Copyright ® by Glencoe Mew h Vector Addition Practice Problems 4.1 Properties of Vectors pages 64-71 age 67 1. Acaris driven 125 km due west, then 65 km due south. What is the magnitude of its displacement? 125 ln west 65km sou °° Resultant 140 kon Rady FR = (65 kim)? + (125 km)? FB = 19.850 km? R= 140 km 2. A shopper walks from the door of the ‘mall to her car 250 m down a lane of cars, then turns 90° to the right and walks an additional 60 m. What is the ‘magnitude of the displacement of her car from the mall door? 250m FB = (250 m)? + (60 m)? # = 65100 m? = 260 m, or 300 m to one significant digit 3. A hiker walks 4.5 km in one direction, then makes a 45° turn to the right and walks another 6.4 km. What is the ‘magnitude of her displacement? Fm A+ B- 2AB Cos Physics: Principles and Problems 4shm Resultant=1.0%10" ken "+ A= [4.5 kp? + (6.4 km? ~ (2(4.5 km\(6.4 km)(cos 138°)]""2 R=1.0x10'km 4. What is the magnitude of your displacement when you follow directions that tell you to walk 225 m in one direction, make a 90° turn to the left and. walk 350 m, then make a 30° tum to the right and walk 125 m? Fy = [(225 m)? + (350 m)?]"2 = 416 m 0, = tart SE — 579° 0, = 180 ~ (60 ~ 57.8) = 177.3" Fa, = (416 m2 + (125 mj? ~ 2(416 m)(125 m) (cos 17.3°)]'2 A, = 540 m page 71 5. Acar moving east at 45 km/h turns and travels west at 30 kmh. What are the ‘magnitude and direction of the change in velocity? Vector Addition 85. (continued) Magnitude of change in velocity = 45 ~ (90) = 75 kmvh direction of change is from east to west 6. You are riding in a bus moving slowly through heavy trafic at 2.0 m/s. You hurry to the front of the bus at 4.0 m/s relative to the bus. What is your speed relative to the street? +2.0 mis + 4.0 mis 6.0 mis relative to street 7. A motorboat heads due east at 11 m/s relative to the water across a river that flows due north at 5.0 m/s. What is the velocity of the motorboat with respect to the shore? wen5.0 mis wane ue + v2yu2 Vieautt = 12 m/s, 66° east of north 8. A boat is rowed directly upriver at a speed of 2.5 m/s relative to the water. Viewers con the shore find that itis moving at only (0.5 m/s relative to the shore, What is the speed of the river? Is it moving with or against the boat? 25 mis —— boat 20m river — 0.5 mis Resultant 2.5 mis - 0.5 mis 2.0 mis against the boat 16 Problems and Solutions Manual 9. An aimplane flies due north at 150 km/h with respect to the ait, There is a wind blowing at 75 km/h to the east relative to the ground, What is the plane's speed ‘with respect to the ground? wye75kovh ve tvs vgn? = [(180 kenih)? + (75 kmh)?" = 170 kmih 10, An airplane flies due west at 185 km/h ‘with respect to the air. There is a wind blowing at 85 kmh to the northeast relative to the ground. What is the plane's speed with respect to the ground? p= 185 Km 1 + v3 —2vyu, cos 6}? = [(185 km/h)? + (85 km/h)? ~ (2)(185 kminy(88 kmih)(cos 45°))"2 = 140 kmh 4.2 Components of Vectors pages 72-76 page 74 IL What are the components of a vector of ‘magnitude 1.5 m at an angle of 35° from the positive x-axis? Y Physics: Prineiples and Problems11. (continued) d,= 1.5 m cos 35°= 1.2m 4d, = 1.5 m sin 35° = 0,86 m 12. A hiker walks 14.7 km at an angle 35° south of east. Find the east and north ‘components of this walk 13. An aigplane flies at 65 m/s in the direction 149° counterclockwise from east. What are the east and north ‘components of the plane's velocity? N Ps 65imis ~65 mis cos 31° = -55.71 mis =-56 mis =33 mis A golf ball, hit from the tee, travels 325 m ina direction 25° south of the east axis. ‘What are the east and north components of its displacement? 14, oe McCaw Copyright © by dz = 925 m cos 25° = 295 m dy = ~925 m sin 25° = 137 m Physics: Principles and Problems Page 76 15. A powerboat heads due northwest at 13 m/s with respect to the water across a river that flows due north at 5.0 mys What is the velocity (both magnitude and direction) of the motorboat with respect. to the shore? Yow = (19 ms) cos 45° = 9.2 mis Vpn = (13 m/s) sin 45° = 9.2 m/s Van = 6.0 mis, vy = 0.0 Vaw = 9.2 mis + 0.0 = 9.2 ms Vay = 92 mis + 5.0 mis = 14.2 mis Vq= (9-2 misy? + (14.2 mi'j5p'2 =17 ms = tan~* 0.648 7 mis, 33° west of north. ‘An airplane flies due south at 175 km/h with respect to the air. There is a wind blowing at 85 km/h to the east relative to the ground. What are the plane's speed and direction with respect to the ground? Problems and Solutions Manual 1716. (continued) Vp = (175 km/h)? + (85 kev)? "2 = 190 km tan? S7EKIA tant 2.05 = 640 = tant SKIN tant 2.95 = 6 Ya 190 krvh, 64° south of east 17. An airplane ies due nomth at 235 km/h with respect to the air. There is a wind blowing at 65 km/h to the northeast with respect to the ground. What ae the plane's speed and direction with respect to the ground? To wavel north the est components Ist be al nd post, “pe = Ye 98k cos 30 =ezkmn meant Bt 736 v= 28 rah in 79" = 275 km Mt = 95 eh in 0° = 47.5 eh v= 278 kmh +475 kmh 320 km/h ‘n= 820 nh north 238 kv “8 heh ~—<— Chapter Review Problems Pages 78-79 %ar= 8Skmb sin 45°— 48k page 78 Ye" Shr co8 45° = 4BkmM gai a g Fy = 46 kimih + 235 kvh = 261 kmh . Level 1 2 Be 48 kn 19. Acar mora 65m deen, hen 45 kn : 3. ‘2 |. Acar moves 65 km due east, then r= ((281 kr? + (46 ky due west. What is its total displacement? y 260 kinvh é = tant 28kmn 654m e 281 kmh — z = 9.3° east of north at eh 5 18. An airplane has a speed of 285 km/h 65 km ~ 45 km = 20 km : with respect to the ar. There isa wind ‘Ad =20 x 10! km, east blowing at 95 kmjh at 30° north of east with respect to Earth. In which ditection should the plane head in order to land at an airport due north ofits present location? What would be the plane's speed with respect to the ground? 18 Problems and Solutions Manuat Physics: Principles and Problems23, (continued) b, Graphically add the hiker's displacements in the order C, B, A. «. What can you conclude about the resulting displacements? You can add vectors in any order. The result is always the same, age 79 Level 2 24, A river lows toward the east. Because of your knowledge of physics, you head your boat 53° west of north and have a velocity of 6.0 mjs due north relative to the shore. a. What isthe velocity of the current? = (6.0 misytan 53%) = 8.0 mis ’b. What is your speed relative to the water? 6.0 mi cos 53° 1.0.x 107 mis Section 4.2 Level 1 25. You walk 30 m south and 30 m east. Find the magnitude and direction of the resultant displacement both graphically and algebraically 20 Problems and Solutions Manual Ab + Be VGO mys BO mE = VT600 m? = 40 m tan o=ase R= 40 m, 318° A ship leaves its home port expecting to travel to a port 500.0 km due south, Before itmoves even 1 km, a severe storm blows it 100.0 km due east. How far is the ship from its destination? In what direction must it travel to reach its destination? R R= V(100.0 km}? + (600.0 km)? 260 000 km? = 509.9 km 509.9 km, 78.69° south of west Physics: Principles and Problems erp 980301944 9 WUD20. Graphically find the sum of the following a. 50-km/h tailwindt airs of vectors whose lengths and ‘Tolbeind In tha santo tnrsctton op: directions are shown in Figure 4-12. the alrplane feo AQ) fo 200.0 km/h + 50 krvh = 250 kmh 5) 2 50-km/h head wind? sn Head wind is in the opposite fs) — direction of the alrplane ow —__. ‘totam mens hn a FIGURE 4.12 eh 22. Graphically add the following sets of — os 4 A ASC+D - —_- ora AvCeD b.CandD wee = ‘ . —— z cama . B, D, and P £ > a = nse S 23, Path Ais 8.0 km long heading 60.0° Band F north of east. Path B is 7.0 km long in a direction due east. Path C is 4.0 km long 5 heading 315° counterclockwise from east, : 2. Graphically add the hiker’s displacements in the order A, B,C. zero 21. An airplane Mies at 200.0 km/h with respect to the ait. What is the velocity of the plane relative to the ground if it fies with Physics: Principles and Problems Problems and Solutions Manual)MeCraw i Copyighe © by 27, A descent vehicle landing on Mars has a vertical velocity toward the surface of Mars of 5.5 m/s, At the same time, it has a horizontal velocity of 3.3 mys. 55m smi a. At what speed does the vehicle move along its descent path? RR AR Be A= VG5 mis + GS mise v=R=65mis b.At what angle with the vertical is this path? mis 55 mis 064 =a 28. You are piloting 2 small plane, and you want to reach an airport 450 km due south in 3.0 hours. A wind is blowing from the west at 50.0 km/h. What heading and airspeed should you choose to reach your destination in time? s0.0kmvh 450 km _ Fo gr = 150 ken = [(150 kmfh)? + (60.0 kevny?y 160 kmh tant 50.0 kwh = at 6 tan ei = tan 0.33 = 18° west of south Physics: Principles and Problems Level 2 29. A hiker leaves camp and, using a compass, walks 4 km E, then 6 km S, 3 km E, 5 km N, 10 km W, 8 km N, and finally 3 km S. At the end of three days, the hiker is lost. By drawing a diagram, compute how far the hiker is from camp and which direction should be taken to get back to camp, Take north and east to be positive directions. North: -6 km + 8 km +8 km ~ 3 km =4km East: 4 km +3 km— 10 km =-3 km The hiker is 4 km north and 3 km ‘west of camp.To return to camp, the hiker must go 3 km east and 4km south, N 4kmE+3kmE+10kmW =3hmW Shan $+ 5kmN48km N+ 3h = 4hmN Ramee R= V(SkmP + @ km)? = V25 km? =skm tang = 440 = 35 3km o= 53 A= 5 km, 53° south of east Problems and Solutions Manual 2130. You row a boat perpendicular to the shore of a river that flows at 3,0 m/s. The velocity of your boat is 4.0 m/s relative to the water. a. What is the velocity of your boat relative to the shore? ver 40m som A= V@O mis? + MO mie 5.0 ms eS: tan o= 35 = 1.38 @ = 53° with the shore b. What is the component of your velocity parallel to the shore? 3.0 mis Perpendicular to it? 4.0 mis 31, A.weather station releases a balloon that rises at a constant 15 mys relative to the ait, but there is a wind blowing at 6.5 mjs toward the west. What are the ‘magnitude and direction of the vel of the balloon? sims \ Jism v= VES mis + (15 mis) = 16 mis 5 mis tan 6 = Soe 7043 o= 23" v= 16 mis, 119° 22. Problems and Solutions Manual Critical Thinking Problems 32, An airplane, moving at 375 mjs relative to the ground, fires a missle at a speed of 782 m/s relative to the plane, What is the speed of the shell relative to the ground? q+ Ve= Yq 375 mis + 782 mvs = 1157 mis 33. A rocket in outer space that is moving at a speed of 1.25 km/s relative to an ‘observer fires its motor. Hot gases are ‘expelled out the rear at 2.75 km/s relative to the rocket, What is the speed of the gases relative to the observer? Ya “a= Va 1.25 kam’s ~ 2.75 kmis 1.50 kms nibsoresowsin Ado neko Physics: Principles and Problems