GSM Architecture, CS

Base Station Network and

Subsystem Switching Subsystem

s s

PSTN

MSS BTS BSC MSC/VLR Gateway

Mobile Station Base Transceiver Mobile Switching MSC
Base Station Center/Visitor
Subscriber Station Contoller Location Register
s

HLR
Home Location
Register

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 GSM Architecture: CS and PS

Base Station Subsystem Network and Switching

Subsystem
s s
PSTN

MSC/VLR Gateway
Mobile BTS BSC MSC
Station
Subscriber s

HLR
PDN/
Internet

Other
SGSN GGSN
PLMN
Serving GPRS Support Gateway GPRS
Node Support Node

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 UMTS CS-CN

S IE M E N S S IE M E N S S IE M E N S S IE M E N S

A
PSTN/PLMN
User BSS MSC/VLR GMSC
(BTS and BSC)
C
Iu-CS D
CS domain

Cx
HLR/HSS
Gs

Gr Gc
Rx
Gb
Gx
PS domain
PCRF CSCF
Gn Gi

Iu-PS
User RNS SGSN GGSN
Node B and RNC
IP Multimedia Subsystem
UMTS PS-CN
(IMS)

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 Evolved Packet System

EPS

Long Term System Architecture

Evolution Evolution

LTE SAE

Evolved UTRAN Evolved Packet Core

E-UTRAN EPC

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 UTRAN

SGSN
GERAN HSS
S3
S1-MME S6a
MME
PCRF
S12 Rx
S11 Gx
S4
LTE-Uu S10
Serving S5 PDN SGi Operator's IP
UE E-UTRAN Gateway Gateway Services
(e.g. IMS, PSS etc.)
S1-U

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 Tasks of the different 3GPP CN-Subsystems

CS-CN PS-CN EPC IMS

(Radio) Access (Radio) Access (Radio) Access Service Access

Control Control Control Control

Mobility Mobility Mobility Mobility

Management Management Management Management

Service Logic Service Logic

Handling Handling

Bearer Service Bearer Service Bearer Service Bearer Service

Provisioning Provisioning Provisioning Control

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 GERAN/UTRAN/E-UTRAN IP-CAN PSTN or Legacy
Mobile Networks

BTS/NodeB/e-NodeB SGSN/S-GW GGSN/PDN-GW

Application
WLAN
3GPP
IP Multimedia
Subsystem
Access Point Access Router PDGW
(IMS)
External PDNs

Fixed/DSL

DSL modem/ DSLAM/BRAS BGW

Other IMS Networks
Ethernet switch

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 IMS Standardization Overview

OMA
Specification of E2E service enabler (e.g. PoC, Messaging, Presence)
Develop Service enabler
using IMS
Provide network capabilities to fulfill
E2E enabler requirements
Definition
of Req's by
ETSI TISPAN NGN 3GPP IMS 3GPP2
Define NGN/FMC based bodies SIP call control domain for IMS for CDMA2000
on 3GPP IMS public network operator networks
Changes to 3GPP2
core IMS by largely
3GPP follows
3GPP
Use IETF protocols, and adopt new
functionalities to 3GPP system Specifies requirements for
IETF specification work (e.g. SIP).

IETF
Specification of Internet protocols

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IMS Specific Identifiers
Home Network Domain Name ims.mnc<MNC>.mcc<MCC>. 3gppnetwork.org
• identification of the home IMS network
• acc . to RFC 1035

If there is no ISIM (IMS SIM) application on the UICC, UE derives Home Network
from IMSI. Example:
IMSI = 262 14 6003996374 ims.mnc014.mcc262.3gppnetwork.org

Private User Identity username@realm

• unique global id acc to RFC 2486

not for routing, just for registration (authentication)
• stored in the HSS and ISIM
• allocated to an ISIM application
• allocated to the subscription
• one ore more Private User ids
per IMS subscription

example: fred@siemens.com
If no private user identity is explicitely given: username = IMSI, realm = home network domain name
example: IMSI = 262 14 6003996374 262146003996374@ims.mnc014.mcc262.3gppnetwork.org

sip:username@domain
Public User Identity
tel:telephone_nr
• SIP:URI* acc to RFC 3261/2396
or
• tel:URI acc. to RFC 3966
• used for communication with the user and routing
• at least one private id allocated to an ISIM application

example: sip:alfred.ameise@siemens.com

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IMPI / IMPU in the VoLTE scenario

IMPI (IP Multimedia Private Identity) <any string>

<derived IMPI> => IMPU without „sip:“
+493119106001@provider.net

IMPI (IMSI-derived) <IMSI>@ ims.mnc<MNC>.mcc<MCC>.3gppnetwork.org

555103114300011@ims.mnc010.mcc555.3gppnetwork.org

IMPU (IP Multimedia PUblic Identity) sip:<user part>@<host/domain part>

tel:<telefone number>
sip:+493119106001@provider.net
tel:+493119106001

IMPU (IMSI-derived) sip:<IMSI>@ ims.mnc<MNC>.mcc<MCC>.3gppnetwork.org

sip:555103114300011@ims.mnc010.mcc555.3gppnetwork.org
! For Registration only !
! For USIM UEs only !

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 Registration Set 1

Public
Service profile 1
User id1

Public
User id 2
Private
User id1
Registration Set 2 Service profile 2

IMS Public
Subscription User id 3

Private
User id2 Service profile 3
Public
User id 4

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 HLR/HSS

Sgi
Gn/S5 Gi
Iu-PS
S1
User UTRAN SGSN/S-GW GGSN/PDN-GW
E-UTRAN
UMTS PS-CN/EPC

Signaling PDP Context/Default Bearer

SIP
(Application) Data Context/Dedicated Bearer
Application
CSCF
(Application) Data Context/Dedicated Bearer

router

router

IP Multimedia Subsystem
(IMS)

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 Signaling PDP Context/Default Bearer

/S-GW /PDN-GW PCRF

/S5 Gx Rx

/S1 / EPC Gi/SGi

E-UTRAN

AS Sh

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IP Multimedia Networks
Legacy mobile
Izi CS Network Mm
Ici,
Mm
Mm Mm Signaling Networks

Ix
Mx
TrGW IBCF Ma
I - CSCF AS
Mb
CS BGCF Mx ISC
Sh
Mb Mx

CS Mk Mx
C, D
Cx GC, Gr
BGCF

Mi Mw

Mg
Mj
S - CSCF HSS
Mg Cx
IM
MGW MGCF
Dh
Mn

ISC Mw SLF
Rc
MRB
Dx
Mb Ut

Mr

P - CSCF UE
MRFP MRCF Cr, Mr Gm
Mp
Mb
Mb
Mb IMS Subsystem

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 GW
Gx
CSCF
Rx PCRF

IMS-MGW
Mj Mi Mx
Mn
MGCF BGCF I-BCF

Mr
Mp
MRFC
MRFP Gm
Mm,Mw
Cx / ISC/Ma
Dx->SLF

Menu

HSS Sh/ TAS

SIP based HSS Dh->SLF
network

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 HSM box

Cx-IF

Sh-IF

S6a-IF*
One-NDS
subscriber repository
S6d-IF*
HSS-FE LDAP DS DS

Wx-IF* DS

SWx-IF* Routing DSA

DS DS

MAP-IF
DS

DS DS BE DSA
Hd
SOAP
DS

PGW DSA

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 Mm, Mw, Gm, Mg, Mi, Mj, Mk, Mr Cx, Dx, Gx, Rx, Gq’,
Sh, e2, S6a, S6d

SIP Diameter
UDP TCP SCTP SCTP TCP

IP IP

L2 / L1 or PDP context L2 / L1

Mn, Mp
H.248

UDP TCP SCTP

IP

L2 / L1 or PDP context
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 LTE IMS

LTE IMS
MSS/MGCF
SRVCC
eSRVCC

2G/3G CS

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 S-CSCF I-CSCF BGCF BGCF I-CSCF S-CSCF
ATCF Mx Mx Mx Mx ATCF
F Mx
Mx Mx F
Mx
II-NNI
P-CSCF IBCF IBCF P-CSCF
Mx
Mx Ici
MSC Server Mx
Ix Ix
enhanced MSC Server
Mx TrGW TrGW
for ICS or Izi enhanced
SRVCC for ICS or
SRVCC

Signalling
Bearer IM CN subsystem network A IM CN subsystem network B

Inter-IMS Network-to-Network
Interface

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 TISPAN R2 Architecture
Network Attachment Subsystem
• Address Allocation
• Authentication & Authorization
• Access Network Configuration
• Location management
PSTN Emulation Subsystem
• non-IMS based
• Complex PSTN/ISDN Emulation

Gq‘ Gq‘

Resource & Admission

Control Subsystem
• Session Admission
Control
• Gate Control

ARF

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 HSS

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 Call Feature Server Call Feature Server
(Application Server) (Application Server)
acting as terminating UA acting as originating UA

SIP leg #1 SIP leg #1

From: X From: X
To: Y To: Y
Call-ID: Z Call-ID: Z

SIP leg #1
Menu
Menu

SIP leg #1
From: X From: X
To: Y To: Y
Call-ID: Z Call-ID: Z

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 SIP leg #1 SIP leg #1
From: X From: X
To: Y To: Y
Call-ID: Z Call-ID: Z

Menu Menu
Call Feature Server
SIP leg #1 SIP leg #1 (Application Server)
From: X From: X performing 3rd party
To: Y To: Y
Call-ID: Z Call-ID: Z
call control

Call Feature Server

(Application Server)
acting as SIP Proxy
SIP leg #1 SIP leg #2
From: X From: P
To: Y To: Q
Call-ID: Z Call-ID: R

Menu Menu

SIP leg #1 SIP leg #2

From: X From: P
To: Y To: Q
Call-ID: Z Call-ID: R
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