ERINAH QUESTIONS

1. Answer item (i) – (x) by choosing the letter of the most correct answer and write in the box
provided using CAPITAL letter:

i. The correct systematic (IUPAC) name for the molecule below is:

H CH2CH3
C=C
CH3 H

A. Cis-3-pentene
B. Trans-2-pentene
C. Trans-2-propene
D. Cis-2-pentene
E. Cis-1-methyl-1-butene

ii. Which of the following is the general formula of the alkynes?

A. CNHN
B. CNH2N+2
C. CNH2N-1
D. CNH2N
E. CNH2N-2

iii. Which of the following reactions will reacts readily with both aldehydes and ketones?
A. Fehling’s reagent
B. Tollen’s reagent
C. Schiff’s reagent
D. Organolithium reagents
E. Grignard reagent

iv. The reaction between an acid and alcohol produces an ester and:

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 A. Water
B. Carbon dioxide
C. Glycerol
D. Ethanol
E. Ketone

v. The relationship between the following two structures is:

CH3 CH3

H OH HO H

H OH HO OH

CH3 CH3

A. Enantiomers
B. Diastereomers
C. Structural isomers
D. Identical
E. Isomers

vi. The minimum number of carbons necessary for hydrocarbon to form a branch
structure is :
A. 4
B. 6
C. 3
D. 5
E. 8

vii. Structural modification of carboxylic acid function group of aspirin may help in:
A. Reducing fever
B. Reducing pain
C. Inflammation in the body
D. GI toxicity
E. Reducing arthritis and minor injuries

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viii. How many isomers of C2H2Cl2 have a net dipole moment?
A. None
B. 1
C. 2
D. 3
E. It is impossible to tell without more information

ix. Which of the following compounds does not contain a C=O bond?
A. Aldehydes
B. Amides
C. Ketones
D. Esters
E. Ethers

x. A long chain protein is an example of a:

A. Fat
B. Lipid
C. Monomer
D. Polymer
E. Isomer

SECTION B: MULTIPLE TRUE / FALSE QUESTION 20

MARKS

Instructions
 This section consist of four (8) questions with five (5) option each.
 Write the word “TRUE” for a correct statement and the word “FALSE” for incorrect
statement in the space provided before each options
 All responses should be in CAPITAL letters
 Half (1/2) a mark will be awarded for each correct response
 Responses with letters “T” and “F” will not be awarded any mark
 There will be a penalty of half (1/2) of allocated mark for correct responses with small
letters

1. Which statement about hydrocarbons is false?

A. The smallest alkane to have structural (constitutional) isomers has 4 carbon atoms …
F…
B. Alkanes can be produced by hydrogenating alkenes …F……

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 C. Cyclic alkanes are structural isomers of alkenes …F….
D. Alkenes undergo addition reactions …F……..
E. Alkanes are more reactive than alkenes ……T…

2. Nucleophilic addition reactions of Aldehydes and Ketones:

A. Grignard additions to form acids ………F…………………
B. Addition of water (hydration) to form gem-diols ……T…….
C. Addition of alcohols to form acetals/ketals ……T…………..
D. Addition of HCN to form cyanohydrins …………T…………
E. Addition of ammonia and ammonia derivatives ……T………..

3. Chemical Properties of Amines except:

A. They react with acids to form acid-base salts …F………….
B. They react with electrophiles in polar reactions ……F…………
C. Amines are weaker bases than alcohols, ethers or water …T……….
D. Kb (acidity constant) – used to measure the base strength of an amine …………..T
E. Simple methylated amines are prepared by reaction of NH 3 with CH3OH in the
presence of alumina catalyst ……F………

4. Structure activity relationships of penicillin:

A. Has enabled development of acid resistant drugs such as ampicillin ……
T…………….
B. Improving their spectrum of activity and bioavailability (amoxicillin) ……
T………….
C. Development of beta-lactamase resistant drugs, (oxacillin, cloxacillin) …T………..
….
D. Narrow spectrum penicillins (Carbenicillin, ureidopenicillins) ……
F………………….
E. Very little variation is possible in penicillin nucleus ………T…………………...
……..

5. Chemical Structure of Quinolones activities:

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 A. The fluoroquinolones are bactericidal antibiotics that act by specifically targeting
DNA gyrase …………T……………….
B. First-generation drugs (e.g., nalidixic acid) ……T………………..
C. Second-generation quinolones (e.g., ciprofloxacin) ……T………..
D. Third-generation drugs (e.g., levofloxacin) ………T……………..
E. Fourth-generation quinolone drugs (e.g., trovafloxacin) …T………….

6. The structural formulae for products A, B and C in the reactions below is:

A. Product A is ………T………

B. Product B is ………F…………

C. Product A is ………F…………….

D. Product B is

………T……………

E. Compound C is ……T…...........

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 7. Polymerization of Alkenes:
A. A polymer is a large molecule composed of many bigger repeating units (the
monomers) bonded together …F………….
B. Alkenes serve as monomers for some of the most uncommon polymers ………
F……
C. Alkenes generally undergo substitution polymerization ……F………..
D. Polymerization is an important industrial process to produce synthetic polymers such
as poly(ethene)=polyethene, teflon, plastic, nylon and bakelite ………T……………
E. In nature there are some natural polymers as well such as; starch, cellulose, proteins
and rubber …T…..

8. Which of the following reactions produce alcohols?

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 A……T… B……T… C………T… D……T…...……. E…….F..……

SECTION C: MATCHING ITEM

Instructions:
 This section consist of One (1) question with (2) parts of matching with five(5) option each
 Match the items from column B with those in column A by writing the letter of correct
response in the table provided after each question. USE CAPITAL LETTERS
 Each correct response is awarded one (1) mark
 Each item from column B used only once

(A) Match the uses of computers in column B with the most appropriate application software in
column A
S/N COLUMN A COLUMN B
(MEDICINE) (DISPOSAL METHOD)
I Lucas reagent A Iodine in aqueous sodium hydroxide solution

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 II Iodoform reagent B An alkaline solution of copper(II) tartrate
III Tollens’ reagent C Organomagnesium (RMgX)
IV Fehling’s solution D Ag(NH3)2+
V Grignard reagents E The reaction of a phosphorus ylide with an
aldehyde or ketone
F Character appearance
G Solution of ZnCl2 in conc. HCl
H Oxidizing agents such as acidified KMnO4 and
acidified K2Cr2O7

COLUMN A (I) (II) (III) (IV) (V)

COLUMN B G A D B C

(B) Match the meaning in column B with the most appropriate the stereochemistry of
carbonyl reduction in column A
S/N COLUMN A COLUMN B
(TERMS) (MEANING)
I Racemic A A molecule that can be superimposed on it mirror image
mixture
II Achiral B A molecule that cannot be superimposed on its mirror image
molecule
III Enantiomers C These are molecules that differ only in spatial arrangement
of their atoms
IV Stereo D Molecule that rotates the plane polarized light to the right
isomers
V Chiral E Three dimension arrangement of atoms in the molecules and
molecule the effect of this on reactions
F Mixture containing unequal amounts of the stereo isomers
G Mixture containing equal amounts of the stereo isomers
H Each of a pair of molecules that are mirror images of each
other

COLUMN A (I) (II) (III) (IV) (V)

COLUMN B G A H C B

SECTION D: SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONS

Instructions:
 This section consists of eight (8) questions

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  Write you answers in spaces provided on each questions
 Write a readable handwrite: DIRTY WORK IS NOT ALLOWED.

7. Mention five (5) important uses of ethanol: (5marks)

I. In manufacturing paints and varnishes
II. As a constituent of alcoholic beverages
III. Ether, chloroform, iodoform and other organic compounds
IV. In alcohol thermometers and spirit levels
V. In the manufacture of chemical dyes
VI. As a solvent in the manufacture of transparent soaps
VII. As a fuel
VIII. Disinfectants and antiseptic, Used to synthesize other organic compounds e.g.
plastic
IX. Fungicides, Cosmetics, Used to make vinegar
X. Ethanol is useful as a preservative when it is used as a solvent. It needs a
relatively high concentration (> 10%) to be effective.
XI. Propylene glycol also used as a solvent in oral solutions and topical
preparations. It can function as a preservative in the range of 15 to 30%. It is
not volatile like ethanol
XII. Ethanol is usually sold as industrial methylated spirits

8. An organic compound A with the formula C2H6O gives the compound B with the same
number of carbon atoms when oxidized, which further undergoes oxidation to acetic acid.
I. Identify the compound A
(4marks)
Compound A is ethanol (C2H5OH). It undergoes oxidation to give acetaldehyde
(CH3CHO) with the same number of carbon atoms. Acetaldehyde further
undergoes oxidation to give acetic acid (CH3COOH), again with the same number
of carbon atoms.

II. List two uses of compound Ethanoic acid (1mark)

Used in the manufacture of:
 Dyes, perfumes and rayons
 Rubber from latex and casein from milk. (It is used for coagulation)
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09. Why do soaps not give lather with hard water?
(5marks)

 Hard water contains dissolved impurities like salts of calcium chloride, calcium
sulphate or calcium carbonate (bicarbonate) and corresponding salts of
magnesium. When soap is added to hard water it reacts with the calcium and
magnesium salts present in it and forms an insoluble white curd like precipitate of
calcium or magnesium stearate.

 These impurities do not allow the soap to lather but instead form insoluble scum.
Until all the calcium and magnesium ions precipitate from such water, soap will not
produce lather with it. Thus, a part of the soap is wasted and washing becomes
wasteful.

10. a) Draw the structural formulae of all straight-chain carbonyl compounds having the
molecular formula C5H10O and give their IUPAC names.
(3marks)

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 b) Explain why there is no such a compound called “ethanone”.
(2marks)

 Ketones are compounds with the group situated between two carbon
chains. Therefore, the simplest ketone is the one with three carbon atoms.
“Ethanone”, however, suggests that there are two carbon atoms in it and it does
not exist.

11. What are the different types of covalent bonds found in carbons compounds? Briefly explain
with examples. (5marks)

There are three classes of covalent bonds, mainly found in hydrocarbons

compounds of the aliphatic type:
I. Alkanes :
These hydrocarbons have a single covalent bond between the 'C' atoms
throughout the molecule i.e., only one pair of electrons is shared between
any two carbon atoms.
Examples: C2H6, C3H8, C4H10 ………… [- C-C-]

II. Alkenes :
These are aliphatic hydrocarbons in which at least one pair of 'C' atoms are
linked by a double bond in the molecule.

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 Examples: C2H4, C3H6, C4H8…… … [ C=C ]
III. Alkynes:
These are aliphatic hydrocarbons in which at least one pair of 'C' atoms are
linked by a triple bond in the molecule
Examples: C2H2, C3H4, C4H6 ……….. [ - C= C- ]

12. Give a simple chemical test that can distinguish between the compounds in each of the
following pairs:
(5marks)
a) Ethanol and methoxymethane
b) Propan-1-ol and propene
c) Propan-1-ol and propan-2-ol
d) Pentan-3-ol and pentan-2-ol
i. Sodium reacts with ethanol to give hydrogen gas while methoxymethane
does not.
ii. Propene decolourizes bromine in 1,1,1-trichloroethane while propan-1-ol
does not.
iii. On the addition of Lucas reagent, propan-2-ol will give a cloudy appearance
in a shorter time than propan-1-ol.
iv. On the addition of iodine in sodium hydroxide, pentan-2-ol will give a yellow
precipitate (due to the formation of iodoform) while pentan-3-ol will not.

13. For each of the following hydroxy compounds:

a) Draw the complete structural formula
(4marks)
b) Classify them as primary, secondary or tertiary alcohols
(1mark)
i. Hexan-3-ol
ii. 3-Methylbutan-1-ol
iii. 2-Methylcyclopentanol
iv. Methylpropan-2-ol

Hexan-3-ol (20 alcohol) 3-Methylbutan-1-ol (10 alcohol)

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 2-Methylcyclopentanol (20
alcohol)

14. a) Mention five(5) physical properties of alkanes

(2.5marks)
I. Nonpolar
II. Insoluble in water.
III. Lower density than water.
IV. Low boiling and melting points.
V. Gases with 1-4 carbon atoms- (methane, propane, butane)
VI. Liquids with 5-17 carbon atoms - (kerosene, diesel, and jet fuels)
VII. Solids with 18 or more carbon atoms- (wax, paraffin, Vaseline)

a) List three (3) types elimination reactions can alkane undergone (1.5marks)
i. Dehydrogenation
ii. Dehydrohalogenation
iii. Dehydration

b)Choose one of them in 14(b) above and show the chemical reactions involved. Do not name
any product (1mark)
Dehydrogenation

HH

H-C-C-H H2C=CH2 + H2

HH

Halogenation

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CH4 + Cl2 HCl + H3C Cl
chlormethane
Heat/hv

Dehydration

HH

H-C-C-H H2C=CH2 + H2O

H OH Acid, heat

SECTION E: GUIDED ESSAY QUESTIONS 20MARKS

Instructions
 This section consists of two (2) question which are supposed to be answered in a narrative
way
 Bulleting and numbering is NOT ALLOWED
 Write your answer on the empty pages of this question paper
 Each question should start on a new pages.

15. Briefly explain five (5) characteristics of homologous series (10marks)

Introduction 1.5marks

 A homologous series is a series of compounds that have the same functional

group, and each member differs from the next member by a – CH2 – unit in
their formulae.

Properties (5points @ 1.5marks)

i. Members of the same family have a general formula. For e.g., for alkanes the
general formula is CnH2n+2, for alkenes the general formula is CnH2n; for
alkyne the general formula is CnH2n-2
ii. They have common methods of preparation
iii. Their chemical properties are similar
iv. Their physical properties like colour, solubility, density, melting and boiling
points etc. are graded.
v. Each member differs from the next by a CH2 moiety in its formula

Conclusion 1mark

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The extremely large numbers of carbon compounds discovered so far are better and more
systematically studied by classifying them into homologous series as a single family

16. Describe importance and factors affecting of biotransformation of drugs. In case mention
atleast four (4) reasons (10marks)

Introduction (1 mark)

 Biotransformation is Chemical alteration of the drug in body that converts non-

polar or lipid soluble compounds to polar or lipid insoluble compounds.
OR
 Biochemical alteration of chemicals such as (but not limited to) nutrients, amino
acids, toxins, and drugs in the body
Main Body
Importance (4points @ 1mark)
i. Biotransformation is vital to survival because it transforms absorbed
nutrients (food, oxygen, etc.) into substances required for normal body
functions
ii. Drugs are made to be more water soluble ready for renal excretion
iii. For some pharmaceuticals, it is a metabolite that is therapeutic and not the
absorbed drug
a. For Example, phenoxybenzamine, a drug given to relieve
hypertension caused by pheochromocytoma, a kind of tumor, is
biotransformed into a metabolite, which is the active agent
iv. Biotransformation also serves as an important defence mechanism since toxic
xenobiotics and body wastes are converted into less harmful substances and
substances that can be excreted from the body

Factors affecting ( 4points @ 1mark)

i. Physicochemical property of drug:
a. Induction of drug metabolizing enzyme
b. Inhibition of drug metabolizing enzyme
c. Environmental chemicals
ii. Biological factors:
a. Species differences
b. Strain differences
c. Sex differences
d. Pharmacogenetics – genetic differences in metabolic pathways
affecting individual responses to drugs effects
iii. Age
iv. Diet

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 v. Altered pharmacologic factors:
a. Pregnancy
b. Hormonal imbalance.
c. Disease state

Conclusion (1mark)
 Biotransformation helps organic compounds to be water soluble in hence be
readily excreted renally

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