IRC: 18.2000 DESIGN CRITERIA FOR SED CONCRETE ROAD BRIDGES (POST-TENSIONED CONCRETE) PRESTRE! (Third Revision) THE INDIAN ROADS CONGRESS 2000RC: 182000 DESIGN CRITERIA FOR PRESTRESSED CONCRETE ROAD BRIDGES (POST-TENSIONED CONCRETE) (Phird Revision) abled by ‘THE INDIAN ROADS CONGRESS (as packing & posiage)smc: 182000 Reprinted Repened Repent ‘Second Revision Reprint Reprinted Repines December, 1965 Octber,i969 February, 1978 Sanwa 977 Jay, 198 (nh Notions and ui per IRC 71) November, 1985 September, 1990 December 1997 (with test amendments) (cider, 2000 September, 2002 (th est amendens) (Rights of Publication and of Tramlation oe reserved) ‘Printed De Ky ites, New Deli 0015 1000 Capi» Sepeber 2002, Re CONTENTS. Composition of Bridge Spcitstons & Standards Commitee Notatons Clase No, Tateduton se Concrete onde aod Fores Suge Pretessag Pemmistible Scenes in Premensing Sel Secon Properties Mods of sty Lowes fa Petes ‘Uimue Steg Colsiston of Ultimate Seenth Shear and Torsion Minima Reinforcement {Cover and Spacing of Pretesing Stel End Bloke ‘Thickenlog of Webs of Gieders [Anchonge of Cables snd Seeing Spay of Cables in Plan and Minima Radius of (Cbs in Elevaton Sender Beans Energon CablesStands ‘Storage an Handing of Pressing Materia Prestesing Operation Grostng of Cables Appenices ‘Teron Shexting Ducts ‘essen Corugaed HDPE Sheathing Dots Speifcaton fr Sheathing Dut Joins Recommended Pacice fr Stages etd Handling of Prestesing Material Recommended Pracice fr Prestessing Operations Recommended Practice fer Grouting of Port Tensoned Cable in Presresed Concrete Bodget age No. oom GyreIRC: 1.2000 MEMBERS OF THE BRIDGE SPECIFICATIONS AND ‘STANDARDS COMMITTEE, (eon 7.1299) 1 Riana DR) 8 A Sot, May of ut amt (meer (hea ings ame Bway Ren O00) 2 Methetiagaena) {vente sy oui rsp Een Menor) (on Wing pr han ee 60) a. SSSI”? Mine Br, fe Sr a, 4+ mo:rnr En Si, Se Eg tes C39 Pe 5 Nin et ‘ecu A Stay Ra) 3, Nida gen a we rae “ea Abt Mena Co, A, Such Pat IEE A Rowe Uae Ram ts on 1 NR Sate Be tage (0, heya Sate spe as Wag Tao Denner bh 0 8 mea te ‘a dee Bone ml au Rar aie, 0 % CH Almada ‘Charman A Maran. Dicer (STUP Comans Li {toc hat Chinen 3 Nema Foe Mem 1m osx rar Pi, a of Eee Ee, (avs of 1 Mx Bago Coser Eng Cintas (La Fs 2 PDW Smt han Pa ec Comminion, ik of rer 1B; Mime ea nL, am Howe 1 Niki ‘oe er ee Com 1 Maatris gig Die nan ea (La, 17, 1 oeTx stein Garman Crna Cone i 2 Flo ky 9 AK ia Extent (845), Rosh Dip & Se ‘rpm noe sat 28 AD Nain ‘Dien ln erp) & AMM So, MOST (heh Te Sor 8 woe 21 VR i Stes Da Get BER, BO) egg pon Tem ar rete! hPa Kor Dat "Sal cd an an A Sey Nay bates Tena ome: 18.2000 2 PK Sar it et, PO a) An, #0. Cain 4 snTate ‘San aa FD at 2 Pt Paar Mog, ‘py obra Wt hams es The Sey te an Ra epee Goeareea” Revs da fe onngeti10 ‘Recher (De Ra Mery ao gh rom Sas oan Sens ist ‘BeChet tine Ga Ra os open er Rl Ba Mebovieninchid (Reston) Manis FWD. BAR, Scr? Shapetions “eit Gent_ Ca ae Wee Dn, Nin hn ev De ‘wera ‘Recher ts Wag New eh ‘Recor eapaos (Ce Bhan) mayo See Toe a (ier gmap hee De ‘ReDim Fie Rena Sa Sa Pl and, ‘er Hate fin Mt ho, a “he Ch tener 080 Me ae Won pas Bp ‘he Cal pee O00 UP PD Lane ‘Re Cut apne 00 aj PH, BAR Deh, ane ExOffcle Members a Rj Tein capes Fae Da 0, {fonBowane) BORD) hl, uy Gt of aa, Say oS mo an Win. “angen es ew Das 0" Seem SC Sam, Tamed conee Seg, iy of te mgr nde Wa) ‘Sangre, ew eo Corresponding Members NV Me Tere ah 1 A Ne parse (acre Hs Conan Co Vino ince La ane Se Mary ‘im m0 en SES Ee moe 5 z zg 5, os IRC: 182000 NOTATIONS ‘ret of High Tense Set ‘Area o longa! reinfocement Crossctnal es of two Tos of isk ‘Aen of cones tel ‘ret enclosed y the ert Hie of meters forming box Bearing rx of he anchorage coavered in shape wa sq of cguivalent aes “Maximum are of the gute tat an be contained within he rember witout oveaping the coweponding es of he fijacent anchorages, and conic WR the Dearing re A ‘Wich ofa rectangle section or 1b ofa Tee, Lo / beam Side of anchor pate With of tang of Te o beam (Overt depth ofthe pie eased for top of deck sb to the roti of per Depth ofthe ier fom the maxima compresion edge othe entre of gravity of the tenons Diameter of pesrening wren Dept om erteme copresion re either the oan! tart or th seni of he tends, whichever ix reer Modulus of Elsi of concrete at 28 day Modul of Elatietyof estesing sel ‘Modulus of Basisy of Concrete tj dye G28 dy) ‘Base of Nepean Logins ‘Bursting tne force in end Nock ‘Average compresiv sues ia earl comprenve zone ‘Acad concrete cube suengh at day sujet aia wate off G28) (Chance compresive strength of 15 cm euber a 28 ye ‘Compressive sett cesiidl as due wo preues taken st pine Permissible conpresive contact sess in concrete inching ny prevailing sess as inthe case ofntermedate anchorages Ultimate tense seg of pressing see! ‘Sess dato peste only athe eile ibe tance om the cena ofthe concrete resin wyEEgETT rppe SSS oa AS AAAS So ee gen. 1.2000 “Maximum pacts sess in conte ¥, The caacesie sng ofthe vteasone se ‘Yield sues oflacptutnal re in compreson Yield strength of longituialrenfrcoment or 02 oot ese wich shoal be ken ao reser tan 415 MPL Yield tengo inka lforcement 2p et poo ress which shouldbe taken us nt greater than 418 MP Dead load Exper dimension of te section Sale dimension ofthe section ‘Wal icknea of members fbx ston whee tsoal ress is dremined Second moment of ae ofthe section Wobble co-ticem pir mete length of preesing see Lang of specimen ‘Bending masment a the ecton ‘Mega Pascale Crating momeat at th cont set considered ‘Moneat of son under timate loa conion ‘Name of test steagh resus 7 ‘ad in tendon oo Design ve loud iocating impact pot ‘Sander deviation (Sample) ‘ Superimposed dea loud Spacing of comers, ink spacing slong Be length of « member “Torsional moment de timate Toads Thiele of ange ofa Tee eam Shear force atthe section considered under wtimate fat, sal Yume of water Premeared quantity of water Balance guanty of wate It Urine shear reine of a cones sein ‘Ultimate shear resistance oft once secon ancracked in fesse ‘Volume of shenthing sample wed in wae lot sty Uline shear restance of aveoncrcte secon, caked Sa ‘enue st » 1c: 18-2000 ‘onvioal shear ss in cuneree seston uplo wich 0 {orion riforcement i required ‘Torso shear atest a soon ‘Utne torn ber Hest a eon istics in mee between poi of aperaton of ope and pe o ‘Smaller dimension of Hinks memued between cents of lps ‘Tena five dance Fam the cenod ofthe concrete seton ‘Side of lade sea of end Weck T Sie of end ook, + Larges dimension of links measured between cones of legs Deviation of individual test sungth fm the average test sength of fest eng seule Covent of fst between cable and duct [Cumulative angle in radian though which the tangent 10 the table profi has red betwen the points of operation of p> te pots) Sting eviaon (popuition) Sel seta be jacking end Stl Sees at pot, ditt x fm he aking end Teteral soa deh of sheathing ”ec 18.2000 1. yTRODUCTION ‘The Design Criteria for Prestressed Concrete Road Bridges (Post-Tensioned Concrete) was fist published in Decembes 1965, To cater for the technological developments which were ‘taking place in course of time, the Criteria were examined by the ‘Technial Committees ofthe IRC and revited in 1977 and 1985 in the light of their recommendations. In the light of further developments in the field of prestressed concrete, the task of reviewing the criteria and ‘carrying out required revisions was entrusted to the Committee for Reinforced, Prestressed and Composite Concrete. (B-6) consisting of the folowing personne! ina Kosi Conener AN. Dbodapiae 2 Member Sertary MEMBERS NK Sih Joe Karen 8. Jopekar PY Manure De TN Sith Rao ‘AS. Pads Rao Mik. Mhesee RA. Caudhary De, NG. Temankar GR Haas Shine Sara DD. Shama Mabe Tandon Digeor & Hen, Chil Eoge. SA Redd ‘Brea of Idan Sundar ‘abot Base (Vinod Kurs) 1. Vinwantan| EX-OFFICIO MEMBERS President RC ono) (CB. sors) (Pra Kum) Sere, IRC (SC Shama) ‘CORRESPONDING MEMBER PS. TyanRc: 182000 1. NTRoDUCTION ‘The Design Criteria for Prestressed Concrete Road Bridges (Post-Tensioned Concrete) was fist published in December, 1965, To cater forthe technological developments which were ‘taking place in course of time, the Criteria were examined by the ‘Technieal Committees ofthe IRC and revised in 1977 and 1985 inthe light of their recommendations. In the light of further developments in the field of prestressed concrete, the task of reviewing the criteria and ‘carrying out required revisions was entrusted to the Committee for Reinforced, Prestressed and Composite Concrete. (B-6) ‘consisting ofthe following personne! inan Kosi Conner AN. Died Member Sere MEMBERS Nx. Site Jose Karen 8. Jopekar PY Manure De TN Sith Rao ‘AS: Pad Rao Mik. Mhesee RA. Cuudhay De, NG. Tambankar GR Hanes Shine Sara DD. Stam Mabes Tandon Digctor & Head, Cil Boge. SA Redd ‘urea of Indian Sundar Dabok K Bast (Vinod Kurs) 7. Viewantan| EXOFFICIO MEMBERS President IRC oD) (EB. Rae) (Pfs Kum) Secreta, IRC (SC Shama) ‘CORRESPONDING MEMBER PS. Tyagi‘The amendments as finalised by this Committee were considered and approved by the Bridge Specifications and Standards Committe in their meeting held at New Delhi on 7k December, 1999 and later approved by the Exeeutive Commitee in their meeting held at New Delhi on 14th December, 1999, ‘The draft amendments were diseussed and approved by the Couneil of the Indian Roads Congress at the 157th Council “Meeting held at Madurai on 4th January, 2000. I was also decided tha the document would be published sa fully revised Criteria after incorporating all the amendments The object of issuing this publication is to establish a ‘common procedure forthe design and construction of Prestressed ‘Concrete Road Bridges in India. The publication is meant 10 serve as a guide to both the design engineers and the ‘constriction engineers but compliance with the provisions therein doesnot relieve them in any way of the responsibility for ‘the stability, soundness and safety of the structures designed and ‘erected by them. The design and construction of road bridges require aa ‘extensive and thorough knowledge of science and technique involved and should be entrusted only to specially qualified engineers with adequate experience of bridge engineering, capable of ensuring careful execution of work 2. SCOPE These Criteria cover the design aspects for prestressed concrete (post-tensioned) road bridges (determinate structures ‘only). These are not applicable tothe design of members which fare subjected to direct compression like piers. IRC: 182000 34. Cemen Any of the following shall be used wit prior approval of ‘the competent authority (3) Owinay Portand Cement conforming wo 1S: 269 (0) igh Strength Potand Cement confooing to IS: 8112 (2) Ordinary Poland Cement conforming to 15:12269 (Grae 53) (@) Supe Resistant Portland Cement conforming to 11230, 3.2. Aggregates All coarse and fine aggregates shall conform to 1S:383 and tests for conformity shall be carried out as per 1S:2386 Parts I ‘0 Vill 32.1, Coarse aggregate 321.1. Coarse aggregate shall consist of clean, hard, strong, dense non-porous and durable pices of crushed stone, crushed gravel, natural gravel or suitable combination thereof ‘oF other approved inert material I shall not contain pieces of disintegrated stones, sof, flaky elongated particles, salt alkali, ‘vegetable matter or ther deleterious materials in such quantities 5 to reduce the strength or durability of the concrete, or 19 stack the embedded stel ‘The nominal maximum size of ageregates shall usually be restricted to 10 mum less than the minimum clear distance between individual cables or individual untensioned sect feinforcement or 10 mm less than the minimum cover to ‘untensionedstel reinforcement, whichever is smaller. A nominal size of 20 mm coarse aggregates shall generally be considered satisfactory for prestressed concrete workIRC: 1.2000 3.22. _ Fine aggregates : Fine aggregates shall conform to Clause 302.33 of IRC. 33, Water ‘Water used for mixing and curing shall be in conformity with Clause 302.4 of IRC:21 34, Admixtures may be used in conformity with Clause 302.2 of IRC21 35. Steel 35. The prestressing steel shall be any of the following: (6) Phin hard rvs! wie conforming 11S: 1788 (Par 1 and 1521785 (Pat (0) Cold den nde wie conforming 1 1:6003 (6) igh tensile el bar conforming t 182000 ()Uncoutl stesteleved sand eaofrming #186005, and (6) Uncoutd ates rene low relaraton sel conforming 0 Data in respect of modulus of elasticity, relaxation loss at 1000 hr., minimum ultimate tensile strength, stress-strain curve et, shall necessarily be obtained from manufacturers. Prestressing stce shall be subjected to acceptance tests prior to actual use on the works (guidance may be taken from BS:447). The modulus of elasticity value, as per acceptance tests, shall conform to the ‘design value which shall be within a range not more than S per ‘cent between the maximum and minimum, 352. Untensioned steel : Reinforcement used as untensioned steel shall be any ofthe following (3) Mid se! and media eases bars conform 16432 ent) RC: 18.2000 ©) High seegihdefomed steal hrs conforming 0 1:1786 and (2) Hard dawn see wie iri conforming 1 1:56. ‘The reinforcement bars bent and fixed in position shall be five from must or scales, chloride contamination and other corrosion products. Where cleaning of corroded portions is required, effective method of cleaning such as sand blasting shall be adopted 3.53. Prestressing accessories like jacks, anchorage, wedges, block plates, te. being patented items shall be obtained ‘rom authorised manufacturers ony. The prestressing components and accessories shall be subjected to an acceptance test prio t their actual use on the works (guidance may be taken from BS:4447), 36, Sheathing Ducts ‘The sheathing ducts shall be either in mild steel as per the sub-clause 3.6.1 of in HDPE as per sub-clause 3.62. They shall beim as long lengths as practical from handling and transportation considerations without getting damaged. They shall conform to the requirements specified in Appendix-IA/IB and a test certificate shall be famished by the manufacturer. The tests specified in Appendix-1B are to be performed as part of ‘additional acceptance tests for prestressing systems employing ‘comigated HDPE sheathing ducts and are not meant for routine site testing purposes, 36.1. MS sheathing duets 361.1. Unless otherwise svecified, the material shall be Cold Rolled Cold Annealed (CRCA) Mild Steel intended for mechanical treatment and surfice refining but not for quench hardening or tempering.Rc: 18.2000 3.6.1.2. ‘The material shall be clean and foe from rst and. ‘ormally of bright metal finish, However, in case of use in aggressive environment galvanised or lead coated mild steel Strips shall be adopted 3.6.13, The thickness of metal sheathing shall not be less than 0.3 mm, 0.4 mm and 0.5 mm for sheathing duets having intemal diameter upto 50 mam, 75 mm and 90 mm respectively For bigger diameter of dues, thickness of sheathing shall be based on recommendations of prestressing system supplier. 3.6.14. The sheathing shall conform tothe requirements specified in Appendix-14 and atest certificate shal be furnished by the manufacturer 3.61.5. The joints of all sheathing shall be water tight and conform fo the provisions contained in Appendix-2, 3.62. Corrugated HDPE sheathing ducts 3.62.1. Unless otherwise specified, the material forthe ‘ducts shall be high-density polyethylene with more than 2 per cent carbon black to provide resistance to ultraviolet degradation and shall have the following properties Specific Deny 0956 gem’ at 290 Yield Sexe 180 Nim? ‘Tense Senet 210 Nin ‘Shore Hardness DS se, vale | tise vue | St Notch impact seeogth at 26 | 10 bin? Are i Adin? Cocfcet of Thema! Expansion fc 200 "BOC 1.50x 10+? 3.62.2. The thickness of the wall shall be 23 + 0.3 mm 1s manufactured and 1.5 mm after los inthe compression test, for duet size upto 160 mm OD. IRC: 18.2000 3.62.3. The ducts shall be corrugated on both sides. The iets shall tansmit fll tendon stength from the tendon tothe surrounding conerete over a length not greater than 40. duct siameters 3.62.4. These ducts shall be joined by adopting any one ‘or more of the following methods, a¢ convenient {0 suit the individual requirements ofthe location, subject to the satisfactory Pressure tests, before adoption. Screwed together with le sd female heads + oining wih thick walled HDPE sik coupes with ee. This an alo be ued for connection with txpet ee + Weling wit loots coupes ‘The joints shall be able to withstand an internal pressure of 0.5 bar for S minutes as per test procedure given in Append 14, 4 CONCRETE, Concrete shall be in accordance with Clause 302.6 of IRc2i ‘5 LOADS AND FORCES 5.1. The loads and forces and load combinations as per IRC.6-1966 and as applicable forthe given structure shall be duly aecounted for 5.2. All etitical loading stages shall be investigated. The stages stated below may normally be investigated Suge pressing i) Consrution suger including tempera lang, anspor ning and erection or any occasional lis that may ost hing loeehing of idem cling pac i anyie: 182000 (i) The design loads as per load combination of 5.1 above including the following csr sages (@) Seve Dead Louth Pree with il lowes, (@) Service Dand Lond Live Loads Pretest wit full ots (is) For the cambination of loads with differential temperate ‘tient fet, mau 30 per cent five load tall Be ensiered and say tne eet sbll be taken ome of By provising sequstety donned unesvoned eel bet fe nck ih ine pte 9 RET hl py However inthe eae of precast septal consrstion tein stl be pemited under ths lad cumbnaton. (0) Urination, a per Chase 12. 6. STAGE PRESTRESSING ‘Stage presttessing is permissible, The number of stages of prestessing and grouting shall be reduced to the minimum, preferably not more than 2. However, concrete shall have tained a strength of not less than 20 MPa before any Prestressing i applied, 2. PERMISSIBLE STRESSES 1 CONCRETE 2. Permiible Temporary Stress ta Conerte ZAL1 These sess cleat afi acon for uM npopat es, earn tthe ge of conan, pe Cine Th 1112, The compresive sess produced du 1 ning mentioned in Cse 32 (i shal not enced 0. hich shall fore moc thr 20 Ma, whee fs be cone sangha thartine sijelo & msioum vals off ke: 18.2000 7.413, tall transfer the cube stength of concrete shall not be less than 0.8 f.. Temporary compressive stess in the extreme fre of concrete (including stage prestressing) shall not exceed 0.50 f, subject to a maximum of 20 MPa, 7.14. ‘The temporary tensile stresses in the extreme fibres of concrete shall not exceed I/10th of the permissible temporary compressive stress inthe concrete 72. Permissible Stress in Concrete during Service 721. The compressive stress in concrete under service loads shall not exceed 0.33 fy 722. No tensile sess shall be permitted. in. the ‘concrete during service. 723. If precast segmental elements are joined by prestessng, the stresses inthe extreme fbres of conerete during service shall always be compressive and the minimum compressive stress in an extreme fibre shall not be less than five per cent of maximum permanent compresive stress that may be eveloped in the same section. This provision shall not, however, apply to cross prestressed deck slabs. 7.24. The structure shall also be checked for 20 per cent higher time dependent losses like creep, shrinkage, relaxation, ete. Under this condition, no tensile stress shall be permitted, 73. Permissible Bearing Stress Behind Anchorages, ‘The maximum allowable stress, immediately behind the anchorages in adequately reinforced end blocks may be calculatedRC: 18.2000 by the equation ere f ~ the pest compressive contit ses in conrete lncadng acy prevaing wrest in the cu of Intermediate anchariges = ‘he beanie aes ofthe ncbrage converte in shape o 2 Squte of equivalent ar ty ~ the maximum ae ofthese tat canbe cntind Wwithis the. member without overlapping, the conesponding area of adjacent ‘nchoriger, ted Eonceatic with te being ea 4, The above va of bering tess pene oly ‘tthe projection of cont ofa eat 30min whichever i more all und the anchorape, where eas shown in Fg a5 thy, 4 4 ig nc 18.2000 (i) Where embedded anchorages are provided, the ‘enforcement dei, comet sengt covet sna otc dimensions shal conor tote menace = Speciestane pci rte ‘iy The pease operating on he anchorage shal be taken ‘re lowing for lanes dc to eeep aad shane of concete an reataton of lec, bt ae along far tosses due 9 else shrening and sean orgs. 8. PERMISSIBLE STRESSES IN PRESTRESSING STEEL ‘Maximum jack pressure shall not exceed 90 per cent of 0.1% proof stress. For the purpose of this Clause 0.1% proof stress shall be taken as equal to 85% of minimum Ultimate ‘Tensile Suength (UTS), 9. SECTION PRoERTIES 9.1. For members consisting of precast as wel as east in- sit units, due consideration shall be given to the different ‘moduli of elasticity of concrete in the precast and insite Portions. 92. Openings in Concrete Section For the purpose of determining the flexural stresses both riot to and after grouting of the cables or tendons, the Properties of the section such as area, position of centroid and Moment of inertia may be based upon the full sccion of the concrete without deducting forthe atea of longitudinal openings left in the concrete for prestessing tendons, cable ducts or sheaths, No allowance forthe transformed area ofthe prestesing tendons shall, however, be made, Deduction shall be made for the holes of sransverse restressing tendons at setions where they occur, for determining the stresses before grouting of these holes,IRC: 16.2000 93. Minimum Dimensions 93.1. ‘7 beams 93.1.1, The thickness of the web shall not be less than 200 mm plus diameter of duct hole, Where cables cross within the web, suitable inrease inthe thickness over the above value shall be made, 9.3.12. The effective width ofthe flange of a 7’ beam shall conform to Clause 305.15.2 of IRC:21. 9.3.3. The minimum thickness ofthe deck slab including that at cantilever tips shall be 200 mm. 9.3.1.4, In case of mulicbeam arangemeat, t last to cross girders, one at each suppor, shall be provided. For bridges, having beam and slab type of superstructure, the number of longitudinal beams shall ot be les than 3 except fr single lane and pedestrian bridges. The depth ofthe end cross gides shall be suiaby adjusted to allow acess for proper inspection of bearings and faitate positioning of jacks for future iting ofthe super-stactue. The thickness of exoss girders shall ot be less than the minimum web thickness of longitudinal girders. 9315, Incase ofcmposteconstrcton wit prestesed concrete girders and RCC deck sab, the soft of deck lb hall bein lin withthe top of the lange ofthe girders. 932, Box girders 93.2.1, ‘The thickness of the web shall not be less than 4136 plus twice the clear cover 10 the reinforcement pls diameter ofthe duct hole where ‘dis the overall depth ofthe box ptder measured from the top ofthe deck slab to the Botom ofthe soft or 200-mm plus the diameter of duct bole, 2 RC: 16.2000 Whichever is greater. Where cables cross within the web, suitable increase inthe thickness over the above shall be made, In case of cast in sity cantilever constuction, if the prestressing cables are anchored in the web, the web shall be locally thickened to not less than 350 mm nor less than that recommended by the prestressing system manufacturer, subject to design requirement. 9.32.2. The thickness ofthe bottom flange of box gitder shall be not less than 1/20th of the clear web spacing at the junction with bottom flange or 200 mm whichever is more. For top flange minimum thickness shall be as pee Clause 9.3.1.3. 9.23. For top and bottom flange having prestessing cables, the thickness of such flange shall not be less than 150 ‘mm plus diameter of duct hole. 9.324. In box giders, effective and adequate bond and shear resistance shall be provided a the junction of te web and the slab, The slabs may be considered as an integral part of the Birder and the entire width may be assumed to be effective in ‘compression. For very short spans or where web spacing is excessive or where overhangs are excessive, analytical investigation shall be made to determine the effective ange width. 9.3.2.5. For cantilever construction, preference shall be ssiven to box type cross section with diaphragms provided at supports. Sudden change in depth of superstructure should not bbe permitted. For reducing the thermal effsct suitable ventilation should be provided in box sections. 93.2.6, Haunches of minimum size of 300 mm (horizontal) snd 150 mm (vertical) shall be provided at the four extremeRC: 182000 inner comers of the box section. For all other comers fillets of suitable size may be provided. 9.3.2.7. Tae minimum clear height inside the box girders shall be 1.$ m to facilitate inspection, 9.4, Diaphragms/Cross Girders Diaphragms shall be provided depending upon design requirements. The thickness of diaphragms shall not be less than the minimum web thickness 10. MODULI OF ELASTICITY 10.1. Modulus of Elasticity of Stee (E,) 10.1.1. For the purpose of design the following nominal values of modulus of elasticity can be assume except where the ‘manufacturers certified values or test results are available Tabet Type of weal Modus of cacy Phin tad wis (conforming 18:75 ad 15:50) nix igh tensile sel bars sled or eat ened (conforming 1152050) 20x 101 ‘Stans (cforms to 18606) 195 x 10 10.1.2, Representative values of modulus of elastieity as supplied by the manufacturers or as per test results based on one test of 3 samples for every lot of 10 tonnes or par thereof shall bbe used for verification of the elongation calculations, 102. Modulus of Elasticity of Concrete (E) Unless otherwise determined by tests, the modulus of lastcty, £, of concrete shall be assumed to have a value ‘The value of the modulus of etastityE, of the concrete 4 days may be taken to be, eon FZ 11, LOSSES IN PRESTRESS Decrease in presiress in steel due to fiction, seating of anchorages and elite shortening shall be deemed tobe instan- taneous, while that due to ereep, shrinkage and relaxation of| steel is time dependant. Both losses shall be caleulated on the following bass ILL Blastie Shortening ‘The loss due to elastic shortening of concrete shall be computed based on the sequence of tensioning. However, for design purposes, the resultant Toss of prestress im tendons tensioned one by one may be caleulated on the basis of half the product of modular ratio and the sess in concrete adjacent 10 the tendons averaged along the length. Altematvey the loss of prestess may be computed exactly based on sequence steessing 112, Creep of Concrete The strain due to creep of concrete shall be taken as specified in Table 2IRC: 182000 Table? Mari of const athe tine Creep sla per 10 MP Rc: 18.2000, Tabled “Age of cont at he tne ‘Sein die w esi tong to potas oFrewson ye age : 7 Tino ie oan ; sie . dane: " Banos * eeeicl 2 20x 10+ . S6xi0: FH ions 4 ag * shies 108 40x 108 ‘Notes: () Valves for intermediate figures for any age of concrete may be Notes: () The cee stain ding any interval may be ake ate saa dus Wo 8 surind ste eal the ainsi mean of Be Inia and the a es curing diag that ee, (i) The woes fr the calelton of the oe det exp sal be taken theses in once atthe onto of he presesing ste Vadaon im ses if ay, along te conoid of he [essing sec, may be counted fe. (iy Values of excep sea for itermedinteDigures forte maturity of conerateat the ie of eenng maybe iterates taking ‘ina vaciton between te vac given above. (iv) The above vac a or Orsay Penland Comer. 113. Shrinkage of Conerete ‘The loss in prestress in tel, due to shrinkage of eonerete shall be estimated from the values of stain due to residual shrinkage given in Table 3, 114, Relaxation of Steet Relaxation of steel shall invariably be verified by testing t0 ascertain conformance to the respective codes for prstressing Intersed ning a nest vation benren the values pen. (Gi) The shove ae for Oxinary Pornd Cement. steel as per Clause 35.1. For calculation of permissible temporary siess in concrete as per Clause 7.1 losses due to ‘relaxation of soc! shall be taken in accordance with Table 4A and 4RFor ealelation of stress in service condition, long term relaxation loss values occuring at about 0.5x10* hours shall be considered, which shall be taken as 3 times the 1000 hour value given in Table 4A, Tabtesa Relation lt a 1000 ours t 20°C 2°C (a of nis) Taal aver ‘Relator Tow for Relation ose ‘Normal sation fr fw relation sel (0) sel 00) osm ° ° o8 as 125 or 50 as os 90. 4s Note: () For nemesis oer interpoltion may te done (i) = Minium Unimate Teale tess (UTS) ote1c: 18-2000 Tbteaw Renton beencen rentaton Ise tne wp 1000 tous TimeimHows 15 20 100 200 500 1000 Relsaion os 15 2538 $5 GSAS 100 of leet 1000 he 11S. Losses Due to Seating of Anchorages Depending upon the type of post tensioning, losses in prestess occur due to slip of wires, drawn of male cones, strains in anchorage, the value of which shall be as per tests of manufacturer's recommendations and duly accounted, for ‘considering reverse fiction near the anchorage ends. For this purpose the values of covefficient of fiction and wobble co- ‘efficient shall be taken same as those stipulated for postive fiction 116, Feltion Losses Steel stress in prestessng tendons o,, (x) at any distance «x from the jacking end can be calculated from the formula 2.5 5,60 U0 bs) nese, =the sel sess athe jacking end O° She bse of Npein Lopes be coeticent of ton ‘0 = the carmlave angle i ratian though which dhe target othe able profile has ured betwen he Dots of operation of adc ef He sel sess ata pin stant rom the jecking ead = the wobble eoefcient pr mete length of sel = te dstance beween pias of operation of and ‘The value of and & given in Table $ may be adopted for calculating the ftction loses. Tales Type orhigh Type of ductor Valu econmended wo be wed teal seel seat in deve pre — Wie cables ——“Beight meal 0.091, 025 Guvaoied 0086, ry ead costed 00046 bis Unlined duct in 0046 bas Uncoted ses Bright mest 0046 vas tebeved ands Guvenned = 00030, 030 ead coud 0.0030, bas Unlined duct in 0046 O50 Comugses HDPE 00020017 Does: (Values be wed in design may be alert to te values cbserved, on stsictry evidence ia suppor of sch vals. (3) For malsayer wie cables wih spacer pits proving ste separation te yale fy may be doped ene bass fsa (4) When the det of feton i ever he index of 2 be shove formula sl be negative (@) The above formula isa eter aplication and can be used for statin of fiction between ay wo pis lng the edo ‘dat fom acheter ‘The values of and kused in design shall be indicated on the drawings for guidance in selection of the material and the methods that will produce results approaching the assumed values 117, For structures constructed by segmental construction or other complex construction methods which »IRC: 182000 require accurate determination and detailed information of time dependent effects, specialist literature may be refered to. 12. ULTIMATE STRENGTH ‘A prestressed concrete structure and its constituent members shal be checked for failure conditions at an ultimate load of 1.25 G+28G +25 Q under moderate condition and 1.5 G+ 2.SG + 25 Q under severe exposure conditions where G, SG and Q éenote permanent load, superimposed dead load and live load including impact respectively. The superimposed dead load shall include dead load of precast footpath handrail, wearing course, utility services, kerbs ete. For sections, where the dead load causes effects opposite to those of live load, the sections shall also be checked for adequacy fora load of G + SG + 2.5 Q 13. CALCULATION OF ULTIMATE STRENGTH Under ultimate load conditions, the failure may either ‘occur by yielding of the stel (under-reinforced section) or by iret crushing ofthe concrete (over-reinforced section). Ultimate ‘moment of resistance of sections, under these two alternative conditions of failure shall be calculated by the following formulae and the smaller of the two values shall be taken asthe ultimate moment of resistance for design Failure by yield of stel (under-reinforced section) My= 09 4A, Whee 4, te ares of high tensile ste) Jf = wo ulimate tense enath for sel witout tie Yield point or yield ses or sce at per cet longton whichever is higher fr tes! with = efinte yield pin. 4, ~ te depth of the beam fom the maximum compresion edge to the cee of gravy ofthe see ‘endo. 0 RC: 18.2000 Non-piestressed reinforcement may be considered as contributing to the available tension for calculation of the ultimate moment of resistance in an amount equal to its area times its yield stress, provided such reinforcement is welded or tas sufficient bond under conditions of ultimate load. (Gi) Failure by erushing of concrete My= 0176 bd fy fora rectangular ston A : monarnid i+ Lovage (at) festa Whee 6 = ith eer of ah fe She width of ange of Tee beam, the tikness of floge of «Tee beam 1M, SHEAR AND TORSION 141. Shear 14.1. The ealeulations for shear are only required for the Ultimate Load, ‘At any section the ultimate shear resistance ofthe concrete ‘alone, V, shall be considered forthe section both uncracked (see ‘Clause 14.1.2) and cracked (see Clause 14.1.3) in flexure imespective of the magnitude of M, and the lesser value taken and, if necessary, shear reinforcement (see Clause 14.1.4) provided, For a cracked section, the conditions of maximum shear with co-existent bending moment and maximum bending moment with co-eistent shear shall oth be considered. a1c: 182000 The effect of the vical component ofthe bottom ange force in members of variable depth may also be considered ‘where applicable. While calculating this component the design moment to be considered shall be concomitant with the design shear foree being considered 14.1.2, Sections uneracked in flexure 14.1.2. The ultimate shear resistance of a section uncracked in flexure, V,, coresponds to tke occurrence of @ ‘maximum prinipal tensile stress, atthe centoidal axis of the section, of f= 0.24 f,, In the calculation of ¥,, the value of prestress at the centroidal axis has been taken as 08 J. The value of Vis given by 067 bd (PFOA, id oe case of tangas member an width fiber te case of, and t beams 4 ove depth ofthe member J, = maximum pial nie es given by 026 JT Zo ™ compressive sess at centodl sis ae preneess take as postive ‘Where the poston of « duct exseides wih the postion of maximum pricpal tense ses eg a ote the junction of age and we eat rppor, te vale of b sould be reduced ty te fll damneter of the Get iunpoued and by to-tids of he diet i routed, In flanged members where the centoidal axis occurs in the ‘ange, the principal tensile stess shouldbe limited to 024.7, atthe intersection of the flange and web; inthis calculation, 0.8 of the stress due to presiress a this intersection may be used in calculating V, For a section uncracked in flexure and with inclined IRC: 18.2000 tendons or vertical prestess, the component of presresing force normal to the longitudinal axis of the member may be added t0 V,, 14.1.22, For bridge decks with procast prestressed beams and castin-situ deck slab, V, ean be evaluated as given below 1M, = ultimate design moment aig on the precast section alone VE = ainsi design shear force acing onthe press ection Ip = second moment of ss of prstst ston sone J, = second moment of ses of compo schon (i), ~ Gest moment of ae above composite cenoid fr pees (4), = Gest moment of re shove ompositecenti fo compose fq = Sees compote centroid due to M, y= sess at compose contd de to peste Lo oar f= sea tempos cell duet ¥, a = BRE 0 jen set von feed ona ume sheaf wish canbe aid by he conpostesedon terete rnp tie ses at Sompoecenlé aces f= 02¢ fe 8 ag yo - TiRED 14.1.3. _ Seton racked in enue The skims shes esse ofa section cracked in eae, Vor nny be escalated wing the ego biven teow ver sr, Where d, = is the distance from the exreme compression fibre »IRC: 18.2000 to the cestid of the tendons at he section ‘resided. 1M, = inthe coking moment tthe etn considered, Mt = 0037 Jf + 08 S209 0 whic i the ass ue to pests ely at he tee Me disance fom te cent of the concrete section which has ‘eon moment of wes I Vand M = ste te thew free and coresponding bending Iroment atte son considered due to ume lone 1, = should be taken a at les thn OL bd Fe The ‘al of Y, clea parc section maybe ‘Soumed be cuss for distance equal od menses inthe. Gecton of lceasing moment ftom it putea secon. Fora section cracked in flexure and with inclined tendons, the component of prestresing forces normal to the longitudinal axis of the member should be ignored 14.14, Shear reinforcement : When ¥, the shear force ue to the ultimate load is less than V2 then no shear reinforcement need be provided. A minimum Shear reinforcement stall be provided when Vis greater than ¥./2 in the form of links such that Ay OTE, ovat Mee o ‘When the shear force V;, due to the ultimate loads exceeds V, the shear reinforcement provided shall be such that 2 sc: 182000 Where V, = the shear fret can be cated by the cone = eth yield arena ofthe ker referent 0.2 per on profess which shouldbe hen as ot greter tan 813 MPa inthe core ecto re ofthe two eg of ak isthe ink pug along te length of member isthe dep fw the eter compression She titer the lopli buts having ameter not estan te link tr ver which the ink wil pas trio ibe centid of the tendons, whichever is eer In beams, at both comers in the tensile zone, a link shall pass round a longitudinal bar, a tendon or a group of tendons having a diameter not less than the link diameter, A like shall extend as close to the tension and compression faces as possible, With due regard to cover, The links provided ata eross section Shall between them enclose all the tendons and_adltional reinforcement provided at the cross section and shall be adequately anchored, Fig. 2 (Pi). Inno case shea reinforcement provided shall be less than that required as per equation (I) above when V is greater than 1/2 ee 14.15, Maximum shear force : In no circumstances shall the shear force “I, due to ultimate loads, exceed the appropriate value given in Table 6 multiplied by bd, where 6" is as defined in sub-clause 14.12, less either the diameter of the ‘duct for ungrouted or tworthitds the diameter of the duct for ‘grouted ducts and ‘d, "isthe distance from the compression face to the centroid of the actual set area in tensile zone but not less than 0:80 times the overall depth ofthe member. ‘The shear force V should include an allowance for prestresing only for sections uncracked in flexure (see Clause 14.12).Rc: 18.2000 Connector deta tension “ftnge (bulb) of T-beam o Connector desis at junction Connector details ft intermediate web anges of box girder © Fg 2. Connector relaforcoment fr compression Nang and enon Mange 6 Re “Table 6 Maou Shear Stress os 09 8 @ Maxie “730533838 ‘Shear Ste "Noe + For inemedite vaes ner intron may be dae. 14.2. ‘Torsional Resistance of Beams 1421, General ; Torsion does not usually decide the dimensions of members, therefore, torsional design should be carried out as a check ater the flexural design, In general, where the torsional resistance oF stifiness of members has not been taken into account in the analysis of the structure no specific calculations for torsion will be necessary, adequate contro of any torsional cracking being provided by the required nominal shear reinforcement. Therefore, provisions made in the clause to be followed when the effect of torsion is appreciable ‘Altemative methods of designing members subjected to combined bending, shear and torsion could also be used provided the rationality of the method adopted is justified 1422, Stresses and reinforcement : Calculations for torsion are required only for ultimate loads and the torsional shear siesses should be calculated assuming a plastic stress distribution. Where the torsional shear stress V, exceeds the value V, from Table 7, reinforcement shall be provided. In no case, shall the sum of shear stresses resulting from shear force and torsion (V +7) exceed the value of ¥, from Table 7 nor in the case of smal Sections (Y, < 580 mw} should the torsionalIRC: 18-2000 shear stress, V, exceed Vx Yay Where Y, is the larger dimension of a Tink, ‘Torsion reinforcement shall consis of rectangular effectively closed links together with longitudinal reinforcement. This reinforcement is addition to that required for shear or bending. Table 7, Ukimate Torsion tear Stress (Conroe Gase rere ery MPs MPs MPs oMPe MPa MPa Me 037 04) 082 082 082 082 042 410445475 50553055558 1423. Computation of torsional stresses for various 1423.1. Rectangular section Where 7 = te the torsional moment di outils ‘ha i the smaller dimension of he section ELE the larger cnesion of the secon ‘Torin enforcement shoul be proved ech hat r amen) + con} Were 4, =e wl oe fed nk a cn 28 IRC: 182000 fete yield sength of longitudinal reinforcement Stich Should at be tken rete han 413 Pa = ire yield sent of ake ste spacing of the links the smaller dimesion of he link measured beeen ens of eps ¥, = ine eps dinesion of he link measured between cete flee. To prevent a detailing failure the closed links shall be detailed to have minimum cover and a pitch less than the smallest of (X, + ¥,/4, 16 times longitudinal comer bar diameters and 200 mr. The longitudinal reinforcement shall be positioned uniformly such that there is a bar at each comer of| the links. The diameter of the comer bars shall be nt less than the diameter ofthe Tinks. 14232. L and I sections : Such sections shall be ivided into component rectangles for purpose of torsional design. This shall be done in such a way as to maximize the function (hy. x Wag) Where Hand fg, ae the larger and smaller dimentioas ofeach compénent rectangle. Each rectangle shall then be considered subject toa torque Reinforcement shall be so detailed as to te the individual rectangles together.,.Where the torsional shear stress in a rectangle is lest than V, no torsional reinforcement need to be provided in that rectangle. aonRc 18.2000 14233. Box section W274, Whee A, = isthe wal dicks of members whee the ste i demaine, A, = isthe ae cclosed by the centre ne of members ening the box. ‘Torin seisfrcemeat so be provided such that Aaah S507) (eemapstte) fe anv &e(Pemerel ae), fe Sees ‘The detiling requirements of Clause 14.2.3.1, should still, be observed, In dealing the longitudinal reinforcement to cater for torsional stresses account may be taken of those areas of the ‘ross section subjected to simultaneous flexural compressive stresses anda lesser amount of reinforcement inthe compressive zone may be taken as (arent seton sijelo x Hesslcongrenon) Sa ae Where, = i the average compressive sss ia the Mexua comprenive aoe and fg = fethoyeld ses of logan! el in compreion Redaction insect ae 15, MINIMUM REINFORCEMENT 15.1. General ‘The quantity of untensioned stel required for design or constructional purposes shall not be less than the minimum stipulated in Clauses 15.2 to 15.4. Various types of minimum steel requirements need not be added together. Bars in such reinforcement shall, however, not be placed more than 200 mm apart The minimum diamoter shall not be less than 10 mm for » IRC: 18.2000 severe condition of exposure and & mm for moderate condition of exposure In case of insitu segmental construction for bridges located in marine environment continuity of untensioned reinforcement from one segment to the next shall be ensured 152. Inthe vertical direction, a minimum reinforcement shall be provided in the bulb/web of the beamsirib of box girders, such reinforcement being not less than 03 per cent of the ross sectional area ofthe bulb/web in plan for mild steel and 0.18 per cent for HYSD bars respectively. Such enforcement shall be as far as possible uniformly spaced along the length of the web. Inthe bulb portion, the cross sectional area of bulb in plan shall be taken In all the comers of the section, these reinforcements should pass round a longitudinal bar having a diameter not less than that of the vertical bar or round a group of tendons. For tee. ‘beams, the arrangement inthe bulb portion shall be as shown in Fig. 2 15.3. Longitudinal reinforcements provided shall not be less than 0.25 percent and 0.15 per cent of the gross cross sectional area of the section for mild steel and HYSD bars respectively, where the specified grade of concrete is less than M45. In case the grade of concrete is M 45 or more, the provision shall be inereased to 0.3 per cent and 0.18 per cent respectively. Such reinforcement shall as far as possible be evenly spaced on the periphery. Non-prestessed high tensile reinforcement can also be reckoned for the purpose of fulfilling the requirement of this clause. 154, For sold slabs and top and botiom slabs of box irders, the top and underside of the slabs shall be provided with ”IRC: 18-2000 seinforcement consisting ofa grid formed by layers of bars. The ‘minimum stel provided shall be as follows (For sold slabs and tp Hab of box girders: 0.3 percent and Disper ect of he gos eros soa! res f the lb for MS ted HS bars rsestnly, whi shall be equal itibtet tap and btom, (Gi) For soft st of box peers: The logit tesa be [leat O18 per cet and 02 pec cent of sectoral ares fer HYSD and MS tar rpecely. Tae minimum iansvese Fenfvcemen ball be 03 percent and 0 per cat of tbe ‘atone wes for HYSD and MS bas resecively. The ‘Sinimum enoreement all be equally seb 2 tp and ‘wit 155. For cantilever slab minimum reinforcement of 4 nos. of 16 mm dia HYSD bars or 6 nos. of 16 mim dia MS, bars Should be provided with minimum spacing atthe tip divided ‘equally between the top and bottom surface parallel to support. NB. Notwithstanding he nomenclature unensioed se” is provisos of retirement may belied for withsanding ction aes, ince. 16 COVER AND SPACING OF PRESTRESSING STEEL, 16.1, Wherever prestressing cable is nearest to conerete surface, the minimum clear cover measured fom outside of sheathing, shall be 75 mm. 162. The minimum clear cover to untensioned reinforcement including links and stirrups shall be as per Clause 3083 of IRC:2I. 163. A minimum clear distance of $0 mm of diameter of the duct, whichever is greater, shall be maintained between individual cables when grouping of eables isnot involved. 2 IRC: 18-2000 164, Grouped Cables 16.4.1. Grouping of cables shall be avoided to the extent possible. If unavoidable, only vertical grouping of cables, upto 2 cables may be permitted as shown in Fig. 3. The minimum lear spacing berween groups shall be diameter ofthe ductor 50 ‘mm, whichever is greater. Note: In cae of severe conditions of exposure, grouping of chblen soul beallogetber avoided. Tis may be achieved by the eof high eapaciy sands, 8 8 8 84i . Serta Heh ehy @ bem Ss Oo. O0 a Oo Oo Aokd 4b 40 mm or dameter of dst whichever i ret, C475 mm Fig. sRe 00 1642. Individual cables or ducts of grouped cables shall. be deflected or draped inthe end portions of members. The clear spacing between cables or ducts in the end one metre of the members as specified in Clause 16.3 shall be maintained. 165. The placement of cables or duct andthe order of| stressing and grouting shall be so arranged tha the prestressing steel, when tensioned and grouted, doesnot adversely affect the adjoining duct. 166. All cables shal be threaded by threading machine ‘or any contrivance into preformed ducts. Wherever two stage prestessng is contemplated, a dummy core shal be provided in the preformed ducts of the ccond stage cables, which shall be pulled out ater the frst stage prestressing and grouting is over. ‘Thereafter, the cables forthe second stage shall be threaded into the preformed ducts. Where prstessing in more than two stages is contemplated, the above procedure shall be followed for subsequent stage cables also. Stressing of cabe/part of cable to avoid shrinkage cracks shall not be teated as a stage 17, END BLOCKS 17.1. End block shall be designed to distribute the ceoncentated prestressing force atthe anchorage. It shall have Sufficient area to secommodate anchorages atthe jacking end ‘and shall preferably be as wide as the narrowest flange of the beam. Length of end block inno ease shal be less than 600 mam nor less than its wit. The portion housing the anchorages shall as far as possible be precast, 172. The bursting fores in the end blocks, should be assessed on the basis of the ultimate tensile strength. The Dursting tensile force, ,, existing in an individual square end Fa IRC: 18.2000 block loaded by a symmetrically placed square anchorage or bearing pate, may be derived from Table 8. Whee 2 = fe the side of end block = te lad in the tendon stead a ove FL = te basing tense fre ‘Tale 8, Desgn Dusting Tense Forces in Blocks a ie 0 ooo ott Notes) For intends vals ier interpolation may be made (hy Thr ithe sr gna Bl pd re snchorges For extemal anchorages te desig ce may ince by 0 perce . This force, F,,, will be distributed in a region extending fom 02 9.1 2 fom ended ae of nd lock shown in Fig, vest Fost ‘pot YpotIRC: 18.2000 Reinforcement provided in this region to sustain the Dusting tenile force may be calculated based on a tensile strength of 0.87 f except thatthe stess should be limited to a value coresponding toa stain of 0.001 when the concrete cover to the reinforcement is less than SO mm, Inthe rectangular end blocks, the bursting tensile forces in the two principal directions should be assessed on the similar basis as in Table 8, ‘When circular anchorages or bearing plates are used, the side of the equivalent square area should be derived. Where groups of anchorages or bearing plates occur, the end block should be divided into a series of symmetrically Toaded prisms and each prism teated in the above manner. In detailing the reinforcement forthe end block as a whole, itis necessary to ensure that the groups of anchorages are appropriately tied together. Special attention should be paid to tend blocks having across section different in shape from that of | the general cross section of the beam and reference should be ‘made to specialist literature. Compliance with the above requirements will generally ensure that busting tensile forces along the loaded axis are provided for. In case where large Concentrated tendon forces are invalved altemative methods of design based on specialist literature and manufacturer's data ‘may be more appropriate. 173. Consideration should also be given tothe spalling tensile testes that occur in end blocks, Where the anchorage of bearing. plates are highly eccentric, these stresses reach a rntaximum at the loaded face. The end face of anchorage zone shall be continuously reinforced to prevent edge spalling. RC: 18.2000 Reinforcement shall be placed as close to the ent ea Pl to the end face as 18 THICKENING OF WEnS OF GIRDERS ‘The thickening of webs of girders towards the end blocks shall be achieved gradually with a splay in plan of not steeper than | in 6 Sinble thickening for isoltd anchorages away end blocks shall be made whenever necesta a“ nen ay to reduce 19, ANCHORAGE OF CABLES AND STRESSING Anchorage of cables in the top deck surface sball surface shall not be Permitted. All anchorages shall be properly sealed after Dresiessing and grouting operations. All wire/sands in one gable should be sessed simutancousl by using ml-stesing ins 20, SFLAY OF CAMLES 18 PLAN AND sane OF CABLES IN ELEVATION mis ‘The splay of cables in plan, for bri for bringing them ftom their sition inthe botiom flange at mid-span into the web towards cura, ping and oer cae els hl enh "> eset bring af side cover beh pope nt the pane of urate and inte pla ofcuranee oe see ”Ee IRC: 18.2000 21, SLENDER BEAMS Slender beams are those in which (rao of span to width of tp ange is more tan 60, and (©) rato of with of tp Dane othe depth of Beam is es than For such beams permissible stress shall be reduced suitably and they shall also be provided with adequate temporary restraints during handling and erection which should be investigated. 22, EMERGENCY CABLES'STRANDS Besides the design requirements, additonal cables/trands shall be symmetrically placed in the structure so as to be capable of generating presressing force of about 4 per cent of the total design prestressing force in the structure. Only those cables which are required to make up the deficiency shall be stressed and the remainder pulled out and the duct hoe shall be grouted. 23, STORAGE AND HANDLING OF PRESTRESSING ‘MATERIALS ‘A recommended practice for storage and handling of prestressing material is given in Appendis3. 24, PRESTRESSING OPERATION ‘A recommended practice for prestessing operations is given at Appendic-4. 25, GROUTING OF CABLES ‘A recommended practice for grouting of eable is given at Appendix. 1c 18-2000 Appendic-4 ‘TESTS ON SHEATHING DUCTS (2) All tes spied below shall be cated out on the same ‘ample inthe ander given below. 2) At eat 3 samples for one foto ply (oo exceeding 1200 ‘ete eng hal be tee : : 3. WORKABILITY TEST Att sample 1100 mm og seed oa Ged bse pe wi sot slr ig, 1A), The sale te bn fos aso 600 oe ‘themnately on cither side to complete 3 cycles. i Theft, e eign wl be vn pect Yer a no fllure or opening has taken place Z as 4 TRANSVERSE LOAD RATING TEST Toe tet eos tt ites of te sen is scien prevet Dermanetitorion diag st hodlng, : The sample paced on boric kong ha ppt 00 mm lang ota te ‘ample is supped sal poss of otward comugatens ‘oad ae sped in Tale ew is apple paul cee of he support porn ough 3 clr coat marco 1 ae couples a be ped so a he a sme apg cee aoe Pi 1 Ten pee on apdIRC: 18-2000 Figs 11, Workabiiy test lg 1A. Tranmere lod rating test ‘Tbe ‘retin oe Sat mo ta mem in mo tan Dia: 250m Sem Sam Sam mm me iS oe mb we 2b ge we Sem Gon Sem Gan Som Sam am leat: 250 «O0N SHON GON TOON BOONTON ‘The sample & considered acepabe ithe permanent deformation is estan Sper eet ” aRc 18.2000 TENSION LOAD TEST ‘The test peimen ie bjt a tale oad. The hollow coe i filed wih & wooden cecal piece ving a dame of 5 percent of he linet dia of he sample fo esse clan roe during tet loading Fig 143, Fig, 1A, Teaion Yond test A coupler i seewed op and te sample loaded in increment, tl, specified ad I 80 deformation af the jit noe spray couple 2 IRC: 18.2000 noticed, the wt thal be considered sist Dia in mn Load 25 upto 35 3001 “More nn 35 upo 45 500 More tan 45 upto $5 00 N More than 55 pio 65 100 N ‘Move than 65 upto 75 ‘More than 75 upto 85 1600 N More than 85 upto 90 1800 N 6 WATER Loss TEST ‘The sample ie sealed atone end. The sample is fled with water and fe sealing, the end is connected sytem capable of spying a prese Of 005 MMP, Pg. 1A an hep cantnt for minutes, band Pup sue puge of snd pipe system canbe wed. suru, Ragyrm re Fig 14-4 Test for water lo studyace exceed 1.5 percent ‘hemi apie an et oe a Se Ts ops ge ned it het ee a te a amen “The compuntion of rave pole volume is waked out s flows y+ Premeasured quanti af wate na messing elinder Y= Balioce quantity of we Ie in the elder after * empeely ing of he et spe ‘etal Volume 7, FF, #1 ao ve Profile Volime= Y= emlen? Reise Pro 6 a Where (i length of specimen and ¢ intra! sominal din. of seating Rc: 162000 Append lB ‘TESTS ON CORRUGATED HDPE SHEATHING DUCTS The adonlecetance et fo the pressing yrems employing compat HDPE dict shall cove he flowing bro 1. BoD Test jet To esabishsisticory bond characteris between the tendon and ener inthe uta condition Eauipment + 3nos snr seiforced concrete beams with # HDPE dust of length equal w 40 tines the cut diameter, + resresingtndoo of adeqste length for stesing and for ‘enbeing in be bem, + Teodon anchorge syste, + Load cele and meters, + rot constituent. Method: ast an sdeqnely reinforced tems to wiht th prestesing ‘operation and of nth to embed 40 nes he i dt oa i tendon tobe doped Laroduce tbe sande of he ens by spacing them parle by meas of pyspacers at ahown in ig D1 sod fl he dt wih grat of swengh nt les than 27 Nig When the grout has sine the neces strength ses the tendon lowly increasing the load tthe fie ‘apciy. The fle capacty ofthe hard sll beat lt un to te anchor efceny of 095 of flue capacity ofthe tendon. At est 3 08 fest shall ecard out asceri he aden of the duce. COMPRESSION TEST FOR THE LOSS OF WALL ‘THICKNESS ject: To esas te wear an tear ofthe shsthing miter andthe Fh of ie dot sure gant indentation and abrasion under concensed Tine lading rom he endo contents. 4182000 vont | _ i a | i a= stn Fig. 18-1. ond test arrangement 2 noe of conte locks 1, of 1000 Jong sad fing the tendon AS MN press ‘eating beam of 300 rm length to anit $ KN lod ‘A rier pa fr psig betwee he pes and the Bem for thifrm and constant lod roster ‘Atesring plat wilh mono sand jack to pull he strand under loaded eonion ‘A digit cline IRC 18.2000 Method Cos 3 no. of conert subs of 300 mm sie, of he ame stength {ofan uct, wth cat HDPE sheathing dct embeded int ‘heap ar shown nig 1-2 Car sal be exer to ese hat he ct frface far anforn contct with conceal rund. Place the concrete Bock over the pres with 31000 ma length of stand forming the tendon placed inthe dt nd apply he SRN uit lsd gradually a shown. Pal {he sand unde the sree cenditon by 200 mm acm the duct. Repeat tte tet on all the 3 on of dacs a0 eed. Meare the ident formed in all de 3 nos of dats lng the lng ofthe stand, by means of gil caliper The ral eho ofthe dat shal nt be es tha 1S mr or ig, 182. Compression test arrangementIRC: 18.2000 Append? ‘SPECIFICATION FOR SHEATHING DUCT JOINTS. ‘The sheathing act shal be of he spiral comagled type Foemsjor project, the sheathing ducts shuld preferably be manufactured at he eject Fie ung appropiate machines, Wih sich an amengement, ong ogi of sbenbing dt ay be used with consequent redaction in the numberof Jette and coupler ‘Where hething dst int ste evel, ac joints sl be made cement sly taht bythe se of crags treed seve couples which an be til saree ont th outer eof he sheathing dts, A ea ‘Sink couple coud ao be se if smb ‘Typical details of sleeve couple i showa in Fg. 2:1. Te eg of the coupler shoud ne be ee han 50 sum bt shuld be increased po 200 tm wherever peatabe The ois betwee the nds ofthe coupler ad the Sit sl e sald ith adhesive sexing tape to pevem peneraton of ema slury during concreting. The comes of adc dts shoul be Stggeed wherever passable. As fra posbl, couplers sould nat be Toc curved ees, The comugtd sleet couplers being corveity manfred using the sheath making machine with te next higher ize of Fig 2 ‘The hext-vink coupler Fig. 2.2 spp ia the for of bandage role which canbe ued fr ll ameter of seating dt, The bndage IRC: 18.2000 ute onthe undersige with et senstve adhesive so tat fer heating the bandage material sraks on othe sexing duct and ens formation of fea proof joint, witout he need fr ext ping ox spot ia he fr of comgted sleeve cpl. The hag is effeted by means of So 2 ote by ssIRC: 182000 Appenes RECOMMENDED PRACTICE FOR STORAGES AND HANDLING OF PRESTRESSING MATERIAL 1. All presresng sel, sheathing, anchorages nd sleeves or copings hal be protec daring tanportion, handling and sorape For ‘vires upto § mm di, eo of about 15m di, and for wre above § Tae dn, col of abut 2 min wii breate and ots sal be ‘hse Eom the much, 22. Matai stall be stored in sesordane with he provisions consneé Jn elevantspecienons. All effors stall be mage to soe te utes ia proper ples 50s to prevent tice deterioration Inion by frelgn mater an 9 ee ir sataatory quay and fess for the work, The sorge space shall aso permit cxsy inspection, oval end vestorge of he natal. 3. The prestising sel, seahing and oer accesories sal be tort nde cover and potted ftom rain or Gap ground. Theses 0 be prteaed fom the ambit atmosphere if iti Uhely 0 be aggessive. ll prestessng sel shall be povided with temporary proteston during storage sich a coating of lube ole pel or ‘pour phar ching materi of proven epeciestine. 4 Stage a ste ll be kept wo the absolute minimum. All materials ven though sored In approved godowns shall be sibjected 0 teeepaee tes pro 10 her immedi We, smc 1.2000 Anpenlect RECOMMENDED PRACTICE FOR PRESTRESSING OPERATIONS resting operation a rong sal be exe ol spel toned a quad personal All presteing scene Sal 8 cued fo authored manure wih inboae eng lig Contos al alo be eu oeaage specie’ spencer hese slo be etre with he tol sevice estat for fiketon of cas Focton of ables dig coning,peseenig thé gating Nesey evils sl alo be soe by sath speclod agence at he ne ts Been cart cat im acurdence ith peo species Besplonal aes vheeteclet conned a the Conte he eg te well experienced a as glifed pean! nd Sle, tack cesord to subst is perma inte prea sya of ‘resting big aot the pestesing noting open old be s1Ire 182000 an 2 23. Append [RECOMMENDED PRACTICE FOR GROUTING OF POST-TENSIONED CABLES IN PRESTRESSED ‘CONCRETE BRIDGES | GENERAL ‘he comments cove te comet ging of poses Peed cones members of ges Th a tendo Ftp ecu petne messes Be opted For ‘Seine coreson in FSC bees, or caw he “The perp of outing to prove permanent te! ao et curv ano develo ond Bee cere clade soaing scone TH te eae Sem of sl haan ewe ft a ony ling te Ss ssp ‘llcion id Eerie 2. MATERIALS water nly clean posable wate fe rom sprites conforming to Cie ais ral be pemited. No en or eck Wa i 1 ed at al Cement ntinuryPorsnd Cement sould be wsed for preparion of te ET shout bea fesh as posse and fee om sny Tams Foci comet eal nt be We San eis pt recommended to us sand fr Fouting of pressing er ure nel dames of the cs excl 150 ith se aye comer. Sand if ssl conform 11S aera pas tough Is Sieve No. 150. The week of sind 38 get ator be mae tan TO percent the weight of eet, i et wot can be exsred by addon of sable plese 2 a, 2s 25 253, Rc: 182000 Admicares ‘Acceptable admixtures conforming 1: 9103 may be used ites ‘ave shown tht thei we ipeoves the properties of grou increasing fii, redoing Wong, eausning ai or expanding the grout Adisturer mus ao contin eres, late shies, ‘sles x any ther products wich are kly to damage he eel fr grout. Wher n expanding agent is wed, he oa nestaned ‘epee shuld nt excod 0 pe et. Alsi per a 38 ‘ayuncing apa isnot rcormended fo rutng becuse ong. term effet re nt fe frm do ‘Sheathing or meifetons sheathing, Clase 3.6 ofthis enters may be refer Grout openings oF vents (0 A ce sl are opening ba ed. Fr hi pt petal epagy AM etd er ah Soap nt aa el cage eg (love ces sown pie oie pat or {Spe carne a 0 gt ve sy te rowed aorta weiss. is god paste © ‘rove stl si va ain" got eagle provi pve ‘grout leakage. " (6 Sandee of ing cml inlets es and vets fae aictnhrge te lowed ommend) ‘pie te nnn of pes ‘Dt bold be secraly Fite atlas itera Al nintoded oes or openings nthe dict must he repaired pie Yo coneee placing. The mt of he couplets nthe senting sould be made Seater po by use of tape or simiarsuitble sem capable of ving lea proof ons. Great openings and vents must Be ecrly Stchoced othe dc nd eer the forms rt ening el to prevent diplcement daring concreting operations du 0 wei bueyany and wibeans 2t IRC: 182000 254, ua aa Duets ete very iret ning, being of hia metal hey ce ‘taceptble to leakage due fo comeion sn taast or soap, by tearing pag i boding particulary when placed adjoining (0 ‘crn yang ae of is whe ering eds fr fo conereting or by scridenalpuncrng le ding foe {am teins: Duss ae abo lable damage by ough use of inert virator abd sparks oe welding beg dave eos by. 3. EQUIPMENT Grout Collodat Mier is estoi that the grout maintained in homogenous sate and ‘of uniform consiteny so tat tae is separ of coment thing ete roting procs te beer, necessary hat the fpout be continously med in colloidal miter wit simu ‘esd of 1000 RPM ad wel of dcharge nt exceeding 13 pet econ Gres Pomp “The pun shoud be a potive dla type aod should be publ fining the oii continu operston and 26 by Sry of ples The gout pump muse ited witha pres pe Te tale pesace of econ to be conled. The misinar pretmureat which grou sald be pred sal be 03 MPs ag he {rout pump nut hve a rel arangement fo pas of he grout ‘cae of bl wp of pressure beyond | MPa Te pay of he {rout pump soul be sch to achieve forward spd of grat ‘tara S010 metes per minute. The slower ras te referable they reduce the possibly of eorurence of vids IF te eapciy ‘of the pump isle, ual Yo rout two of mote cables ‘Smaltanouly trough + common med Use of hand pumps for groin is not recommended. Use of ‘Smpesed sir outed esupnent for ijsction i promi i Fr key ta he wl be some arena in goa Water Pump Before sommsncoment of going, «std by direst fod bah prose wate pp sud be avaiable ste foram emersccy ey a, 41 a 43 Rc: 18.2000 4 cae of any problem in grouting the du, sch pump stall iment be Comet othe duet nd al pout shed Oy we of high peste water Tsing I, therefor, neseuary To have Adequate sorage of clean potable waif operation ofthe wate pnp for much emergence Groat Sereen ‘The grating equipment shuld conti srenbaving «mesh size of 1 106 (5150 if sand ss wed). Por to noducton th {out pump, te grout shoud be psd though sch seen Ts ‘ren shouldbe enlace for nape and clemning Connections and Air Vents Sind deal of fing its, outs, aad vents te steting ante antares toyed as commend by ‘peal cup of ie oa of prestag, pv Seneins to bof he “Quick cupe™ ype nd Seat diameters suitable reducers are to be provided. = 4. PROPERTIES OF THE GROUT Watriemeat rato shouldbe slow as poste, consistent wih workability. This ao should nt sonal exceed ts ‘The temper of the lou afer accounting forthe ambient temperate ofthe svt shall at enend 25°C Befoe grouting th proper of he grout mix shuld be eed in 4 labor depending onthe Tein aval. Tet should be fendi foreach Job periodically. The recommend testi (seid tom CCompresve stg: The compreasivestengh of 100 mm cubes ofthe go sal ot be fess ha 17 MP st? days Cubes shall be edi mist stmosphre forthe it 24 hous ad ubrequenty in wae. These ests sal be conducted in evance to sees te Ssuitabilty of be pout ik ssRC: 18.2000 sa 53 53, sa 55. ‘4. MIXING OF GROUT Proportion of materi shuld be based on feta made o he [Bow tefore commencement of grouiag, bat sbject othe iis ‘ecined above: Themen soul be eased by weiht Water shold be wdéed tothe mie Gt followed by portland evnt and tdi sed. Admire, if any, may be ad as {estonmended by he manures Mixing ine depends upon the typeof he mise ut wil ormaly te tetncen 2 and 3 nuts However, mixing shuld befor ach Sdunton at to obtain uniform sad thoroughly blended grt ‘Nihon exeive temperate nese oes expansive roperis tthe sre, The grout should be continuously agate wo irene ‘once mine, 90 walt sal be deo the gout 0 nreas t fui an king i ot permite 6. GROUTING OFERATIORS Genera (6) Growing sal be cai out ety a pose tnt ater ry eet of serng enon, Whenever hi pln we Ne coupled wih for wane reasons, lee ‘Carey poten of he sea spat corsien by mode ctfecr ech wilt nga he ie arene Mees sbad be cane i grating. The sealing of (al escort corgi ob a ood ws peven ings of war Foret in asesie Pesteaaet malay ofthe socorage ede san Application of some pete water able is for ‘Gating of stee/VPI powder injecionending in of toa, fee comprased ir through the vet eet eras have shove sme pod resi ote 2. Some ofthe mebode recommended for sig of chores oro sil the openings wi bien 6 62, se: 182000 Inpegnted gunny baz or waterproof paper or by balding ick pedestal plate onal cer esol the epored wre die the anchorages (0) Any cet of oil if applied to ste for preventing conosion ‘ould he removed beer grout operation (©) Duct sll be fut wih water for lening a wel a8 fr ‘etl the sures ofthe dct wal, Water ued for Ssbing thould be of em quality 2 ued fr groating Tema, however antain about pe eat of aed lime quick ime. Al water thould be enna hough the Iw rain pipe o by Bowing mpreac rough the dct (@) The wnter i the duct shal be Blown out with ll fee compressed Blowing ot water fom dict for cables longer than SO peop st oth cade by compre ir at effective, ‘lesen povided at oct elves pot shal be ued 0 Cin ut water fom dace (6) The conection between the nome ofthe inecton pipe and ic shuld be sae tht enna be ska i (© Ai ote point ining vent openings shouldbe kept open fief commenceest of jection greet. (@ Before going, all ir inthe pump and hore should be ‘pele: The auction cst ofthe mp soul be aight Injection of eroat (2) At mining the gout sou be kept in continous movement (&) Injection of gout must be continous and ahold aot be ‘erp (6) For eral cable or cables intined more than 60°10 the io jection sould be fected om te lowest anchorage corer! of he dict, (@) The metod of injection shuld ensure complet filing of he ucts. To vey ts, i advisable Yo compare he volume ofRC: 18.2000 | the space tbe filed by he injected grout with he guaity of out actualy noe, (6) Grouting sould We commence inily with tow presse of injector of po 0.3 MPaincenng url the proutcemes oat athe oer en The gout sould be allowed o flow fly from he ter ea unl he comitency of th rot th isthe sme a hat of the ou at he jection em. When the ‘rut flows atthe ote ed shoul be coed off and bud ‘up ofpesue commenced Full jection presse at abot 05 “MPs sll be manned for t lest one mnt Before clasiog the ijn pipe Ite» recommeded pace fo provide t ‘sand pipe atte hghest pot of the eden prof bol ll ‘rate spaced by semenaton a tlesding Ite ld ‘op of pes much i excerof| MPa without flow of grat ‘tring atte eter end, he grouting operation rhold be ‘lsconioued andthe entre dct shed with high presre tater Als, the bypas sytem inetd inp 3.2 shove 's ‘sent for fra aly. (In he case of cables draped downvards eg. in cailever enstction sinulaneosineton frm both ends may be opted Fig. 8. @) Grout ot wed within 30 ious of misng souk be rected (@) Disconnection i ficlitated i sort lng of xb tube connects te dict and injection pipe. Thr canbe equczed td ct of rte grt Bas tne 17. PRECAUTIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS FOR EFFECTIVE. GROUTING (te cold and Hoay weber, ineton should be posponed unless Special precaaons se eke, If foe i ely rat within #8 outs afer injection, best mist be applied tothe ‘member and masaned for ates 8 our afr injection 30 ta the temperate ofthe rout does nat fal Below SC Pe to commenceent of pout ce mat be taken tesa tht ‘he duct i eampstely fe of foie by Mashing wi war ter, bl at wih seam se 1c: 18.2000 (©) When the ambieat temperate ding the day is key 10 eed 7, arouting soul be dane nthe ecly orig oe late evening hore (©) When the cable are threaded after conereting, the dt must bs temporarily protected daring concreting by inveing if ro fort ip PVC pipe o anyother sible meta (@) Dosing coneetng, cue sill be then 10 eesre that the Sheahing i ot damage. Needle vitor shal be we wile exe cae by wellepesenced st ony, ensure te sb requreents| (©) Wis a ood practice to move the cables in both etons ing Be carting geains. This cn ety be dane by light hammering the end ofthe wien arands rng Sneeing [eis alo advisable tat Yo 4 hours afer coreg the oie Should be moved both ways tough distance of haw 20 ce With sock movement, ay esage of mirarwhies Ba ake Place inspite of al precautions, nes bua ithe ables, thos ‘ecg the chine of bocager. Thi oeation cn tn Be one by ftng pressing jacks atone od pling te svn sable and then repeating the operation by fing the ak the other end (© The cables to be gout sould be separated by as mich sistance a posse, (@) tn cat of stage prstesing, cables tensioned in the it stage sould not ain ungrouted fl al cables are sted he god pace, while goutng ay dat in sage pesca ‘ep alle rersining ducts ed up with water contling | ‘Pe cent ite or by runing wer though suc ducts i he {Bout has et. Aer prong the pariclr cable water in ‘he ther ables shoul be dined dnd removed i compre 2F preveatconeson (8) Care stout be taken avoid lens fm one duet anor 2 joint of precist meer, (0) Bad faces where anchorages ar acted are vulherble pins ‘fem of ar. They have w enessilyprotcied wih se 9Fig Si Procedure for grouting of cables draped downwords « o ARC: 18.2000 leave bare, Receses shuld te pasted with mora anerte and should pefenby be pied with wer poof pala ‘Aer srotig is complete, he poestng portion ofthe vets ‘ould be cutoff nd te fee protected to prevent carson, a