5-Communication in The Network

5 Communication in the network
5.1
© Alcatel University - 8AS 90200 1536 VT ZZA Ed.01
© Alcatel University - 8AS 90200 1536 VH ZZA Ed.01 Page 5.1

Session presentation
▼ Objective: To be able to introduce the NSS

procedures for location update, call establishment,
and handover.
5.2

Session presentation
Program :
Page
▼ 5 Communication in the network 1
l 5.1 SS7 communication organisation 4
l 5.2 Main procedures in the NSS 8
l Exercises 35
5.3

5.1 SS7 communication organisation
5.4

Signalling network
Message Transfer Network
SS7
Mobile Network
GSM
Public Switched Telephone Network
PSTN
STP
SP
5.5
Signalling network
▼ Signalling Point (SP): A system including all or part of the SS7 functions is called a Signalling Point (SP). It is an origin or
destination of signalling traffic. It is where the meaning of the signalling message is analysed and processed.
▼ A signalling point that only transfers messages from one signalling link to another serves as a signalling transfer point (STP).
The signalling links, signalling transfer points, and signalling points may be combined in many different ways to form a
signalling network.

Network Identification
International SS7
To others countries
National SS7 National SS7
Local SS7 Local SS7 Local SS7
Telecommunication network
5.6
Network Identification
▼ The worldwide signalling network is structured into three functionally independent levels, namely the international, national
and local levels. This structure makes possible a clear division of responsibility for signalling network management and allows
numbering plans of signalling points of the international network and the different national networks to be independent of one
another.
▼ signalling point (SP), may be assigned to one of three categories:
l national signalling point (NSP) which belongs to the national signalling network only and is identified by a signalling
point code (OPC or DPC) according to the national numbering plan of signalling points;
l international signalling point (ISP) which belongs to the international signalling network only and is identified by a
signalling point code (OPC or DPC) according to the international numbering plan of signalling points;
l local signalling point (LSP) which belongs to the local signalling network only and is identified by a signalling point
code (OPC or DPC) according to the local numbering plan of signalling points
l a node that functions both as LSP and NSP or NSP and ISP and therefore belongs to both signalling network and is
identified by a specific signalling point code (OPC or DPC) in each of the signalling networks.
▼ If a discrimination between international, national and local signalling point codes is necessary at a signalling point, the
network indicator is used

International Message Transfer example
Country 1 GTO A GTO A

STP
National GTD D GTD D
SP4
OPC SP3 OPC SP3 SP1
GTO A DPC SP2 DPC SP2
GTD D NI : I NI : I
OPC SP1
GTO A
DPC SP2 SCCP gateway
SCCP gateway
NI : N
GTD D
GT A SP2 SP3 SP2 SP4 OPC SP4
DPC SP2
SP1
NI : N
STP
SP3
SP2
GT D
SP5 Country 2
International Network
National
5.7
International Message Transfer example
▼ An international message transfer between two equipment can not be done using only the signalling point code (SPC)
information, because the SPC is unique inside its network, but may be reused in other networks.In this transfer, the message
must pass through different networks.
▼ The enhanced routing capacities of SCCP come from the ability to translate a new type of address, the Global Title into a
Signalling Point Code. The Global Title (GT) is in format E164 ( CC NDC SN), meaning that this address is unique in the
world.
▼ This function of translation is perform into an SCCP function, which can become a gateway, if the translation of GT into SPC
is made into two different networks.

5.2 Main procedures in the NSS
5.8

Warning
▼ This section contents simplified NSS procedures

l The authentication phase is missing
l Most of radio messages are missing
!
l Message contents are simplified
▼ The objective of this section is to introduce the function of each

equipment through the main procedures, but is not to describe
each message
5.9

Location Updating
▼ Location Updating
l When a Mobile Station is switch ON, it performs a Location

Update procedure.
l In the following example, we will consider that it is the very

first location update done by this mobile station
5.10

Location Updating
IMSI LA MS-ISDN
)
T VLR Subscriber Profile
SI, G
(IM
tion RCP Lo
L oca ca
ate ata tio
Upd be rD nU
i
scr pd
ati
r t Sub ng
e
Ins req
ue
HLR st
(IM
SI,
CG
I)
IMSI / MS-ISDN
Subscriber Profile
GT VLR
BSC
SSP
IMSI
5.11
Very first Location Updating
▼ On this diagram, you can find the representation of VLR, HLR and SIM Database.
Before the first Location Update,
l SIM Card contents only the IMSI of the subscriber
l VLR has no references of the subscriber
l HLR contents the subscriber profile.
▼ The message Location Updating Request, contents the IMSI of the subscriber and the Cell where he is.
The Cell is in format CGI ( MCC-MNC-LAC-CI), so the VLR can register information such as IMSI, and LA where is located
the requesting subscriber.
▼ The message Update Location, contents the IMSI of the subscriber, and the Global Title (GT) of the VLR.
When the HLR receives this message, it is able to scan its database, and to find subscriber information.
The GT of the VLR is registered in the subscriber information.
▼ The message Insert Subscriber Data, contents the subscriber profile. When the VLR receives this message, it is able to
register subscriber profile.

Location Updating
END IMSI LA MS-ISDN TMSI
Subscriber Profile
ata
er D HLRCNF
s crib
Sub RCP
er t
Ins n
oc atio
L
ate
Upd Lo
cat
HLR ion
Up
da
tin
gA
cc
IMSI / MS-ISDN ep
t (T
MS
Subscriber Profile I)
GT VLR
VLRUDP BSC
SSP
IMSI
TMSI / LA
5.12
Very first Location Updating
▼ The message Insert Subscriber Data is an acknowledge that is used to confirm that the VLR is up to date. When the HLR
receives this message, it is able to set a flag called VLRUPD
▼ The message Update Location, is an acknowledge that is used to confirm that the HLR has registered the location of the
subscriber. When the VLR receives it, it is able to set a flag called HLRCNF. By the way, the VLR generates a Temporary
Identity (TMSI) for all future access of the mobile station.
▼ The message Location Updating Request, contents the TMSI generated by the VLR for this subscriber. When the Mobile
receives this message, it is able to register into the SIM card, the TMSI, and the Location area where the location update was
accepted.

HLR RCP
MS
LOCATION UPDATING REQUEST (IMSI,CGI)
UPDATE LOCATION (IMSI, GT VLR)
INSERT SUBSCRIBER DATA (SUBSCRIBER PROFILE)
INSERT SUBSCRIBER DATA
UPDATE LOCATION
UPDATING LOCATION ACCEPT (TMSI)

Location Updating (Adjacent VLR)
▼ Location Updating (Adjacent VLR)
l When a Mobile is idle, it is listening the radio environment.

If it detects that the location area stored onto its SIM card is
different of the one it receives, the Mobile Station performs a
Location Update.
l In the following example, we will consider that the Mobile is

located in LA1, which is controlled by VLR1, and the mobile
is moving into LA2, which is controlled by VLR2
5.14

IMSI / MS-ISDN 5.2 Main procedures in the NSS
Subscriber Profile Location Updating (Adjacent VLR)
GT VLR1
VLRUDP HLR
RCP1
IMSI LA1 TMSI1 Send Identi
fi cation (TM
HLRCNF MS-ISDN SI)
I RCP2
Send Identi ? LA2
Subscriber Profile fi cation (IMS
I)
I
)
CGI
,
A1
I,L
MS
t (T
SSP1 es Adjacent
Adjacent VLR
VLR
equ
R SSP2 LA1
LA1 ->
-> RCP1
RCP1
g
tin
pda
U
n
io
cat
LA1 BSC Lo BSC
LA2
IMSI
TMSI1 / LA1
5.15
Location Update between adjacent VLR
▼ On this diagram, you can find the representation of VLRs, HLR and SIM Database.
Before the new Location Update,
l SIM Card contents the IMSI, TMSI1 allocated by the VLR1, and LA1 where the location was accepted previously.
l VLR1 has downloaded the subscriber’s profile from HLR
l VLR2 has no references of this subscriber
l HLR contents the subscriber profile, and consider this subscriber located into VLR1
▼ The message Location Updating Request, contents the TMSI of the subscriber, the Location area stored in the SIM card,
and the Cell where he is.
l The problem is that the VLR doesn’t know this TMSI. It is able to register that there is a subscriber in LA2, but
without identity.
l To recover the subscriber identity, the VLR uses a database of adjacency to determine from which VLR this
subscriber comes. In this example, the LA1 is controlled by VLR1.
▼ The message Send Identification sent by VLR2 to VLR1contents the TMSI allocated to the subscriber by VLR1.
▼ The message Send Identification sent by VLR1 to VLR2 contents the IMSI of the subscriber.
l The VLR is able, now, to register the IMSI of the subscriber, and can continue a standard location update procedure

Upd
GT GT VLR1
VLR2 (GT VLR1) ate
Loc
VLRUDP
VLRUDP HLR Ins atio
er t n (I
Sub MS
scr I)
Ins ibe
RCP1 er t rD
Sub ata
IMSI LA1 TMSI1 Upd scr
ate ibe
HLRCNF MS-ISDN Loc rD RCP2
ata IMSI LA2
atio
Subscriber Profile n MS-ISDN
HLRCNFSubscriber Profile
SSP1
SSP2
LA1 BSC BSC
LA2
IMSI
TMSI / LA1
5.16
▼ The message Update Location, contents the IMSI of the subscriber, and the Global Title (GT) of the VLR.
When the HLR receives this message, it is able to scan its database, and to find subscriber information.
The GT of the VLR is register in the subscriber information. A reference to the previous VLR is temporary stored in HLR
database
▼ The message Insert Subscriber Data, contents the subscriber profile. When the VLR receives this message, it is able to
register subscriber profile.
▼ The message Insert Subscriber Data is an acknowledge that is used to confirm that the VLR is up to date. When the HLR
receives this message, it is able to set a flag called VLRUPD
▼ The message Update Location, is an acknowledge that is used to confirm that the HLR has register the location of the
subscriber. When the VLR receives it, it is able to set a flag called HLRCNF. By the way, the VLR generates a Temporary
Identity (TMSI) for all future access of the mobile station.

END GTVLR2
GT VLR2(GT VLR1)
VLRUDP HLR
IMSI)
cation (IM
I
Cancel Lo
RCP1
IMSI LA1 TMSI1 cation
HLRCNF MS-ISDN Cancel Lo
2)
RCP2
SI
IMSI LA2 TMSI2
M
Subscriber Profile MS-ISDN
(T
st
HLRCNFSubscriber Profile
ue
eq
R
g
tin
a
pd
SSP1
U
n
io
SSP2
t
ca
LA1 BSC Lo BSC
LA2
IMSI
TMSI //LA1
TMSI2 LA2
5.17
▼ The message Location Updating Request, contents the TMSI generated by the VLR for this subscriber. When the Mobile
receives this message, it is able to register into the SIM card, the TMSI, and the Location area where the location update was
accepted.
▼ After this step, the subscriber profile is duplicated in the network. So the HLR sends a message Cancel Location to the
previous VLR, VLR1. This message contents the IMSI of the subscriber to be deleted.
▼ A message Cancel location is sent by VLR1 when the subscriber's information is delete. When the HLR receives this
message, it removes the references to VLR.

HLR RCP1 RCP2
VMSC VMSC VMSC
GMSC
LOCATION UPDATING REQUEST (TMSI, LA1, CGI)
SEND IDENTIFICATION (TMSI)
SEND IDENTIFICATION (IMSI)
UPDATE LOCATION (IMSI)
INSERT SUBSCRIBER DATA (SUBSCRIBER PROFILE)
INSERT SUBSCRIBER DATA
UPDATE LOCATION
UPDATING LOCATION ACCEPT (TMSI)
CANCEL LOCATION (IMSI)
CANCEL LOCATION

Mobile to fixed network call (OC)
▼ Mobile to fixed network call (OC)
l When a Mobile Station is idle, the VLR contains subscriber’s

information.
l In the following example, we will consider that the mobile

subscriber wants to call a subscriber from the public
switched telephone network (PSTN)
5.19

RCP
Se
tup
Ca (PS
ll P TN
roc )
eed
ing
Create, retrieve (CIC)
Retrieve_RES(CIC31
CIC31)
PSTN
SSP BSC
CIC31
5.20
▼ The mobile sends a call setup request using the message Setup. Inside this message you find the called Party Number
represented by PSTN on this diagram.
▼ The RCP sends to the mobile the message Call Proceeding. This message indicates to the MS that the information needed
to set up the call has been received and that the call will be handled according to the subscriber’s right.
▼ The RCP sends to the SSP the message “Create, Retrieve” with the BSC number and asks the SSP to reserve a leg to the
radio part. The Retrieve message is used to obtain the value of the CIC selected by the SSP.
▼ The RCP now sends the message Create to the SSP. In this message, there is the called party number (PSTN) that will be
translated by the SSP into a destination CIC.

RCP
Create (ISDN
ISDN) Event (ACM)
PSTN
SSP BSC
CIC31
CIC6
ACM
IAM (ISDN
ISDN)
IAM : Initial Adress Message

ACM: Adress Complet Message
5.21
▼ The RCP now sends the message Create to the SSP. In this message, there is the called party number (PSTN) that will be
translated by the SSP into a destination CIC.
▼ When the SSP reserves the CIC, it sends a message Initial Address Message (IAM) that contains the called party number.
This message will reserve CICs up to the called subscriber.
▼ The Address Complete Message (ACM) indicates that the subscriber exists and is available (and ringing).
▼ Because the communication is controlled by the RCP, this information is reported by SSP using the message Event. This
message contains ACM information is.

END
RCP Co
nn
e
Co ct
nn
ec
Al e t_A
rtin CK
g
JOIN
Event (ANM)
PSTN
SSP BSC
CIC31
CIC6
ANM
ANM: ANswer Message
5.22
▼ The RCP sends a message Alerting to the Mobile. This message indicates that the called party is ringing.
▼ The RCP sends the message Join; this message joins the two reserved legs, that is to say it connects the Speech circuits.
▼ The ANswer Message (ANM) indicates that the subscriber is off hook.
▼ Because the communication is controlled by the RCP, this information is reported by SSP using the message Event. This
message contains ACM information .
▼ The CONNECT message indicates to the mobile that the called party has answered and accepted the call.
▼ The Connect-acknowledge message indicates that the mobile is switched to conversation mode.

SSP RCP
PSTN MS
SETUP (PSTN)
CALL PROCEEDING
CREATE, RETRIEVE (CIC)
RETRIEVE
CREATE (PSTN)
IAM
ACM
EVENT (ACM)
ALERTING
JOIN
ANM
EVENT (ANM)
CONNECT
CONNECT-ACK

Fixed network to mobile call (TC)
▼ Fixed network to mobile call (TC)
l When a subscriber wants to call a mobile subscriber, he

knows his MS-IDSN. Using this information the PLMN must
be able to find the location of the called subscriber.
l In the following example, we will consider that the calling is

a PSTN subscriber, and the called is a Mobile subscriber.
5.24

) Pro
I SDN vid
e_R
S- HLR
I (M
RN
) Pro N (IM
SR S vi SI) IMSI LA2 TMSI2
RI (M (M de_R MRSN
S IMSI / MS-ISDN SR N HLRCNF MS-ISDN
N) Subscriber Profile
Subscriber Profile
GTVLR2
GT VLR (GT VLR1) Pool
Pool of
of MSRN
MSRN
RCP RCP
VLRUDP
MSRN1
MSRN1 to
to MSRN100
MSRN100
Provide Instruction
(MS-ISDN
MS-ISDN)
PSTN
E
C SSP SSP BSC
CIC2
IAM (MS-ISDN
MS-ISDN) GMSC VMSC
SRI: Send Routing Information

Provide_RN: Provide Roaming Number
5.25
▼ In this diagram, you can see an interconnection between the PSTN and one PLMN. In the PLMN, there are several MSCs,
each MSC having specific functions. If the MSC controls Mobile subscribers, this MSC is called Visited MSC (VMSC). To
make the link between the PSTN and the PLMN, there is one Special MSC, which is called the Gateway MSC (GMSC); this
MSC must be able to route calls from and to the PLMN.
In this example, a fixed subscriber from the PSTN wants to call a mobile subscriber from this PLMN. So the fixed subscriber
dials the MS-ISDN of the mobile subscriber, and according to this number, the PSTN routes the call up to the GMSC of the
PLMN.
▼ The SSP recognises in the message IAM that the MS-ISDN is from its PLMN.
▼ Because it is under the control of RCP, it sends the message Provide Instruction to the RCP, this message contains the
MS-ISDN requested by the calling party.
▼ The RCP will start its function of GMSC, meaning that it must route the call to the mobile subscriber in the PLMN. But the MS-
ISDN does not give any information about the localisation of the mobile subscriber, so RCP sends a message called Send
Routing Information (SRI) to the HLR to get routing information.
▼ When the HLR receives the message, it scans its database to find the subscriber to whom this MS-ISDN belongs. When it
finds him, there is, in the database, the subscriber’s IMSI and the VLR where he is roaming.
l The HLR sends a message Provide roaming number (PRN) to the RCP where the Subscriber is located.
▼ When the RCP receives the message PRN, it scans the VLR database to find information about the subscriber. When it finds
him, the RCP associates an MSRN ( Mobile Subscriber Roaming Number) to the subscriber. RCP manages a pool of
MSRNs, each MSRN defining the physical position of the MSC. This information was not provided by the MS-ISDN.
▼ The RCP sends a message PRN to the HLR. This message contains the MSRN allocated to the subscriber.
▼ The HLR transfers this MSRN to the Gateway MSC using the message SRI.

HLR
IMSI LA2 TMSI2

MRSN
HLRCNF MS-ISDN
Subscriber Profile
RCP RCP
Create (MSRN
MSRN) Provide Instruction
Paging Procedure
(MSRN
MSRN)
PSTN
E
C SSP SSP BSC
CIC2
CIC7
GMSC IAM (MSRN

MSRN) VMSC
5.26
▼ The RCP asks the SSP, using the message Create, to reserve a speech Circuit for the communication, and the SSP selects
a speech circuit that goes to the VMSC using the MSRN and its translation functions.
▼ The SSP sends a message IAM to the VMSC, and in this message the Speech Circuit code used for the communication is
given. In this way the VMSC can reserve the incoming speech circuit for the future communication.
▼ The SSP detects that the MSRN requested is a Local MSRN, so it asks the RCP for information to using the message
Provide instruction
▼ When the RCP receives this message, it recognizes a local MSRN, and scans the VLR database to find the subscriber
allocated for this MSRN. When its finds him, there is, in the database the Location area where the subscriber is situated, and
the TMSI used for the radio communication.
▼ The RCP frees the MSRN and it becomes available for future communications, Then the RCP asks the BSC to do the
Paging Procedure . The BSC answers and gives the exact location of the subscriber in the Location area.

HLR
IMSI LA2 TMSI2

HLRCNF MS-ISDN
Subscriber Profile
S
RCP RCP Ale etu
rtin p
g
Retrieve (CIC1
CIC1)
Create,
JOIN EVENT GEN-SIG (ACM) Retrieve
(ACM
ACM) SEND (RING TONE) (CIC)
PSTN
E
C SSP SSP
GT SSP BSC
CIC2 CIC1
CIC7
ACM GMSC ACM VMSC
5.27
▼ The RCP can send a message Setup to the subscriber to inform the Mobile that there is a speech call for it. This message
contents the calling party information used by the CLIP service. (see next chapter)
▼ The Mobile answers using the message Call confirmed.
▼ The RCP sends to the SSP the message “Create, Retrieve” with the BSC number and asks the SSP to reserve a leg to the
radio part. The Retrieve message is used to obtain the value of the CIC selected by the SSP.
▼ The mobile informs the RCP that it is ringing using the message Alerting.
▼ The RCP ask the SSP to generate the signal ACM, and to provide a ring back tone to the calling subscriber.
▼ The SSP sends the ACM message to the Gateway MSC.
▼ When the SSP receives the ACM message, it sends a message Event to the RCP to inform it that it has received an ACM
message.
▼ The RCP answers by the message join; this message joins the two legs reserved, that is to say it connects the Speech
circuits.
▼ The SSP sends the ACM message to the PSTN, and this ACM message will be transfered from switch to switch up to the
calling subscriber, and all the speech circuits will be connected

END
HLR
IMSI LA2 TMSI2

HLRCNF MS-ISDN
Subscriber Profile
RCP RCP Co
n
Co nec
nn t
EVENT JOIN ec ACK
t
(ANM
ANM) GEN-SIG(ANM
ANM)
PSTN
E
C SSP SSP
GT SSP BSC
CIC2 CIC1
CIC7
ANM GMSC ANM VMSC
5.28
▼ After a certain time, the called subscriber answers. A message Connect is sent by the Mobile to the RCP.
▼ The RCP ask the SSP to generate the signal ANM, it sends also the message join, to stop the ring back tone, and to join
the two reserved legs, that is to say it connects the Speech circuits.
▼ The Connect-acknowledge message indicates to the mobile that it can switch to conversation mode.
▼ The SSP sends the ANM message to the Gateway MSC.
▼ When the SSP receives the ANM message, it sends a message Event to the RCP to inform it that it has received an ANM
message.
▼ The SSP sends the ANM message to the PSTN, and this ANM message will be transfered from switch to switch up to the
calling subscriber to start the charging process.

PSTN
GMSC VMSC
RCP SSP SSP RCP

E
C
IAM (MS-ISDN)
PROVIDE INST.
VLR HLR
SRI(MS - ISDN)
PRN(IMSI)
PRN(MSRN)
SRI(MSRN)
CREATE
IAM (MSRN)
PROV. INST
PAGING PROCESS
SETUP
CALL CONFIRMED
CREATE
RETRIEVE (CIC)
RETRIEVE
ALERTING
GEN - SIG (ACM)

SEND (RING TONE)
ACM
EVENT (ACM)
ACM
CONNECT
JOIN JOIN
GEN - SIG (ANM)
CONNECT ACK
ANM
EVENT (ANM)
ANM

Handover Inter MSC
▼ Handover Inter MSC
l When a Mobile Station is in communication, it sends to the

BSC, radio measurements. The BSC determines if an
Handover is required, and if this handover cannot perform
by itself, the BSC ask the MSC.
l In the following example, we will consider that the mobile

station is in communication with a PSTN subscriber, and
that the call was set up in the SSP1 by RCP1.
5.30

Handover Inter MSC
Adjacent
Adjacent MSC
MSC Prepare HO (HON
HON)
LA2
LA2 ->
-> RCP2
RCP2 RCP1
Create (HON
HON) Prepare HO (CGI
CGI)
RCP2
Retrieve (CIC1)
Create, Retrieve (CIC)
HO Required (CGI
CGI)
HO Request
PSTN HO Request_ACK
E
C SSP2
SSP1
MSC Anchor CIC2
BSC1
CIC1
BSC2
5.31
Handover Inter MSC
▼ At the beginning of this call procedure, you can notice that the mobile is in conversation mode, this conversation pass trough
SSP1, and is controlled by RCP1.
During the communication, the mobile moves, and pass from the LA1 to LA2. During the conversation, the mobile don't do
any location update, but sends radio measurement to the BSC.
▼ According to the report sends by the mobile, the BSC determines that a Handover is required. So the bsc sends the message
handover required to the RCP. In this message there is the identity of the destination cell where the mobile has the best
radio signal.
▼ RCP uses its adjacent MSC database to determine which MSC is in charge of the destination cell. When it is done, RCP
sends a message to the adjacent MSC to prepare the Handover (Prepare HO). In this message, the destination cell is
tranfered.
▼ The RCP2 sends to the SSP2 the message “Create, Retrieve” with the BSC number and asks the SSP to reserve a leg to
the radio part. The Retrieve message is used to obtain the value of the CIC selected by the SSP.
▼ RCP2 reserves radio resources for the future communication, and asks it to the BSC in charge of the destination cell.
(Handover Request)
▼ When the radio reservation is complete, BSC answer with the message Handover request acknowledge.
▼ RCP2, will reserve for the future communication an Handover number (HON). The handover number has the same function
of a MSRN, and will be used to sends the communication from SSP1 to SSP2. RCP2 sends this message to RCP1 using the
message Prepare HO.
▼ RCP1 asks SSP1 using the message Create, to reserve a speech Circuit for the communication to SSP2 using the Handover
number.

Handover Inter MSC
Join (Split
Split option)
option RCP1
Event (ACM
ACM) RCP2 GEN.SIG (ACM
ACM)
Join
HO Command
Provide Instruction (HON
HON)
IAM (
HON)
PSTN
E
C SSP2
SSP1
CIC9
MSC Anchor CIC2 ACM
BSC1
CIC1
BSC2
5.32
Handover Inter MSC
▼ SSP1 sends a message IAM to SSP2, and in this message the Speech Circuit code used for the communication is given.
Like this SSP2 can reserved the incoming speech circuit .
▼ SSP2 detect that the HO number asked is a Local Handover number, so it asks information to RCP using the message
Provide instruction
▼ When RCP2 receives this message, it recognizes a local HOnumber, and scans its database to find the resources reserved
already allocated. RCP2 sends the message general signal ACM, and join, to join the circuits reserved.
▼ The ACM message informs that all resources are ready for the mobile in the destination cell.
▼ This message is transfer to the RCP using the message Event. Now RCP knows that the Handover can be performed.
▼ RCP1 sends the message Handover command to the mobile. In this message there is the location of the destination cell, so
the mobile switch to this cell.
▼ RCP1 send the message Join with a split option to sends the conversation up to SSP2 where is now located the mobile.

Handover Inter MSC
END
Event (ANM
ANM) RCP1
Send End
Signal
Free RCP2
HO Complete GEN.SIG (ANM

ANM)
PSTN
E
C SSP2
SSP1
CIC9
MSC Anchor CIC2 ANM
BSC1
CIC1
BSC2
5.33
Handover Inter MSC
▼ The mobile sends the message Handover Complete to RCP2 that controls the radio area where is the mobile. This message
indicates that the handover is performed, and for the mobile the procedure is finish.
▼ RCP2 sends a report to RCP1 using the message Send end. Event if the mobile is not in the radio area of RCP1, RCP1 is
still in charge of the communication. The mobile is still located in the VLR database of RCP1 and that why RCP1 is called
Anchor MSC.
▼ RCP1 releases the radio ressources used in LA1 using the message Free.
▼ RCP2 asks SSP2 to generate ANM message to finish the handover procedure.
▼ ANM message is sends to SSP1.
▼ ANM message is sends to RCP1 using the message Event, and this message indicates that the handover is completed.

SSP1 RCP1 SSP2 RCP2
MS BSC1 MSC1 MSC2 BSC2
HO REQUIRED
PREPARE HO
CREATE, RETRIEVE
RETRIEVE
HO REQUEST
HO REQUEST ACK
PREPARE HO (HO nb)
CREATE (HO nb)
IAM
PROVIDE INST.
.
GEN.SIG (ACM)
JOIN
ACM
EVENT (ACM)
HO COMMAND
JOIN (split option)
HO COMPLETE.
SEND END SIGNAL
FREE
GEN SIG (ANM)
ANM
EVENT (ANM)

Objective: To be able to introduce the

NSS procedures for location update, call
establishment, and handover.
5.35

Exercises
ü Answer the following list of questions.
Time allowed :
30 minutes
5.36

Exercises
▼ Question 1/3
l On the following schema, write down the Routing information, in order that SP1
reaches SP5 list as under, in the correct place
è SP1
è SP2
è SP3
è SP4
è SP5
è SP6
(each routing information must be used only one time)
5.37

Exercises
▼ Question 2/3
l In this example of a Terminating Call (PSTN to MS), order the following
messages in the chronological order for call set-up.
l Complete columns “From equipment” and “To equipment” which indicate the
origin and the destination of this message
Chronological Message name Main parameter From to Equipment

number Equipment
CREATE MSRN
Send Routing Information MS-ISDN
Send Routing Information MSRN
1 IAM MS-ISDN PSTN SSP1
IAM MSRN
Provide Instruction MS-ISDN
Provide Instruction MSRN
Provide Roaming Number IMSI
Provide Roaming Number MSRN
10 CREATE BSC n° RCP2 SSP2
(To answer this question, the diagram of next question may help you…)
5.38

Exercises
▼ Question 3/3
l Using the previous question, place the message of a Terminating Call onto the
diagram
HLR
RCP1 RCP2
PSTN
SSP1 SSP2 BSC
GMSC VMSC
5.39

Evaluation
▼ Objective: To be able to introduce the

NSS procedures for location update,
call establishment, and handover.
Thank you for answering

the self-assessment
of the objectives sheet
5.40

5-Communication in The Network

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5-Communication in The Network

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5 Communication in the network

© Alcatel University - 8AS 90200 1536 VH ZZA Ed.01 Page 5.1

▼ Objective: To be able to introduce the NSS

© Alcatel University - 8AS 90200 1536 VH ZZA Ed.01 Page 5.2

© Alcatel University - 8AS 90200 1536 VH ZZA Ed.01 Page 5.3

5.1 SS7 communication organisation

© Alcatel University - 8AS 90200 1536 VH ZZA Ed.01 Page 5.4

Message Transfer Network

Public Switched Telephone Network

© Alcatel University - 8AS 90200 1536 VH ZZA Ed.01 Page 5.5

National SS7 National SS7

Local SS7 Local SS7 Local SS7

▼ signalling point (SP), may be assigned to one of three categories:

© Alcatel University - 8AS 90200 1536 VH ZZA Ed.01 Page 5.6

Country 1 GTO A GTO A

International Message Transfer example

© Alcatel University - 8AS 90200 1536 VH ZZA Ed.01 Page 5.7

5.2 Main procedures in the NSS

© Alcatel University - 8AS 90200 1536 VH ZZA Ed.01 Page 5.8

▼ This section contents simplified NSS procedures

▼ The objective of this section is to introduce the function of each

© Alcatel University - 8AS 90200 1536 VH ZZA Ed.01 Page 5.9

l When a Mobile Station is switch ON, it performs a Location

l In the following example, we will consider that it is the very

© Alcatel University - 8AS 90200 1536 VH ZZA Ed.01 Page 5.10

Very first Location Updating

© Alcatel University - 8AS 90200 1536 VH ZZA Ed.01 Page 5.11

Very first Location Updating

© Alcatel University - 8AS 90200 1536 VH ZZA Ed.01 Page 5.12

LOCATION UPDATING REQUEST (IMSI,CGI)

UPDATE LOCATION (IMSI, GT VLR)

INSERT SUBSCRIBER DATA (SUBSCRIBER PROFILE)

INSERT SUBSCRIBER DATA

UPDATING LOCATION ACCEPT (TMSI)

© Alcatel University - 8AS 90200 1536 VH ZZA Ed.01 Page 5.13

▼ Location Updating (Adjacent VLR)

l When a Mobile is idle, it is listening the radio environment.

l In the following example, we will consider that the Mobile is

© Alcatel University - 8AS 90200 1536 VH ZZA Ed.01 Page 5.14

Location Update between adjacent VLR

© Alcatel University - 8AS 90200 1536 VH ZZA Ed.01 Page 5.15

LA1 BSC BSC

Location Update between adjacent VLR

© Alcatel University - 8AS 90200 1536 VH ZZA Ed.01 Page 5.16

Location Update between adjacent VLR

© Alcatel University - 8AS 90200 1536 VH ZZA Ed.01 Page 5.17

LOCATION UPDATING REQUEST (TMSI, LA1, CGI)

SEND IDENTIFICATION (TMSI)

SEND IDENTIFICATION (IMSI)

UPDATE LOCATION (IMSI)

INSERT SUBSCRIBER DATA (SUBSCRIBER PROFILE)

INSERT SUBSCRIBER DATA

UPDATING LOCATION ACCEPT (TMSI)

CANCEL LOCATION (IMSI)

© Alcatel University - 8AS 90200 1536 VH ZZA Ed.01 Page 5.18

▼ Mobile to fixed network call (OC)

l When a Mobile Station is idle, the VLR contains subscriber’s

l In the following example, we will consider that the mobile

© Alcatel University - 8AS 90200 1536 VH ZZA Ed.01 Page 5.19

Mobile to fixed network call (OC)

© Alcatel University - 8AS 90200 1536 VH ZZA Ed.01 Page 5.20

IAM : Initial Adress Message

Mobile to fixed network call (OC)

© Alcatel University - 8AS 90200 1536 VH ZZA Ed.01 Page 5.21