果。流体温度可
以是入口温度、平均温度或出口温度。在类型 1 中，有 5 种可能性考虑非正常太阳入
射的影响。在类型 1 的这种情况下，使用二阶二次函数计算入射角修饰符。函数系数
由 ASHRAE 或等效测试提供（见手册）。
This component models the thermal performance of a flat-plate solar collector. The
solar collector array may consist of collectors connected in series and in parallel.
The thermal performance of the collector array is determined by the number of
modules in series and the characteristics of each module. The user must provide
results from standard tests of collector efficiency versus a ratio of fluid temperature
minus ambient temperature to solar radiation. The fluid temperature may be the inlet
temperature, the average temperature, or the outlet temperature. In Type1, there
are 5 possibilities for considering the effects of off-normal solar incidence. In this
instance of Type1, a second order quadratic function is used to compute the
incidence angle modifier. The coefficients of the function are supplied by an
ASHRAE or equivalent test (see manual).
双轴入射角修正。BIAXIAL INCIDENCE ANGLE MODIFIERS
形式：太阳能集热器\\二次效率集热器\\双轴入射角修正器\\类型 1e.tmf。
Proforma: Solar Thermal Collectors\Quadratic Efficiency Collector\Biaxial Incidence
Angle Modifiers\Type1e.tmf
射的影响。在类型 1 的这种情况下，入射角修饰符是从外部数据文件中读取的，作为
横向和纵向入射角的函数（参见手册）。此模式通常用于真空管集热器，建议使用 71
型。
temperature, the average temperature, or the outlet temperature. In Type1, there are
5 possibilities for considering the effects of off-normal solar incidence. In this
instance of Type1, the incidence angle modifiers are read from an external data file
as a function of the transversal and longitudinal incidence angles (see manual). This
mode is generally used for evacuated tube collectors, for which it is recommended
to use Type 71.
覆盖物和吸收体特性。COVER AND ABSORBER PROPERTIES
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形式：太阳能集热器\\二次效率集热器\\盖和吸收体特性\\类型 1d.tmf∏。
Proforma: Solar Thermal Collectors\Quadratic Efficiency Collector\Cover and
Absorber Properties\Type1d.tmf
射的影响。在类型 1 的这种情况下，入射角修改器是根据用户提供的罩和吸收体特性
（如消光系数、罩厚度和折射率）计算得出的。
instance of Type1, the incidence angle modifiers are calculated from user supplied
cover and absorber properties such as extinction coefficient, cover thickness, and
index of refraction.
modifiers=f（入射角）。MODIFERS=F(INCIDENCE ANGLE)
形式：太阳能集热器\\二次效率集热器\\modifiers=f（入射角）\\type1c.tmf。
Proforma: Solar Thermal Collectors\Quadratic Efficiency
Collector\Modifers=f(Incidence Angle)\Type1c.tmf
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射的影响。在类型 1 的这种情况下，入射角修饰符是从外部数据文件中读取的，作为
横向和纵向入射角的函数（参见手册）。在 Type1 的这种情况下，入射角修饰符是从
外部数据文件中读取的，作为入射角的函数（假定收集器是对称的，请参阅手册）。
instance of Type1, the incidence angle modifiers are read from an external data file
as a function of the transversal and longitudinal incidence angles (see manual). In
this instance of Type1, the incidence angle modifiers are read from an external data
file as a function of the incidence angle (the collector is assumed to be symmetrical,
see manual).
无入射角修正。NO INCIDENCE ANGLE MODIFICATION

形式：太阳能集热器\\二次效率集热器\\无入射角修正\\ 1A 型.tmf。
Proforma: Solar Thermal Collectors\Quadratic Efficiency Collector\No Incidence
Angle Modification\Type1a.tmf
射的影响。在这种类型 1 的情况下，不考虑非正常的入射效应。
temperature, the average temperature, or the outlet temperature. In Type1, there
are 5 possibilities for considering the effects of off-normal solar incidence. In this
nstance of Type1 no off-normal incidence effects are considered.
3.4.11.6. 理论平板收集器。Theoretical Flat-Plate Collector

理论平板收集器。THEORETICAL FLAT-PLATE COLLECTOR
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形式：太阳能集热器\\理论平板集热器\\类型 73.tmf。
Proforma: Solar Thermal Collectors\Theoretical Flat-Plate Collector\Type73.tmf
该组件模拟了理论平板集热器的热性能。整个收集器阵列可以由串联和并联的收集器
组成。总集电极阵列的热性能取决于串联模块的数量和每个模块的特性。该模型为平
板的理论分析提供了依据。采用 hottel-whillier 稳态模型进行热性能评价。
This component models the thermal performance of a theoretical flat plate collector.
The total collector array may consist of collectors connected in series and in parallel.
The thermal performance of the total collector array is determined by the number of
modules in series and the characteristics of each module. This model provides for
the theoretical analyses of a flat plate. The Hottel-Whillier steady-state model is used
for evaluating the thermal performance.
3.4.11.7. 集成存储的热虹吸收集器。Thermosyphon Collector with

Integral Storage
扬程与流量的外部文件。EXTERNAL FILE FOR HEAD VS. FLOWRATE
形式：太阳能集热器\\带整体存储的热虹吸管集热器\\扬程与流量的外部文件\\ 45.tmf
型。
Proforma: Solar Thermal Collectors\Thermosyphon Collector with Integral
Storage\External File for Head vs. Flowrate\Type45.tmf
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该组件模拟热虹吸太阳能集热器系统。该系统由平板太阳能集热器、物理上位于集热
板上方的分层储槽（垂直或水平圆筒）、防止逆流的止回阀和作为工作流体的水组
成。假定回路中的流量为稳态。通过将热虹吸管回路划分成若干垂直于流动方向的
段，并对每个段应用伯努利不可压缩流动方程，对系统进行了分析。通过对得到的方
程组进行数值求解，得到了流量。采用 38 型代数罐组件对储罐分层进行建模。与固定
节点模型（类型。
This component models the thermosyphon solar collector system. The system
consists of a flat-plate solar collector, a stratified storage tank (either vertical or
horizontal cylinder) located physically above the collector plate, a check valve to
prevent reverse flow, and water as the working fluid. Flow in the loop is assumed to
be steady-state. The system is analyzed by dividing the thermosyphon loop into a
number of segments normal to the flow direction and applying Bernoulli's equation
for incompressible flow to each segment. The flow rate is obtained by numerical
solution of the resulting set of equations. The stratification in the storage tank is
modeled usin g the Type 38 Algebraic tank component. The advantage of the
Type 38 model over fixed node models (Type
4）可以使用大的模拟时间步长。对于许多分层的坦克系统，38 型坦克模型中 1 小时
的时间步长是足够的，而对于具有大量固定节点的 4 型坦克模型，则需要几分钟的仿
真时间步长。类型 45 的此实例从外部数据文件读取热虹吸管系统中的扬程与流速。
4) is that large simulation time steps can be used. A time step of 1 hour in the Type
38 tank model is sufficient for many stratified tank systems, whereas simulation time
steps of a few minutes are necessary in a Type 4 model with a large number of fixed
nodes. This instance of Type45 reads head vs. flow rate in the thermosyphon system
from an external data file.
内部计算的扬程与流量。HEAD VS FLOWRATE CALCULATED INTERNALLY

形式：太阳能集热器\/热虹吸管集热器，带整体式存储装置；扬程与内部计算的流量之
比。
Proforma: Solar Thermal Collectors\Thermosyphon Collector with Integral
Storage\Head vs Flowrate Calculated Internally\Type45a.tmf
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该组件模拟热虹吸太阳能集热器系统。该系统由平板太阳能集热器、物理上位于集热
板上方的分层储槽（垂直或水平圆筒）、防止逆流的止回阀和作为工作流体的水组
成。假定回路中的流量为稳态。通过将热虹吸管回路划分成若干垂直于流动方向的
段，并对每个段应用伯努利不可压缩流动方程，对系统进行了分析。通过对得到的方
程组进行数值求解，得到了流量。使用 38 型代数罐组件对储罐中的分层进行建模。与
固定节点模型（类型。
This component models the thermosyphon solar collector system. The system
consists of a flat-plate solar collector, a stratified storage tank (either vertical or
horizontal cylinder) located physically above the collector plate, a check valve to
prevent reverse flow, and water as the working fluid. Flow in the loop is assumed to
be steady-state. The system is analyzed by dividing the thermosyphon loop into a
number of segments normal to the flow direction and applying Bernoulli's equation
for incompressible flow to each segment. The flow rate is obtained by numerical
solution of the resulting set of equations. The stratification in the storage tank is
modeled using the Type 38 Algebraic tank component. The advantage of the
Type 38 model over fixed node models (Type
4）可以使用大的模拟时间步长。对于许多分层的坦克系统，38 型坦克模型中 1 小时
的时间步长是足够的，而对于具有大量固定节点的 4 型坦克模型，则需要几分钟的仿
真时间步长。类型 45 的这个实例使用曲线拟合来内部计算热虹吸管系统中的扬程与流
量。
4) is that large simulation time steps can be used. A time step of 1 hour in the Type
38 tank model is sufficient for many stratified tank systems, whereas simulation time
steps of a few minutes are necessary in a Type 4 model with a large number of fixed
nodes. This instance of Type45 uses a curve fit to internally calculate head vs. flow
rate in the thermosyphon system.
3.4.12. 蓄热。Thermal Storage

3.4.12.1. 定容储液。Constant Volume Liquid Storage
立式罐-无换热器。VERTICAL TANK – NO HX
形式：蓄热式、定容式、液体储存式、立式罐式、无换热器式、158 型、tmf 型。
Proforma: Thermal Storage\Constant Volume Liquid Storage\Vertical Tank\No
HX\Type158.tmf
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这个子程序用一个垂直的配置来模拟一个充液的、定容的储罐。储液罐中的流体与环
境相互作用（通过顶部、底部和边缘的热损失），并与进出储液罐的多达两条流相互
作用。储罐被划分为等温温度节点（以模拟储罐中观察到的分层），用户通过指定
“节点”数量来控制分层程度。假设每个定容节点都是等温的，并通过以下几种机制
与上下节点进行热交互：节点之间的流体传导和流体运动（来自入口流的强制运动或
由于温度引起的自然非分层混合在坦克里倒转）。可通过使用模型输入向水箱提供辅
助热量。
This subroutine models a fluid-filled, constant volume storage tank with a vertical
configuration. The fluid in the storage tank interacts with the environment (through
thermal losses from the top, bottom and edges) and with up to two flow streams that
pass into and out of the storage tank. The tank is divided into isothermal temperature
nodes (to model stratification observed in storage tanks) where the user controls the
degree of stratification through the specification of the number of "nodes". Each
constant-volume node is assumed to be isothermal and interacts thermally with the
nodes above and below through several mechanisms: fluid conduction between
nodes and through fluid movement (either forced movement from inlet flow streams
or natural destratification mixing due to temperature inversions in the tank). Auxiliary
heat may be provided to the tank through the use of inputs to the model.
立式水箱-带换热器。VERTICAL TANK – WITH HX
形式：蓄热式\/定容储液式\/立式罐式\/带 HX 的 156.tmf。
Proforma: Thermal Storage\Constant Volume Liquid Storage\Vertical Tank\With
HX\Type156.tmf
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该子程序模拟了一个充液的、带浸入式螺旋管换热器的定容储罐。该组件以垂直配置
为圆柱形油箱建模。储罐中的流体与热交换器中的流体相互作用（通过与浸没式热交
换器的热传递），与环境相互作用（通过从顶部、底部和边缘的热损失），并与进出
储罐的多达两条流相互作用。储罐被划分为等温温度节点（以模拟储罐中观察到的分
层），用户通过指定“节点”数量来控制分层程度。假设每个定容节点都是等温的，
并通过以下几种机制与上下节点进行热交互：节点之间的流体传导和流体运动（来自
入口流的强制运动或由于温度引起的自然非分层混合在坦克里倒转）。可通过使用模
型输入向水箱提供辅助热量。
This subroutine models a fluid-filled, constant volume storage tank with an immersed
coiled-tube heat exchanger. This component models a cylindrical tank with a vertical
configuration. The fluid in the storage tank interacts with the fluid in the heat
exchanger (through heat transfer with the immersed heat exchanger), with the
environment (through thermal losses from the top, bottom and edges) and with up to
two flow streams that pass into and out of the storage tank. The tank is divided into
isothermal temperature nodes (to model stratification observed in storage tanks)
where the user controls the degree of stratification through the specification of the
number of "nodes". Each constant-volume node is assumed to be isothermal and
interacts thermally with the nodes above and below through several mechanisms:
fluid conduction between nodes and through fluid movement (either forced
movement from inlet flow streams or natural destratification mixing due to
temperature inversions in the tank). Auxiliary heat may be provided to the tank
through the use of inputs to the model.
3.4.12.2. 塞流罐。Plug-Flow Tank

溢流罐塞。PLUG-FLOW TANK
形式：蓄热式\/塞流式水箱 38.tmf。Proforma: Thermal Storage\Plug-Flow Tank\Type38.tmf
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该组件使用可变大小的流体段模拟温度分层存储罐的行为。段的大小取决于模拟时间
步长、集热器和负荷流量的大小、热损失和辅助输入。相对于固定节点模拟技术（例
如，4 型）的主要优点是温度分层可以用温度梯度区中的小段建模，而不需要使用小
的模拟时间步长来获得良好的解决方案。该模型最适合于具有较大分层程度的储罐。
This component models the behaviour of a temperature stratified storage tank using
variable size segments of fluid. The size of segments is governed by the simulation
time step, the magnitude of collector and load flow rates, heat losses and auxiliary
input. The main advantage over fixed node simulation techniques (eg. TYPE 4) is
that temperature stratification can be modeled with small segments in the
temperature gradient zone without the need to use small simulation time steps to
obtain a good solution. This model is most appropriate for tanks that exhibit a large
degree of stratification.
有两种操作模式。在模式 1 中，水箱有固定的入口位置，如果温度在 1\/2 度范围内，
则流量与相邻段混合。否则将创建一个新段，并通过在入口上方或下方混合适当的段
来校正温度反演。在模式 2 中，油箱具有可变的进口位置，并且在不会产生温度倒转
的液位处插入新段。这允许最大程度的分层，相当于具有大量节点的类型 4 模型。
There are two modes of operation. In mode 1, the tank has fixed inlet positions and
the flow mixes with adjacent segments if its temperature is within 1/2 degree.
Otherwise a new segment is created and temperature inversions are corrected by
mixing appropriate segments above or below the inlets. In mode 2, the tank has
variable inlet positions and new segments are inserted at the levels which produce
no temperature inversions. This allows a maximum degree of stratification and is
equivalent to the TYPE 4 model with a large number of nodes.
3.4.12.3. 岩床储存。Rock Bed Storage

岩床储存。ROCK BED STORAGE
形式：蓄热式\/岩床式蓄热式 10.tmf。
Proforma: Thermal Storage\Rock Bed Storage\Type10.tmf
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岩床储热可以通过填充床中流体流动的传热关系来描述。忽略岩石内部的温度梯度、
轴向传导和假设空气通过床层的均匀流动，两个偏微分方程将空气和岩石温度描述为
床层位置和时间的函数。这些方程可以用有限差分法求解。但是，很小。
Rock bed thermal storage can be described by the relations governing heat transfer
for fluid flow in packed beds. Neglecting temperature gradients within the rocks,
axial conduction and assuming a uniform flow distribution of air through the bed, two
partial differential equations describe the air and rock temperatures as a function of
bed position and time. These equations can be solved by finite difference methods.
However, small
为了保持精度，需要时间步长和多个节点。
time steps and many nodes are required to maintain accuracy.
请注意，只有其中一个流（向上或向下）为正时，数学模型才有效。如果两个流都是
正的，则会收到错误消息。
Note that the mathematical model is only valid if one of the flows (up or down) is
positive. You will get an error message if both flows are positive.
3.4.12.4. 简易电热储液。Simple Electric Heated Liquid Storage

简易电热储液。SIMPLE ELECTRIC HEATED LIQUID STORAGE
形式：蓄热式\/简易电热式液体储存型 154.tmf。
Proforma: Thermal Storage\Simple Electric Heated Liquid Storage\Type154.tmf
这种型号的标准住宅双元件电热水器。该模型将储罐容积表示为一系列柱状等温节
点，以模拟储罐中观察到的分层现象。每个定容节点通过流体传导、强制流体运动
（来自入口流）和自然流体混合（罐内温度反演的去分层）与上下节点进行热交互。
储罐中的流体通过顶部、底部和边缘的热损失与环境相互作用。
This Type models a standard residential dual-element electric water heater. The
model represents the storage volume as a series of cylindrical, isothermal nodes in
order to model the stratification observed in storage tanks. Each constant-volume
node interacts thermally with the nodes above and below through fluid conduction,
forced fluid movement (from inlet flow), and natural fluid mixing (destratification of
temperature inversions in the tank). The fluid in the tank interacts with the
environment through thermal losses from the top, bottom, and edges.
水箱有两个集成辅助加热器，两个加热器均通过集成恒温器控制。
There are two integrated auxiliary heaters for the tank, both of which are controlled
through integrated thermostats.
3.4.12.5. 简易气热储液。Simple Gas Heated Liquid Storage

简易气热储液。SIMPLE GAS HEATED LIQUID STORAGE
形式：蓄热式\/简易气热式液体蓄热式\/153.tmf 型。
Proforma: Thermal Storage\Simple Gas Heated Liquid Storage\Type153.tmf
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这种型号的标准家用燃气热水器。该模型将储罐容积表示为一系列柱状等温节点，以
模拟储罐中观察到的分层现象。每个定容节点通过流体传导、强制流体运动（来自入
口流）和自然流体混合（罐内温度反演的去分层）与上下节点热相互作用。储罐中的
流体通过顶部、底部和边缘的热损失与环境相互作用。水箱底部有一个集成的辅助加
热器，通过集成的恒温器进行控制。
This Type models a standard residential gas water heater. The model represents the
storage volume as a series of cylindrical, isothermal nodes, in order to model the
stratification observed in storage tanks. Each constant- volume node interacts
thermally with the nodes above and below through fluid conduction, forced fluid
movement (from inlet flow), and natural fluid mixing (destratification of temperature
inversions in the tank). The fluid in the tank interacts with the environment through
thermal losses from the top, bottom, and edges. There is an integrated auxiliary
heater at the bottom of the tank, which is controlled through an integrated thermostat.
3.4.12.6. 变容水箱。Variable Volume Tank

变容水箱。VARIABLE VOLUME TANK
形式：蓄热式可变容积水箱 39.tmf。
Proforma: Thermal Storage\Variable Volume Tank\Type39.tmf
该部件模拟了一个具有恒定横截面积的全混合罐，其中包含可变量的流体。在最简单
的形式中，单个流从热源进入，单个流退出到负载。由于进料和出料流量不相等，罐
内流体的液位可以变化。允许级别在用户指定的高级别和低级别限制之间变化。如果
达到下限，则输出维持该水平所需的负荷流，而不是所需的负荷流。如果液体的体积
超过上限，则将使油箱保持在上限所需的过量流量设置为输出。当达到上限时，有两
种处理过剩流量的模式。在模式 1 中，多余的流量与储罐的内容物混合以模拟再循环
流。在这种情况下，过流流的温度是罐内物的温度。在模式 2 中，多余的流入液体流
从罐中分流。改道水流的温度等于来水水流的温度。
This component models a fully-mixed tank with a constant cross-sectional area that
contains a variable quantity of fluid. In its simplest form, a single flow enters from a
hot source and a single flow stream exits to a load. Since the incoming and outgoing
flows need not be equal, the level of fluid in the tank can vary. The level is allowed to
vary between user specified high and low level limits. If the lower limit is reached, the
load flow necessary to maintain this level is output rather than the desired load flow.
If the volume of fluid exceeds the upper limit, then the excess flow necessary to
keep the tank at the upper limit is set as an output. There are two modes for
handling excess flow when the upper limit is reached. In mode 1, excess flow mixes
with the contents of the tank to simulate a recirculation flow stream. In this case, the
temperature of the excess flow stream is the temperature of the contents of the tank.
In mode 2, the excess incoming fluid stream is diverted from the tank. The
temperature of the diverted stream is equal to that of the incoming flow stream.
3.4.13. 效用。Utility
3.4.13.1. 调用外部程序。Calling External Programs
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康塔姆。CONTAM
形式：实用程序调用外部程序。
Proforma: Utility\Calling External Programs\CONTAM\Type97.tmf
该模型允许在 TRNSYS 中使用 CONTAM 多区气流模型。Type97 读取 Contam 多区

域建筑描述文件，使用 Contam 计算气流模型，并提供 Contam 输出。CONTAM 建立
描述文件（*.AIR 文件）可以使用 CARAMW 图形用户界面创建（使用 CONTAMW 中
的 Simult\/TrimeTrnSyS 输入文件）。
This model allows to use the CONTAM Multizone Air Flow Model with TRNSYS.
Type97 reads a CONTAM multizone building description file, computes the air flow
model using CONTAM, and provides CONTAM outputs. CONTAM building
description files (*.air files) can be created using the CONTAMW graphical user
interface (use Simulation/Create TRNSYS input file in CONTAMW).
Contam 和 ContamW 均可免费下载，网址为：
http:\/\/www.bfrl.nist.gov\/iaqanalysis\/。
Both CONTAM and CONTAMW are available for free download at
http://www.bfrl.nist.gov/IAQanalysis/
EES-每次呼叫 EES。EES - CALL EES EVERYTIME
形式：实用程序\\调用外部程序\\ees\\call ees everytime\\type66a.tmf。

Proforma: Utility\Calling External Programs\EES\Call EES EveryTime\Type66a.tmf
此类型可用于从 trnsys 仿真调用程序工程方程求解器（ees）中编写的组件。有关

EES 的更多信息，请参阅技术文档或访问 http:\/\/www.fchart.com。在模型的这个实例
中，所有的输入都被发送到 ees，ees 在每次迭代和每个时间步骤都被调用。
This Type may be used to call components written in the program Engineering
Equation Solver (EES) from a TRNSYS simulation. For additional information about
EES, please refer to the technical documentation or visit http://www.fchart.com. In
this instance of the model, all inputs are sent to EES and EES is called at every
iteration and at every time step.
EES-第一个输入是控制信号-关闭时保持最后计算值。EES - FIRST INPUT IS A CONTROL SIGNAL -

HOLD LAST CALCULATED VALUES WHEN OFF
实用程序\调用外部程序\ EES \第一个输入是控制信号\关闭时保留最后计算的值\类型
66D
Proforma: Utility\Calling External Programs\EES\First Input is a Control Signal\Hold
Last Calculated Values when OFF\Type66d.tmf
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EES 的更多信息，请参阅技术文档或访问 http://www.fchart.com。在模型的这种情况
下，该模型的第一个输入被视为控制信号。当控制信号设置为零时，将不调用 ees 模
型。不调用时，ees 生成的输出将保留在此实例中最后计算的值。
this instance of the model, the first input to this model is treated as a control signal.
When the control signal is set to zero, the EES model will not be called. When not
called, the EES generated outputs will be held at their last calculated values in this
instance.
EES-第一个输入是控制信号-关闭时将输出设置为预定义值。EES - FIRST INPUT IS A CONTROL
SIGNAL - SET OUTPUTS TO PREDEFINED VALUES WHEN OFF
形式：实用程序\\调用外部程序\\ ees \\第一个输入是一个控制信号\\在关闭时将输出设
置为预定义值\\type66c.tmf。
Proforma: Utility\Calling External Programs\EES\First Input is a Control Signal\Set
Outputs to Predefined Values when OFF\Type66c.tmf

EES 的更多信息，请参阅技术文档或访问 http:\/\/www.fchart.com。在模型的这种情况
型。不调用时，EES 生成的输出将被设置为在此实例中预定义为参数的值。
called, the EES generated outputs will be set to values predefined as parameters in
this instance.
EES-第一个输入是控制信号-关闭时将输出设置为零。EES - FIRST INPUT IS A CONTROL SIGNAL -

SET OUTPUTS TO ZERO WHEN OFF
形式：实用程序\\调用外部程序\\ ees \\第一个输入是控制信号\\关闭时将输出设置为零
\\type66b.tmf。
Proforma: Utility\Calling External Programs\EES\First Input is a Control Signal\Set
Outputs to Zero when OFF\Type66b.tmf
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EES 的更多信息，请参阅技术文档或访问 http:\/\/www.fchart.com。在模型的这种情况
型。不调用时，EES 生成的输出将全部设置为零。
called, the EES generated outputs will all be set to zero.
ESP-R
形式：实用程序\调用外部程序\esp-r\type130.tmf
Proforma: Utility\Calling External Programs\ESP-r\Type130.tmf
类型 130 是数据交换类型。它将用于与建筑性能能量建模软件 esp-r 的联合仿真。

它作为多液压和/或空气连接件工作。它接收空气和流体状态（温度、流速），将其传
输到 TRNSYS 模拟，然后将其发送回外部程序。类型 130 的输出表示来自 ESP-R 的
数据，而输入是发送到 ESP-R 的数据。
其他信息也可以交换，如 ESP-R 中实施的建筑物的分区数据（温度、湿度）和
TRNSYS 系统组件的偶然收益（环境损失…）
Type130 is a data exchanger type. It is to be used in a co-simulation with the building
performance energy modeling software ESP-r.
It works as a multi hydraulic and/or air connection. It receives air and fluid states
(temperatures, flow rates), transmits them to a TRNSYS simulation and then sends
them back to the external program. Outputs of Type130 represent data coming from
ESP-r whereas inputs are data sent to ESP-r.
Other information can also be exchanged like zones data (temperature, humidity)
from buildings implemented in ESP-r and casual gains from TRNSYS systems
components (environement losses,...)
“模式”参数允许用户在正常使用类型 130 和与 ESP-R 交换数据（模式=0）之间进
行选择，或者也可以使用类型的“测试”版本（模式=1）。测试版本用于在添加 ESP-
R 和执行真正的联合仿真之前测试和调试 TRNSYS 仿真。它最多为 2 个区域、2 个
HCC 和 2 个 ACCS 端口发送常量值。$。
The "Mode"parameter allows the user to choose between using Type 130 normally
and exchange data with ESP- r (Mode = 0) or also to use the "test" version of the
type (Mode = 1). The test version is meant to be used to test and debug a Trnsys
simulation before adding Esp-r and performing a real co-simulation. It sends constant
values for a maximum of 2 zones, 2 HCCs and 2 ACCs ports.
擅长。EXCEL
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形式：实用程序\调用外部程序\excel\type62.tmf
Proforma: Utility\Calling External Programs\Excel\Type62.tmf
此 trnsys 类型实现与 excel 的链接。fortran 例程通过组件对象模型（com）接口与

excel 通信，以实现快速数据传输。
trnsys 将组件的输入发送到 excel 工作表中的给定单元格。必须通过定义 excel 名称
（“inp1”…）来标识这些单元格。 iP10“”。在 excel 中，可以通过快捷方式
“ctrl+f3”来定义名称。同样地，输出必须得到“out1”…”这样的名称。“10”。
This TRNSYS Type implements a link with Excel. The Fortran routine communicates
with Excel through a Component Object Model (COM) interface for fast data transfer.
TRNSYS sends the component's inputs to given cells in your excel worksheets.
Those cells must be identified by defining an excel-name ("Inp1" ... "Inp10"). In
Excel, names can be defined i.e. by using the shortcut "CTRL+F3". In the same way
outputs must get names like "Out1" ... "Out10".
马西斯。MATHIS
形式：实用程序\\调用外部程序\\mathis\\type159.tmf。
Proforma: Utility\Calling External Programs\Mathis\Type159.tmf
模拟代码 mathis 作为 trnsys 的单独类型提供。它可以模拟建筑物的气流网络。

The simulation code MATHIS is available as a separate type for TRNSYS. It allows
modelling the air flow network of a building.
可以在 Studio Studio 中使用“文件\/新项目\/耦合马西斯项目”特性创建一个新项目。要
编辑气流网络，请在类型 159 上单击鼠标右键，然后选择“编辑气流网络”。
A new project can be created using the “File/New project/Coupled MATHIS project”
feature in Simulation Studio. To edit the air flow network, right click the type 159 and
select “Edit air flow network”.
演示版附带默认的 trnsys 安装程序。如果您希望获得完整的商业版本，请联系您的经销商或访问
MATLAB
http:\/\/software.cstb.fr。DEMO version comes with the default Trnsys installer. If you wish to get a full commercial
version, please contact your distributor or go to http://software.cstb.fr
形式：实用程序\调用外部程序\Matlab\type155.tmf
Proforma: Utility\Calling External Programs\Matlab\Type155.tmf
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这种 trnsys 类型用 matlab 实现了一个链接。连接使用的是 Matlab 引擎，它是作为一
个单独的进程启动的。Fortran 例程通过组件对象模型（COM）接口与 Matlab 引擎通
信。类型 155 可以有不同的调用模式（例如迭代组件或实时控制器）。
必须安装 Matlab（6.5 或更高版本）才能使用此组件，并且 Matlab 的“bin\win32”文
件夹必须位于 Windows 搜索路径上。请注意，此 trnsys 组件必须针对特定版本的
Matlab 重新编译。
This TRNSYS Type implements a link with Matlab. The connection uses the Matlab
engine, which is launched as a separate process. The Fortran routine communicates
with the Matlab engine through a Component Object Model (COM) interface. Type
155 can have different calling modes (e.g. iterative component or real-time
controller).
You must have Matlab (6.5 or later) installed to use this component and Matlab's
"bin\win32" folder must be on windows search path. Please note that this TRNSYS
component must be recompiled specific to a particular version of Matlab.
PYTHON - USING I/O FILES

形式：utility\\calling external programs\\python\\type163.tmf。
Proforma: Utility\Calling External Programs\Python\Type163.tmf
这种 trnsys 类型允许 trnsys 与 python 脚本通信。通信是通过在 fortran 和 python 中使

用文件 i\/o 来完成的，因此速度不是特别快。要使链接正常工作，必须在计算机上安
装 python 环境，并且 python 的路径必须包含在 windows 路径中。（如果您可以通过
在命令窗口中简单地键入 Python 来打开 Windows 命令提示符并执行 Python，那么
Python 的路径就被正确地包含在 Windows 路径中）。虽然这类似于在 Python 中编写
TrnSype 类型，但 Python 脚本将不会执行通常的初始化步骤。或者可以像访问完整的
trnsys 类型一样访问 trnsys 函数。
This TRNSYS Type allows TRNSYS to communicate with the Python script. The
communication is accomplished by using file i/o in both FORTRAN and Python, so it
is not particularly fast. For the link to work, a Python environment must be installed
on the computer and the path to Python must be included in the Windows path. (If
you can open a Windows Command Prompt and execute Python by simply typing
python in the Command Window, then the path to Python is correctly included in the
Windows path.) While this is similar to writing a TRNSYS type in Python, the Python
script will not perform the usual initialization steps or have access to the TRNSYS
function like a full TRNSYS type.
python——直接调用 python。PYTHON – DIRECT CALLING PYTHON

形式：utility\\calling external programs\\python\\type169.tmf。
Proforma: Utility\Calling External Programs\Python\Type169.tmf
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这种 trnsys 类型允许 trnsys 与 python 脚本进行通信。这个组件是用 C++编写的，允
许在代码中嵌入 Python。包装器也被创建来增强 python，以便在 trnsys 和 python 之
间直接通信变量。要使链接正常工作，必须在计算机上安装 python 环境，并且 python
的路径必须包含在 windows 路径中。（如果您可以通过在命令窗口中简单地键入
Python 来打开 Windows 命令提示符并执行 Python，那么 Python 的路径就被正确地
包含在 Windows 路径中）。虽然这类似于在 Python 中编写 TrnSype 类型，但 Python
脚本将不会执行通常的初始化步骤。或者可以像访问完整的 trnsys 类型一样访问
trnsys 函数。
This TRNSYS Type allows TRNSYS to communticate with a Python script. This
component is written in C++ to allow for embedding the Python in the code.
Wrappers are also created to enhance Python to communicate variables directly
between TRNSYS and Python. For the link to work, a Python environment must be
installed on the computer and the path to Python must be included in the Windows
path. (If you can open a Windows Command Prompt and execute Python by simply
typing python in the Command Window, then the path to Python is correctly included
in the Windows path.) While this is similar to writing a TRNSYS type in Python, the
Python script will not perform the usual initialization steps or have access to the
TRNSYS function like a full TRNSYS type.
3.4.13.2. 数据阅读器。Data Readers

通用数据文件.专家模式.自由格式。GENERIC DATA FILES - EXPERT MODE - FREE FORMAT
形式：实用程序\\数据读取器\\通用数据文件\\专家模式\\自由格式\\type9e.tmf。
Proforma: Utility\Data Readers\Generic Data Files\Expert Mode\Free Format\Type9e.tmf
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该组件的目的是以固定的时间间隔从数据文件中读取数据，将其转换为所需的单位系
统，并将其作为时变强制函数提供给其他 trnsys 组件。这个组件在本质上是非常通用
的，并且可以读取许多不同类型的文件。行与行之间的数据必须以固定的时间间隔。
This component serves the purpose of reading data at regular time intervals from a
data file, converting it to a desired system of units, and making it available to other
TRNSYS components as time-varying forcing functions. This component is very
general in nature and can read many different types of files. The data from line to line
must be at constant time intervals.
注意，如果类型 9 与类型 16（太阳辐射处理器）一起用于读取天气文件，建议使用类
型 109。类型 109 以更方便的方式执行类型 9 和类型 16 的功能。
Note that the use of Type 109 is recommended if Type 9 is used to read a weather
file in combination with Type 16 (solar radiation processor). Type 109 performs the
functions of both Type 9 and Type 16 in a more convenient way.
在专家模式下，用户必须选择适当的操作模式（参数 1）。如果您不知道使用哪种模
式，您应该首先检查类型 9 的其他可用形式。操作模式允许使用从年初或模拟期开始
的文件，这些文件在输入文件中提供或不提供初始条件。有关操作模式的详细信息，
请参阅参数 1 的说明，并查看手册。
In expert mode, the user must select the appropriate operation mode (Parameter 1).
If you do not know which mode to use, you should first check the other available
proformas for Type 9. The operation modes allow to use files that start at the
beginning of the year or at the beginning of the simulated period and that provide or
not initial conditions in the input files. Please see the description of Parameter 1 and
check the manuals for more details on operation modes.
通用数据文件-专家模式-指定格式。GENERIC DATA FILES - EXPERT MODE - SPECIFIED FORMAT
形式：实用程序\\数据读取器\\通用数据文件\\专家模式\\指定格式\\type9g.tmf。
Proforma: Utility\Data Readers\Generic Data Files\Expert Mode\Specified
Format\Type9g.tmf
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的，并且可以读取许多不同类型的文件。行与行之间的数据必须以固定的时间间隔。
注意，如果类型 9 与类型 16（太阳辐射处理器）一起用于读取天气文件，建议使用类
型 109。类型 109 以更方便的方式执行类型 9 和类型 16 的功能。
Note that the use of Type 109 is recommended if Type 9 is used to read a weather
file in combination with Type 16 (solar radiation processor). Type 109 performs the
functions of both Type 9 and Type 16 in a more convenient way.
在专家模式下，用户必须选择适当的操作模式（参数 1）。如果您不知道使用哪种模
式，您应该首先检查类型 9 的其他可用形式。操作模式允许使用从年初或模拟期开始
的文件，这些文件在输入文件中提供或不提供初始条件。有关操作模式的详细信息，
请参阅参数 1 的说明，并查看手册。
In expert mode, the user must select the appropriate operation mode (Parameter 1).
If you do not know which mode to use, you should first check the other available
proformas for Type 9. The operation modes allow to use files that start at the
beginning of the year or at the beginning of the simulated period and that provide or
not initial conditions in the input files. Please see the description of Parameter 1 and
check the manuals for more details on operation modes.
通用数据文件-第一行是模拟启动自由格式。GENERIC DATA FILES - FIRST LINE IS SIMULATION
START - FREE FORMAT
形式： utility\\data readers\\generic data files\\first line is simulation start\\free
format\\type9a.tmf。
Proforma: Utility\Data Readers\Generic Data Files\First Line is Simulation Start\Free
Format\Type9a.tmf
的，并且可以读取许多不同类型的文件。一行到另一行的数据必须以固定的时间间
隔。
通用数据文件-第一行是模拟开始指定的格式。GENERIC DATA FILES - FIRST LINE IS SIMULATION
START - SPECIFIED FORMAT
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形式：utility\\data readers\\generic data files\\first line is simulation start\\specified
format\\type9b.tmf。
Proforma: Utility\Data Readers\Generic Data Files\First Line is Simulation
Start\Specified Format\Type9b.tmf
隔。
通用数据文件-跳过行以开始自由格式。GENERIC DATA FILES - SKIP LINES TO START - FREE

FORMAT
形式：实用程序\\数据读取器\\通用数据文件\\跳行开始\\自由格式\\type9c.tmf。
Proforma: Utility\Data Readers\Generic Data Files\Skip Lines to Start\Free
Format\Type9c.tmf
隔。
通用数据文件-跳过行以开始指定的格式。GENERIC DATA FILES - SKIP LINES TO START - SPECIFIED

FORMAT
形式：实用程序\\数据读取器\\通用数据文件\\跳行开始\\指定格式\\type9d.tmf。
Proforma: Utility\Data Readers\Generic Data Files\Skip Lines to Start\Specified
Format\Type9d.tmf
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隔。
3.4.13.3. 区别。Differentiation
常数矩阵。CONSTANT MATRIX
形式：实用程序\\差异化\\常数矩阵\\type78a.tmf。
Proforma: Utility\Differentiation\Constant Matrix\Type78a.tmf
计算∏的 x。Computes x for
x_dot = A*x + B*U

其中 u 是由组件的输入列表组成的向量。A 和 B 是从外部文件读取的常量矩阵。
该组件求解上述微分方程：
where U is a vector composed of the list of the component's inputs. A and B are
constant matrices read from an external file.
该组件求解上述微分方程：
The component solves the above differential equation :
x = - A^(-1) * BU
它使用 trnsys 的内部微分方程（kernal function）函数来实现。
It uses TRNSYS' internal DIFFERENTIAL_EQUATION() kernal function to do so.
变量矩阵。VARIABLE MATRIX
形式：utility\\differentication\\variable matrix\\type78b.tmf。
Proforma: Utility\Differentiation\Variable Matrix\Type78b.tmf
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为 x_dot=a*x+b*u
计算 x。
Computes x for
x_dot = A*x + B*U
其中 u 是由组件的输入列表组成的向量。A 和 B 是从外部文件读取的常量矩阵。
where U is a vector composed of the list of the component's inputs. A and B are
constant matrices read from an external file.
组件使用 trnsys 的内部微分方程（）核函数求解上述微分方程。
The component solves the above differential equation using TRNSYS' internal
DIFFERENTIAL_EQUATION() kernel function.
外部数据文件必须包含大小（u）x 大小（x）值，例如，对于 2x2 矩阵：
63.66 0.01
0.00 0.01
The external data files must contain Size(U) x Size(X) values, e.g., for a 2x2 matrix :
63.66 0.01
0.00 0.01
选择性地，用户可以将变量（动态）因素（输入）应用于附加矩阵；在应用算法之前
将所有矩阵相加。附加矩阵与它们被添加到的矩阵在同一个外部文件中指定，前面有
一个名称。
Optionaly, the user can apply variable (dynamic) factors (inputs) to additional
matrices; all matrices will be added up before the algorithm is applied. The
additional matrices are specified in the same external file as the matrix to which they
are added, preceeded by a name.
例如，如果“动态因素数”设置为 1，则矩阵 A 的上述示例数据文件应扩展到：
63.66 0.01
0.00 0.01
VAR 1
10 10
00
For example, if "Number of dynamic factors" is set to 1, the above example data file
for matrix A should be extended to:
63.66 0.01
0.00 0.01
VAR 1
10 10
00
（其中“var 1”是命名变量矩阵的注释）。矩阵 B 的数据文件应该进行类似的扩展（A
和 B 矩阵的数目必须相同）。第一因子应用于第一变量矩阵，第二因子应用于第二变
量矩阵等。矩阵的数目不受限制。
(where "VAR 1" is a comment naming the variable matrix). The data file for matrix B
should be extended similarly (the number of A and B matrices must be the same).
The first factor is applied to the first variable matrix, the second factor to the second
variable matrix, etc. The number of matrices is not limited.
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DIFFERENTIATION
形式：实用程序\差异化\类型 83
Proforma: Utility\Differentiation\Type83.tmf
类型 83 基于上一时间步期间的值计算信号的导数。
83 型可以集成多达 100 个变量，并且对可用于模拟的 83 型单元的数量没有特定限
制。
Type 83 calculates the derivative of a signal, based on the value during the previous
time step.
Type 83 can integrate up to 100 variables and there is no specific limit on the number
of Type 83 units that can be used in a simulation.
3.4.13.4. EN 15251-2007 Floating Mean Temperature

EN 15251-2007 FLOATING MEAN TEMPERATURE
形式：实用程序\\EN 15251-2007 浮动平均温度\\type127.tmf。
Proforma: Utility\EN 15251-2007 Floating Mean Temperature\Type127.tmf
3.4.13.5. 强制函数序列器。Forcing Function Sequencers

独特的日子和假日。UNIQUE DAYS AND HOLIDAYS
形式：实用程序\\强制函数序列器\\唯一日期和假日\\type41d.tmf。
Proforma: Utility\Forcing Function Sequencers\Unique Days and Holidays\Type41d.tmf
此组件用于将 type14（实用程序：强制函数）生成的每日配置文件组织成一个序列，
形成年度配置文件。标准周的每一天最多可考虑 20 个不同的时间表。这个版本的模型
允许用户指定七个强制函数，一周中每天一个。此外，用户还可以指定一个非标准配
置文件，可全年用于节假日或其他间歇性事件。
This component is useful for organizing daily profiles generated by Type14 (Utility:
Forcing Functions) into a sequence that forms an annual profile. Up to 20 different
schedules may be considered for each day of a standard week. This version of the
model allows the user to specify seven forcing functions, one for each day of the
week. Additionally, the user is able to specify one non standard profile which may be
used throughout the year for holidays or other intermittent occurrences.
一周中独一无二的几天。UNIQUE DAYS OF THE WEEK
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形式：实用程序\\强制函数序列器\\一周中唯一的天数\\type41c.tmf。
Proforma: Utility\Forcing Function Sequencers\Unique Days of the
Week\Type41c.tmf
形成年度配置文件。标准周的每一天最多可考虑 20 个不同的时间表。此版本的模型允
许用户指定七个强制函数，一周中每天一个。
week.
工作日和周末。WEEKDAYS AND WEEKENDS
形式：实用程序\\强制函数序列器\\工作日和周末\\type41a.tmf。
Proforma: Utility\Forcing Function Sequencers\Weekdays and
Weekends\Type41a.tmf
形成年度配置文件。标准周的每一天最多可考虑 20 个不同的时间表。此版本的模型允
许用户指定七个强制函数，一周中每天一个。
week.
工作日周末和假日。WEEKDAYS WEEKENDS AND HOLIDAYS
形式：实用程序\\强制函数序列器\\工作日周末和假日\\type41b.tmf。
Proforma: Utility\Forcing Function Sequencers\Weekdays Weekends and
Holidays\Type41b.tmf
形成年度配置文件。标准周的每一天最多可考虑 20 个不同的时间表。这个版本的模型
允许用户指定七个强制函数，一周中每天一个。此外，用户还可以指定一个非标准配
置文件，可全年用于节假日或其他间歇性事件。
week. Additionally, the user is able to specify one non standard profile which may be
used throughout the year for holidays or other intermittent occurrences.
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3.4.13.6. 强制函数。Forcing Functions

一般。GENERAL
形式：实用程序\\强制函数\\常规\\type14h.tmf。
Proforma: Utility\Forcing Functions\General\Type14h.tmf
在瞬态模拟中，有时使用具有重复模式特征的时变强迫函数是很方便的。强迫函数的
模式是由一组离散的数据点建立的，这些数据点在一个周期内的不同时间指示函数的
值。为了从离散数据中生成连续的强迫函数，提供了线性插值。循环将每 n 小时重复
一次，其中 n 是指定时间的最后一个值。虽然 Type 14 的代码完全是通用的，但是该
版本的组件使用无量纲单元，因此它也可以以非常通用的方式使用。
In a transient simulation, it is sometimes convenient to employ a time dependent
forcing function which has a behavior characterized by a repeated pattern. The
pattern of the forcing function is established by a set of discrete data points
indicating the value of the function at various times throughout one cycle. Linear
interpolation is provided in order to generate a continuous forcing function from the
discrete data. The cycle will repeat every N hours where N is the last value of time
specified. While the code of Type14 is entirely general, this version of the
component uses dimensionless units so that it too can be used in a very generic
manner.
内部收益。INTERNAL GAINS
形式：实用程序\\强制函数\\内部增益\\type14c.tmf。
Proforma: Utility\Forcing Functions\Internal Gains\Type14c.tmf
一次，其中 n 是指定时间的最后一个值。虽然类型 14 的代码是完全通用的，但此版本
的组件使用 kJ\/hr 的单位，以便更容易地用于创建内部热增益强制函数。
component uses units of kJ/hr so as to be more readily useful for creating internal
heat gain forcing functions.
照明。LIGHTING
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形式：实用程序\\强制函数\\照明\\type14d.tmf
。Proforma: Utility\Forcing Functions\Lighting\Type14d.tmf
的组件使用 kJ\/hr 的单位，以便更容易地用于创建照明强制功能。
component uses units of kJ/hr so as to be more readily useful for creating lighting
forcing functions.
占有率。OCCUPANCY
形式：实用程序\\强制函数\\占用率\\type14a.tmf。
Proforma: Utility\Forcing Functions\Occupancy\Type14a.tmf
的组件使用“占用人数”单位，以便更容易地用于创建占用强制功能。
component uses units of "number of occupants" so as to be more readily useful for
creating occupancy forcing functions.
相对湿度。RELATIVE HUMIDITY
形式：实用程序\\强制函数\\相对湿度\\ 14f.tmf 类型。

Proforma: Utility\Forcing Functions\Relative Humidity\Type14f.tmf
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的组件使用的单位是%（100 个基本单位），以便更容易地用于创建相对湿度强制函
数。
component uses units of % (100 basis) so as to be more readily useful for creating
relative humidity forcing functions.
温度。TEMPERATURE
形式：实用程序\\强制函数\\温度\\type14e.tmf。
Proforma: Utility\Forcing Functions\Temperature\Type14e.tmf
的组件使用摄氏度单位，以便更容易地用于创建温度强制函数。
component uses units of degrees C so as to be more readily useful for creating
temperature forcing functions.
汲水。WATER DRAW
形式：实用程序\\强制函数\\水绘图\\type14b.tmf。
Proforma: Utility\Forcing Functions\Water Draw\Type14b.tmf
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的组件使用 kg\/hr 的单位，以便更容易地用于创建吸水强制功能。
component uses units of kg/hr so as to be more readily useful for creating water draw
forcing functions.
风速。WIND SPEED
形式：实用程序\强制功能\风速\type14g.tmf
Proforma: Utility\Forcing Functions\Wind Speed\Type14g.tmf
一次，其中 n 是指定时间的最后一个值。虽然类型 14 的代码是完全通用的，但是这个
版本的组件使用米每秒的单位，以便更容易地用于创建风速强制功能。
component uses units of meters per second so as to be more readily useful for
creating wind speed forcing functions.
3.4.13.7. 假日计算器。Holiday Calculator

美国假日。AMERICAN HOLIDAYS
形式：实用程序\\假日计算器\\美国假日\\type95a.tmf
Proforma: Utility\Holiday Calculator\American Holidays\Type95a.tmf
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类型 95 假日计算器基于 trnsys 模拟的开始日期和经过的时间执行许多“日历计算”。
这些结果在处理与时间相关的负载模式或实用程序速率计划时可能有用。这个组件最
初是为了与 96 型速率调度处理器一起使用而开发的。类型 95 的输出包括年、月、
日、星期几、小时和指示当前时间步是在假日还是在非假日。95 型账户用于闰年和夏
令时。在这个版本中，类型 95 计算标准美国假日的日期。
The TYPE 95 Holiday Calculator performs a number of "calendar computations"
based on the starting date of a TRNSYS simulation and the elapsed time. These
results may be useful when dealing with time-dependent load patterns or utility rate
schedules. This component was originally developed for use with the TYPE 96 Rate
Schedule Processor. The OUTPUTS of TYPE 95 include the year, month, date, and
day of week, hour of day and an indication as to whether the current time step falls
on a holiday or on a non holiday. TYPE 95 accounts for leap years and daylight
savings time. In this version, Type95 computes the dates of the standard American
holidays.
美国加自定义假日。AMERICAN PLUS USER DEFINED HOLIDAYS

形式：实用程序\\假日计算器\\美国加用户定义假日\\type95b.tmf。
Proforma: Utility\Holiday Calculator\American plus user defined
holidays\Type95b.tmf

日、星期几、小时和指示当前时间步是在假日还是在非假日。95 型账户用于闰年和夏
令时。在这个版本中，type95 计算标准美国假日的日期，但也允许一系列用户定义的
假日。
on a holiday or on a non holiday. TYPE 95 accounts for leap years and daylight
savings time. In this version, Type95 computes the dates of the standard American
holidays but also allows for a series of user defined holidays as well.
自定义假日。USER DEFINED HOLIDAYS
形式：实用程序\\假日计算器\\用户定义假日\\type95c.tmf。
Proforma: Utility\Holiday Calculator\User Defined Holidays\Type95c.tmf
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日、星期几、小时和指示当前时间步是在假日还是在非假日。在这个版本的 type95
中，要求用户定义每个假日的月份和日期。95 类账户用于闰年和夏令时。
on a holiday or on a non holiday. In this version of Type95, the user is asked to
define the month and day of each holiday. TYPE 95 accounts for leap years and
daylight savings time.
3.4.13.8. 积分器。Integrators
周期积分器。PERIODIC INTEGRATOR
形式：实用程序\\积分器\\周期积分器\\type55.tmf。
Proforma: Utility\Integrators\Periodic Integrator\Type55.tmf
在瞬态模拟过程中，通常需要知道特定时间范围内输入的一些基本统计信息。此组件
计算在用户指定的时间段范围内一系列输入的计数、平均值、样本标准偏差、平方
和、方差、最小值、最小值出现的时间、最大值和最大值出现的时间。此外，组件还
将计算输入相对于时间的积分，或者，计算指定时间范围内输入的总和。
During a transient simulation, it is often desirable to know some basic statistics of an
INPUT over a specified time range. This component calculates the count, mean,
sample standard deviation, sum of squares, variance, minimum, time at which the
minimum occurs, maximum, and time at which the maximum occurs of a series of
INPUTS over a range of time periods specified by the user. In addition, the
component will calculate the integral of the INPUT with respect to time or
alternatively, the sum of the INPUT over the specified time range.
数量积分器。QUANTITY INTEGRATOR
形式：实用程序\\积分器\\数量积分器\\类型 24.tmf。
Proforma: Utility\Integrators\Quantity Integrator\Type24.tmf
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此组件在一段时间内集成一系列数量。每个数量积分器可以达到最多，但不超过 500
个输入。type24 能够在整个模拟过程中定期重置，无论是在指定的小时数之后还是在
一年中的每个月之后。随着 TrnSyS 16 的释放，Type 24 被扩展，使得重置之间的时
间可以相对于模拟开始时间或绝对时间计数。例如，当 1 小时复位时间，相对时间复
位，模拟开始时间为 0.5 时，积分器将在时间 1.5，2.5，3.5，4.5 等处复位。当 1 小
时复位时间，绝对时间复位，模拟开始时间为 0.5 时，Type24 积分器将在时间 1.0，
2.0，3.0、4.0 等，因此第一个集成周期不是一个完整的小时。
This component integrates a series of quantities over a period of time. Each quantity
integrator can have up to, but no more than 500 inputs. Type24 is able to reset
periodically throughout the simulation either after a specified number of hours or
after each month of the year. With the release of TRNSYS 16, Type24 was expanded
so that the time between resets could be counted relative to the start time of the
simulation or in absolute time. For example, with a 1 hour reset time, relative time
resetting, and a simulation start time of 0.5, the integrator will reset at time 1.5, 2.5,
3.5, 4.5, etc. With a 1 hour reset time, absolute time resetting, and a simulation start
time of 0.5, the Type24 integrator would reset at time 1.0, 2.0, 3.0, 4.0, etc. Thus the
first integration period would not be a full hour.
3.4.13.9. 插值。Interpolation
1 自变量。INDEPENDENT VARIABLE
形式：utility\\interpolation\\1 自变量\\type42c.tmf。
Proforma: Utility\Interpolation\1 Independent Variable\Type42c.tmf
此组件模型与暖通空调库中提到的类型 42 相同。基本上，该组件将 1 到 3 个自变量值

传递到一个例程中，该例程在这些值之间进行插值，并返回 1 到 5 个因变量值。虽然
该组件可以用来模拟暖通空调设备，它同样可以很好地用于其他目的，其中需要多维
插值。
This component models is the same as the Type42 mentioned in the HVAC library.
Fundamentally, this component passes between 1 and 3 independent variable
values into a routine that interpolates between those values and returns between 1
and 5 dependent variable values. While the component can be used to model HVAC
equipment, it can equally well be used for other purposes in which multidimensional
interpolation is needed.
在这个版本的 type42 中，有一个独立变量和最多 5 个依赖值。
In this version of Type42 there is one independent variable and up to 5 dependent
values.
形式：utility\\interpolation\\2 自变量\\type42b.tmf。
Proforma: Utility\Interpolation\2 Independent Variable\Type42b.tmf
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该组件可以用来模拟暖通空调设备，它同样可以很好地用于多维插值的其他目的。
在这个版本的 type42 中，有两个独立变量和多达 5 个依赖值。
In this version of Type42 there are two independent variables and up to 5 dependent
values.
形式：utility\\interpolation\\3 自变量\\type42a.tmf。
Proforma: Utility\Interpolation\3 Independent Variable\Type42a.tmf

该组件可以用来模拟暖通空调设备，它同样可以很好地用于其他目的，其中需要多维
插值。
在这个版本的 type42 中，有三个独立变量和多达 5 个依赖值。
In this version of Type42 there are three independent variables and up to 5
dependent values.
3.4.13.10. 移动平均。Moving Average

移动平均。MOVING AVERAGE
形式：实用程序\\移动平均值\\ 84.tmf 类型。
Proforma: Utility\Moving Average\Type84.tmf
类型 84 计算前 n 个时间步内信号的移动平均值。
Type 84 calculates the moving average of a signal, during the previous N time steps.
类型 84 可以计算多达 100 个变量的移动平均值，并且对于模拟中可以使用的 84 类单
元的数目没有特定限制。
Type 84 can calculate the moving average of up to 100 variables and there is no
specific limit on the number of Type 84 units that can be used in a simulation.
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3.4.13.11. 仿真控制。Simulation Control

心脏起搏器。PACEMAKER
形式：实用程序\\模拟控制\\起搏器.tmf。
Proforma: Utility\Simulation Control\Pacemaker.tmf
这种类型会减慢 trnsys 模拟的速度，使其在“实时”运行（运行一小时需要一小

时）。或者，可以给出每个时间步长的恒定延迟作为输入。类型的概念是，您可能希
望范围类型或在线绘图仪显示得更慢，以便用户能够更好地捕捉错误条件。
This type slows down a TRNSYS simulation to make it run in 'real' time (one hour
takes one hour to run). Alternatively, a constant delay per time step can be given as
an input. The idea of the Type is that you might want the Scope type or the online
plotter to display more slowly so that the user can catch an error condition better.
3.4.13.12. 时间价值。Time Values

时间价值。TIME VALUES
形式：实用程序\\时间值\\type21.tmf。
Proforma: Utility\Time Values\Type21.tmf
此组件在当前时间步返回不同的时间值，例如：模拟的当前年份、模拟的当前月份、
模拟的当前日期、一年中的月份（1-12）、一年中的某一天（1-365）、一个月中的某
一天（1-28/30/31）、一周中的某一天（1-7）。一年中的小时（0-8760）、一个月中
的小时（0-744）、一周中的小时（0-168）、一天中的小时（0-24）类型 21 可以给出
相对于初始时间的这些值，或者以小时=0 的绝对值给出这些值。
This component returns different time values at the current time step, such as:
current year of simulation, current month of simulation, current day of the simulation,
month of the year (1 - 12), day of the year (1 - 365), day of the month (1 - 28/30/31),
day of the week (1 - 7), hour of the year (0 - 8760), hour of the month (0 - 744), hour
of the week (0 - 168), hour of the day (0 - 24), Type 21 may give these values relative
to the initial time or in an absolute value from hour = 0.
3.4.13.13. 单位转换程序。Unit Conversion Routine

单位转换程序。UNIT CONVERSION ROUTINE
形式：实用程序\\单位转换例程\\type57.tmf。
Proforma: Utility\Unit Conversion Routine\Type57.tmf
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为了适应习惯于使用英语单位的用户，提供了 57 型单位转换程序。
To accommodate users accustomed to working with English units TYPE 57 unit
conversion routine is provided.
用户必须描述输入的变量类型和单位（例如温度和 C）以及。
Users must describe the incoming variable type and units (temperature and C for
example) and the
所需的输出变量单位（例如 f），使用本组件技术文档末尾提供的表格。转换例程检查
输入，以确保输入的变量类型和单位正确，执行单位转换，根据此输出向所有单位提
供新的输出类型和单位。
desired output variable units (F for example) using tables provided at the end of the
technical documentation of this component. The conversion routine checks the input
to make sure it is of the correct variable type and units, performs the unit
conversion, providing the new output type and units to all units depending on this
output.
3.4.13.14. 效用率调度处理器。Utility Rate Schedule Processors
效用率调度处理器。UTILITY RATE SCHEDULE PROCESSORS
形式：实用程序\\实用程序速率调度处理器\\ 96.tmf 类型。
Proforma: Utility\Utility Rate Schedule Processors\Type96.tmf
96 型公用事业费率表处理器计算并网建筑的电费。它可用于确定采用电力并联发电的
建筑物的节约。在模拟过程中，此组件同时考虑了使用费（ $\/kWh ）和需求费
（$\/kWh）。96 型假设区域公用事业公司采用“净计量”政策，因此超过瞬时负荷的
现场发电可以零售价出售给公用事业公司。可以使用任何并行的发电源：例如光伏阵
列、风力涡轮机或燃气微型涡轮机。在模拟中，可以使用两个 96 类型的组件来比较有
无并行生成的公用事业帐单。
The TYPE 96 Utility Rate Schedule Processor calculates electric bills for grid-tied
buildings. It may be used to determine savings in buildings employing electric
parallel generation. This component accounts for both usage ($/kWh) and demand
($/kW) charges over the course of the simulation. TYPE 96 assumes that the area
utility employs a "net metering" policy so that power generated on-site which
exceeds the instantaneous load may be sold back to utility at the retail rate. Any
parallel generation source may be used: photovoltaic arrays, wind turbines, or gas-
fired microturbines, for example. Two TYPE 96 components may be employed in a
simulation to compare utility bills with and without parallel generation.
3.4.14. 气象数据的读取与处理。Weather Data Reading

and Processing
3.4.14.1. 标准格式。Standard Format
EnergyPlus 天气文件（EPW）。ENERGYPLUS WEATHER FILES (EPW)
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形式：气象数据读取和处理\\标准格式\\能源+气象文件（EPW）\\类型 15-3.tmf。
Proforma: Weather Data Reading and Processing\Standard Format\Energy+
Weather Files (EPW)\Type15-3.tmf
此组件用于定期从外部天气数据文件中读取数据，以小于一小时的时间步长插值数据
（包括倾斜表面的太阳辐射），并使其他 Trnsys 组件可用。该模型还计算了几个有用
的项，包括主水温度、有效天空温度和冷暖季节强迫函数。
This component serves the purpose of reading data at regular time intervals from an
external weather data file, interpolating the data (including solar radiation for tilted
surfaces) at time steps of less than one hour, and making it available to other
TRNSYS components. The model also calculates several useful terms including the
mains water temperature, the effective sky temperature, and the heating and cooling
season forcing functions.
此版本的 type15 以 energyplus 天气文件格式（epw）读取数据。
This version of Type15 reads data in the EnergyPlus Weather File format (EPW).
德国 2004。GERMAN TRY 2004
形式：气象数据读取与处理\\标准格式\\德语 try 2004\\type15-7.tmf。

Proforma: Weather Data Reading and Processing\Standard Format\German TRY
2004\Type15-7.tmf
此版本的 Type15 以德语 Try 2004 格式读取数据。
This version of Type15 reads data in the German TRY 2004 format.
德国 2010 年。GERMAN TRY 2010

形式：气象数据读取与处理\\标准格式\\德语 try 2010\\type15-7.tmf。
Proforma: Weather Data Reading and Processing\Standard Format\German TRY
2010\Type15-7.tmf
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此版本的 type15 以德语 try 2010 格式读取数据。
This version of Type15 reads data in the German TRY 2010 format.
国际能源计算天气（IWEC）。INTERNATIONAL WEATHER FOR ENERGY CALCULATIONS (IWEC)
形式：气象数据读取和处理\\标准格式\\国际能源计算气象（IWEC）\\类型 15-4.tmf。
Proforma: Weather Data Reading and Processing\Standard Format\International
Weather for Energy Calculations (IWEC)\Type15-4.tmf
此版本的 Type15 读取的数据采用国际天气计算（IWEC）格式。
This version of Type15 reads data in the International Weather for Energy
Calculations (IWEC) format.
日本。JAPAN
形式：气象数据读取与处理\\标准格式\\日本\\type99 amedas.tmf。
Proforma: Weather Data Reading and Processing\Standard Format\Japan\Type99-
AMeDAS.tmf
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---特殊信息---。
--- Special Info ---
此形式表用于处理日本 aij 公司发行的“扩展 amedas 天气数据”光盘。该光盘包含
842 点每小时的天气数据。
This proforma is for treating 'Expanded AMeDAS Weather data' CD-ROM issued by
AIJ in Japan. The CD-ROM contains 842 points hourly weather data.
插件将“amedasty.wea”转换为 type109 格式。
The plugin converts 'Amedasty.wea' to Type109 format.
要使用此组件，必须使用 AMEDAS CD\/DVD-ROM。
For use this component, the AMeDAS CD/DVD-ROM is necessary.
您可以在 HTTP:\/\/AMEDAS.AAE.KGOSHIMA-U.AC.JP\/NETX.HTML 中找到信息。
现在，这本数据手册有日文和英文两种版本。
You can find information on http://amedas.aae.kagoshima-u.ac.jp/index.html . Now,
the data book is available in Japanese and English.
用途：。Usage:
1) 用午餐吃插件“extamedas.exe”。
2) Lunch the plugin 'ExtAmedas.exe'.
3) 选择 CD-ROM 上的“amedasty.wea”文件。
4) Select the 'Amedasty.wea' file on CD-ROM.
5) 选择要计算的桩号。
6) Select a station where you want to calculate.
7) 单击“确定”按钮。
8) Click the OK button.
如果您对插件程序和形式有任何疑问，请联系 yamaguti@alpha net.ne.jp。
If you have questions about the plugin program and the proforma, please contact
yamaguti@alpha-net.ne.jp
该组件的主要目的是以固定的时间间隔从数据文件中读取天气数据，将其转换为所需
的单位系统，并处理太阳辐射数据，以获得任意数量表面的倾斜表面辐射和入射角。
在此模式下，键入 109 以标准 tmy2 格式读取天气数据文件。美国国家太阳辐射数据
库（national solar radiation data base，usa）使用 tmy2 格式，但 tmy2 文件可以从许
多程序生成，例如 meteonorm。
特别注意事项
1。最多可指定 5 个 109 型装置。
This component serves the main purpose of reading weather data at regular time
intervals from a data file, converting it to a desired system of units and processing
the solar radiation data to obtain tilted surface radiation and angle of incidence for
an arbitrary number of surfaces.
In this mode, Type 109 reads a weather data file in the standard TMY2 format. The
TMY2 format is used by the National Solar Radiation Data Base (USA) but TMY2
files can be generated from many programs, such as Meteonorm.
Special Considerations
1. Up to 5 UNITS of TYPE 109 may be specified.
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meteonorm 文件（tm2）。METEONORM FILES (TM2)
形式：气象数据读取与处理标准格式。
Proforma: Weather Data Reading and Processing\Standard
Format\Meteonorm\Type15-6.tmf
此版本的 type15 读取 meteonorm 生成的格式的数据，该格式与典型的气象年（版本
2）标准格式相同。
This version of Type15 reads data in the format generated by Meteonorm, which is
identical to the Typical Meteorological Year (version 2) standard form.
TMY2:15-2 型。TMY2: TYPE15-2

形式：气象数据读取与处理标准格式。
此版本的 Type15 读取典型气象年（第 2 版）标准格式的数据。
This version of Type15 reads data in the Typical Meteorological Year (version 2)
standard form.
TMY3
形式：气象数据读取与处理\标准格式\流星群\15 型 TMY3
Format\Meteonorm\Type15-TMY3.tmf
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这个版本的 type15 读取典型气象年（版本 3）标准格式的数据。
standard form.
TMY
形式：气象数据读取与处理\标准格式\流星群\15-1 型
这个版本的 type15 读取典型气象年（版本 1）标准格式的数据。
standard form.
3.4.14.2. User Format

USER FORMAT
形式：气象数据读取与处理\用户格式\99 型
Proforma: Weather Data Reading and Processing\User Format\Type99.tmf
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该组件的主要目的是以固定的时间间隔从数据文件中读取天气数据，将其转换为所需
的单位系统，并处理太阳辐射数据，以获得任意数量表面的倾斜表面辐射和入射角。
This component serves the main purpose of reading weather data at regular time
intervals from a data file, converting it to a desired system of units and processing
the solar radiation data to obtain tilted surface radiation and angle of incidence for
an arbitrary number of surfaces.
在此模式下，类型 99 以类型 99 的用户格式读取天气数据文件（有关详细信息，请参
阅第 04 卷数学参考手册）。
In this mode, Type 99 reads a weather data file in Type 99’s user format (see Volume
04 Mathematical Reference manual for details)
特别注意事项：在给定的模拟中，最多可以指定 5 个 99 类型的实例。
Special Considerations: up to 5 instances of TYPE 99 may be specified in a given
simulation.
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TRNSYS 18 – Standard Component Library Overview

TRANSSOLAR Energietechnik GmbH

cstb–中央科学技术研究所。CSTB – Centre Scientifique et

TESS——热能系统专家。 TESS – Thermal

About This Manual

修订历史 Revision history

在哪里可以找到更多信息。Where to find more information

Trnsys 协调员。TRNSYS Coordinator 电 子 邮 箱 ： techsupport@tess-

Trnsys 贡献者。TRNSYS Contributors

S.A. Klein W.A. Beckman J.W. Mitchell

J.A. Duffie N.A. Duffie T.L. Freeman

J.C. Mitchell J.E. Braun B.L. Evans

J.P. Kummer R.E. Urban A. Fiksel

J.W. Thornton N.J. Blair P.M. Williams

D.E. Bradley T.P. McDowell M. Kummert

D.A. Arias M.J. Duffy

3.标准组件库概述 STANDARD COMPONENT LIBRARY

3.2. 主要部件类别 Main categories of components

3.3. 部件子类别 Subcategories of components

 5 级房间恒温器 5-Stage Room Thermostat

 地面板 Slab on Grade

 吸收式制冷机（热水，单效）Absorption Chiller (Hot-Water Fired, Single

 压缩气体储存 Compressed Gas Storage

 控制流量混合器 Controlled Flow Mixer

 在线绘图仪 Online Plotter

 收集器阵列阴影 Collector Array Shading

 CPC 收藏家 CPC Collector

 定容储液 Constant Volume Liquid Storage

 调用外部程序 Calling External Programs

 标准格式 Standard Format

3.4. 每个类别中可用组件的概述 Overview of available

3.4.1. 控制器 Controllers

形 式 ： 控 制 器 \\5 级 房 间 恒 温 器 \\type108.tmf 。 Proforma: Controllers\5-Stage Room

Trnsys 型号：108 型。TRNSYS Model: Type 108

3.4.1.2. 碱性恒温器 Basic Aquastat

形式：控制器\\basic aquastat\\cooling mode\\type113.tmf。

形 式 ： 控 制 器 \\basic aquastat\\heating mode\\type106.tmf 。 Proforma: Controllers\Basic

3.4.1.3. 基本湿度控制。Basic Humidity Control

形式：控制器\\基本湿度控制\\除湿器\\ 104 型.tmf。Proforma: Controllers\Basic Humidity

形式：控制器\\基本湿度控制\\除湿器\\ 85 型.tmf。Proforma: Controllers\ Basic Humidity

3.4.1.4. 延迟输入 Delayed Inputs

形式：控制器\\微分控制器 w_滞后\\一般\\复杂控制策略\\解算器 0（连续替换）控制策略\\类

形 式 ： 控 制 器 \\ 迭 代 反 馈 控 制 器 \\type22.tmfProforma: Controllers\Iterative Feedback

3.4.1.8. PID 控制器 PID Controller

Trnsys 型号：23 型。TRNSYS Model: Type 23

3.4.1.9. 简易恒温器 Simple Thermostat

3.4.1.10. 回火阀控制 Tempering Valve Control

形式：控制器\\回火阀控制\\冷却模式\\ 116 型.tmf。

Trnsys 型号：115 型。TRNSYS Model: Type 115

形式：电气\\电池\\作为输入的电流\\ Shepherd 方程式\\type47D.tmf。

Trnsys 型号：47 型。TRNSYS Model: Type 47

电流作为输入-shepherd 修正的 hyman 方程

TRNSYS Model: Type 47

形 式 ： 电 力 \\ 电 池 \\ 输 入 功 率 \\dq_dt=p eff\\type47a.tmf 。 Proforma:

Trnsys 型号：47 型。TRNSYS Model: Type 47

功率作为输入的 shepherd 方程 POWER AS AN INPUT - SHEPHERD EQUATION

Trnsys 型号：47 型。TRNSYS Model: Type 47

能 量 作 为 输 入 -shepherd 修 正 的 hyman 方 程 POWER AS AN INPUT - SHEPHERD

形式：电气\\电池\\输入功率\\ Shepherd 修改的 Hyman 公式\\type47C.tmf。Proforma:

具 有 放 气 电 流 效 果 – 外 部 文 件 中 的 参 数 WITH GASSING CURRENT EFFECTS –

形 式 ： 电 气 \\ 电 池 \\ 带 充 气 电 流 效 果 \\ 185 型 .tmf 。 Proforma: Electrical\Batteries\With

Trnsys 型号：185 型。TRNSYS Model: Type 185

Trnsys 协调员。TRNSYS Coordinator 电子邮箱： techsupport@tess-

形式：控制器 \\5 级房间恒温器 \\type108.tmf 。 Proforma: Controllers\5-Stage Room

形式：控制器 \\basic aquastat\\heating mode\\type106.tmf 。 Proforma: Controllers\Basic

形式：控制器 \\ 迭代反馈控制器 \\type22.tmfProforma: Controllers\Iterative Feedback

形式：电力 \\ 电池 \\ 输入功率 \\dq_dt=p eff\\type47a.tmf 。 Proforma:

能量作为输入 -shepherd 修正的 hyman 方程 POWER AS AN INPUT - SHEPHERD

具有放气电流效果 – 外部文件中的参数 WITH GASSING CURRENT EFFECTS –

形式：电气 \\ 电池 \\ 带充气电流效果 \\ 185 型 .tmf 。 Proforma: Electrical\Batteries\With

具有放气电流效果 – 来自形式表的参数。 WITH GASSING CURRENT EFFECTS –

形式：电气 \\电池 \\带充气电流效果\\ 185A 型.tmf。Proforma: Electrical\Batteries\With

形式：电气母线交流母线 188A 型 TMF 。 Proforma: Electrical\Busbar\AC-

形式：电气 \\ 柴油机（ DEGS ） \\ DEGS 调度控制器 \\Type102A.tmf 。 Proforma:

形式：电气 \/ 柴油发动机。 Proforma: Electrical\Diesel Engine (DEGS)\Specific

形式：电气 \/ 小型电网控制器 105A 型 TMF 。 Proforma: Electrical\MiniGrid

形式： hvac\\colling towers\\detailed\\external controls\\external performance