4-EYE PATTERN

OBJECT:
(a) Write a program to draw the eye pattern of given message sequence passed through LPF of
given bandwidth.
(b) Add white Gaussian noise to baseband signal and draw the eye diagram.
For (a) and (b), measure the Noise margin, distortion, best sampling time, time jitter and sensitivity
to timing errors.

THEORY:
The eye diagram is a useful tool for the qualitative analysis of signal used in digital transmission. An
eye pattern is defined as synchronized superposition of all possible realizations of the signal of interest
(e.g., received signal) viewed within a particular signaling interval. It provides at-a-glance evaluation
of system performance and can offer insight into the nature of channel imperfections. Careful analysis
of this visual display can give the user a first-order approximation of signal-to-noise, clock timing
jitter and skew.
Pulses contain considerable amounts of energy at multiples of the repetition rate (harmonics). The
amount of energy in the harmonics, relative to the fundamental, is related to rise and fall time and
pulse duration. Fast rise and fall times and narrow pulse durations create the most harmonic energy.
In order to reduce interference, radio transmission channels are not permitted to have unlimited
bandwidth. Otherwise, the harmonic energy in the data signal would create corresponding modulation
sidebands that extend well beyond the intended bandwidth of the allocated communications channel.
To reduce these unwanted sidebands, the data signal must be band-limited (filtered) in a manner that
reduces the harmonic energy while maintaining the integrity of the transmitted data. The eye diagram
can be used to look at the signal before transmission, to assure that the filter is behaving properly. A
more obvious use of the eye diagram is to evaluate the received signal quality. The diagram in Figure
1 illustrates the type of information that can be determined from the eye diagram.
Best sampling time

Time interval over which the received signal can be sampled

Figure 1- Interpretation of eye diagram

OBSERVATIONS:
1) Using MATLAB generate a random binary sequence (message), and represent it in polar
form.

2) Pass the signal through a bandwidth-limited channel modeled by a low-pass Butterworth

filter and add white Gaussian noise to the filtered signal.
3) Plot the eye diagram of the received noisy and distorted signal. Also, measure the noise
margin and sensitivity to timing error from the eye diagram.

RESULTS:

DISCUSSION: