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Applied Nutrition and Diet Therapy
Applied Nutrition and Diet Therapy
ROLE OF DIETITIAN
● Obtaining history and usual diet prior admission.
● Nutrition history
● Calculate protein and protein requirements based on data.
● Nutrition interventions 2. Biochemical Data
● Determine nutritional diagnosis - Marker from fluids/wastes of the body.
- Laboratory tests from the patient.
Nursing Process - Urinalysis and blood tests (albumin and
1. Assessment prealbumin)
a. Malnutrition
● Deficiencies, excess or imbalances in intake of 3. Clinical Data
energy and/or nutrients. a. Kwashiorkor - protein deficiency
● 95 children per day die of malnutrition (WHO). b. Marasmus - carbohydrate deficiency
● 1000 Filipino children are not able to reach the
age of 5.
● 1/3rd Filipino children are stunted
Causes:
- Lack of safe drinking water and access to safe drinking
water
- Poor sanitation
- Dangerous practices
2 Kinds of Malnutrition:
1. Undernutrition
a. Wasting –– height is appropriate but have low 4. Dietary Data
weight. ● Are you on a diet?
b. Stunted –– height is small for age. ● Do you avoid any particular foods?
c. Underweight –– low weight for age ● Do you watch what you do in any way?
● How many meals and snacks do you eat in a
2. Overnutrition 24-hr period?
a. Diet related ● Do you have food allergies?
b. Overweight or obese ● Do you drink vitamin, mineral, herbal or other
supplements?
B. Nutritional Screening ● What concerns do you have about what or how
- Quick look at a few variables to judge a client’s risk for you eat?
nutritional items. ● For acutely ill, how has illness affected your
● Significant weight loss choice or tolerance of food?
● Diagnosis ● Who prepares the meals?
● Change in appetite ● Do you have enough food to eat?
● Difficulty eating ● How much alcohol do you consume daily?
● Bowel habits
● Use of enteral or parenteral nutrition Client Teaching
● Height - Compared with “well” clients, patients in a clinical setting
● Diet may be more receptive to nutritional advice, especially if
● Nausea/Vomiting they feel better by doing so or are fearful of a relapse or
● Weight complications.
● Albumin, Hematocrit
Ways to Promote Adequate Intake
C. Comprehensive Nutritional Analysis ● Encourage a big breakfast if appetite deteriorates
- In-depth analysis of nutritional status. throughout the day
- Focus: moderate-high risk with suspected or ● Advocate D/C of IV therapy (if feasible)
Applied Nutrition and Diet Therapy
● Replace meals withheld for diagnostic test
● Out of bed when eating (possible)
● Encourage good oral hygiene
● Solicit info on food preferences (cultural or religious)
● Display a positive attitude
CLASSIFICATION OF VITAMINS
Applied Nutrition and Diet Therapy
FAT-SOLUBLE
WATER-SOLUBLE
MINERALS
Healthy Lifestyle
1. Sleep (7-8 hours daily)
2. Eat healthy
3. Maintain optimal body weight (18.6-22.9 BMI)
4. Regular exercise (30 minutes, > 5 days/week, moderate
intensity)
5. Avoid smoking
6. Moderate alcohol
7. Coping & Adaptation (stress management)
8. Physical health examination or check up
Special diets
1. Peptic ulcer disease
a. bland diet
b. eat small frequent meals
c. avoid gastric irritants, milk, NSAIDs, alcohol,
smoking
2. Celiac Disease
a. Avoid BROW foods
b. gluten free diet
3. Liver Cirrhosis
a. low sodium, protein diet
b. Restrict fluids