UGANDA TECHNICAL COLLEGE- ELGON

HIGHWAY ENGINEERING 1 ASSIGNMENT

LECTURER: MR ODEO ANDREW

GROUP 2 MEMBERS REGISTRATION NUMBER SIGNATURE

1.KULOBA SOLOMON UBT002/2023/T/D/M/2461 …………………………

2.WANYENZE .R. BARBRA UBT002/2023/T/D/M/2311 ………………………….

QUESTION 2

(a) The moisture content of a specimen of soil is 26% and the bulk density is
1858kg/m3 .If the specific gravity of the soil particles is 2.67, determine the void
ratio and the degree of saturation.
Solution
W= 26%
Ρb =1858kg/m3
S= 2.76
Void ratio=??
ρd = (ρb/1+w)
= (1858/1+0.26)
=1474.6kg/m3
Dry density= 1474.6kg/m3
But e= (GSρW/ρd)-1
= (2.67*1000)/1474.6
;. e=0.87
But S= (GSw)/e
= (2.67*0.26)/0.87
Degree of saturation =0.82
(b)Write short notes on the following terms
(i) Normal traffic
 It’s also known as base load traffic and it refers to the traffic that would
have occurred normally even in the absence of the project.
 Traffic growth will be a fixed number of vehicles per year or a fixed
percentage increase and data on fuel sales can often be used as a guide
to country wide growth in traffic levels although improvements in fuel
economy overtime should be taken into account.
 Growth can be related linearly to GNP (Gross National Income)
(ii) Diverted traffic
 It refers to traffic drawn away from existing road e.g. as when a new road
takes traffic away from existing roads.
 Where parallel routes exist, traffic will usually travel on the quickest and
cheapest route.
 Origin and destination surveys should be carried out to provide data which
can be used to estimate likely traffic diversions.
 Assignment of diverted traffic is normally done by “all or nothing
method”.(Assume that all vehicles would save time or money by diverting
and that would lose time or increase costs if would not transfer.
 Diverted traffic is normally forecasted to grow at the same rate as traffic
on road.
(iii)Attracted/ generated traffic)
 It refers to new traffic resulting from low transport cost.
 It is difficult to forecast accurately and can be easily over estimated.
 In the case of a small improvement with in an already developed highway
system, attracted traffic will be small and can normally be ignored.
 There will usually be little generated traffic when there is improvement of
short lengths of rural roads and tracks.
 The recommended approach to forecasting attracted traffic is to use
demand relationships.