IMS Standards

IP Multimedia Subsystem (IMS)
standards
2010 Telecom Master Class
Marie-Paule Odini - HP
Agenda
•2G - 3G –4G : UMTS & IMS
•IMS Overviewand components
•Architecture & Call flows
•Migration to IMS
•Summary
Simple 2G Mobile Network
3GPP Standard evolution
Typical 2G Architecture
Fixe + Mobile layer
PSDN
BSC
BTS
BSC HLR SMS-SC
BSC
MSC/VLR
PLMN
MSC/VLR
BSC
BTS — Base Transceiver Station
BSC — Base Station Controller
GMSC
Tandem PSTN Tandem

CO CO
CO MSC — Mobile Switching Center

VLR — Visitor Location Register
HLR — Home Location Register
+ DATA - IP
2.5G Architectural Detail
2G MS (voice only)
NSS
BSS
E PSTN
Abis
A
PSTN
B
BSC C
MS MSC GMSC
D
BTS VLR
Gs
SS7
H
Gb
2G+ MS (voice & data)
Gr HLR
AuC
Gc
Gn Gi
PSDN
SGSN IP GGSN
BSS — Base Station System NSS — Network Sub-System SGSN — Serving GPRS Support Node
BTS — Base Transceiver Station MSC — Mobile-service Switching Controller GGSN — Gateway GPRS Support Node
BSC — Base Station Controller VLR — Visitor Location Register
HLR — Home Location Register GPRS — General Packet Radio Service
AuC — Authentication Server
GMSC — Gateway MSC
3G rel99 Architecture + 3G Radio
(UMTS)
2G MS (voice only)
CN
BSS
E PSTN
Abis
A
PSTN
B
BSC C
MSC GMSC
Gb D
BTS VLR
Gs
SS7
H
IuCS
RNS
Gr HLR
AuC
ATM Gc
Iub IuPS
Gn Gi
PSDN
RNC IP
SGSN GGSN
Node B
3G UE (voice & data)
BSS — Base Station System CN — Core Network SGSN — Serving GPRS Support Node
HLR — Home Location Register UMTS — Universal Mobile Telecommunication System
RNS — Radio Network System AuC — Authentication Server
RNC — Radio Network Controller GMSC — Gateway MSC
3G rel4 Architecture + Soft-switching
(UMTS)
2G MS (voice only)
CN
CS-MGW
Nb
BSS
CS-MGW
A
Abis Nc PSTN PSTN
Mc
Mc
B
BSC C
MSC Server GMSC server
Gb D
BTS VLR
Gs SS7
H
IuCS
RNS IP/ATM
Gr HLR
AuC
ATM Gc
Iub
IuPS
Gn Gi
PSDN
RNC
SGSN GGSN
Node B
3G UE (voice & data)
BSS — Base Station System CN — Core Network SGSN — Serving GPRS Support Node
HLR — Home Location Register
RNS — Radio Network System AuC — Authentication Server
RNC — Radio Network Controller GMSC — Gateway MSC
3G rel5 Architecture +IMS
(UMTS)
2G MS (voice only)
CN
CS-MGW
Nb
BSS
CS-MGW
A/IuCS
Abis Nc PSTN PSTN
Mc
Mc
B
BSC C
MSC Server GMSC server
Gb/IuPS D
BTS VLR
Gs SS7
H
2G+ MS (voice & data) ATM
IuCS
RNS IP/ATM
Gr HSS
AuC
Gc
Iub
IuPS
Gn Gi
IP Network
RNC
SGSN GGSN
Node B
3G UE (voice & data) IM-MGW
IMS
IMS — IP Multimedia sub-system Gs PSTN
MRF — Media Resource Function IP
CSCF — Call State Control Function
Mc
Mg
MGCF — Media Gateway Control Function (Mc=H248,Mg=SIP) MRF
MGCF
IM-MGW — IP Multimedia-MGW
CSCF
3GPP view of IMS
IMS : IP and PSTN convergence
IMS and EV-DO (evolution data only)
LTE architecture
MME : Mobility Management Entity
LTE and Voice
A Lu-cs Gs SMSC
MSC MAP
SG SV
S-Gw P-Gw
For SMS – light MSC enough

For Voice – need MSC upgrade to support SRVCC (SV protocol support)
Note : if VoIP is used on 3G, no need for SRVCC – using PS HO
(HO = hand over = address mapping )
VoLTE : LTE and IMS
LTE and Policies (QoS)
S5/S8
S-GW
P-GW
Gx PCRF: Policy
Charging and Rules
Functions
S1
Sp (policy decisions
based on HSS/sp,
applications/Rx )
P-GW : Policy Gwy

= policy enforcer
eNB Packet filtering
IMS overview
What is IMS all about?
• Full IP network and service infrastructure for
converged services
• Providing a new wave of sticky services that
– Seamlessly integrate multimedia, data and
voice within a single user session
– Are instant, real time in nature
– Focus on customer environments and their
lifestyles
– Are complex in nature, but simplistic to use
– Are device and network agnostic
– Can be easily enhanced and expanded as the
IMS network and standards evolve
IMS Drivers and Caveats
• Data obtained fromFrost &Sullivan Report “IMS Ready for Primetime”–Feb. 07
23 March 23, 2010 Marie-Paule Odini - HP

Viable IMS Applications by Segment
Application %** Wireless Wireline Cable
FMC – Seamless Roaming 75% X X
Instant Multimedia Messaging 73% X

X X
Video Telephony (mobile video/TV) 68% X X X

IP - Centrex 55% X
Video Streaming (Push to see,mobile 48%
X X X
video,etc.)
Interactive Gaming 38% X X X
Push to Talk (POC) 33% X
Rich Voice (enhanced QoS) 32% X X X
Audio Streaming 29%
X X X
Location Services 28% X

Push to talk enhanced (QoS) for ------
X
Enterprise
Cable Applications – Caller ID, Presence ------
X
change, etc.
• Data obtained from Frost &Sullivan Report “IMS Ready for Primetime”–Feb. 07
Why IMS? Overall Value
Proposition
• Convergence (fixe, mobile, BB)
• Faster time to revenue
• Investment protection (standard)
• Cost containment (standard IT, IP)
• Provides a flexible, scalable architecture
• Service innovation enablement (multimedia)
• Unprecedented flexibility (IP, enablers)
• New services can be developed rapidly and trialed
economically
• Large developer community (standard API, open)
IMS Components
CSCF
Proxy-CSCF
• A first contact point inside a local (or visited) IMS
• Acts as a SIP Proxy Server
– accepts SIP requests from User Equipment (UE) and then either
serves these requests or forwards them to other servers
• Functions include:
– Forward SIP REGISTER request from UE to the home network
– Forward other SIP messages from a UE to a SIP server (e.g.,the
mobile’s S-CSCF in the mobile’s home network).
– Forward SIP messages from the network to a device
– Perform necessary modifications to the SIP requests before
forwarding them to other network entities
– Maintain a security association with the mobile
– Detect emergency session
– Create CDRs
Interrogating-CSCF (I-CSCF)
• Contact point within an operator’s network for
– all connections destined to a user of that network operator
– For a roaming user currently located within that network operator’s service
area.
• Multiple I-CSCFs may exist within any given
network
• Functions
– Registration
• Assigning a S-CSCF to a user performing SIP registration
– Session-related and session-unrelated flows
• Route a SIP request received from another network to the S-CSCF
• Obtain from HSS the address of S-CSCF
• Forward the SIP request or response to the S-CSCF
– Generation of CDRs
• Topology Hiding Inter-network Gateway
– Acts has a firewall
Serving - CSCF
• Maintains session states for a registered user ’s on-going sessions and
performs the following main tasks
– Registration
• Can act as a SIP Registrar to accept users’ SIP registration requests & make users
registration & location information available to location servers such as Home
Subscriber Server
– Session Control
• Can perform SIP session control functions for a registered user
• Relay SIP requests and responses between calling & called parties
– Proxy Server
• May act as a SIP Proxy Server that relays SIP messages between users &
other CSCFs or SIP servers
– Interactions with Application Servers
• Acts as the interface to application servers & other IP or legacy service
platforms
– Other functions
• Performs a range of other functions not mentioned above
– For example, it provides service-related event notifications to users & generates
Call Detail Records (CDR)
CSCF : orchestration flows
IMS Component
HSS
Home Subscriber Server
• Provides customer
Authentication Accounting and
Authorization (AAA)
HSS
• Provides subscriber master
database Subscription Location
– Calls, sessions Information Information
– Info for roaming

D Cx
• Responsible for holding user C Gr Gc
related info MSC
Server
CSCF
– Id, Security,Location, Profile
GMSC
SGSN GGSN
Server
• One IMS network may include
multiple HSS’s
Logical Functions of an HSS
Home Subscriber Server
Service User Security Application

Authorization Info. Service
Support Generation Support
Service User Security
Provisioning Camel Services
Support Support Support
Call/Session
Mobility Identification Access
Establishment
Support Management Handling Authorization
C Si
D Gr Gc Cx
Sh
GMSC
MSC/VLR OSA SIP
SGSN GGSN -SCS IM-SSF
AS
GSM SCF CSCF
CS Domain PS Domain IM CN Subsystem
IMS Components
SIP AS
What is an Application Server (AS)?
• An Application Server offers value added IMS services. It
may be
– SIP Application Server
– Open Service Access (OSA) Service Capability Server (OSA
Gateway)
– CAMEL IM-SSF
• An AS can communication with the HSS
• The Serving-CSCF to AS interface is used to provide
services residing in an AS. Two cases are possible
– Serving-CSCF to an AS in Home Network
– Serving-CSCF to an AS in a trusted External Network
• Some vendors already integrate in their IMS solution
some SIP AS among which
– OSA SCS
– SIP AS for presence
– SIP AS for instant messaging
– SIP AS for Push To Talk
– Etc.
IMS Application Server (AS)
Architecture
SIP Legacy
OSA OSA
App. Network
AS AS
Server Element
SIP SIP
App. App.
Server Server
ISC OSA SS7
API
AS : SCIM (broker)
(Service Capability IM-
OSA
Interaction Manager)
SCS SSF
Sh
Sh
ISC
HSS
MRF
Cx S-CSCF Mr
Si
Legacy integration :
* Parlay Application Server

* IM-SSF to Camel
Parlay Service Capability
Server(SCS)
• Parlay is an OMA standard Diameter
legacy OSA HSS
• Focus on legacy services SCS Sh
integration :
– SMS MRF
– MMS ISC
Cx
– Location
– Call control with legacy
S-CSCF
• Can sit within or outside network
domain IMS Network
• Is the controlling mechanism to
the network (security, etc.)
• Has interfaces to network – can
connect to wireline, wireless or
Voip, IMS
• Normally uses off the shelf OMA : Open Mobile Alliance
hardware and software
Open Service Access (OSA) Parlay AS
Application
Server
Discovery Application
OSA API
Open
Interface
Service
Class
Access Framework User Call
Location Control Service Capability Server(s)
WGW
HLR CSE Servers
WPP
• Part of the “Virtual Home Environment”

• Open, standardized API for 3rd party application developers
– Developed in the Parlay group
• “Exports” typical network functionality
– Call Control
– QOS
– User Location
– Terminal Capabilities
– Content based charging
IP Multimedia – Services Switching
Function (IM-SSF)
Non IMS Network Elements
IMS Network Elements Legacy
OSA OSA Network
SIP App. AS AS Element
Server
SIP App. SIP App. OSA
Server Server API
ISC SS7
OSA
App. Server SCS IM-S S F
(Service Capability
Interaction Manager) ISC
• Provides the interworking of a SIP message to the Mr

corresponding customized applications for Mobile Networks S-CSCF MRF
Enhanced Logic (CAMEL)
– ANSI-41, Intelligent Network Application Protocol (INAP)
– Transaction Capabilities Application Part (TCAP) messages
• Enables UE access to legacy services such as
– Calling name service
– Freephone services
– Number Portability
– One number services
– Etc. Marie-Paule Odini - HP
Media Resource Function
MRF
media server
(serveur vocal)
conference server
Standard Media Server
functionality
• Announcements (audio and video)
• Automated Speech Recognition (ASR)
• Billing Record Creation (CDR, IPDR)
• Fax Detection
• Interactive Voice Response (IVR)
• Recording
• Text-To-Speech conversion (TTS)
• Transcoding between different codecs or
rates
• Multi-unicasting (replicating the audio and
video payload of RTP)
• Open Standard interfaces (SIP, VXML)
IMS - Media Resource Function
• Two components per
standards
– MRF Controller (MRFC)
• Controls the media stream
resources in the MRFP AS
• Interprets information coming from
an AS and S-CSCF (e.g. session
identifier) and control MRFP ISC MRF
accordingly
• Generates CDRs
S-CSCF MRFC
– MRF Processor (MRFP)
• Controls RTP bearers Mr
• Provides resources to be controlled Mp
by the MRFC
• Mixes incoming media streams MRFP
(e.g., for multiple parties)
• Sources media streams (for
multimedia announcements) Mb
• Processes media streams (e.g.,
audio transcoding, media analysis) GGSN
• Supports multiple audio and video
codecs
IMS Components
BGCF
Breakout Gateway Control
Function (BGCF)
Other IMS Networks Legacy mobile
signaling networks
PTSN
Mb
BGCF Mk
Mb CSCF C,D,
Mm
Pstn Mk Gc,
Pstn Gr
BGCF Mw
Mj
Mi Cx
Mn Mg HSS
IMS-MGW MGCF CSCF
Dx SLF
Mb
Mr Mw
MRFP MRFC P-CSCF UE

Mp Gm
Mb
Mb Mb Gq IMS
Breakout Gateway Control Function
(BGCF)
• Process request from S-CSCF to select appropriate
PSTN/CS domain breakout point
• Select the network in which the interworking with the
PSTN/CS Domain is to occur. If the interworking is in
another network, then the BGCF will forward the SIP
signaling to the BGCF of that network
• If the interworking is in another network & network hiding
is required, the BGCF will forward the SIP signaling via an
I-CSCF toward BGCF of the other network
• Select MGCF in the network in interworking with PSTN/CS
domain is to occur & forward the SIP signaling to that
MGCF
• CDR generation
IMS architecture
&
Call Flows
IMS full picture
IMS call flow
Registration process
turn on phone : I am Here !
Incoming Call
IMS simplified architecture
Media
Registration
Registration : SIP register
?? ?? ?? ?? ??
Session set up : SIP invite
UE-2
UE-1
Session set up
?? ?? ?? ??
Presence : SIP simple
Subscribe, Publish, Notify
AS to HSS : Diameter
Other examples
Push to talk session
From IMS user to CS user
Off-line charging
On-line charging
GSM to IMS network roaming
CS user calling IMS user
Toll-free thru TCAP Gwy
Off-line charging to CAP Gwy
SMS to IMS user
Summary : Key call flows
• 1- Registration : SIP-REGISTER
– UE - P-CSCF - I-CSCF – S-CSCF - HSS
– SIP 200 OK
• 2- Session Set up : SIP INVITE
– UE1 – S-CSCF – ( I-CSCF - HSS – S-CSCF ) – UE2
– SIP 200 OK – SIP ACK
• 3- Presence : SIP Simple Subscribe, publish,
notify
• 4- AS-HSS : DIAMETER Protocol
Migration towards IMS
Different approaches to
implementing IMS
• No IMS
– Keep it simple
– Proprietary path
– Convergence is not important
• Full IMS
– Technology follower
– Must wait for IMS to mature
• Closed IMS
– Wild card
– Proprietary path
• Only IMS
– Market follower
– Must wait for IMS to mature
• Early IMS
– Market leader
– Use pre-IMS services
– Evolution path to full IMS
IMS for Global Network as “Overlay”
• All IP processing is in the new
centre Note : Local zone remain
• A single central HSS unchanged
Central IMS Centre Local Zone

Mobility
Server
App. Local Zone
Servers
HSS CRM &
HLR
Billing
CSCF
MGCF
GGSN SGSN
MGW
Packet Network
Circuit Network
MGW
IMS partial local implementation
• Local HSS, possibly evolved from Note :
HLR - some local zone will
have IMS service, and
• SLF to select HSS local HSS
- others may not
• Still central applications
Central IMS Centre Local Zone
SLF App. Local Zone

Servers
CRM &
HLR
Billing
CSCF Local
MGCF HSS
SGSN
GGSN
MGW
Packet Network
Circuit Network
MGW
IMS full local implementation
• Central SLF to
select HSS Note : IMS deployed everywhere
• Local session
control (cscf) Central IMS Centre
• Some local SLF App.

applications CSCF Servers
MGCF
Local Zone Local Zone

Local Local
HLR HLR
Local HSS AS Packet Local HSS AS
Network CRM &
Billing
CRM & CSCF CSCF
Billing GGSN GGSN
SGSN
MGW
MGW
MGW
Circuit Network

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IP Multimedia Subsystem (IMS)

2010 Telecom Master Class

•IMS Overviewand components

•Architecture & Call flows

BSC HLR SMS-SC

Tandem PSTN Tandem

CO MSC — Mobile Switching Center

For SMS – light MSC enough

P-GW : Policy Gwy

• Data obtained fromFrost &Sullivan Report “IMS Ready for Primetime”–Feb. 07

23 March 23, 2010 Marie-Paule Odini - HP

Instant Multimedia Messaging 73% X

Video Telephony (mobile video/TV) 68% X X X

Location Services 28% X

– Info for roaming

Service User Security Application

* Parlay Application Server

• Part of the “Virtual Home Environment”

• Provides the interworking of a SIP message to the Mr

MRFP MRFC P-CSCF UE

Central IMS Centre Local Zone

Central IMS Centre Local Zone

SLF App. Local Zone

• Some local SLF App.

Local Zone Local Zone

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