Learning Competency 56 - 61

LESSON 1 Learning Competency 56

Visualizes percent and tis relationship to fractions, ratios, and decimal numbers
using models.

In this lesson, you will learn the concept of percent and its relationship to
fractions, ratios and decimal numbers.

A percent (%) is a ratio that compares a number to 100.

Let’s read.

In a survey, 66 percent of the people living in a city is contented how the

mayor works for the good of the people.

What does 66 percent mean?

Look at the grid. Write a ratio to compare the number of black squares to the total
number of squares in the grid.

Number of black squares

Number of squares in the grid

= 66 66 percent is
100 66%

Solution: 66% means that 66 out of every 100 people surveyed is contented how
the mayor works for the good of the people.

Since percent is a ratio that compares a number to 100. It can also be

66
written as in fraction and can also be written in decimal as
100
66
= .66, dividing the numerator by the denominator and 66:100 as
100
ratio.

Let’s have another one.

 Write the percent, fraction, ratio and decimal number of the squares that are
shaded.

A. Percent: 33 % .
B. Fraction: 33 .
C. Ratio: 33:100.
D. Decimal number: .33 .

A.) To get the percent, count the number of grids shaded.

How many grids are shaded? 33%

B.) To relate it to fraction, count the total number of grids shaded over the total
number of grids.
How many grids are shaded? 33
How many grids are not shaded? 100

C.) To relate it to ratio, count the number of shaded grids comparing the total
number of grids? 33 : 100

D.) To relate it to decimal number, divide the numerator by the denominator.

What is 33 equal to? .33

100

Do these. Answer the questions first then fill the chart below.
 Write the percent of squares that are shaded black, and the percent of the un-
shaded squares, then relate it to fraction, ratio, and in decimal number.

Answer These.

1. What percent of the grid is shaded? __________

2. What is the equivalent fraction of the shaded part? __________
3. How will you write it in ratio form? __________
4. What is its equivalent to decimal number? __________
5. What percent of grid is not shaded? __________
6. What is the equivalent in fraction of the unshaded grid? __________
7. How is the unshaded part written as ratio? __________
8. How is it written in decimal number? __________

Percent Fraction Ratio Decimal Percent not Fraction Ratio Decimal

Shaded Number Shaded Number

WHEN YOU ARE DONE, RAISE YOUR HAND TO SHOW THAT YOU
AREREADY FOR THE GROUP DISCUSSION.

Let’s have another one. DO this. Write corresponding fraction. Decimal, Percent
and ratio. Number 1 is done for you.

Illustration Fractio Decimal Percent Ratio Solution

 1. 1/2 = .50
2 1.00
- 10
1/2 .50 50% 50 : 100 0
0
0
0
.50 = 50%
Move two decimal places
to the right, then write the
percent symbol or sign.
2.

3.

WHEN YOU ARE DONE, RAISE YOUR HAND TO SHOW THAT YOU
AREREADY FOR THE GROUP DISCUSSION.

REMEMBER:
A short way to change a fraction with a denominator of 100 into:
 Decimal is to write the numerator and put the decimal point two places
from the right.
 Percent is to write the numerator for together with the percent sign.

Self-Test (Lesson – 1)

I. Compare the shaded part in each grid.

1. 2. 3. 4.
 Fraction Ratio Decimal Percent

II. Write the ratio of the shaded part to the unshaded part in form and fraction form.

5. 6. 7.

III. Write each ratio as fraction.

8. 7 to 9 = 9. 4 to 6 = 10. 12 : 18 =

IV. Write each as percent.

11. .35 = 12. .66 =

WHEN YOU ARE DONE, RAISE YOUR HAND TO SHOW THAT YOU
AREREADY FOR THE GROUP DISCUSSION.

LESSON 2 Learning Competency 57

Defines percentage, rate or percent, and base.

In the previous lesson, you have learned percent and it’s relationship
to fractions, ratios and decimal numbers using models.
 In this lesson you will learn the meaning of percentage, rate or percent,
and base.

Read this.
A common difficulty in solving percentage problems is how to identify
among the given, which is the rate, the base, and the percentage.

Percentage is the part of the base determined by the rate. It is the

quantity which is a part of the base.

How do we find the percentage of a number?

Percentage is equals the product of the base and rate.

That is:
P = B x R where B is the base and R is the rate.

Percentage
Base
Rate
The word “is” means “=”, and the word “of” implies multiplication
and therefore can be change to “x”.

This example will show how to entangle the difficulty in solving

percentage problem.
What is 60% of 57?

P = 60% x 57
So, P = 0.60 x 57
P = 34.20

Remember:
 Percentage is the part of the base determined by the rate.
 To find the percentage. Multiply B x R. Where B is the base and R is the rate.

Let’s have another term.

Read this.
The Rate

Rate - Is the comparison of the percentage to the base expressed in percent.

It is the number of hundredths parts taken. This is the number
followed by the percent sign. It is always expressed in percent.
 Rate ( R ) is the easiest to identify because it bears the percent sign.

Here is how we solve for the rate given the base and the percentage.
R = ( P ÷ N ) x 100

Example: What percent of 32 is 8?

Solution: Translate the question into mathematiceal sentence.
What percent of 32 is 8?

R x 24 = 8

Solve the mathematical sentence.

R = 8 ÷ 32 or R= 8 = 1
32 4
Express the result in percent.

R= 1 x 50 = 50 = 25%
4 x 50 200
or simply divide .25 = 25% ( by moving two decimal places
1.00 to the right)
4
- 8

20
- 20
0
The answer is 8 is 25 % of 32.

Remember:
Rate is always expressed in percent.
Let’s read.

Base is the whole on which the rate operates. It is a total number from which
another number is based or taken.

Here are some examples. Let’s read.

Rosanna paid ₱ 500 for a beautiful dress

which originally cost ₱ 750.
 What is the base in this sentence? The base is the original cost of the beautiful
dress which is ₱ 750.

To find the base, divide the percentage by the rate expressed in decimal or
fraction.

Remember:
The Base is the quantity that represents the whole.

Vocabulary
Self-Test (Lesson – 2) Base
I. Complete the sentence by choosing the right term in the Rate
vocabulary box. Percentage
24%
1. The number that is a certain percent of another is called Of
the __________. Is
2. When you compare the percentage to the base
expressed in percent, you are finding the __________.
3. It is the quantity that represents the whole. __________.
4. In the mathematical sentence, 24% of n = 60,
What is the rate? __________.
5. The __________ is a total number from which another number is based
or taken.
6. The __________ is a rate proportion per hundred.
7. In the formula P = B x R the word __________ means =.

LESSON 3 Learning Competency 58

Identifies the base, percentage, and rate in a problem.

In this lesson, you will learn to identify the base, percentage, and rate in a
problem.

Let’s read.

Celine sold 53% of the 300 pieces of mangoes.

How many pieces of mangoes did Celine sell?
 53% x 300 = 159

The problem above, deals with three quantities. 53% 300 pieces
mangoes and 159.

53% is called rate ( r )

300 is called base ( b )
159 is called percentage ( P )

The relationship of the three quantities in the problem given above is

rate x base = percentage.
rxb=P

Here’s another problem.

Janet answered 85% of the 50

items correctly in a Mathematics test
given. How many items did she answer
correctly?

Without solving this, you can identify the base, rate and percentage.

You have learned that rate is always expressed in percent.

Look at the problem again.

What number in the problem is expressed in percent? 85% .

What is the quantity that represents the whole? 50 items .
What is the quantity which is a part of the base? n .

So, we say that, in the mathematical sentence:

85% of 50 = n

rate base percentage .85

x 50
To arrange 85% to decimal, follow this. 85 x 50 = n
100 00
+ 425
Divide: .85 .85 x 50 = n 42.50

100 85.00 .85 x 50 = 42.50 or 42.5

- 800

500
- 500
0
 So, 85 % of 50 = 42. 5

rate base percentage

Now, do these, Identify the base, percentage, and rate in this problem.

Marc has read 46% a 240 – page

book. How many pages has he read?

Base __________

Rate __________

Percentage __________

WHEN YOU ARE DONE, RAISED YOUR HAND TO SHOW THAT YOU
ARE READY FOR THE GROUP DISCUSSION.

Let’s have another example.

Simeon paid ₱ 300 for a book which originally cost ₱ 375. What rate of
discount did he get?

Solution: Determine what is asked and identify the given.

B = ₱ 375 original cost of the book

P = ₱ 300 amount paid for the book
R=? percent discount

If you like to find out the amount of discount, then solve it this way.
₱ 375 - ₱ 300 = ₱ 75 (Rate)
So, ₱ 75 is the percent discount.

To solve for R.
₱ 375
- 300
₱ 75
 Original price:
Discounted price:

75 1
R= =
375 4
Since R mus be in percent, change the fraction to %
1 .25
= = 25% = Rate
4
4 1.00
- 8

20
- 20
0
Answer: Simeon got a 25% discount.

Here’s another problem. Identify the base, percentage, and the rate.

Angel and Kylle joined the division quiz in math.

Out of the 30 questions asked, 60% were correct.
How many questions were correct?

What is the base? 30 total number of question

What is the rate? 60% part of the question that were answered correctly.
What is the percentage? n? number of questions correct.

Here is a problem for you to work on.

Identify the base, percentage and the rate.

The school baseball team played 12 games during the

division meet. The team won 70% of all the games. How
many games did it win?
What is the: r=
b=
p=

Remember:

 Rate is the number of hundredths parts taken. This is the number of followed
by the percent sign.
 The base is the whole on which the rate operates.
 Percentage is the part of the base determine by the rate.
Self-Test (Lesson – 3)

I. Identify the base, percentage, and rate in the following problems.

1. In a 75 item periodic test in math, Melvin got 95% of the items correct.
How many items did he answer correclty?

b = __________
p = __________
r = __________
2. In a certain schiil, 348 out of 1050 are in level six. What percent are level
six pupils?
b = __________
p = __________
r = __________
3. Miss Betmel receives a salary of ₱ 32 580 a month.
How much of her salary is left 65% of it is paid for house bills and rent?

b = __________ p = __________ r = __________

4. A school has a total enrollment of 1 250 pupils. Of these, 40% are in the
intermediate levels. How many are in the primary level?
r = __________
b = __________
p = __________

WHEN YOU ARE DONE, RAISED YOUR HAND TO SHOW THAT YOU
ARE READY FOR THE GROUP DISCUSSION.
LESSON 4 Learning Competency 59

Finds the percentage in a given problem.

In this lesson, you will learn to find the percentage in a problem.

Percentage is the part of the based determined by the rate.

How do we find the percentage of a number?
Percentage equals the product of the base and the rate. That is, P = B x R
where B is the base and R is the rate.

Read this problem.

There were 420 Girl scouts who participated in the Regional
GCP encampment. 50% of these were Junior GS and the rest
were Senior GS. How many of the GS were Juniors?

Solution: The question, “How many of the GS were Juniors?”

can be represented mathematically as “what is 50% of 420?”
 P = 50% x 420

Percentage Rate Base or P = R x B or P = B x R

So, P = 50% x 420 = n 420
P = 0.50 x 420 x
= 210 were Junior GSP .50
000
+ 2100
210.00 = percentage

Here’s another one.

Study the problem.

In a 30 – item test in Math; Jaycee got 80% of the items

correct. How many items did he answer correctly?

How will you solve this?

Find 80% of 30 = n 30
x 0.80
rate base
00
+ 240
24.00 percentage (fractional part)
So, Jaycee answered 24 items correctly.

You can use this way, too to find the percentage.

80 80
80% = of 30
100 100

80 x 30 = 120 = 24
24
100 1 5
5 120
- 10

20
- 20
0

Do this. Find the percentage. You may use any solution you want to.

In a certain company with 85 employees, 20% of the

employees were laid of by management.
How many employees were laid off?
 WHEN YOU ARE DONE, RAISED YOUR HAND TO SHOW THAT YOU
ARE READY FOR THE GROUP DISCUSSION.

Here’s another problem to solve for the percentage.

Read the problem carefully. Then solve.

Solve the problem in anyway you want.

One hundred forty level six pupils were listed to take the
National Achievement Test (NAT) for the school year 2013 –
2014. On the examination day, 95% of the pupils took the
test. How many pupils took the test?

WHEN YOU ARE DONE, RAISED YOUR HAND TO SHOW THAT YOU
ARE READY FOR THE GROUP DISCUSSION.

Remember:

 Percentage is the quantity which is a part of the base.

 Percentage = Base x Rate or P = B x R.

Self-Test (Lesson – 4)

I. Read the problems carefully. Solve them in your answer sheet. Use the
formula to solve for P.

1. If 80% of the 140, students passed the entrance examination given by a

certain university, how many students passed the test.
P=BxR

2. There are 85 pupils in the class of an I.S. in a learning center. It forty

percent of the class are programmed teachers, how many are not
programmed teachers.
P=BxR–n 85 – n = _____

3. Roy’s soccer team won 50% of their games. If they played 12 games, how
many games did Roy’s team win?
 4. Mely helped his son sell T-shirts and blouses. She was able to sell 60% of
the total number of T-shirts and blouses. If there were 356 items to sell,
how many pieces of T-shirts and blouses did Mely help sell?

5. Dan and Sam help their father harvest ripe mangoes in their farm. Last
year they harvested 250 ripe mangoes. But this year they were able to
harvest only 70% of the last year’s fruits. How many did Dan and Sam
harvest ripe mangoes this year?

WHEN YOU ARE DONE, RAISED YOUR HAND TO SHOW THAT YOU
ARE READY FOR THE GROUP DISCUSSION.

LESSON 5 Learning Competency 60

Solves routine and non-routine problems.

Read and analyze this problem.

Marcelo got 90% of the 60 items correct in a math test. How many correct in
math test. How many correct items did he get?

There are steps to follow in order to solve this problem.

Know What is asked?

The number of correct items Marcelo got.
What facts are given?

Decide What will you do to find the answer?

Multiply to get the total number of correct answers.

What is the mathematical sentence? Formula?

90% of 60 = n or P = B x R = n

What is the solution

90 60
x =n
100 1
9 6
90 60 54
100 1 1
 x = = 54 Number of correct answers Marcelo
got.
10
1

What is the correct answer?

Marcelo got 54 correct answers.

Here’s another problem. Let’s solve.

In a toy factory, 10 000 toys were delivered to a

shopping mall. The supervisor after counting, found out that
6% of the toys were defective. How many toys were
defective? How many toys were not defective?

Let us analyze and solve the problem.

Know What is asked.

The number of toys defective and not defective.
What facts are given?
1000 toys and 6% defective

What will you do to find the answer?

Decide Multiply to get the number of toys defective.
Subtract to find out the numebr of toys not defective
What is the mathematical sentence?
6% of 1000 = n 1000 – n = m

What is the solution?

Step 1 Step 2

6 1000 1000
x =n -
100 1 60
3 20 =M
6 x 1000 = 60 = 60 940
100 1 1
 50
1

Is your answer correct?

Check
.60 = 6%
1000 60.00
- 0000

6000
- 6000
0

Here’s a problem for you to solve. Follow the steps.

Out of 140 pupils who took the NAT test, 75% passed the
test. How many pupils did not pass the test?

a. What is asked?

b. What facts are given?

c. What will you do to answer the problem?

d. What is the mathematical sentence?

e. Show the solution:

f. What is the answer?

WHEN YOU ARE DONE, RAISED YOUR HAND TO SHOW THAT YOU
ARE READY FOR THE GROUP DISCUSSION.

Here’s another problem for yout to solve. Read the problem carefully. Then solve.
Follow the steps.
A group of 30 members presented a speech choir during the
Literally- Musical contest of the 30 members. 20% are boys.
How many are girls?
 a. What is asked?

b. What facts are given?

c. What will you do to answer the problem?

d. What is the mathematical sentence?

e. Show the solution:

f. What is the answer?

WHEN YOU ARE DONE, RAISED YOUR HAND TO SHOW THAT YOU
ARE READY FOR THE GROUP DISCUSSION.
Remember:
To solve problems involving percentage:
 Follow the formula: P = Rate x Base
 Follow the steps in solving the problem.
 Percentage is the part of the base determined by the rate.

Self-Test (Lesson – 5)

I. Solve these problems. Follow the steps.

1. If Marc got 80% of the 50 items correct in a math test, how many items did
he make mistake?

2. Items like shoes are sold with a discount of 50%. If a pair of shoes is
marked ₱ 750.00, how much will Mr. Santos pay for a pair of shoes?

3. Mr. Mirudes needs 450 bottle crowns to make a project. If 40% of the bottle
crowns were already brought by his pupils, how many more bottle
crownds does he need to complete the number of bottle crowns he already
has?

4. Lina’s father has a poultry. The number of chicken in one poultry house is
320 and the other poultry has, 20 chickens. If a total of 25% of these
chickens were sold in the market, how many chickens were sold?

WHEN YOU ARE DONE, RAISED YOUR HAND TO SHOW THAT YOU
ARE READY FOR THE GROUP DISCUSSION.
LESSON 6 Learning Competency 61

Creates problems involving percentage, with reasonable answers.

This lesson will teach you to create problems involving percentage.

Read this.
Problems involving percentage are very common in our everyday activities.
You have learned the meaning of percentage as the part of the base
determined by the rate. You have also learned to solve the percentage of a
number using this formula. P = B x R, Where B is the base and R is the rate.

Study these information in the box.

65 – Justine’s collection of dolls
40% - bought in the Philippines
the rest in the other countries.
Using these informations above, let’s create a problem to find out how many
dolls did Justine buy in the Philippines and the rest of the dolls form the
countries she visited.

Ask yourself? Then formulate questions of your own.

Examples:

1. Who has a collection of dolls? Justine has a collection of dolls.

2. How many dolls has she now? She has 65 dolls now.
3. How many of the dolls has she were bought in the Philippines? 40%
4. What will I find out in the problem?
The number of dolls Justine bought in the Philippines and in the other
countries.
5. How will I do that?
Find: P = B x R
 With the answers of your guide questions, you are now ready to create or
write a problem about these informations.

Justine has a collection of dolls.

She has 65 dolls now. Forty percent of these dolls were bought in
the Philippines and the rest in the other countries. How many
dolls did she buy in the Philippines? In other countries?

To solve this problem, we have to follow these steps.

Step 1. What does the problem ask for?

The number of dolls Justine bought in the Philippines and in the other
countries.

Step 2. What are given?

65 dolls 40%

Step 3. How will I find the answer?

Multiply 40% x 65 to find the number of dolls bought in the
Philippines.

Step 4. What is the mathematical sentence?

40 x 65 = n 65 – n = M
100 1
Step 5. What is the solution?
2
4 13
65
A) 40 x 65 = 26 = 26 B) - 26
100 1 1
39
or 40% x 65 = n 65
.40 x 65 = 26.00 x .40
00
+ 260
26.00
Step 6. What is the answer?
26 dolls were bought in the Philippines
39 dolls were bought in the other countries
The answers are reasonable.

Here’s another one for you to write.

 Using these informations, create a problem to find out how many
pupils are twelve years old.

55 pupils Miss Roana’s class

60% are 12 years old
Formulate your own guide questions to ask yourself. Then write a problem
about it. Solve the problem following the steps.

Step 1. What does the problem ask for?

Step 2. What are given?

Step 3. What will you do to find the answer?

Step 4. What is the mathematical sentence?

Step 5. What is the solution?

Step 6. What is the answer?

WHEN YOU ARE DONE, RAISED YOUR HAND TO SHOW THAT YOU
ARE READY FOR THE GROUP DISCUSSION.

Let’s do another one.

Create or write a problem using the informations to find out. How much
Marco paid for the school supplies? Use your own way to create a problem.
Price list
Notebook ₱ 21.00 each (2)
Pad paper ₱ 29.00 each (2)
Ball pen ₱ 7.00 each (3)
30% discount

Steps:
1. What is asked?

2. What facts are given?

3. What will you do to answer the problem?

4. What are the mathematical sentences?

 5. Show the solution:

6. What is your answer?

7. Give meaning to your answer.

WHEN YOU ARE DONE, RAISED YOUR HAND TO SHOW THAT YOU
ARE READY FOR THE GROUP DISCUSSION.
Remember:
To create a problem involving the percentage:
 Follow what the instruction wants you to do.
 Make use of the given information.
 Solve the problem following the steps.
 Give meaning to your answer whether it has a reasonable results affordable
etc.

Self-Test (Lesson – 6)

I. Create a problem using the informations in the box.

1. To find out how many pieces of guavas did Hansel give to his friends.

52 guavas
25% given to his friends

2. To find how much did Martin pay for the T-Shirt.

T-Shirt marked ₱ 180.00

20% discount

3. To find how many are girls.

Class of Miss Bonita has 40 children
15%
4. To find what was the score of Jacob?

Test 45 items
50% correct answer

WHEN YOU ARE DONE, RAISED YOUR HAND TO SHOW THAT YOU
ARE READY FOR THE GROUP DISCUSSION.
Summary (Lessons 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6)
In this module you have learned the following.

1. Visualize percent and its relationship to fractions, ratios, and decimal

numbers using models.

Example:
Look at this model. Write a ratio to compare the number of shaded
squares to the total number of squares in the grid. Then write the ratio
in percent, decimal and fraction.

ratio – 45:100
percent – 45%
decimal – .45
fraction – 45
100

2. The meaning of percentage, rate or percent and base.

a. Percentage is the part of the base determined by the rate.
b. Rate is the number of hundredths parts taken.
This is the number followed by the percent sign.
c. Base is the whole on which the rate operates
d. To find the percentage we multiply.
P = R x B

percentage rate base

3. Identify the base, percentage and rate in a problem.

Ex.
Grace got 80% of 60 items correct in a math test. How many correct
items did she get?
Find: 80% of 60 = n

Rate Base Percentage

4. Finds the percentage in a given problem.
Example.
In a class of 40 pupils, 50% are girls.
How many are girls?
40% of 50 = n
20 1
40 x 50 = 20 x 1 = 20 = 20 percentage
100 1 1x1 1
2
1

5. Solve routine and non-routine problems involving percentage.

6. Create problems involving percentage with reasonable answers.

WHEN YOU ARE READY, GO TO THE TESTING ROOM AND TAKE

THE POSTTEST.