INTRODUCTION TO

ECOSYSTEM SCIENCE
ENGR. SHEINA PALLEGA
Technological University of the Philippines
WHAT IS ECOLOGY?
GREEK ORIGIN
OIKOS = HOUSEHOLD LOGOS = STUDY
STUDY OF THE HOUSE/ENVIRONMENT IN WHICH WE LIVE
STUDY OF RELATIONSHIPS AMONG ORGANISMS WITH THEIR
ENVIRONMENT
SCIENTIFIC STUDY OF THE RELATIONS THAT LIVING ORGANISMS
HAVE WITH RESPECT TO EACH OTHER AND THEIR NATURAL
ENVIRONMENT
ECOSYSTEM COMPONENTS
BIOTIC (LIVING) ABIOTIC (NON-LIVING)
o PLANTS o LIGHT / SOLAR
o ANIMALS RADIATION / HEAT
WATER
MICROORGANISMS
o
o
o AIR / ATMOSPHERE
o SOIL
o SOUND
o GRAVITY
WHAT IS ECOLOGY?
Greek Origin
OIKOS = household LOGOS = study
study of the house/environment in which we live
study of relationships among organisms with their environment
scientific study of the relations that living organisms have with
respect to each other and their natural environment
ECOLOGICAL FACTORS
1. PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL (ABIOTIC)
- air / wind
- water / moisture
- energy / sunlight / solar radiation / heat climate
- soil / minerals / nutrients

2. BIOLOGICAL (BIOTIC)
- producers (plant)
- consumers (herbivore, carnivore, omnivore)
- decomposers (bacteria, fungi, microorganisms)
LEVELS OF ORGANIZATION
LEVELS OF ORGANIZATION
Individual - Simplest level of organization
Habitat - dwelling place of an organism
Niche - role of an organism
Population - a group of organisms of the same species that live
together in the same area at the same time
Community - a natural association that consists of all the populations
of different species that live and interact together within
an area at the same time
Ecosystem - a community and its physical environment
Biomes - large geographic areas with similar climates and
ecosystem
Biosphere - surface of earth
- composed of many ecosystems and biomes
TYPES OF ECOSYSTEM
TYPES OF BIOMES
ECOLOGICAL PROCESSES IN AN
ECOSYSTEM
1. BIOLOGICAL
- Growth and reproduction
- Photosynthesis
- Respiration/Excretion
- Decomposition

2. PHYSICAL / CHEMICAL
- Biogeochemical Cycles
- Flow and transfer of energy
THANK YOU!