Terms of Reference

Validation Workshop on Occupational maps on functional areas of biodiversity

conservation and protected area management in the Sustainable Tourism sector
Jakarta, 21 March 2024

I. Background & Justification

The potential of Indonesia's Natural Capital for sustainable tourism development

Indonesia is endowed with abundant natural resources due to its tropical climate and
archipelagic geography. However, one of Indonesia’s most significant challenges is to preserve
its natural resources while simultaneously maintaining stable economic growth. Recognizing the
importance of these interconnections, the Indonesian government is committed to incorporating
environmentally friendly policies to all sectors of the economic development.

Biodiversity and the tourism sector are intricately linked and play critical roles in the conservation
and sustainable use of natural resources. These two components are vital in achieving and
supporting sustainable tourism development. The tourism sector, for instance, has a significant
positive impact on the income of local households. It has contributed a substantial $6.72 billion,
which accounts for 3.60% of the GDP. Furthermore, the sector is expected to attract an estimated
9.5 to 14.3 million foreign visitors in 2024, with a target of providing employment opportunities
for 22.08 million individuals.

This positive economic multiplier effect extends beyond the tourism sector itself, benefiting other
industries like the creative economy and non-tourism businesses. It has a positive impact on both
poor and non-poor households, creating job opportunities for local communities.

Link between protecting biodiversity and sustainable economic development in tourism.

The ASEAN region is renowned for its rich biodiversity and unique ecosystems. However, these
natural treasures are under severe threat from various factors, including habitat loss,
overexploitation, pollution, and climate change. In light of these challenges, there is a pressing
need for coordinated efforts to address them while simultaneously promoting sustainable
economic development and providing decent work opportunities.

An illustrative example comes from a World Bank study conducted in Brazil in 2021. The study
supports the idea that investing in protected areas has a dual benefit, as it contributes to
biodiversity conservation and local economic development while also creating jobs. This study
revealed a significant economic return on government spending in protected areas. For instance,
the Abrolhos Marine National Park exhibited an estimated economic return of 6.2 Reais for every
Real of government spending.

Moreover, tourism spending in locations such as the Abrolhos Marine National Park and the
Whale Coast also has positive income multipliers for local households. For every Real spent by
visitors, it generates 1.74 Reais in income for the local community. This multiplier effect extends
to both the tourism sector and non-tourism businesses, thus benefiting both poor and non-poor
households and creating job opportunities for local communities.
Additional ‘Future of Work’ lens

Considering the green jobs development in Indonesia, opportunities for new skills will surely
increase due to the environmental issues that are developing rapidly these days. Especially that
Indonesia is updating its policies by considering green issues. Indonesia’s technology needs
assessment has clearly addressed the needs to have trainings in order to increase workers’
knowledge on, for instance, environmental sound technologies. A way to anticipate the
opportunities will most likely be to improve basic skills of Indonesia’s labour force such as higher
level of formal education (high schools or vocational schools) and job trainings. In the case of on-
the-job trainings, one must note that it is important to have a mechanism to evaluate and monitor
the effectiveness of the training.

The ILO’s work to champion decent work through labor standards, social protection and quality
employment, provides an anchor for positive developments in the future of work across sectors.
Simultaneously, the ongoing digital transformation, which is reshaping the global economy,
presents a unique opportunity to create new jobs and enhance productivity, and it can be
harnessed to support biodiversity efforts through data-driven conservation, ecosystem health
monitoring, and the protection of endangered species. New job profiles within the eco-tourism
sector can be created with the leveraging of technology for environmental preservation. Digital
tools enable data-driven approaches to monitor ecosystems, track endangered species, and
make more informed environmental decisions, further supporting eco-tourism initiatives.

Project Response and Follow-up

The ILO is currently implementing a project, “Accelerating Green Jobs Creation and Facilitating
Just Transitions in ASEAN”, a regional initiative which aims to support increased collaboration and
cooperation across tripartite constituents in ASEAN member states in initiating and achieving
actions aligned to the 2018 ASEAN Declaration on Green Jobs, while facilitating Just Transitions
approaches in the region. Specific activities to be pursued include knowledge sharing on the
existing policies, programme and initiatives in the AMS related to green jobs and greening of
employment for a just transition to environmental sustainability; providing a forum for discussion
of priority areas for collaboration and cooperation to promote green jobs and skills; and
identifying pilot cross-sectoral actions in short and medium terms (country level response).
The ILO Japan Multi-Bilateral Program, using resources from the Japan Ministry of Health Labour
and Welfare supports this 9-month initiative under the resources of the Social Safety Net Funds.
Noting that green jobs creation holds significant potential to address decent work, the
corresponding policy regime that supports just transition measures must be aligned to
simultaneously deliver on socioeconomic, employment and environmental goals.
One of the work components, which provides continuing support for knowledge sharing on
relevant policies & practices, programs and initiatives in ASEAN through, had successfully
implemented a roll-out of the Green Jobs Forum, in North Sulawesi, Indonesia. Entitled
“Transitioning to a Green and Blue Economy, Learning from the lessons in North Sulawesi”, the
knowledge sharing event revolved around the experience of pursuing sustainable tourism and
livelihoods, with ILO support in the area. This forum, as a process, proposes a practical peer
learning modality for ASEAN countries, with the intent of accelerating localized actions and
initiatives aligned to the ASEAN Declaration on Green Jobs. The GJ forum had convened a total of
119 participants composed of national partners from government, industry stakeholders,
academe in Indonesia, including resource persons from UNFCCC, UN ESCAP, ASEAN Center for
Biodiversity and some key experts from the region.
 The Green Jobs Forum is a collaboration with the UN PAGE program activities of the ILO in
Indonesia. This is coherent with Indonesia’s Green Economy Framework, as lead by the
BAPPENAS, and has benefitted from the partnership and support of UNEP Convention on
Biodiversity (CBD) and the ASEAN Centre for Biodiversity (ACB).
The Green Jobs Forum brought forward the concept of a “Jobs and Biodiversity Initiative”, as a
cooperation platform for ASEAN Member States on joint action to promote GJ and JT in protected
areas, reserves and fragile ecosystems, ensuring that conservation and socioeconomic targets
remain human-centered and achievable.
Further, considering the momentum of partnerships and engagement, brought forward from
other related ILO initiatives in North Sulawesi, particularly in sustainable tourism and skills
development, these ideally sustained and scaled across locations with similar circumstances in
Indonesia. Thus, follow-up efforts are well in place.
In the context of tourism and biodiversity, the ILO will collaborate with the Ministry of Tourism
and Creative Economy (MoTCE) in the follow-up activities, and this includes Developing
Occupational Maps on the Functional Areas of Biodiversity Conservation and Protected Area
Management (within Sustainable Tourism sector).

Technical inputs are needed to support strategic actions and initiatives for the ILO, the other
partners in Indonesia, and the ASEAN region as well. This will help in designing interventions and
pathways in the transition to a green-blue economy, particularly linking jobs & biodiversity
conservation. One useful exercise is the development of occupational maps on functional areas
of biodiversity conservation and protected area management in the sustainable tourism sector.
In this regard, the ILO will organize a workshop to validate the draft occupational maps and gain
inputs from relevance stakeholders.

II. Objectives and Purposes

The workshop will have the objectives:

1. Provide technical inputs, review and validate the research findings on occupational maps of
Biodiversity conservation and protected area management in the sustainable tourism sector.
2. Setup recommendation and follow-up action for dissemination of the maps.

A draft matrix of occupation maps of Biodiversity conservation and protected area management
in the sustainable tourism sector will describe every occupation that includes the following:
• Name of occupation
• Definition
• Scope of work
• Profile/employability skills/soft skills
• Pre-Requisite
• Task/competency: Core competency and elective competency

The functional areas (functional mapping) of the job profiles/occupations, identify green jobs,
including the green competencies that facilitate its transition as a ‘green job’; career pathways
(vertical and horizontal, within the sector and/or from related sector /functional areas, as
green/digital competencies are introduced to job roles/profiles; implementation of emerging
trends that could amend the current occupational maps; and, entry points in the occupational
maps for informal workers to transition to formal job roles/profiles

III. Outputs
 1. Validated list of occupation maps of Biodiversity conservation and protected area
management in the sustainable tourism sector;
2. Recommendations and follow up for its dissemination.

IV. Venue and Date

The workshop will take place as follows:

Hotel : Ashley Hotel, Jl. K.H. Wahid Hasyim No.73-75, RT.1/RW.4, Gondangdia, Kec. Menteng,
Kota Jakarta Pusat, Daerah Khusus Ibukota Jakarta 10350,
Date : 21 March 2024
Time : 13.00 – 18.00 ended by breaking for fast.

V. Participants
About 25-30 participants will be invited to the workshop representing the following institutions:
• National Development Planning and Development Agency
• Ministry of Tourism and Creative Economy
• Ministry of Manpower
• Ministry of Forestry and Environment
• Bunaken Marine National Park, North Sulawesi (Manado)
• Senior lecture of the University of Sam Ratulangi, North Sulawesi (Manado)
• UN Environment Programme (UNEP), Jakarta
• International Labour Organization (ILO), Jakarta
• UN Development Programme (UNDP), Jakarta
• UN Industrial Development Organization (UNIDO), Jakarta
• UN Institute for Training and Research (UNITAR), Jakarta
• INDECON (Indonesia EcoTourism Network), Jakarta
• Employer Association (APINDO), Jakarta
• Trade Union (KSBSI, KSPI, KSPSI, KSPSI-AITUC, KASARBUMUSI), Jakarta
• ASEAN for Conservation Biodiversity (hybrid?)
• Eric Roeder (hybrid)
• Pascual Georginia (ILO Philippines, hybrid)
• Irfan Afandi (local consultant)
• Ratih Woro Anggraini (Consultant)