GOVERNMENT POLYTECHNIC, AMBAD.

DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERIMG

ENVIRONMENATL STUDIES(22447)
ACADEMIC YEAR- 2022-23

A MICRO-PROJECT ON
“GLOBAL WARMING ”

FOR THE AWARD OF

DIPLOMA IN MECHANICAL ENGINEERING

( MECHANICALENGINEERING ME-4I )

UNDER THE GUIDANCE OF

MR. V.V.GADDAMWAR

SUBMITTED BY

Sr.no. Roll no. Enrollment no. Name of student

1. 265 23510280749 YOGIRAJ RAMNATH DHANGARE

2. 267 23510280742 DIPAK BHIMRAO HIWALE

3. 280 23510280734 PRATIK SHIVAJI NIRMAL

4. 281 23510280758 MANESH ASHOK PUND

5. 282 23510280752 NADEEM NASER SHAIKH

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 GOVERNMENT POLYTECHNIC, AMBAD.
DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING

COURSE & CODE- ENVIRONMENATL STUDIES-22447

CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that the Micro-project entitled “Global warming

”being submitted here with for the award of DIPLOMA IN
ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY in MECHANICAL
ENGINEERING of MAHARASHTRA
STATEBOARD&TECHNICAL EDUCATION (MSBTE) is the
result of Micro-project work completed by Roll No.
65,67,80,81,82.under the supervision and guidance of
MR.V.V.GADDAMWAR It is to the best of my knowledge and belief
that the work embodied in this Micro-project has not formed earlier the
basis for the award of any degree or diploma of this or any other Board
or examining body.

Academic Year: 2023-24 Semester : fourth Enrollment No:

Place: Ambad Date:

MR. V.V.GADDAMWAR MR. P.T.KALE Dr. A.M.AGARKAR

Micro-project Guide H.O.D Principal

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 DECLARATION

I, the under signed hereby declare that the project entitled “Global
warming” is written and submitted by Group b to Government Polytechnic
Ambad during Year 2022-24, fourth semester for partial fulfillment of the
‘Micro Project’ requirement of “”course under Maharashtra State Board of
Technical Education, Mumbai curriculum, under the guidance of
“MR.V.V.GADDAMWAR”is my original work. The empirical findings in
this project are based on the collected data and are not copied from any other
sources.

Sr.no. Roll no. Enrollment no. Name of student

1. 265 23510280749 YOGIRAJ RAMNATH DHANGARE

2. 267 23510280742 DIPAK BHIMRAO HIWALE

3. 280 23510280734 PRATIK SHIVAJI NIRMAL

4. 281 23510280758 MANESH ASHOK PUND

5. 282 23510280752 NADEEM NASER SHAIKH

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 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

I have great pleasure to express my immense gratitude towards a

dynamic person and my project guidance, MR.V.V.GADDAMWAR
Department of MECHANICAL ENGINEERING Government Polytechnic,
Ambad for giving me an opportunity to work on an interesting topic over one
semester. The work presented here could not have been accomplished
without her most competent and inspiring guidance, incessant
encouragement, constructive criticism and constant motivation during all
phases of our group Micro-project work. I am highly indebted to him.
I am very much thankful to MR.V.V.GADDAMWAR Head Department of
MECHANICAL ENGINEERING , all HODsof various
departments and Dr. A.M. AGARKAR Sir, The Principal of
Government Polytechnic, Ambad for his encouragement and providing me
a motivating environment and project facilities in the Institute to carry out
experiments and complete this Micro-project work.
I would like to extend my thanks to all our professors, staff members and all
our friends who extended their co-operation to complete the project.
I am indeed indebted to my parents and other family members for their
immense help at all levels with moral, social & financial support, care and
support throughout my studies without which my work would not have seen
light of the day.
With warm regards,

Yours Sincerely,
All Group Members,

Place: Ambad
Date:

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 GLOBAL WARMING

Table of contents


What is Global Warming?


 Causes of Global Warming

 Man-made Causes of Global Warming


 Natural Causes of Global Warming


 Effects of Global Warming

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 What is Global Warming?
Global warming is the phenomenon of a gradual increase in the temperature near the earth’s
surface. This phenomenon has been observed over the past one or two centuries.

This change has disturbed the climatic pattern of the earth. However, the concept of global
warming is quite controversial but the scientists have provided relevant data in support of the
fact that the temperature of the earth is rising constantly.

There are several causes of global warming, which have a negative effect on humans, plants
and animals. These causes may be natural or might be the outcome of human activities.

In order to curb the issues, it is very important to understand the negative impacts of global
warming.

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 Causes of Global Warming
( Following are the major causes of global warming.)

Man-made Causes of Global Warming

Deforestation
Plants are the main source of oxygen. They take in carbon dioxide and release oxygen thereby
maintaining environmental balance. Forests are being depleted for many domestic and
commercial purposes. This has led to an environmental imbalance, thereby giving rise to
global warming.

Use of Vehicles
The use of vehicles, even for a very short distance results in various gaseous emissions.
Vehicles burn fossil fuels which emit a large amount of carbon dioxide and other toxins into
the atmosphere resulting in a temperature increase.

Chlorofluorocarbon
With the excessive use of air conditioners and refrigerators, humans have been adding CFCs
into the environment which affects the atmospheric ozone layer. The ozone layer protects the
earth surface from the harmful ultraviolet rays emitted by the sun. The CFCs have led to ozone
layer dipletion

making way for the ultraviolet rays, thereby increasing the temperature of the earth.

Industrial Development
With the advent of industrialization, the temperature of the earth has been increasing rapidly.
The harmful emissions from the factories add to the increasing temperature of the earth.

In 2013, the Intergovernmental Panel for Climate Change reported that the increase in the
global temperature between 1880 and 2012 has been 0.9 degrees Celsius. The increase is 1.1
degrees Celsius when compared to the pre-industrial mean temperature .

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 Agriculture
Various farming activities produce carbon dioxide and methane gas. These add to the
greenhouse gases in the atmosphere and increase the temperature of the earth.

Natural Causes of Global Warming

Volcanoes
Volcanoes are one of the largest natural contributors to global warming. The ash and smoke
emitted during volcanic eruptions goes out into the atmosphere and affects the climate.

Water Vapour
Water vapour is a kind of greenhouse gas. Due to the increase in the earth’s temperature, more
water gets evaporated from the water bodies and stays in the atmosphere adding to global
warming.

Melting Permafrost
Permafrost is frozen soil that has environmental gases trapped in it for several years and is
present below Earth’s surface. It is present in glaciers. As the permafrost melts, it releases the
gases back into the atmosphere, increasing Earth’s temperature.

Forest Blazes
Forest blazes or forest fires emit a large amount of carbon-containing smoke. These gases are
released into the atmosphere and increase the earth’s temperature resulting in global warming.

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Effects of Global Warming
Following are the major effects of global warming:

Rise in Temperature
Global warming has led to an incredible increase in earth’s temperature. Since 1880, the
earth’s temperature has increased by ~1 degrees. This has resulted in an increase in the melting
of glaciers, which have led to an increase in the sea level. This could have devastating effects
on coastal regions.

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 Threats to the Ecosystem
Global warming has affected the coral reefs that can lead to the loss of plant and animal lives.
Increase in global temperatures has made the fragility of coral reefs even worse.

Climate Change
Global warming has led to a change in climatic conditions. There are droughts at some places
and floods at some. This climatic imbalance is the result of global warming.

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 Spread of Diseases
Global warming leads to a change in the patterns of heat and humidity. This has led to the

movement of mosquitoes that carry and spread diseases.

Mild winters, early springs, and warmer temperatures are giving mosquitoes and ticks more

time to reproduce, spread diseases, and expand their habitats throughout the United States.

Between 2004 and 2018, the number of reported illnesses from mosquito, tick, and flea bites

more than doubled, with more than 760,000 cases reported in the United State...

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 High Mortality Rates
Due to an increase in floods, tsunamis and other natural calamities, the average death toll
usually increases. Also, such events can bring about the spread of diseases that can hamper
human life.

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 Loss of Natural Habitat
A global shift in the climate leads to the loss of habitats of several plants and animals. In this
case, the animals need to migrate from their natural habitat and many of them even become
extinct. This is yet another major impact of global warming on biodiversity.

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CONCLUSION

Global warming is not something to take lightly. The oceans are warming, the polar ice caps
are melting, and greenhouse gas levels are at an all-time high. These are just some of the things
that the claims-makers for the global warming cause have said. The science has proven them
right. So, the ultimate claim is that humans are a large factor in the increased rate of global
warming. There are claims-makers of all kinds fighting about whether that is true or not. The
solutions proposed deal with a cleaner world, while the deniers will opt to do nothing. This
issue has turned political, and it seems like nothing gets done until someone who believes in
global warming is in charge. Right now, that is not the case. This issue will continue to get
worse until there is no turning back. Hopefully society can come to a consensus to try and
inhibit global warming. This is the only way to keep the place we live healthy.

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