Multiple-Choice Questions

Answer the following questions in 25 minutes. You may not use a calculator. You may use
the periodic table and the equation sheet at the back of this book.

1. A reaction follows the rate law Rate = k[A]2. Which of the following plots will give a
straight line?
(A) 1/[A] versus 1/time
(B) [A]2 versus time
(C) 1/[A] versus time
(D) ln[A] versus time

2. For the reaction NO2(g) + CO(g) → NO(g) + CO2(g), the rate law is Rate = k[NO2]2. If a
small amount of gaseous carbon monoxide (CO) is added to a reaction mixture that
was 0.10 molar in NO2 and 0.20 molar in CO, which of the following statements is true?
(A) Both k and the reaction rate remain the same.
(B) Both k and the reaction rate increase.
(C) Both k and the reaction rate decrease.
(D) Only k increases; the reaction rate will remain the same.

3. The radioactive decay of tritium, 3H, has a half-life of 12.3 years. Radioactive decay
processes follow first-order kinetics. How long will it for the moles of tritium in a
sample to decrease from 1.00 mole to 0.0625 mole?
(A) 12.3 y
(B) 24.6 y
(C) 49.2 y
(D) 98.4 y

4. The rate of reaction for a certain chemical is slow. A possible cause of the slow rate
might be which of the following?
(A) The activation energy is low.
(B) The activation energy is high.
(C) There is a catalyst present.
(D) There was an increase in the temperature.

5. The steps below represent a proposed mechanism for the catalyzed oxidation of CO
by O3.
Step 1: NO2(g) + CO(g) → NO(g) + CO2(g)
Step 2: NO(g) + O3(g) → NO2(g) + O2(g)
What are the overall products of the catalyzed reaction?
(A) CO2 and O2
(B) NO and CO2
(C) NO2 and O2
(D) NO and O2

6. The decomposition of ammonia to the elements is a first-order reaction with a half-life

of 200 s at a certain temperature. How long will it take the partial pressure of ammonia
 to decrease from 0.100 atm to 0.00625 atm?
(A) 200 s
(B) 400 s
(C) 800 s
(D) 1,000 s

7. The energy difference between the reactants and the transition state is:
(A) the free energy
(B) the heat of reaction
(C) the activation energy
(D) the kinetic energy

8. Which of the following is the reason it is necessary to strike a match against the side
of a box to light the match?
(A) It is necessary to supply the free energy for the reaction.
(B) It is necessary to supply the activation energy for the reaction.
(C) It is necessary to supply the heat of reaction for an endothermic reaction.
(D) It is necessary to supply the heat of reaction for an exothermic reaction.

9. The following table gives the initial concentrations and rate for three experiments.

The reaction is CO(g) + Cl2(g) → COCl2(g). What is the rate law for this reaction?
(A) Rate = k[CO]
(B) Rate = k[CO]2 [Cl2]
(C) Rate = k[CO][Cl2]
(D) Rate = k[CO][Cl2]2

10. The reaction (CH3)3CBr(aq) + H2O(l) → (CH3)3COH(aq) + HBr(aq) follows the rate law
Rate = k[(CH3)3CBr]. What will be the effect of decreasing the concentration of
(CH3)3CBr?
(A) The rate of the reaction will increase.
(B) More HBr will form.
(C) The rate of the reaction will decrease.
(D) The reaction will shift to the left.
11. When the concentration of H+(aq) is doubled for the reaction H2O2(aq) + 2 Fe2+(aq)
+ 2 H+(aq) → 2 Fe3+(aq) + 2 H2O(g), there is no change in the reaction rate. This
indicates that:
(A) the H+ is a spectator ion
(B) the rate-determining step does not involve H+
(C) the reaction mechanism does not involve H+
(D) the H+ is a catalyst

12. The following mechanism has been proposed for the reaction of CHCl3 with Cl2:

Which of the following rate laws is consistent with this mechanism?

(A) Rate = k[Cl2]
(B) Rate = k[CHCl3] [Cl2]
(C) Rate = k[CHCl3]
(D) Rate = k[CHCl3] [Cl2]1/2

13. The reaction NO2(g) + CO(g) → NO(g) + CO2(g) has the rate law Rate = k[NO2]2. In
one experiment, the initial amounts of NO2 and CO were both 0.100 M. In another
experiment, the initial concentration of CO was doubled to 0.200 M, and the
concentration of NO2 remained the same (0.100 M). All other variables remained
unchanged. Which of the following expresses how the rate of the second experiment
compares to that of the first experiment?
(A) The rate of both experiments is the same.
(B) The rate of the second experiment is double the first.
(C) The rate of the second experiment is one-half the first.
(D) There is insufficient information to make a conclusion.

14. The rate law for the following reaction is Rate = k[H2] [I2]. The reaction is H2(g) + I2(g)
→ 2 HI(g). A chemist studying this reaction prepared what he thought was a mixture
that was 0.10 M in H2 and 0.20 M in I2. The mixture actually had a slightly higher
I2concentration. All other reaction conditions were correct. Because of the error, the
experiment did not proceed exactly as expected. Which of the following statements is
true about the actual experiment (higher I2) relative to the experiment the chemist
thought he was performing (expected I2)?
(A) The values of k and the reaction rate both decreased.
(B) The values of k and the reaction rate both increased.
(C) The value of the rate increased, but k remained the same.
(D) The value of k increased, but the reaction rate remained the same.
15. Step 1: 2 NO2(g) → N2(g) + 2 O2(g)
Step 2: 2 CO(g) + O2(g) → 2 CO2(g)
Step 3: N2(g) + O2(g) → 2 NO(g)
The above is a proposed mechanism for the reaction of NO2 and CO. What are the
overall products of the reaction?
(A) NO and CO2
(B) O2 and CO2
(C) N2 and NO
(D) NO and O2

16. The reaction of bromine, Br2, with nitrogen oxide, NO, is Br2(g) + 2 NO(g) →2
NOBr(g).
For this reaction, the observed rate law is Rate = k [Br2] [NO]2. Why is the following
unlikely to be in the mechanism?
Br2(g) + 2 NO(g) → 2 NOBr(g)
(A) NO is an unstable molecule.
(B) Br2 is too stable to react.
(C) This is a ternary step.
(D) This could be a step in the mechanism.

Answers and Explanations

1. C—The exponent 2 means this is a second-order rate law. Second-order rate laws
give a straight-line plot for 1/[A] versus t.

2. A—The value of k remains the same unless the temperature is changed or a catalyst
is added. Only materials that appear in the rate law, in this case NO2, will affect the
rate. Adding NO2 would increase the rate, and removing NO2 would decrease the
rate. CO has no effect on the rate.

3. B—The half-life is 0.693/k = 0.693/0.049 s−1 = 14 s. (It is possible to get this answer
by rounding the values to 0.7/0.05 s−1.) The time given, 28 s, represents two half-lives.
The first half-life uses one-half of the beryllium, and the second half-life uses one-half
of the remaining material, so only one-fourth of the original material remains.

4. B—Slow reactions have high activation energies. Low activation energies are typical
of fast reactions. A catalyst will increase the rate of a reaction. Increasing the
temperature will increase the rate of a reaction.

5. A—Add the two equations together:

NO2(g) + CO(g) + NO(g) + O3(g) → NO(g) + CO2(g) + NO2(g) + O2(g)

Then cancel identical species that appear on opposite sides:

CO(g) + O3(g) → CO2 (g) + O2 (g)

 6. C—The value will be decreased by one-half for each half-life. Using the following
table:

Four half-lives = 4 (200 s) = 800 s

7. C—This is the definition of the activation energy.

8. B—The friction supplies the energy necessary to start the reaction. This energy is the
activation energy. The free energy and the heat of reaction for the reaction deal with
the reactants and products. It is necessary to deal with the reactants and transition
state (activated complex), which are separated by the activation energy.

9. C—Beginning with the generic rate law, Rate = k[CO]m [Cl2]n, it is necessary to
determine the values of m and n (the orders). Comparing experiments 2 and 3, the
rate doubles when the concentration of CO is doubled. This direct change means the
reaction is first order with respect to CO. Comparing experiments 1 and 3, the rate
doubles when the concentration of Cl2 is doubled. Again, this direct change means
the reaction is first order. This gives Rate = k[CO]1 [Cl2]1 = k[CO] [Cl2].

10. C—The compound appears in the rate law, so a change in its concentration will
change the rate. The reaction is first order in (CH3)3CBr, so the rate will change
directly with the change in concentration of this reactant.

11. B—All substances involved, directly or indirectly, in the rate-determining step will
change the rate when their concentrations are changed. The ion is required in the
balanced chemical equation, so it cannot be a spectator ion, and it must appear in the
mechanism. Catalysts will change the rate of a reaction. Since H+ does not affect the
rate, the reaction is zero order with respect to this ion.

12. D—The rate law depends on the slow step of the mechanism. The reactants in the
slow step are Cl and CHCl3 (one of each). The rate law is first order with respect to
each of these. The Cl is half of the original reactant molecule Cl2. This replaces the [Cl]
in the rate law with [Cl2]1/2. Do not make the mistake of using the overall reaction to
predict the rate law.
13. A—Carbon monoxide, CO, does not appear in the rate law. Since it does not appear
in the rate law, changing the concentration of CO will not change the rate of the
reaction.
14. B—The higher I2 concentration will increase the value of the rate and give a higher
apparent k. This k is higher than the true k.

15. A—Add the equations and cancel anything that appears on both sides of the
reaction arrows.

16. C—Ternary steps, steps involving three molecules, are very unlikely in mechanisms.
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