Virginia Evans - Jenny Dooley Aas Express PublishingPublished by Express Publishing Liberty House, Greenham Business Park, Newbury, Berkshire RG19 GHW, United Kingdom (0044) 1635 817 363 (00a) 1635 817 463 |: inquiries@expresspublishing.co.uk www.expresspublishing.co.uk © irginia Evans ~ Jenny Dooley, 2015 Design and Illustration © Express Publishing, 2015 Illustration: ingela © Express Publishing, 2015 First published 2015 Second impression 2016 Made in EU All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form, or by any means, electronic, photocopying or otherwise, without the prior written permission of the publishers. This book is not meant to be changed in any way. ISBN 978-1-4715-3808-7Contents Starter Prepositions of place/movernent/ time ~ Quantifiers - Question words - Pronouns/Possessives The verbs ‘to be’, ‘have got’, ‘can’... p. Unit 1 Present simple vs Present continuous ~ Adverbs of frequency ~ Stative verbs... : Unit 2 Relatives Unit 3. Adjectives - Adverbs - Comparisons .... cacao Di Exploring Grammar i (Starter - Unit 3) p. Revision (Starter ~ Unit 3) Pp. Phrasal verbs i - Prepositions i P. Unit 4 Past simple vs Past continuous ~ used tofwould p Unit 5 SubjecvObject questions .. Pp. Exploring Grammar ii (Units 4-5) 0... p. Revision (Units 1-5) p. Phrasal verbs ii - Preposition: Pp Unit 6 Present perfect - Present perfect vs Past simple ~ Present perfect continuous ~ Present perfect simple vs Present perfect continuous... B. Unit 7 Clauses of result B. Exploring Grammar iii (Units 6-7) p. Revision (Units 1-7) p. Phrasal verbs ii - Prepositions pe. Unit 8 Past perfect - Past perfect continuous ~ Past perfect vs Past perfect continupus Bp Unit 9. The infinitive - The ~ing form - Verbs with both -ing and infinitive = too - enough... oP. Exploring Grammar iv (Units 8-9) p. Revision (Units 1-9) p Phrasal verbs iv - Prepositions iv p 4 26 34 35 36 50 59 60 61 62 6a 70 8 79 20 Unit 10 Future tenses Unit 11 Unit 12 Wishes Conditionals Exploring Grammar v (Units 10-12) Revision (Units 1-12) Phrasal verbs v - Prepositions v Unit 13. The passive Unit 14 Reflexive - Emphatic pronouns Unit 15. The causative Exploring Grammar vi (Units 13-15) ... Revi n (Units 1-15) Phrasal verbs vi Prepositions vi Unit 16 Unit 17 Modal verbs Nouns/Plurals - Countable/ UncountableyPlural/Group Nouns. somme/anyino/every & compounds aon ~ the - one/ones Unit 18 Unit 19 Exploring Grammar vii (Units 16-19) Revision (Units 1-19) Phrasal verbs vii - Prepositions vii Unit 20 Unit 21 Reported speech Clauses of purpose - Clauses of reason ~ Clauses of concession Unit 22 Question tags . Exploring Grammar viii (Units 20-22) Revision (Units 1-22) Phrasal verbs viii ~ Prepositions viii Further practice material Revision of tenses Multiple choice questions Sentence transformations Irregular verbs p.82 p.86 p.92 p.94 p.95 p96 p98, p.102 p.104 p.106 p.107 J. p.l08 p.110 ple p.122 p.l2s p.130 p31 p.132 p.134 p.t42 p.146 p.148 o pela ._ p.150 p54 p.156 p58above under below ear next to/beside ef & G00 opposite infrontof behind between among (round —ontopof against. At We use at: ‘+ when we refer to a particular point or position. Mona is at the front door. ‘+ to say where an event takes place. There aren't mony people at the theatre. * in the expressions: at school/university/college, at work, at home, at the top of, at the bottom of, at sea (= working on a ship), at the station/airport, at the seaside, etc. * with addresses when we mention the house number. They live at 77 Falcon Road. BUT in Highfield Street * to talk about a person’s house or business, at Emily's (house), at the butcher's In ‘We use in: in the expressions: in the middle, in the sky, in the shade, in bed, in hospital, in prison, in a newspaper/magazine/book, in a picture/photo, in a street, in the world, in this lesson, in the country, in one’s hand, etc. + with the names of towns, cities, countries and continents. in Henley, in Paris, in Spain, in Asia Note: We use in when we refer to a building itself. However, we use at when we refer to the normal function of the building. There were lots of people in the cinema. (inside the building) There were lots of people at the cinema. (They were watching the film) on We use on in the expressions: on the left/right, on a(n)/the platform/page/screen /island/beach/coast, ‘on a map, on a farm, on a/the menu, on the first/second floor, etc, on the phone. The sports shop is on the first floor. ‘on @ chair BUT in an armchair ‘on/at the comer of a street BUT in the corner of a room, go/run round the corner Prepositions oF movernent’ fl AA o onto off into | lf lf } across up down past + When we talk about a means of transport, we use the preposition by. by car/bus/train/taxi/plane/boat BUT on foot * We do not use the preposition by when there is an article (a/an/the), a possessive adjective (my, your, etc.) or a possessive case before the means of transport. ‘on the train (NOT: by-the-teaia), in your car (NOT: by-your-ear), on the two o'clock bus, on the plane, in Trev’s cormeee Prepositions of time in the expressions: at the ‘moment, at present, at dawn, at ‘noon, at lunchtime, at night, at midnight, at the weekend months: in July/August, ete seasons: in (the) spring/summes/ ‘autumn/winter years: in 2012/2013, etc in the expressions: in the momning/ attemmoon/evening, in an hour, in a days: on Friday, on New Year's Day’ dates: on 23rd August specific part of a certain day: on Saturday afternoon adjective + day: on a windy day minute, in a week/few days/month/year ‘+ We use the prepositions from ... to/till/until to show duration. ‘/m busy from 6 to/til/until 11 this morning. ‘+ We use the preposition in when we want to say how long it takes to do something. ‘Murn usually prepares breakfast in ten minutes. Susan gets to work in twenty minutes. ‘+ Prepositions of time are not used: a) with the words today, tomorrow, tonight and yesterday. Let's go out tonight. b) with the words this, last, next, every, all, some, each, one and any. Art classes start this Friday. (NOT: on-this-riday). oO Look at the picture and fill in the gaps with the correct preposition from the list. a Fill in the gaps with at, in or on and one of the places from the list. ‘hospital * the platform » college © an island * bed ‘in front of * behind * next to * the airport rome Gt nies ete 1. Steven is in bed with a cold 2 We're walting for the train to London. 3 Aunt Mabel is because she's siok. 4 We have to be .. .»: By 10 o'clock ‘because our fight leaves at 8:00. Becky Is studying French . 6 They've got a holiday home .... they go there every summer. a this year. and o Choose the correct preposition. 1. Dad drives past/beside the baker’s on his way to work. 2. Thare is a poster of Ronaldo up/above my desk 3 Walk among/along the street until you get to the post office. Matthew has got a nice bedroom. There is a rug 1) on the floor and a Dig Window 2) vseesessseeseeens: 4 Helen's house is opposite/between the cinema. the bed. Matthew's desk is 5 Your shoes are below/under your bed. } BY sovstrstnesrntnsanestntnnsanans 6 Don't een against/by the wall ~ the paint is still wet! his wardrobe and there Is a chair 7 My mobile phone doesn’t work when the train goes A one z through/across a tunnel. the desk. Matthew's bedside table is 5) tsp ee the bed and the wardrobe. There is 8 We live next/near the airport. 9 Your breakfast is on/at the table, 410 Pour your soup into/anto a bigger bow 2 blue pillow 6) Bee rae imee 11 The dog jumps off/out of his basket and runs to most e ae me when | get home. Pa reve aerereneyeiltt MeioN 12. The boy next door is always throwing his ball over/up our fence.r a 1 2 3 1 3 Fill in at, in, on where necessary. usually get up late on Sunday morning, We're moving house ...... the spring. Ryan often reads a book... the train soe the moment, Emily is studying Art. Frank goes to the gym... every Wednesday. ‘We're going shopping ..... today. 7 Look at that kite high up .... the sky! 8 The children get lots of presents .... Christmas. 9 Sally and Dave are getting married .... 26th May. 10 Laura lves ...... 21 Willow Road. 11 My cousins are coming to stay with Us .... a few days. 12 On Now Year's Eve, we set off fireworks see midnight, 13 The Jones family spend every summer... the seaside. 14... September, Ben is starting secondary school 15 I've got a doctor's appointment... Tuesday. ° Choose the correct preposition. From;{alexS8@mall.com Tor{laurasmith@server.co.u Subject:Venice HiLaura! How are you? Im having a great time here 1) in/at Venice! Jim staying 2) at/in my cousin Guido's house. Its right 3) beside/inside the Grand Canal andthe view is amazing! Today, we're going 4) against/across the canal fora walk 5) throughlinside the Rialto Market. Then, 6) at/on lunchtime, were going to a restaurant called Do Fara Guido says they always have fresh seafood 7) on/at the menu there. After that, we're going back home for some rest because 8) in/on the evening, Guido is taking me fora boat ride 9) along/among the Grand Canal, | cant wait to see Venice 10) atfin right - 1 hear its besutifull ‘See you when | get back, Alex r Prepositions of place/movement/time Ga Choose the correct item. 1 Let's go for a walk ..... the afternoon. A at in con 2 In this photo, Ben is standing ..... the mountain, A above B ontopof © round 3 | play tennis ..... Tuesdays. Ain Bat Con 4. There are a lot of cars, so walk... the road carefully. A across —-B around © G among 5 The cat usually jumps and takes @ nap. A into B onto the garden chair C inside 6 Icycle...... the post office every morning. A along B through © past 7 The gymis .... the new sports centre. A opposite B between C against 8 Your dinner is .... the table. A at Boon cin 9 The football pitch is .... the bus station A next Bat © near 10 Wake me up ..... Si o'clock. A at B in © on Speaking Desoribe the picture to your partner using prepositions and the verbs below. ‘jump «sit * sleep *climb run + lean ‘A: There's a puppy jumping over some flowers. B: There's @ boy leaning against a tree. etcQuantifiers the nd road How many apples has Irene has got a few Joan has got (very) How much milk has Abby has got (very) Megan got? She has apples. She can few apples. She can't Belinda got? She has _ little milk and she oe ‘got alot offlots of | make an apple pie. make an apple pie. got a litle milk and hasn't got any flour. ‘opples. She can make some flour. She can She can’t make hair can apple pie. ‘make a cake. acake, de some/any/no ~ a lot (of) - (how) much/many ~ (a) few/(a) little a Countable Uncountable t Affirmative | some/a lot (off/iots (of)/ | some/a lot (of)/lots (of) (@)few/(t00) many | (a) lttlef(too) much inst Negative _|no/not any/not many __| no/not any/not much Interrogative | any/(how) many any/(how) much ‘© Some, any and no are used with uncountable nouns and plural countable nouns. Some is normally used in affirmative sentences. Any is used in interrogative and negative sentences. There are some biscuits in the jar: Is there any juice? No, there isn’t any in the fridge. We can use no instead of not any in the negative. There aren't any biscuits. There are no biscuits. Some can also be used in questions when we expect a positive answer, for example when we make a request or an offer. Would! you like some tea? Can you moke some coffee, please? We normally use a lot of/lots of in affirmative sentences with plural countable nouns and uncountable nouns. We omit of when a lot/lots is not followed by a noun. A lot of can be used in interrogative and i negative sentences in informal English. We've got a lot offlots of sweets. There is a lot of uice in the jug. BUT Have you got many books? Yes, I've got a lot/lots. We normally use much and many in interrogative and negative sentences. Much goes before uncountable nouns and many goes before plural countable nouns. Is there much milk inthe carton? There isn’t much milk let. Have you got many DVDs? | haven’t got many DVDs. How much butter do you want? Not much. How many children are there at football practice? Not many. ~~ ‘Too many can be used with plural countable nouns and has a negative meaning. It shows that there is more of something than is wanted or needed. There are too many cars on the road. Too much can be used with uncountable nouns and has a negative meaning. It shows that there is ‘more of something than is wanted or needed. There's too much tratfic on the motorway. We use a few/few with plural countable nouns (apples, pears, etc). I’ve got a few cherries. ' make a cherry pie. ( not many but enough - positive meaning) (Wery) few people go to the new restaurant as itis very expensive. (= hardly any/almost no - negative meaning) We use a little/little with uncountable nouns (milk, honey, water, etc) ve got a little flour. |’ make a cake. (= not much but enough ~ positive meaning) I’ve got little time today. We can’t go to the shops. (= hardly any/aimost no ~ negative meaning) We can use few and little after very. Very is used for emphasis. There are very few tea bags in the box. We've got very little jam. rs Fal @) Look at the pictures (A-E) and the examples. Underline all the quantifiers. b) How are they used in the sentences? 7ozs — @ Quantifiers Go Fill in the gaps with some or any. 1 A: Have we got any strawborries? B: No, but there are ose APIS. 2 A: Would you like coffee? 3: No, thanks. Have YOU Got vcs tea? 3 A: There aren't carrots in the fridge. B: It’s OK. Fan Buy sen on my way home from school. 4A: We haven't got ... potatoes. B: Never mind, | can make .. pasta 5 A: Is there cola in the house? B: No, but we've got . orange juice. a Choose the correct item. 1 A: How much/How many cereal do you want? B: Not a lot offmuch. 2 A; There aren't many/much tomatoes left. B: Do you want me to buy some more? 3 A: Are there much/many bangnas in the ‘uit bow? No, but there are a lot of/much pears. 4 A: How much/How many eggs do you need for the cake? B: Not many/much. Just two or three. 5 A: Is there many/much ice cream in the freezer? B: Yes, there's lots/lot. 9 in the gaps with too much or too many. 1 Don't put too much sugar in my hot chocolate. 2 You're making burgers for four people! 3 There's. . salt on these tomatoes. A Don't 28t wrens SWEBIS before dinner. 5 You always put .. sauce on the spaghetti 6 Your wardrobe doesn’t close. It's got clothes in it 77 can’t crink this tea, Theres mil in i 8 There is . food on my plate, | can't eat it all 5] Filin the gaps with a few or ite. f 1 A: Can | invite a few of my friends over for dinner? B: Of course, 2. A: Do you like the apple pie? B: Yes, but can | have .... cream with it? 3. A: What are you eating? BB: Just some yoghurt with jam and nuis. 4A: Do you want sugar or honey in your tea? B: Just honey, please. 5A: What are you putting in the fruit salad? B: Melon, cherries and sesso grapes, in many, few, much or ite. — Hi Paull There isn't 1) much food at home. Can you buy a2)... | spaghetti for dinner? Received 18:34 (ee _ Hi Amy! I'm outside Pizza Fest right now. Do you want me to go in | end get 8 3)... { slices of pizza instead? Recelved 18:35 Sure! But | don’t went 4)... mushrooms on mine, or 5) er cheese. Received 18:35 OK! tt takes very 6). time for them to make the pizza, 80 See you at home in a 7. minutes! Received 18:36Fill in the gaps with much, many, how much, how many, few or little. 1 for at's make a shopping list for the picnic. K. 1) How many people are we making sandwiches for? ight. So we need about two loaves of bread. 2). nus Butter have we got in the fridge? lot 3)... Put that on the ist. A: There aren’t 4) eggs either. 8)... senses JO we need? at 2 Just & 6) on We can make some egg Senduiches with a w ”. sonees Mayonnaise and some with cheese. Is there 8) cheese? A: Yes, lots. There isn't 9) lettuce, though, and there aren't 10) tomatoes. We can buy some now. 11) money have you got? A: About £10. Great! Let’s go. GB Choose the correct item. 1. There isn't... rige in the cupboard. A many much Cc few 2 “How much juice have we got?” *....." A Alot BAlotof CG Lotsof 3 Would you like ...... chips with your burger? A any B alittle — C some 4 There is ...... butter left. I'll naed to go to the supermarket. A any Bono © some 5 There is very ..... tea in the pot. A ttle B few © alittle 6 There are only ...... peaches left, A afew B alittle Clots 7 How ...... chairs do we need for the cinner party? A few B many = G much 8 Ave there ...... sweets in the cupboard? A some B much —-G any Quantifiers \ [a] Complete the second sentence so that it means the same as the first. Use up to three words. 1. We haven't got much flour. We have got very fttle flour. 2 Can you tell me the number of cakes you need? Can you tell me .. you need? 3. This pie is really salty. There is salt in this pie. 4 These biscuits are really sweet! There IS corcsoneenmnateeee Sugar in these biscuits! 5. There are no steaks in the freezer, ‘There aren't. . steaks in the freezer. 6 | don't want many potatoes. I'm not very hungry. | only want I'm not very hungry. 7 Ian drinks very little water. lan doesn't drink ... 8 We've got very few carrots. We haven't gat . cakes potatoes, water. . carrots. Speaking Look at Tony's food diary. Use the key to tell your partner what Tony eats/drinks. Savunday Belces of toast Gcandwiches 2eeas Bpertions of vegetables | 5 pieces of chocolate Balices of pizza 2 cups oftea mute ‘biscuits 3 glasses of water 8 glasses of water PUTTERS TESTED A: On Fridays, Tony drinks very little milk. B: On Saturdays, he doesn't eat much toast. 9Question words ‘The wh-questions begin with a question word such as who, what, where, when, etc. We put the auxiliary (is, are, do, does, etc) or modal ver’ (can, must, etc) before the subject. + who/whose (people) “who mows the lawn every week?” “my dad does.” “Whose skateboard is that?” or “Whose is thot skateboard?” "Liam's," what/which (things) ‘What is used alone of before a noun to ask about things. “What is your favourite colour?” “Purple.” What is also used to ask about people, animals and things when there is an unlimited choice of answers. What films do you like watching? (unlimited choice of films) Which is used alone or before nouns, one/ones and of, to ask about people, animals and things. Which is normally used when there is only a limited choice of answers. “Which T-shirt are you wearing, the blue one or the ted one?” “The red one." (Which of the two? ~ limited choice) Which is also used with the comparative and superlative form. “Which is faster, a cheetah or @ panther?” where (place) “Where are you going in the summer?” “To the south of France.” Notes: ‘© when/how long (ago)/how often/what time (time) “When does the plane leave?” “ALT pm, | thi “How long does it take you to get to school?” “About 15 minutes.” “How often do you go to the gym?” “Every Mondey.” “What time do you start tennis practice?” “at 6am." ‘how much (quantity) “How much sugar do we need for the pie?” “Not much.” hhow many (number) “How many children are coming to your party?" “Twenty-five.” how (manner) “How are we getting to the airport?” “by train.” why (reason) “Why is John excited?” "Because he's going on holiday tomorrow." how old (age) “How old are you?” “Sixteen.” how far (distance) “Hove far is your home from work?” “About five kilometres.” how long/how tall (size) "How long are Bev's boots?” “They go up to her knees.” “How tall is Brad?” “He's 1.90 m tall.” + We use what + be... lke to ask for a description of someone's character. “What's he like?" “He is very friendly and social. He has many friends and loves meeting new people.” + We use what + do ... look like to ask for a description of someone's physical appearance. “what does your father look like?” “te’s tall and has dark curly hair.” Choose the correct item. 1... people lve in your house? A How much How many C How long 2 ve Phone is yours? The black one or the purple one? A What B Whose = © Which 3 ss do your lessons start? A What time B How often G How long 4 su is your favourite novel? ‘A Which B Who c What 5... the train station from your house?” A How long B How far © How often 6... are you smiling? A How B What © WhyFill in: where, how fong, how far, how much, what, which, when, how old, how, how many. ‘A: Good afternoon, Evergreen Summer Camp. 1) How can thelp you? B: Hello, I'm interested in this year’s camp. Can you tell me 2) .- It starts? A On 21st July. dogs it last? A: For three weeks. B: Excellent. 4)... the camp? A: It's in the New Forest, near Lyndhurst. B: OK, 8) is that from London? ‘A: 140 Kllometres, It takes about two hours by car. . does the camp cost? A‘ Hts £180 for each Child. 7) chiléren do you want to book places for? B: Two, please. My son and my daughter. . are they? exactly is ‘A: OK. | can send you an information pack by ‘email or post; 9). . do you prefer? B: Email, please. A: 10) .« i your address? B: It’s michael7@mail.co.uk. A: Thank you very much. I'm sending the information now. Complete questions to find out a few things about Tony. 1 What is Tony tke? Tony is friendly and very funny. He likes playing music in his free time. 3 a aii He can play twa Instruments; the guitar and the drums. He practises at the weekends, He rehearses at a music studio. It’s just a twenty-minute drive from ti house His brother drives him there. They practise twice a week. Question words \\ ) ff] Write questions to which the words in bold are the answers. MEET OUR STUDENTS: Ivar Vesik Ivar is 1)twenty years old. He's from 2) Tallinn in Estonia, but he lives in the UK 8) because he's a student at Westminster University. He ives 4) in Lambeth. It takes him 5) twenty minutes to walk to his lectures every day. In his spare time, Ivar likes 6) rowing. He goes to rowing practice 7) five times a week’ He enjoys rowing 8) because it helps him to relax. How old is Ivar? 1 2 a 4 5 6 7 a Speaking In pairs, ask and answer questions to complete the questionnaire. e Age: under 160) 17-240 26 sae over 400) City/Town: Occupation: I buy new clothes: once a week C] once @ month CI ‘onee a year 0) I usually spend: $10-19[] $20-500) over $5001 I buy clothes for: family 1] friends C) myself Mike shopping clothes at Macy's because... A: How old are you? B: I'm... etc WWPronouns/Possessives Personal subject/object pronouns “Subject pronouns |, you, he, she, it, we, you, they ‘Object pronouns] me, you, him, her, it, us, you, them Subject pronouns go before verbs as subjects. ‘We use them instead of nouns or names. This coat is so beautifull It really suits you! Where's Lucy? She's in the classroom, (NOT: Lueyis in the classroom.) Possessive adjectives/pronouns Object pronouns go after verbs or prepositions as objects. ‘Maria’s got two dogs. She takes them for a walk every moming. Look at him! Possessive adjectives my our your ‘your his/her/its their Possessive pronouns| mine ours yours yours his/hers/—_ theirs «+ Possessive adjectives show: a) that something belongs to somebody. This is my dog, Jack. b) the relationship between two or more people. These are our daughters. + We put possessive adjectives before nouns. Js that your umbrella? Note: * its = possessive adjective Look at that bird Its feathers are beavitf * it's =itis or it has It's (itis) a cold windy day. It’ (It has) got a fong fluffy tot Possessive case + Possessive pronouns show that something belongs to someone, Possessive pronouns are not followed by nouns. ‘Compare: This is my tablet. (possessive adjective) It's mine. (possessive pronoun) Note: * There is no possessive pronoun for ‘it’. “s/s! (people and animals) of (inanimate things and people) * singular noun +'s - the boy’s bail + regular plural noun + ~ the girs” bikes * irregular plural noun + ’s ~ the women's handbags + compound noun + 's — my mother-in-law’ sister + ‘5 after the last of two or more names to show ‘common possession. Mary and Cynthia's cottage (They share the same cottage.) BUT Mary's and Kim's cottages (Each one has got theit own cottage.) * of + inanimate thing/abstract noun’ + of + possessive case/possessive pronoun when + of + people (in longer phrases) ‘+ 's/of to talk about places or organisations. the price tag of a coat, the circle of life there is a determiner or an article (this, any, a, etc) before the noun. Look at this drawing of Da Vine!’ (one of Da Vinci's paintings) A song of his. (one of, his songs) a friend of mine (NOT: of Fe) That's the brother of one of my classmates. Scotland's castles/the castles of Scotland + phrases of place + ’s at the butcher's time/distance expression + ‘s/' tomorrow's exhibition, two hours’ walk * to singular names ending in -s we can either add ‘s or just an apostrophe. Both options are correct. However, ‘sis more usual. James's jacket (or james’ jacket) + Plural names ending in -s take an apostrophe, just like with other plurals. The Wilis” are going to Legoland on Saturday. * We can use the possessive case without a noun afte This skateboard is not mine. I's PetersFill in the correct subject or object pronoun. 1 2 Both is my friend. Vile are in the same class at school. | take my brother to nursery in the mornings and pick upat 3 My dad and | love it when Mum makes... Pizza. Billy and Bobby are my dogs. '’'m going shopping. Do want to come with sleep in my bedroom. sm I know Penny and Jil. | see .. every Tuesday at basketball practice. Ben is my COUSIN. sss lives in Australia, This Maths question is difficult. can't do Fill in the correct possessive adjective/pronoun. 1 A B: Can | borrow ... This bag doesn’t belong to me. Is it yours, Katie? No, it's not mine. It's my mum's. bike, Helen? Sorry, Ineed it. Ray's got a bike. Maybe you can borrow : The Jacksons live on this street, That's . house over there. Yes, and that red car is 7 .. 100. IS ANS «snes COat, Nancy? No, its Emma's, Those gloves are sve: 100, Do you share a room with brother? Yes. This big bedroom at the front is 7 Is Dad home? ... car is outside. No, he’s out shopping with Mum. They're using sessseens Oil Pronouns/Possessives ll in its or its. 1 Let’s go for a walk. I's a lovely, sunny day. 2 like my town, ....... got lots of great shops, 8. My parents’ bedroom has got ....... own bathroom. 4 The new sports contre is fantastic! got three different swimming pools, 5 Your puppy is s0 cute! | love ....... big, brown eyes. 6 I really enjoy Science. ....... my favourite subject. B Connect the nouns using ’s, (’), or of. 1 Britain/the prime Minister the Prime Minister of Britain 2. rive/three hours 3 shop/Ellen and Mike 4 jungles/Aftica 7 5 books/the boys ‘1 6 mobile phone/Anna 7 8 9 0 ‘some cousins/my father ccar/my brother-in-law cal/Mrs Ellis the toys/children cm Choose the correct item. | { Are those Adams'/Adam’s shoes? (My sister is 21. She/Her is at university, This is ours/our school. Look at thet tree. It’s/Its leaves are a lovely colour. Maria is in the women's/womens' changing room. Is Derek a friend of yours/you? ove Luke's and Emma's/Luke and Emma's new flat, This scarf is mine/my. Those earrings are beautiful. Can | try them/they? 'm going to the opticians’/optician’s to buy some new glasses, : Speaking Write the names of people, places or things you like or don't like in the boxes below. Semorvoasena || 2 famous actress , take it in turns to ask your partner: What do you think of .. A: What do you think of the Killers? B: Like them. They sing really nice songs. Thelr latest CD is = 13The verbs to be, have got, can Affirmative | m, He/She/lt’s, We/You/They're Negative Ym not, He/She/lt isn’t, WelYourThey aren’t Interrogative | Am P, Is he/she/t?, Are we/you/they? Short Yes, |am., Yes, he/she/itis,, Yes, we/you/they are. Answers No, I'm not., No, he/she/it isn’t, No, we/you/they aren’ In short answers, we do not repeat the whole question. ‘We only use Yes or No, the subject pronoun and the verb form am (‘m not)/is (isn’t)/are (aren't). ‘Are you Spanish? No, I'm not. We use the verb have got: 2) to show that something belongs to somebody. She's got a bike }b) to describe people, animals or things. He's got short fair hair ©) to talk about relationships. I’ve got a twin sister. d)in the following expressions: I've got a headache, I've got a temperature, I've got a cough, I've got a toothache, 've got a cold, I've got a problem. [Affirmative | /We/You/They've got. _| He/She/it’s got. Negative | 1/We/You/They haven't got. | He/She/lt hasn’t got. Interrogative | Have I/we/you/they got? | Has he/she/it got? Short __| Yes, I/we/you/they have. | Yes, he/she/it has. Answers No, Vwe/you/the haven't. | No, he/she/it hasn't. In short answers, we only use Yes or No, the subject pronoun and the verb have (haven't)/has (hasn't). We don't use got. Have you got a notebook? Yes, | have. (NOT: Yes-Hhave-got) ‘We use got more in the present and not so often in the past tense. She had skates wien she was younger. (NOT: She had get... ~ itis less common) ‘Affirmative __|1/You/He/She/it/We/You/They can walk. Negative TWou/tie/She/It/We/You/They can't walk. Interrogative | Can W/you/he/she/itiwe/you/they walk? Short Yes, V/you/he/she/itiwe/you/they can. Answers: No, l/youhe/she/it/we/you/they can’t. * The verb can is the same in all persons in the singular and in the plural, and is always followed by a verb. © We use can to show ability, can dance. | can't play the piano.Circle the correct form of the verb have got, can or be. 1 (®/ Are Michael your friend? 2 We hasn't / haven't got a pet. 3 | can / can’t meet you tomorrow. I'm free all day. 4 l'mnot / aren't a very good dancer. 5 Tim have / has got a really bad headache. 6 Jack and Abigail isn’t / aren't in Year 10. They're in Year 8, 7 |can’t/can check my emails. My computer isn’t working. 8 Have / Has you got anew Ww 9 Can't / Can Norman play chess? 10. Jenny hasn't / haven't got any homework to do. 11 Raymond aren't / isn’t my cousin. 12 Am/ Are we leaving soon? Fill in the correct form of have got, can or be to find out a few things about James and his family. 1 James is twenty years old. BHO verre brown heir and green eyes. 3 He very friencily and intelligent, 4 James two sisters. 5 They .. . twins. Theit names are Jessica and Suzie. 6 They . play the piano but they sing or dance. 7 Jamas and his sisters students at Loughborough College. 8 THEY acarso they take the bus to college. The verbs to be, have got, can Complete the exchanges using the correct form of have. got, can or be. 1 A: Can you ride a motorbike? B: No, | can't, but | can ride @ horse, 2A vo Luca and Sonia from Spain? B: Yes, they .. They ‘speak Spanish. BA ssnssstne YOU sesso 8 COI? 8: No, But | a fever AAS counts Susie FORM and write? B: No, she She's only three! BA Matteo from Portugal? BE NO, Re sesne « HO from Italy, BA. . you make me a sandwich? B: No, |. LNG ee any bread, 7A sae Robin sons 8 BIKE? B: Yes, he . blue and white. BAS cnneene YOU a brother? Be Y@S, | seecee «HO cnsnsesnes 16 Yor Old. Read Emma's personal profile and fill in the gaps with the correct form of have got, can or be. 1 ne ee Horseback Riding Club: |) ee ec eae Hil My name 4)is Emma and 1 2) .. eighteen years old. | 3) . brown hair and blue eyes. | live in London with my parents. They 4) . both doctors and they 5) .. an office on Harley Street. | 6) onsen any brothers or sisters. 1D) cesses ride and | 8) a horse. His name 9) ssseae Thomas. He 40) .. : black and he 14) seousnesenes @ [Ong tall. Thomas 12). old, so he 43) : run very fast, but he 14) stil jump over fences. Speaking and Writing Use the words in the list to make true sentences about yourself. Tell the class. Then, write a short paragraph presenting yourself on your personal profile. short hair © green eyes * tall © 16 years old History stucient * one brother © a cat a laptop ‘+a skateboard * ride a horse * play the piano * sing + speak English * only child * play basketball J haven't got short hair &16 What time does Present simple vs Present continuous The band sings briliantiy im this olbumn, When is their {next single coming out? the train arrive?, The Moon | work as a teacher, moves around but this summer tam the Earth, also helping out at my ‘mother's bookshop. Form: main verb (+s in the third person singular) always running Tote. Lately, itis becoming dificult for people to get to work on time due to heavy traffic. to be + main verb + -ing Teat, He/She/it eats, AFFIRMATIVE | Wertousthey eat Tm running, He/She/it’s running, AFFIRMATIVE | \We/You/They're running Tdon’t eat, He/She/It doesn’t eat, WelYou/They don't eat NEGATIVE Tm not running, He/She/t isn’t running, We/You/They aren’t running NEGATIVE ~ [DoT eat? INTERROGATIVE | Does he/she/it eat? Do we/you/they eat? ‘Am T running? INTERROGATIVE| Is he/she/it running? ‘Are welyou/they running? Yes, liwe/yourthey do./ No, l/we/you/they don’t. Yes, he/she/it does./ No, he/she/it doesn't. ‘SHORT ANSWERS Yes, |am./No, I'm not. Yes, he/she/it is No, he/she/it isn't. Yes, we/you/they are./ No, we/you/they aren't. SHORT ‘ANSWERS, Spelling: 3rd person singular Most verbs take -s in the third person singular. walk = he walks Verbs ending in -5s,-sh, -ch, -x and -o, take -es. 1 kiss —he kisses, | fish —he fishes, | catch —he catches, | mix —he mixes, | go ~ he goes Verbs ending in a consonant + y, drop the -y and take les. | try —he tries Verbs ending in a vowel + y take -s only. 1 buy — he buys ‘We use the present simple for: + permanent states. Jan lives ina twosbedroom cottage in the countryside. habits and routines (with always, usually, etc). Molly cvays brushes her teeth ater every meal, timetables and programmes (future reference). The charity shop opens at 9 o'clock. general truths and laws of nature. Water boils at 100°C. sporting commentaries, reviews and narrations. Leonarda Di Coprio successfully plays the role of Frank Abagnale in “Catch me if you can”. to the base form of the main verb. work - working, drink — drinking, send ~ sending * Verbs ending in -e, drop the -e and ad -ing. dance — dancing, type — typing * Verbs ending in a vowel and a consonant, double the consonant and add -ing. sit sitting, admit — admitting * Verbs ending in -ie change the -le to -y and add -ing. ie — lying We use the present continuous: * for temporary actions and situations. John is working overtime these days. for actions taking place at or around the moment of speaking. Me's listening to music right now. for fixed arrangements in the near future. We are going on safari next month, for currently changing and developing situations. Computers are becoming faster every day. with adverbs such as always to express anger or tation at a repeated action You are always calling me late at night!Present simple vs Present continuous Look at the pictures (A-E) on p. 16 and underline all the verbs. a) Identify in which tense each verb is. b) How do we form the affirmative, negative and interrogative of these tenses? c) Which uses of these tenses does each verb show? Fill in the third person singular form of the verbs below. 1 walk- walks 6 match - 2 CY = vncssenae 7 listen — BK = aa 8 wish A BEY = smears 9 dO seme B Kiss ese 10 take = Pronunciation -s/-es in the third person singular is pronounced: + /s/ in verbs ending in /t, /k/, oF IV sounds, + fia/ in verbs ending in /s/, /f/, i, Ja3/ oF /2/ sounds. ‘» /z/ in verbs ending in all other sounds. Write the third person singular of the verbs in the correct box, asin the example. Then, read the verbs aloud. *talk * finish © go * teach * drink * enjoy * give * brush * miss * stop * chat ° run * catch * begin » sit * change talks, Ish goes, i 7) Complete the exchanges with the present simple of the verbs in brackets. 1. A: Do you leave (you/leave) home at saven o'clock every day? B: Yes, but the bus (not/arrive) until 7.20, 2 AL sneer (Jo/wOrK) in London? B: Yas, bt She so esssesssseeen (VE) i Reading, 3A.. : (Ben and Ashley/play) football on Tuesdays? BE NO, they arr (g0) swimming, 4A; What 3 . (Alex/do) after class every day? Bs HE sseseccnennesnnene (hang out) with his friends. a Put the verbs in the correct box adding - ing. ‘open * move * tie run * talk © stop ‘* give * die + write * buy * begin * make ea OPOMING, ssteseerssnenis eee moving, “ey +-ing tying, double consonant + -ing (09) Look at the picture and correct the sentences, as in the example. Use the phrases below. + use @ laptop * talk on the phone * buy a ticket * drink a cup of coffee + stand on the platform ‘Anna is reading the newspeper. No, she isn’t. She's using a laptop. 2 Lizzie is eating a sandwich. Paul is sitting on a bench. e 4 Louise is sending a text message. Tony is ordering some food. a 17Adverbs of frequency ‘Adverbs of frequency show us how often something happens. They answer the question: ‘How often ...2. We often use adverbs of frequency with the present simple, “How often does Stella go abroad on holiday?” “Never. She never goes abroad.” We use adverbs of frequency: a) before the main verb, Bob always has breakfast with his children. b)after the auxiliary verbs be, have, do and modal verbs such as can, will, must, etc. ‘Our new neighbour is always so friendly to everyone, Bob doesn’t uswally drink coffee in the morning. | Note: The adverbs rarely/seldom/hardly ever and never have @ negative meaning, and they are never used with the word not. Tom rarely watches TV in the evenings. (NOT: Tom doesn‘: saraly watch TV in the evenings.) ‘Anna is a vegetarian, She never eats meat. (NOT: .. she doesnt-vever eat meat.) Ja Look at the pictures and the adverbs of frequency. a) What do they show? b) How are they used in a sentence? Tick the appropriate gap in the sentences below to indicate the correct position of the adverb of frequency. 1 Terry .¥. works .... outdoors .... in the summer. (usually) 2 Kelly... is... late ... for college. (never) 3. My flatmate .... asks .... me ... to Cook dinner. (often) 4 LAUT oe CAM soe DE oe, CAPBIESS. (sometimes) 5 Annie .... is ... at home ..., these days. (rarely) 6 Peter .... plays ..., hockey .... at the 7 Juliette .... has .... wanted .... lo go scuba iving. (always) 8 Joseph .... eats .... seafood .... ~ he can't stand it! (never) Tracey .... doesn't .. weekdays, (usually) Kim .... hangs out ... mall. (often) | weekends. (seldom) go to the gym on | 10 with her friends at the 18 ee aren't you Inever, forget a face. ~ 2 N RES AM is ceorse ‘val Who said anything a about names? Where can you always find happiness? (in a dictionary, ‘Adverbs of frequency always (100%) sometimes (2096) usually (75%) | rarely/seldom/hardly ever (10%) often (50%) [never (0%) Make sentences, as in the example. Use ‘the adverbs of frequency from the key. KEY aways [sometimes usually *"* — [rarely/seldom * often" _‘|never 0 1 we/wateh/TV () We sometimes watch TV. Lucinda/wear/casual clothes (*) Joa and Anna/be/lazy (0) you/ouy/clothes/at Topshop? (*) Trevor/be/polite (* Andy/startAvork/at 8.30 (***") Michelle/drive/to college? (*™) Vean/understand/TV programmes/in French. (****)Adverbs of frequency Identify the tenses in bold, and then match them to the correct description. [ih] Ramsey passes the ball to Collins. a fact or permanent state [ZI] vacké Is travelling to Paris tomorrow. b a temporary situation [BJ The Sun rises in the east. © achanging or developing [AL] My train departs at 4.20. situation More and more people are working in the technology @ ahabit or rostine industry. ea general truth or law of nature [6[_] Tom eats lunch in the canteen every day. fa fixed arrangement in the near ‘Amande end Sam live in Hampstead. ile: [BI_]He isn't driving to work this week because his car is at the 9 @ timetable ha sporting commentary garage. §]] Put the verbs in brackets into the present simple or the Put the verbs in brackets into present continuous. the correct form of the present 1. Beth often opens (open) her shop at the weekends, but lls of Mie reat this Saturday she is faking (take) a day off. conftiouotts. 2 We rarely... (finish) lessons before 3:00 pm, but 1A: Is Paul going (Paul/go) to tOday they .nnmnrnrnenn (C1088) the college at 1:00, Borin next week? 3. My cousins .. vowon (@at) dinner at my house once a B: Yes, he ‘week, but tonight we. .» (meet) in a restaurant (visit) relatives in Munich, 2 4 David usually . (stop) work at 6 pm, but this but he .. 2 aftern00n Ne werner (eave) at 3.30. (novstay) for long 5 Most days, we .... (walk) to the shops, but this 2k (you/do) morning we. soe (Give). anything after class today? B: Yes, | (take) my dog to the vet, BA reat (Caura/ usually/sit) hore? Time words/phrases we use with the present simple are: usually, often, always, every day/week/month/year, ete. in the morning/ afternoon/evening, at night/ the weekend, on Fridays, etc. B: Yes, but she (no/eome) in today, Sho "Time words/phrases we use with the present continuous are:| - is cose (work) ‘now, this week/month, et. at the moment, at present, these days, from home. nowadays, stil, today, tonight, etc. ak (ulias take part) in the concert rrext weak? Choose the correct time expression. B: Yes. She's an excellent 1. Glare is working part-time every week/these days. eee eae 2 We go skating this Thursday/on Thursdays. avery bee 3 Are you playing golf today/every day? 5 A: What time 4. Why s she always/usually talking <0 loudly? I's so (Anna and annoying! Kevin/finish) callegs on 5 Is Simon every day/still |coking for a job? Fridays? 6 We drive to France in August every year/this year. 5: Well, they 7. Dad is working overiime this evening/every evening. aiid occa) 8 Susan is watching a DVD at weekends/now. {etay) ine to rohwarse for the summer show. 1920 Zi. z aoe Stative Verbs are verbs which describe a state rather than an action, and do not normally have continuous tenses. These verbs include: * verbs of the senses (see, hear, smell, taste, feel, look, sound, seem, appear, etc). You seem very tired. + verbs of perception (know, believe, understand, realise, remember, forget, etc). | don’t know what you're talking about. + verbs which express feelings and emotions (like, + some other verbs: agree, be, belong, contain, ‘owe, own, require, suppose, weigh, wish, etc. These jeans don't fit me; Il try on another pair. Some of these verbs can be used in continuous tenses when they describe actions and not states, but there is a difference in meaning. love, hate, enjoy, prefer, want, etc). Kim loves this cartoon show. continue, cost, fit, have (= possess), include, matter, need, Present simple Present continuous ‘She is very friendly. (= character — permanent state) He is being very polit. (= he is behaving ~ temporary state) T think his new house i great. (= | believe) Tm thinking about going to Woles. (= lam considering) They have o holiday villa. (= they possess) We're having « fantastic time. (= are experiencing) They’te having a porty. (= are holding) He's having a pizza, (a's eating) This dress looks very elegant, (= appears) Tin Toaking at some interesting paintings. (= Tam taking a look at) Tseethat you can play tennis realy well. (= its vibe) {see why you like ther new CD. (= understand) 1m seeing an old schoo! friend tonight. (= 1am meeting) This tie feels lke silk. (= it has the texture of) Ben is Feeling his forehead to see if he’s got a temperature. (= | touching) This cake tastes very sweet. it has a sweet flavour) She’ tasting the soup to see 15 OR. (= she is testing the favour) These lilies smell lovely. © they have a nice aroma) Tim ts smelling the perfume fo see i she fikes it (= she is sniffing) She appears to be very tired. (= she seems) ‘My son is appearing inthe school play. @ he is performing) This skirt fits you perfectly. (= is the right size) Timi Ts fitting a basketbal hoop th the garden. (= hes installing) @ Choose the correct verb tense. 1A: This dress is beautiful and it isn’t costing/doesn't cost much. B: | know, but | 'm looking/look for something more formal That suit is fitting/fits you perfectly! B: Thanks! It belongs/is belonging to my brother. I'm borrowing it for my job interview. the evening shift this week? B: | prefer/am preferring working in the mornings. I'm not knowing/don’t know where Chartie and John are. B: They have/are having a meeting with Mr Cousins, You seem/are seeming nervous B Yes, | think/am thinking about my frst day of college tomorrow. Are you wanting/Do you want to work Fill in the gaps with the present simple or the present continuous of the verb given. 1 have a. Chris has a pet dog, b We are having lunch with Aunt Sarah today. 2 look 2 Your new bedr00M wnnnee- fantastic! bi. soo t this magazine, 3 appear a My friend . ina programme on TV. b Joshua to be very happy today. 4 think a Colin about becoming a pilot. DB Tvesrmnenemnne Paramedics have a dificult job 5 see a Mum her brother later today. b) leg why you lke painting ~ its very creative,Sarah astic! silo. ve a day. ating Put the verbs in brackets into the correct form of the present simple or the present continuous. Jo:[uke2 1 @server.co.uk From:|thomas@meil.com. Subject:[Sunday Hi Luke! How are you? 1) Do you like (yourlike) your university course? | (take) a break from studying and, at the moment, |). .~ (work) at Greenfields College. | 4) on. {usually/arrive) at work at 8 am and | 5). . (not/leave) until after 6 pm, so it's a ‘goo thing | 6) .. (love) my job! 17)... (teach) At History at the collage on weekdays and, at weekends, | 8)... . (volunteer) at a museum, This Saturday we 9) . (have) an Egyptian Day. All the staff 10) . (wear) ancient Egyptian . (serve) Egyptian (sound) fun! (yourdo} on Sundey? | {not/do) anything special, but | (think) of going to the cinema, .. (you/want) to come with me? Call me, costumes and they 11)... food in the museum café. It 12)... What 13) ia BAM 15) 16) fj] Put the verbs in brackets into the correct form of the present simple or the present continuous. Then, answer the questions about yourself. 1. Do you like (yourlike) going to the cinema? Yes, | do. / No, I don't. 2 .» (you/use) 2 computer tight now? 8. “ (youl) your homeware tthe moment? 4 (vou/pay) sports atthe weekend? 5 .- (your dad/work) in an offica? 8 (your mum/ave) kon at work? igen ose (youfsuirt the Net) most days? Steet «(our best fiend/sit) next to you now? Stative verbs \ ) Transformations Complete the second sentence 0 that it means the same as, the first, Use up to three words. 1 [have an appointment with Mrs Snow this afternoon. lam meeting Mrs Snow this afternoon 2 They always start work before 9 o’olock. ie .. alter 9 o'clock, 3 We have French lessons on Mondays and Wednesdays. We have French lessons Fs week. 4 My plans for this Saturday include going to the cinema. to the cinema this Saturday. 5 Emily doesn’t often go out in the evenings, Emily rarely svesnneesneos IM thE VEINS. 6 Tony is in Stratford now, but his job is in central London. Tony is in Stratford now, but he .. central London. Speaking What do you like doing in your free time? What are you doing this weekend? Tell your partner. A: What do you usually do in your tree time? 8: | usually... . !sometimes What about you? A: 1 don't ike... 80 often B What are you doing this weekend? A: 'm going Writing Using your answers from the ‘Speaking activity, write an email to a friend telling him/her what you usually do in your free time and what your plans are for this weekend. Use ex. 16 as a model. 21 a‘Mum, do you remember my classmate Ire who I usually go to the ‘gym with? You know, the one whose sister works at the hairdresser's The relative pronouns who/that, | Where you sometimes go! Well, I've got a book of hers, which I'm whose and which/that, and the relative adverbs where, when and why introduce relative clauses. Relative pronouns people ‘who/that objects/animals | which/that possession [whose Relative adverbs place | where when why ‘+ We use who/that to refer to people, The lady who/that owns that beautiful house is my Act teacher. We use which/that to refer to animals, objects and ideas. The film which/that won this year’s Oscar is on TV tonight ‘We use whose with people, objects and animals ‘order to show possession. We cannot omit ‘whose in a relative clause. This is the woman whose son is @ famous footballer. We don’t use a relative pronoun with another pronoun (I, you, he, him, etc). know someone who films wildlife documentaries. (NOT: | know someone who he fleas wildlife. docurmanteres.) reading for English class, and she wants it back. Is it on my desk? I's Olver Twist. It’s the one I was reading the day when 1 wos il. ‘Ah yes, can see it! realy don’t know the reason why you keep forgetting things? Relative pronouns as subjects and objects ‘+ We cannot omit who/which/that when itis the subject of a relative clause, that is, when there is not a noun or subject pronoun between the relative pronoun and the verb. met a man. He isa pilot. met 0 man who/that is « pilot. We can omit who/which/that when it is the ‘object of a relative clause, that is, when there is ‘a noun or subject pronoun between the relative pronoun and the verb. This is my new scooter. | use it to go to work, This is my new scooter (which/that) | use to go to work, Note: Do not confuse who's, the short form of who is and who has, with whose, which expresses possession. Relatives adverbs We use when to refer to time, When is used after nouns such as time, period, moment, day and season. It ‘can be replaced by that or omitted. Do you remember the day (when/that) you passed your driving test? We use where to refer to places. Where Is used after nouns such as place, house, street, town and) country. The town where | come from is really small We use winy to give reasons. Why can be used after the word reason, and in this case it can be replaced by that or omitted, Do you know the reason (why/that) she always feels so tired?Relatives fining - Non-defining relative ‘There are two types of relative clauses: defining relative clauses and non-defining relative clauses. «A defining relative clause gives necessary information and is essential to the meaning of the main sentence. We do not put the clause in commas, and it is introduced with who, which, that, whose, where, when and the reason (why). The relative pronoun can be omitted when it is the object of the relative clause. The fomily who lives next door is having a party. (Which family? The family who lives next door.) Did you find the book (which/that) you were looking for? (Which book? The one which you were looking for.) + Anon-defining relative clause gives extra information and is not essential to the meaning of the main sentence, The clause is put in commas, and itis introduced with who, which, whose, where and when. We cannot omit the relative pronoun or adverb, We cannot use that instead of who or which. ‘Moria, who Is very clever, won a Maths competition. (‘Maria won a Maths competition’ - the meaning of the sentence is clear; ‘who is very clever’ — the relative clause — gives extra information) Look at the picture and examples on p. 22. Look at the words in bold. a) Say which are relative pronouns and which are relative adverbs. Underline one defining and one non-defining relative clause. What is the difference between defining and non-defining relative clauses? b) Which relative pronoun or adverb can we replace with that? a Choose the correct item. Match to form sentences and 1. That's the girl whos/whose father is a surgeon. = oer aE Pronouns or 2 Do you know who's/whose sitting next to Jane? 8 Is that the man who's/whose got a clothes shop? Te 4. That's the lady who's/whose daughter owns the nail zee salon. 5. What's the name of the boy who's/whose party you're Seer ee going to? 4]_] 2016 is the year 6 Mr Alvin is the man who's/whose doing the interviews. [51] That's the bag 6 |_| That's the reason 7[_| is that the litte boy Fill in the gaps with where, when, why, who or which. aT eee 1. A: Is that your computer? B: Yes, i's the one which | use for work. Sacer 2 A: Do you know Marie? b . goes to your B: Is she the gir designs clothes for Gaughiers sehoo!? ‘Tonshon? a .». Danialle is Can we meet at 1 o'clock? post? : Sure, That's the time vneeneeenenne Lusually have eet roamectiek my lunch break. Italian restaurant. 4 A: Do you know the reason ..... Toby is late Which Jake wears to work. today? Bov works. 8: Yes, he's got @ doctor's appointment. ey tg BA: Ie this the ShOp wasn snnnee Julie works? books in B: Yes, she's a shop assistant here. h canst 6 A: Can! see the book . you're reading university these days? : Of course, I's upstaira in my bedroam. B: 2324 Relatives Join the sentences. Use relative pronouns and adverbs. 1. I want to speak to the waiter. He works the morning shift, J want to spsak to the waiter who works the morning shit. 2 You always want clothes, They are really expensive, 3. That's the office. My dad works there. 4 Tomorrow is the day. I'm having my job interview. 5 | can't understand. You are always losing your keys. 6 lke the jacket. You wear it to college. 7 This is the place. We park our car here. 8 Kelly is the girl. Her brother is an actor. Fill in the correct relative pronoun. Then write S for subject or O for object. Finally, state if the relative can be omitted or not. 1. What's the name of the woman who/that is, in charge of the bank? (S ~ not omitted) 2 This is the bike Iride at the weekends. 3 Is that the man... presents the news? 4. Dale is the student . .. uncle is the headteacher, 5 The laptop .. . I'm using now is new. 6 That's the git. . set up our online shop. 7 November is the time of the year usually plant roses. 8 Is this the department ..nrrme deals with customers’ complaints? 7A) Fill in with a relative pronoun or adverb. Write D for defining, ND for non-defining, and state if the relative can be omitted or not. Add commas where necessary. 4 Jason, who is @ banker, works at Leicester Bank, ND - not omitted 2 The skiri you're wearing looks great. 3 Mr Simmons ......... shop is on Frith Street is employing me for the summer... 4 Laura ......... Is only 25 is already a famous AUTON, eorsssee 5 | like the earrings you're wearing today. ee 6 This is the shop | buy all my shoes. 7 My caf «0 | drive to collage is blue, 8 Ben and Tom ....... mother is from Spain run a Spanish restaurant. we're meeting 9 Thursday is the day ae our new tutor 10 Do you like this dress ........ 'm making for my baby cousin? i a Choose the correct item. 1 Where's the security guard ...... usually sits outside? @ who © whos 2 This is the magazine ...... Lydia edits. Awhee — Bwhen — G which 3. Chris is someone ...... | know from the swimming club. B whose A which B who © whose 4 The traffic is the reason ....... I'm not home. yet A which B why © who 5 Where's the file ....... Penny needs for her presentation? A where B who © which 6 This Is the restaurant ....... | meet my friends for lunch. A which B where = G when 7 Is that the couple swimming pool? house has a big A who B whos © whose 8 Next Saturday is the day........ the football season starts. A when B which © wherevester syoat Street mous ving noes. Spain ‘ating ig for y sits 28 ch 1 the ose rome her ch my 388 ral re Read the radio interview and fill in the gaps with the correct relative pronoun or adverb. Hello, listeners. Today I'm talking to a firefighter 1) whose ‘name is Tony Cassar. Welcome, Tony. ‘Thanks for having me, Kate. So, Tony, tell us about your Job. Well, | work at the Hammersmith Station, 2) . in London, Because London is a big place, 3)... lots of emergencies happen, we're always busy. Have you got a big team? ‘There are lots of firefighters at the station, but | usually work with my best friend ROb, 4) seme Fives the fire engine, and two other men. Do you enjoy your job? Well, | miss my fermily at the times 5) ......e00 Work at nights or weekends. But the reason 6) . ma firefighter is that | want to help people in danger, and ‘that's what my job is all about. Transformations Complete the second sentence so that it means the same as the first. Use up to three words. 1 Luke is a medical student. His dream is to become a doctor. Luke is @ madical student whose dream is to become a doctor. 2 Mr Ronson is my teachar. He's on TV now. Mr Ronson, soeuenns MY teacher, is on TV now. 8 Dad leaves the office at 5:30. 6:30 18 the tIME ona sensesseneeineceeens the office. 4. 'mwriting an essay for college. Do you want to read It? Do you want to read the essay vwntiting for college? 5 Bilan is 19 years old. He is studying Art. Brian, oo 19 years old, is studying Art 6 Mandy lives in this building. This is the building ... : olives. 7 V'm wearing a red necklace. It belongs to my friend Sophie. Vm wearing @ ted necklace sn 10 my friend Sophie 8 Thor are so many things | love about my job. There are so many reasons .. my job. Relatives Complete the sentences so that they are true for you. Use relative pronouns or adverbs. 1 The person who is my hero is Adele. 2 live in a place .. 8 know a boy. .. ig the day 5 I don't know 6 like TV programmes Speaking In pairs, make sentences using the prompts, adding relative pronouns and adverbs, as in the example. Jamie Oliver/own/Jamie's Italian restaurants © Formula 1/spor/Lewis Hamilton is famous for * 2004/year/Olympic Games took place in Athens New York/city/Bayones lives * Stove Tyler/singer/daughter is an actress A: Jamie Oliver. B: Jamie Oliver is the person who owns Jamie's Italian restaurants. Writing Write sentences about yourself using relative pronouns and adverbs. * (place)/usually read my books * timeVg0 to bed * (programme}/sometimes watch ontv * (person)/otten talk to on the phone * (shopy/usually buy my clothes The living room is the place where | usually read my books. 2526 Adjectives - Adverbs ‘Adjectives describe nouns. They have the same form in the singular and the plural. an interesting 10k — Interesting books Adjectives go: * before the nouns they describe. an old car * after the verbs: be, look, smell, sound, feel, taste, seem, appear, become, get, stay, etc The pizza tastes nice. What an amazing day! It's their graduation, They're wearing long, black gowns. They look hhappy and excited sits a very special ‘occasion. Order of adjectives Thete ate opinion adjectives and fact adjectives. Opinion adjectives (clever, wonderful, etc) show what a person thinks of somebody or something. Fact adjectives (short, big, old, etc) give us factual information about somebody or something, that i, they describe what somebody or something i really like. ‘The adjectives in the following pairs have a difference in meaning: a) He gave her a gold ring for her birthday. (earring made of gold) The Bahamas ore famous for their golden beaches. (= beaches the colour of gold) 1b) Sue bought a silk dress. (= a dress made of silk) ‘ove having sky hair. (= hair which fees like silk) ©) They have a lovely stone wall in their garden. (© a wall made of stone) He had a stony expression on his face. (= a cold and unresponsive expression, like stone) Opinion adjectives go before fact adjectives. a nice glass table When there are two or more fact adjectives in a sentence, they usually go in the following order: Opinion | Size | Age | Shape Colour | Origin | Material | Noun abeautiful| small [ old | round blue | English | china | vase Ordinal numbers (first, second, the first two days (NOT: the-twa-fiest-days) etc) go before cardinal numbers (one, two, three, etc). The adjectives afraid, alike, alive, alone, ashamed, asleep, awake, content, glad, ill, pleased, ete are never followed by a noun. The boy was ashamed. The students were pleased. We do not usually use a long lst of adjectives before a single noun. A noun is usually described by one, two or three adjectives at the most, an elegant, red, silk dress Adjectives ending in -ed/-ing | © Adjectives ending In -ing express what something is like. The film was boring. (What was it like? Boring.) + Adjectives ending In -ed express how we feel about something. We were bored. (How did we feel? Bored.) Look at the picture and the adjectives in bold. a) How are they placed in the sentences? b) Which adjectives are opinion adjectives and which ones are fact? What do they describe? What is the order of opinion and fact adjectives in a sentence? o) Which adjective describes how a person feels and which describes what something is like? How are they formed? a Fill in the gaps with the adjectives in the correct order. 1. Tess wants a small red, leather (leather/small/red) handbag, 2 Ineed a ae oa {new/black/smart) suit for the wedding, 3 Damian wants t0 Sell His ..anisnnennne eet {American/old/blue) car, 4 Mum is ordering Dad a ee (beautifulAwooden/big) desk for his office, a Choose the correct adjective. 1 This is @ very interested/interesting book. 2 Working shifts is quite tired/tiring, 3. Lucy is frightened/frightening of dogs. 4 I think being a journalist is an excited/exciting occupation. 5. Mum gets annoyed/annoying when we don't tidy our bedrooms. 6 | got bored/boring on the bus ride home from college.20k. ‘Adverbs describe verbs, past participles, adjectives and other adverbs. He drives slowly. The event was badly organised. You are absolutely wrong. She dances extremely well. ‘An adverb can be one word (sleepily) of a phrase (before dinner). Adverbs can describe manner (how), place (where), time (when), frequency (how often), degree (to what extent), etc. She acts amazingly. (How does she act? Amazingly. + adverb of manner) ‘Maria's house is around the corner. (Where is Maria's house? Around the comer, ~ adverb of place) They rarely go to the theatre. (How often do they go to the theatre? Rarely. -+ adverb of frequency) We usually form an adverb by adding -ly to the adjective. calm — calmly ‘Adjectives ending in -le drop the -e and take -y. simple - simply Adjectives ending in a consonant + y drop the -y and take -lly. lazy lazily Adjectives ending in 1 take -ly. careful ~ carefully Adjectives ending in -ic usually take -ally. ‘magic ~ magically BUT public - publicly Adjectives ending in -e take -y. brove - bravely BUT true — truly ‘Adverbs of frequency go after the auxiliary verb (be, have, do), but before the main verb. They hhave never been to a concert. Kat is often late for work. He rarely does the gardening. ‘Adverbs of manner go before the main verb, after the auxiliary verb or at the end of the sentence. She happily agreed to marry him. He is ‘anxiously waiting for his exarn results Please walk Up the stairs quietly! Adverbs of degree (absolutely, completely, totally, extremely, very, quite, rather, etc) go before an adjective, an adverb and the main verb, but after the auxiliary verb. You ore absolutely right. He draws quite well. completely agree with your decision. He is extremely rude. |* Adverbs of place and time usually go at the end of the sentence. / haven't seen Tina lately. Adjectives - Adverbs | really love table tennis! {can play very well ‘and | hardly ever miss a. game with my friends! We practice hard as we often toke part in ‘competitions! We usually practice at the sports centre near my house, at the weekends. Some adverbs do not follow these rules. Adjective Adverb| Adjective Adverb good well | high high fast fast | long hard hard | low early early | near late late | straight - straight right right | wrong - wrong deep deep ‘ caich the early bus to college (adjective) | get up early every morning. (adverb) ‘Adverbs of time, such as soon, now, now and ‘then, go before the main verb, but after the auxiliary verb. She later gave up trying. We should soon be home ‘We can put an adverb at the beginning of a sentence if we want to emphasise it. Suddenly, a strange man entered the room. (manner) Outside, you'l find a beautiful garden. (place) (On Tuesday, we are having our term exam. (time) When there are two or more adverbs in the same sentence, they usually go in the following order: ‘manner ~ place - time. Mr jones works hard in his office every day. IF there is a verb of movement, such as go, come and leave, in the sentence, the adverbs usually go in the following order: place - manner — time. Jo _goes to work by train every morning.{ \ | \ ) Adjectives - Adverbs He's tying hard to finish the project on time. (= with effort) Timi hardly speaks to anyone in the office. (= scarcely) They ovmn a hotel near the beach. (= close to) its nearly six o'clock. (= almost) The train came late again. (= not on time) He has been working overtime lately. (= recently) The carn front of me stopped short when a dog ran in the road. (= suddenly) The play will begin shortly. (= soon) The dog buried its bone deep inthe ground. (= @ long way down) Tam deeply sorry for the inconvenience. (= greatly) This plane goes direct to Singapore. (= by the shortest route) She picks up her children directly after work (= immediately) The bird flew high in the sky. (= at a high level) He is highly quaiified. © very) The hat came free with the suntan lotion. (= without charge) You can speak freely. (= without restriction) _| * The following words end in -ly, but they are adjectives: cowardly, deadly, elderly, friendly, likely, lively, lonely, lovely, silly, ugly. She isa friendly lady. We use the phrase in a ... way/manner to form their adverbs, She spoke to me in a friendly way. (NOT: She-spoke friendly.) 7i})| Look at the picture on page 27. a) What do the adverbs in bold express? b) How do we form adverbs? c) Where can adverbs appear within the sentence? Write the adverbs of the following adjectives. slow strange easy helpful fast suitable tragic happy 9 graceful 10 good 11 public 12 bad 13. possible 14 early no cae 15 busy a ee 16 wise slowly ervraoasone Underline and identify the types of adverbs in each sentence. 1 We usually go out on Fridays. frequency 2 They are extremely kind people. .... 3. Tom is patiently waiting for his appointment. 4. | now realise Katie is right. 5. She talks quietly on the phone. 6 rarely eat chocolate. 7 He's rather rude to me, 8 9 ° | think Roger is upsiairs. ‘The children are playing outside. Have you seen Emily lately? .. 7] Put the words below into the correct column. ‘beautiful * high * carelessly * long * lonely ‘*coitly * riendly *right * angrily + suddenly ‘straight * well + deep * good * elderly I EE ajective mB] ee® | erevey only Put the adverbs in brackets in the correct order in the sentence. 1 Jack works. (all day/hard) Jack works hard all day. 2. Mr Thomas arrived. (half an hour ago/suddenly/in the office) 3. Penny is upset. (at the moment/quite) 4 Michael reads, (upstairs/in the evenings/quietly) & We get up. (late/on Sundays/usually) 6 Our neighbours argue. (at night/loudly/sometimes) 7 Maria works out. (in the mornings/at the gym/often) a Choose the correct item. 11 Paul goes to the gym direct/directly atter college. 2 We're under a lat of pressure late/lately. 3. Faye has got lovely gold/golden hair. 4 The cinema tickets are free/freely with the magazine. & Joseph near/nearly had a car crash. 6 | was about to go into Mrs Franks’ office, but | stopped short/shortly when I saw she was with another student. 7 Is that a silk/silky dress? & The Internet connection is poor; the web pages can hard/hardly load © This is a high/highly successful company. 10 We're building a stone/stony wall around our garden. 11 | am deeply/deep grateful for your help. 12. Hurry up! The bus is leaving short/shortly. Adjectives - Adverbs \, Choose the correct item. Hallo, Maggie. Hi, Olgal What a 1) horrible/horribly day! The weather is 2) awful/awfully! I know! It's raining 8) heavy/heavily here and the thunder is rumbling 4) loud/loudly. Poor Patch, my dog, is 5) terrifying/terrified! I'm not going out today! 6) Lucky/Luckily you! I’m going to an exhibition with my college art class. That sounds 7) interested/interesting. = Yes. it does! The thing is that I'm waiting for a taxi to take me to the train station but it's running 8) late/lately, | 9) real/really don’t want to miss my train. What time is it now? It's 10) near/nearly 8.30. 2 OK, I'd better call the taxi company again. Talk to you soon! Speaking Look at the pictures. Use the prompts and the adjectives given to make sentences about what you see in the pictures as in the example. GUlleWieraek A. Kelly is driving slowty. 29We use the comparative to ‘compare one person or thing with another, Maria is older than her best friend. = We use the superlative to ‘compare one person or thing with more than one person or thing of the same group. Tom is the friendliest person in the class, Here is a photo of my best friends! Lara is the tallest one and Kim is the one with the Jongest hair! '™m shorter than them, but I'm the eldest. We are all very good students, but | think Lara is by far the cleverest in the class. Kim is the most talented of all and sings the most beautifully! Comparative Superlative small | smaller (than) the smallest (of/in) large larger (than) the largest (of/in) big bigger (than) the biggest (of/in) ‘Adjectives of one syllable add -(e)r/-(e)st to form their comparative and superlative forms ‘of one syllable ending in vowel + consonant, double the last consonant | thin thinner the thinnest (offin) and add -er/-est Too sily sillier Ghar) the siliest (of7in) eee ee ba lazier (than) the laziest (of/in) shallow [shallower (than) __| the shallowest (of/in) of two or more sylables take polite more polite (than) the most polite (of/in) more/most interesting | more interesting (than)| the most interesting (offin) ‘+ We normally use than with the comparative form. Tim's car is faster than John’s car, ‘+ We normally use the ... of/in (in refers to places, groups, etc) with the superlative form. Jack's the most popular of all the students. Jack's the most popular student in his class. ‘+ Certain adjectives form their comparative and superlative either with -er/-est or more/most, These are: lever, common, cruel, friendly, gentle, narrow, pleasant, quiet, shallow, simple, stupid, polite. gentle — gentler ~ gentlest ALSO gentle - more gentle — most gentle ‘Adverbs Positive] Comparative Superlative adverbs having the same form as their adjectives add -er/-est |late later the latest early drops -y and adds -ier/-iest early [earlier the earliest two-syllable adverbs and those formed by adding -ly to their [often | more often | the most often adjectives take more/most calmly | more calmly |the most calmly irregular forms + elder/eldest (snoun) (adj): for members of a ‘Adjective/Adverb| Comparative | Superlative family, My eldest brother is @ professor. BUT My ‘good/well better hex sister is older than me. (NOT: elder than) bad/badly worse worst + further/farther (adv) = longer (in distance) My muchimany more eae triend's house is further/farther away from college a lot of more most than my house. ite les east further (a) = more Poul went to hosptl for far farther/further|farthest/furthest|___ /urther testsComparisons Types of comparisons ® as + adjective/adverb + as (to show that two people or things are similar/different in some way). In negative sentences we use not as/s0 .... a5. Kim is as attractive as her twin sister. The new sofa isn’t as/so comfortable as our old one. difference between two people or things.) The opposite is more ... than. The blue dress is less elegant than the red one. ‘Tom visits his grandparents less often than he used to, * the least + adjective/adverb +of/in (to compare one person or thing with two or more people or things of the same group.) The opposite is the most. of/in This isthe least expensive hotel in Paris. Tom diesses the least casually in the office. very + positive degree (to emphasise an adjective or an adverb). Tan isa very polite person. Karen ran very fast in the race. ~ even/much/a lot/far/a little/a bit/slightly + comparative (to emphasise the degree of difference between two people or things) Forty researches his essays much more carefully than his bestfriend * by far + the + superlative (to emphasise the difference between one person or thing and two or ‘more people or things of the same group). This is by far the hottest day this summer. Look at the picture on page 30 and the words in bold in the example. a) How do we form the comparative and the superlative of adjectives and adverbs? ‘When do we use these forms? b) Which types of comparison can you see? What does each one show? Complete the table. comparative superlative 1) bigger earns I 4) oo the most peaceful happier 8 3 1) on Bw better 10) T1) essences the most more beautiful 13) more clever/ 18) cleverer Write the comparative and superlative forms of the following adverbs. 1 slowly more slowly the most slowly hard badly early near quietly oanen Choose the correct item. 1 Ted's new job isn't as exciting as/than his ald one. 2 The instructions are less/least complicated than | expected. 3. Mrs Evans is by farfmuch the nicest professor we have. This hotel is the more/most famous in town. Juliette is very/stightly older than | am, Ron is even/by far cleverer than Mike, He is far/more lazier than the rest of us. ‘This project is very/a lot more difficult than the last one, | can't type as fast than/as Michelle. Tina is much/by far more creative than Abigail. Put the adjectives/adverbs in brackets into the correct form. 1. The red dress is mors expensive (expensive) than the blue one. 2 Doing experiments is .. sere (interesting) part of our Chemistry lessons, 8 Please, could you write your answers a little (clearly) next time? 4 Elaine is much c (happy) now that she’s back at college. 5 Trevor behaves (calmly) than Jim in stressful situations.a © Comparisons i Choose the correct item. Subject:[ Summer job Hi Paull [want to get a summer job but | can't decide between being a waiter at Villa Italia in the evenings, a builder or a summer camp leader. Help me choose! vay [Summer job | think i's a great ides for you to get a job for the summer. The job at Ville Italia sounds good. It is the 4)..... restaurant in town, so working there might be 2)... than being a builder or & ‘camp leader. You also have to be 3) .... dressad, so you might need to buy some new clothes. ‘The building job is probably 4)...... for you because you like being outside. But Itis 6) .... job of the three and probably pays the 6)...... money. ‘The summer camp leader has 7)..... hours of all, so its a 8)... tiving job, but it's also fun. It looks 9)...... good on your CY, too, because you need to be responsible, energetic and patient, You get 10)... any time off, but you do get 41) ‘money than @ waiter or a builder, so | think this is the 42) job for you. Let me know what you decidet Paul 1 A busy B busier © busiest 2 A most stressful B more stressful C_stresstul 3A smarter B smart © sinartly 4 A moresuitable B most suitable C suitable 5 A dangerous B_ more dangerous the most dangerous 6 A less B least © ttle 7 A thelongest —B longer © long 8 A much B very © by tar 9 A real B really © more real 10 A hard B hardest © hardly 11 A more B most © much 12 A good B better © best Put the adjectives/adverbs in brackets into the correct form, adding any necessary words. 1A; Stuart Is working as a part-time tour guide this summer. B: That's the perfect job for hirn; he's the most sociable (Sociable) person | know. 2 A You speak French very well B: Thank you, but my sister speaks it eel (fluently) than | do, 3 A | miss the children when they're away. B: | know. The house is much (quiet) without them 4 A: Annabelle has got a lovely voice. B: Yes, she sings (beautifully) of al the girs. 5 A: Nick seems distracted today. B: You're right. He isn't working as .... -- (quickly) usual 6 A: | never eat breakfast. B: You should ~ it's : . (important) meal of the day. 7 A: Angela has got some lovely clothes. B: Yes, she dresses : «. (elegantly) than anyone else at college. 8 A: Nick is so big! How old is he now? B: He's twelve. He's... (tall) student in his class. 9 A: It's a lovely day today. B:1 know, but | think it's slightly : (cold) than yesterday 10 A: Debbie is a good driver. B: Yes, she chives a lot (carefully) than her brothersin ‘orm, rds. asa » this » for lable row, well sister Ido. when snuch ovely fully) 4 isn't sual. tant) than did is ass. «it's 2m fully) Choose the correct item. 1 The Topshop store at Oxford Circus is the in the UK, A large © largest as those ones, B larger 2 These shoes aren't .. A more expensive B as expansive C most expensive 3 My sister goes shopping ...... than | do. A more often B most often ¢ often 4 Ses aur website for ..... information. A farther B further = far 5 Jenny feels going to the gym. better today, so she's A very B most © much 6 Yours is... the nicest room in the house. A ter B alot © by far 7 Tomorrow we're getting UP a... than we usually do, A earlier B earliest early 8 It's raining ..... than it was yesterday. A heavy B more heavily © most heavily 9 Jason is even ...... than Carl. A strongest B strong © stronger 10 Susan is ..... than her brother. A elder B older © oldest 11 My new flat is a bit .... than my old one. A smallest B_smaller ¢ small 12. Thisis ...... Book I've ever read A confusing 8 more confusing © the mast confusing 13 Trevor isn't... A even B so good at sports as me. © much 14 He seems like the ... group, but he's just shy, A least B less friendly boy in the ¢ ittle 15. My flatmate is slightly ...... than me, but she often borrows my clathes. A slimmest 8 sim © slimmer Comparisons Transformations Complete the second sentence so that it means the same as the first. Use up to three words. 1 Pete and Steve are exactly the same ago. Pele is as old as Stove. 2 Daisy's essay isn’t as interesting as Susie's, Susie's essay is ... .. than Daisy's, 3 No one in the house has got a bigger room ‘than Daniel. Daniel Ras QOt ...csnseatseeateees FOOM, in the house. 4 Carrie has a lot more patience than Nicola. Carrie is far .. than Nicola, 5 Ben isn’t as helpful as his brother. Ben is _. bis brother, 6 | think Maths is an extremely easy subject. | think Maths is by far subject. Speaking Jane wants to work in retail when she's older, but now she’s looking for a weekend job. She has asked you to help her choose, Compare the three jobs she is thinking of applying for using the following adjectives/adverbs: ‘* well-paid * long * far * exciting © formally Shop assistant: £7 am hour, 8 hours, 3 kms from her house, very busy shop which celebrities go to, be professionally dressed Babysitter: £4 an hour, 3-4 hours, 1 km from her house, nothing to do after children are; sleeping, wear whatever you like Waitress: £6.50 an hour, 6 hours, 2 kms from her house, quiet local café, be casually dressed A: The waitress’ job is better paid than the babysitter’. B: Yes, but the shop assistant’s job is the best paid of all. Writing Use the information from the Speaking activity to write an email to Jane ‘comparing the jobs. 33 A34 Present simple ~ Present continuous a) Read Belinda’s blog and put the verbs in brackets in the correct form. b) Match the verbs to their use. A) a fixed arrangement in the near future B) a stative verb C) a temporary action D) a dally routine E) a permanent state ©) What other uses of the present continuous and present simple can you think of? Give examples. Hi readers! What 1) . (you/do) this summer? | 2) (volunteer) at Bristol Zoo until the beginning of September. 'm always cd to get to work. | 3). (think) it’s the best job in’ the world! Every day, | 4). (start) work in the Reptile House. V5) ern (clean) the snakes tanks and 1 6) (feed) the crocodiles. They're bigger than they look on TV, but that’s not as scary asit7) (sound)! At 1 o'clock today, 1 B) senna friend Amy for lunch, Amy, who 9) Zoology at Bristol University, 10)... (want) to work with lions in Asia, Not many lions TI) ssmrnsesnees (live) in Asia, but Bristol Zoo has a few. Their names are Kamran, Ketan and Shiva. Kamran and Ketan are still babies. They are so cutel It's Amy's job to look after them, In the afternoons, 1 usually 12).. (take) visitors on tours around the zoo. It’s the part of the day which | enjoy the most. But tomorrow afternoon | 13) . (not/do) a tour. Instead, we are having a special show for children inside the Reptile House. The children can learn about snakes and even hold one, but very few of them want tol $0, WhEN 14) srs (meet) my (Study), (you/all/come) to Visit the 00? I can’t wait to show you everything! It 15) (not/cost) much to enter; you can find out more at www.bristolzo0.org.uk. Adverbs of frequency a Circle the adverbs of frequency in Belinda’s blog. Use them to make a sentence of your ‘own. Where do we place an adverb of frequency in a sentence? Exploring Grammar (Starter - Unit 3) Stative verbs a) What is a stative verb? Find and underline all the stative verbs in the text. | b) Look at the highlighted parts in the text. How does the verb have differ in meaning? ‘c) What other stative verbs do you know that can have continuous forms? How does their meaning differ? Give examples. Relative clauses [79] Find a defining and a non-defining clause in the text. How do the two types of clause differ? Adjectives - Adverbs - Comparisons | Circle the comparative and superlative forms in the blog. What other type of ‘comparison can you see? When do we use each form? Quantifiers Ga a) Highlight all the quantifiers in the text. Give examples of more quantifiers, and say how they are used. b) How do a few/(very) few, a little/(very) little differ in meaning? Question words a a) Find two question words in the blog. How are they used? Which question words do we use to ask about: possession? reason? manner? place? b) In pairs, ask and answer questions | based on the blog using question words. A: Where is Belinda working this summer? B: At Bristal Zao. Pronouns ) Find all the personal pronouns in the | blog. What type is each? Write S (subject) or O (object). b) Now find two possessive adjectives. What comes after them? ©) Find examples of the possessive case in the blog. How do we form the possessive case? Give examples.( ) Revision (Starter - Unit 3) \ y Choose the correct item. xt. 4 What time .... 7 17 'm finding it dificult to sleep .... night. A isthe train leaving B the train leaves Ain Bat © on 2 toxt, he train lea sing? ao ks 18 Robert can solve Maths problems ... 2 My sisters .... my jewellery without asking, A more easily B easy easily It's so annoying! a A. always take B are always taking C always takes ow does .»« shopping tomorrow? A You go B Are you going © Do you go 8 “Have you got a mobile phone?” "68, ba? A have B do © have got 20 This is... the hardest test we've ever done. A byfar — B far Cc very use in vause 21 Evans shoots and ....! 4 2014 is the year... | finished college, A score BB scores is scoring A where B which when 22 |..... more fruit these days. 8... flour 6 Is there .... fot ate A ‘meating B eet a Beta ' . A many B much 23 Ben.... at the library now. 6 Walk .... Ivy Street for 100 metres and then ‘ suse ‘tum left A is studying B studies C study A past B along CG among 24 The sun.... in the west 7 This is Tom's bike, but the helmet is .... . oe Bisset © la aeting’ a A mine B me c my 25 Emperor penguins .... in Antarctica. ext, dsay 6 |... to the cinema, | prefer to watch DVDs A 'ereiling! *'@sllves” Te! at home. A rarely go B go raroly » C, teralydon'to >) Grammar in Focus sons 9... coat is this? A Who's B Who —_C Whose Fill in the correct form of the word in brackets, choose the correct word or fill in the gaps. 10 The tratfic in the city .... worse every year. A is becoming B become © becomes ‘A At Barnes Academy, we 1)... (believe) that MUSIC 2) ..s.cnnnne important part of college life. S0, 3). . (hold) & music ords ) on 11 Greg plays the piano .... than anyone else in our Music class. A better BB best = C_well 2ist June, we 4) workshop. B We1) got guitar, piano and singing teachers, and even a professional Du! Mike Jones, 2 Is a famous musician, is 8) our/ours special guest. He 4) nen. (play) the drums for the band Wishing Well, and he is bringing 5) him/his drum kit with him. © Students 1)... have a private lesson with Mike, but he hasn't got 2) much/many time, 80 book 3) ..... a place! DA) ssensnnnes the EVENING, WE 2) rr (have) a talent show ~ the 3) (good) act wins a prize! Don't miss 4) chance. to_make some music at Barnes Academy this summer! Is. 12 Thess boots, .... | wear in the winter, are from Milan A whose B which that 13. *.... do you play tennis?" “Once a week” ‘A Howlong B How fer C How often 14 Tony and Elaine... fram Toronto in Canada. set) Als B are cam (fast) to save 15. Those are the .... bikes. They're inside playing in Robin's room, A boys’ BB boy's boys rein 16 This meal... amazing! You're a great cook. A istasiing B tastes C taste[ o@ / Phrasal Verbs 36 break down = machines, etc) Tim's car broke down on his way to work this /moming. 2) lose control of feelings She broke down and cried when she heard the terrible news. break in/break into (a building) = enter by force or illegally The burglars broke in/into our neighbours’ house and took all their jowellery, break into = start singing, smiling, ete suddenly Her face broke into a smile when she saw her| newborn baby. break out = 1) begin suddenly (war, fire, etc) |The Great Fire of London broke out on 2nd September 1666, 2) escape from a place The police helicopter is searching for a criminal who broke out of prison | last night break up = stop for holidays (of schools, etc) The family is going to Disneyworld when schools break up for the summer holidays. | ) stop working (af ears, engines, bring about = cause sth to happen The new chancellor has brought about meny changes to the university bring out = release (e.g. a new record) or publish | (e.g. a new book) The famous writer is bringing out her next nove! this summer. bring sb round = 1) cause sb to regain Jconsciousness Kim's friends used cold water to bring her round. 2) persuade Talk to Sam and try to bring him round to our way of thinking. bring up = 1) raise a child Her parents brought | her up on the farm. 2) to introduce (a matter) for discussion The scientists brought up the issue of global warning at the meeting. 1 ‘break down 2[@] bring round to the pictures 3 break into and write [2] break out asentence SL] bring out describing the a pictures. @ Fill in the correct particle. = down in © into * out eup 1 Jil and Simon usually visit their grandparents when the schools break .. for the summer holidays. 2 Jake Broke... Song When he heard the great news, 8. In World War I fighting broke ....su: in 1914 and ended in 1918. 4 The burglars broke the family was on holiday. 5 Maria took her car to the mechanic as it DrOKE nnn this morning. 6 A dangerous criminal broke prison yesterday. the house while . of 7 Sam broke ..... when his friend told him the bad news. Choose the correct particle. 1. The villagers brought up/about the issue of road safety at their monthly meeting. 2 Gandhi managed to bring about/around @ revolution in India, 3 The popular pop singer is bringing up/out her new single in the summer. 4 It was very hard for Jane to bring up/out her child on her own, 5 Their argument brought him up/round to her way of thinking, 6 Fortunately, the paramedics managed to bring the patient round/out after the accident.thelr break rd the while as it him Prepositions ‘accuse sb of (doing) sth (v) | annoyed about/by sth (adi) ‘ashamed of sb/sth (ed) advantage of (n) annoyed at/with sb (adi) ask sb for sth (BUT ask sb afraid of sb/sth (ed) apologise to sb for sth (\) ‘a question) (v) A aim at sb/sth () apply to sb for sth (¥) associate with sb (v) amazed at/by sth (ad) arrive at (a small place) (v) astonished at/by sth (adi) angry at/with sb for (doing), (BUT arrive home) (v) attitude towards/to (n) sth (adi) arrive in (a big place) (v) aware of sth (adi) bad at sth (ac) blame sb/sth for sth (v) brilliant at sth (adj) belive in sth () (lay/put the) blame on sb/sth (n) | bump into sb/sth (v) belong to sb (v) bored with sth (adi) benefit from sth (v) borrow sth from sb (v) ao in the correct preposition. of @at * towards * on * with * for jin *by People always associate Greece... ‘summer holidays. 2 Peter was annoyed his neighbour's loud party. 3 The shop assistant accused the young boy esses Stealing the chocolate bar. 4 Tom is in trouble because of his bad attitude .. his professors. 5 Amanda arrived ......... Paris late on ‘Saturday night. 6 The new teacher is aiming improving the students’ grades. 7 The worker asked his boss ......... a Pay rise. 8 Gareth is always trying to put the blame others t a Choose the correct preposition. 1 | bumped to/into my old History teacher yesterday, 2 Liam is really bad at/to English and Geography. 3 Do you believe in/at ghosts? 4 Irene |s brilliant at/with ballet. 5 Jo usually borrows clothes for/from her older sister. The expensive new car parked outside belongs for/to my new neighbour, The baby soon got bored for/with his new toy. The taxi driver blamed me for/of the accident. was angry to/with Maria for breaking my laptop. Lucy is afraid of/by dogs, @ Choose the correct preposition. 1 Katy wasn't aware ..... the fact that her purse was missing. A of B by ¢ from 2 Ben apologised ..... Martin for lying to him, A at B to ¢ from 8 I get annoyed ..... my sister when she talks on the phone all evening, A of B for ¢ with 4 Abby applied ..... the bank for a credit card. Ato B at C in 5 Wo were astonished ..... how good the play was. A of B from C by 6 Toby was ashamed ..... the way he spoke to Laura. A by B of for Word Formation Complete the sentences with the nouns derived from the words in bold. 1 Chris is luting at university to become an ENGINE 2 Mandy i a. and works for The Now York Times. JOURNAL 3 They asked a graphic .. to create a cover for their new album. DESIGN 4. I think Rob Keoves is the best . in the play. ACT 5 Tony is a great seve WHO CBN play seven aifferent instruments. MUSIC 6 | enioy drawing and painting and | want to bbe an " when I grow up. ART 37On Sunday, Maria was preparing lunch for her friends ail morning. After cooking, she tidied the house and then she had a rest. ‘Annie wos riding her bike when she fell and cut her knee. ‘Monet created many famous Paintings. It was a lovely spring dey. The sun was setting and a gentle breeze was blowing when Anna went for a walk. Yesterday morning, Oliver went to the beach. He wes sunbathing while he was checking his email ‘Martin rode to schoo! when he was a child, Form: was/were + main verb + -ing Tou/He/She/it/We/They AFFIRMATIVE | atched. AFFIRMATIVE 7He/She/it was walking, WefYou/They were walking. Tou He/She/i/We/They NEGATIVE Midniecineh, NEGATIVE T/He/She/It wasnt walking. ‘We/You/They weren't walking. | Did V/yourhe/she/it/we/they| INTERROGATIVE |W INTERROGATIVE Was I/he/she/it walking? Were we/you/they walking? Yes, MiyouThe/sheit/we]they| did. No, liyou/he/she/it/we/they didn't. ‘SHORT ANSWERS ‘SHORT ANSWERS Yes, I/he/she/it was. Yes, we/you/they were. No, I7he/shejit wasn't. No, welyou/they weren't. Time words/phrases used with the past simple: yesterday, the day before yesterday, last week/ ‘month/year, two hours/days/weeks/months/years Time words/phrases used with the past continuous: while, when, as, all day/ night/morning, all day yesterday, etc. ‘ago, when, then, in 2003, etc. * Verbs ending in -e take only -d. phone — phoned * Verbs ending in a consonant + y, drop the -y and take -ied. study — studied a vowel + y, take -ed. play — played | * Verbs ending in one stressed vowel between two consonants, double the last consonant before the ~ed. stop ~ stopped BUT open — opened, fix fixed * Verbs ending in I, double the | before they take -ed. cancel - cancelled ‘Irregular vetbs do not form the past simple by adding -ed. breok broke, give - gave The suffix -ed is pronounced: + ha when the verbs end in a ft/ or {| sound. shifted, landed, afforded! + /1/ when the verbs end in a /k/, Isl, Il, Il tf ot Ip] sounds. booked, kissed, matched, brushed, loughed, stopped * [6] when the verb ends in any other sound. changed, cared, ‘glowedPast simple vs Past continuous - used to/would “We use the past simple f + an action that happened at a definite time (stated ‘or implied) in the past. Tom moved to Glasgow a year ago. (time stated) He got a job in a big law firm there. (time implied) actions that happened immediately one after the other. Tim woke up, had his breakfast and got ready for work, habits and states which are finished. Sam spent his summer holidays in Greece when he was younger. a past action which won't take place again, Shakespeare wrote many plays. (He's now dead. He ‘won't be writing any more.) ‘when/while/as + past continuous (longer action in progress) When/While/As she was watching TV, the power went out, (was watching TV isa longer action than went out.) We use the past continuous: + for an action which was in progress at a stated time in the past. We don’t mention when the action started or finished. Jon was studying for his ‘Maths exam on Sunday evening. + for two or more simultaneous actions in the past. Sara was surfing the Net while he was talking on the phone. for an action which was in progress when another action interrupted it. We use the past continuous for the action in progress (the longer action) and the past simple for the action which interrupted It (the shorter action). Alex was having ‘bath when the phone rang. to describe the atmosphere, setting, etc and to give background information to a story. It was a ‘cold winter’s day. The children were sitting by the fire, while their mum was reading a story. when + past simple (shorter action which interrupts the action in progress) Bob was surfing the Net when the lights went off (went offis a shorter action than was surfing.) Look at the pictures (A-F) and underline all the verbs. a) What tense are they? How do we form the affirmative, negative and interrogative of these tenses? b) Which of the uses of these tenses does each verb show? Write the past simple of the verbs in the list in the correct box. ‘smove * try * travel * stay * stop * plen * rescue * cry * destroy * worry * play ‘control * survive * slip * model * enjoy + quarrel + change * chop * carry moved, -e+d ‘double consonant + -ed consonant + -y+ -ied Vowel + -y +-ed Verbs ending in -I -» -led Put the verbs in the past simple and write them under the correct heading. Then read them aloud. * sound * watch * recover * miss + enjoy damage * erupt * want © walk * demand ‘wash «finish * warn * cause * save * help * shout © relax * dango * appear * accept * move * count * clean hal aL Jal sounded watched recovered 39Past simple vs Past continuous - used to/would B Put the verbs in brackets into the correct form of the past simple, as in the example. 1A: Did you see (you/see) the news yesterday? B: Yes, a wildfire soe (break out) in California, It was awful. 2 A; Susan ... : to band practice last week B: | know. She . (have) 4 lot of homework to do. BEAL ner soe (youstravel) abroad on holiday when you were younger? B: No, but we ... (rive) to Scotland every summer. A; Really? My great-grandparents ... (live) in Scotiand in the 1970s. 4 Al. {not/sleep) well last night. B: Neither dic. The storm (wake) me up at midnight and 1 - (not/go) back to sleep until .. (not/eome) 3 ami imothy is a college student. Look at his iary and the things he did yesterday. Complete the sentences about what Timothy was doing at the stated times, as in the example. 7:30-7:45 | have a shower eat breakfast | drive to college attend lessons study in the library work out at the aym write an essay surf the Net 1 Timothy was having a shower at 7:40. 2 Timothy at 7:55. 3 Timothy eon at B15. 4 Timothy . at 11:00. 5 Timothy at 2:30. 6 Timothy sn. at 4:20. 7 Timothy «0 at 7:60. 8 Timothy... at 9:16. 40 Make sentences in the affirmative (7), negative (X) or interrogative (2) form of the past continuous. 1 Peter/study/all yesterday evening (7) Peter was studying all yesterday evening. 2. Vhave lunch/1 o'clock yesterday afternoon (x) 3 Jim/watct/TV/while/Amy/talk/on/phone (/) 4 the children/play/outside/all day (2) 5 Greg and wait for the bus/7 o'clock’ yesterday morning (x) 6 the baby/sleep/all last night (2) Look at the picture. What was happening on the college lawn yesterday at 8 o'clock? Write questions and answers. 1. Judy/nave/cup of cottes? f Was Judy having a cup of coffee? ‘No, she wasn't. She was drinking a bottle of water, ( 2 Professor Adams and Professor Blythe/ cchatito each other? 3 Alicia/listervto music? 4 Tom/send/text messages? 5 Charlie and Sam/play/football?the AFFIRMATIVE | 1/You/He/She/It/We/They used to drive. NEGATIVE You/Hie/She/It/We/They didn’t use to drive. ite INTERROGATIVE | Did I/you/he/she/it/we/they use to drive? ‘on Yes, Iiyoujhe/she/it/we/they did ‘SHORT ANSWERS No, I/youfhe/she/it/we/they didn't. wv) + Used to is always a past form, It has no present form. It has the same form in all persons, singular and plural, in the affirmative. | used to play golf. Tom and Pete used to live in Spain. ‘The interrogative form is did + subject + use to. Did jane use to go jogging? The negative form is subject + didn’t use to. Pall didn’t use to travel at all. Used to is used to talk about past habits, repeated actions and routines in the past, which no longer happen. She used to go sailing d lot when she was younger. (She doesn’t go sailing any more. We use used to for things that were true, but they are not true any more. Site used to read many comic cock? books when she was alittle girl. (Now, she doesn’t read many comic books.) We can use the past simple instead of used to with no difference in meaning. She used to work as an ‘accountant./She worked as an accountant, We use the past simple, and not used to, in the following cases: a) to refer to an action which happened at a definite time in the past. She cooked « lovely meal yesterday. hati) (NOT: She used-to-cook ... - the action happened at a definite time in the past) b) to say how many times an action happened at a definite time in the past. They went football training twice last weekend. (NOT: They wsed-t0-go ...) ‘would We use would/used to for repeated actions and routines in the past. We do not use would with stative verbs, because they describe states and not actions. They would/used to visit their cousins every week. (They don't visit their cousins anymore.) BUT She used to have long blonde hati: (NOT; She weuld-have long blonde hair.) Look at the picture and the words in bold. How are the affirmative, negative and interrogative of used to formed? Can you replace used to with would or the past simple in the example? Why/why not? ste (©) complete the sentences. Use the correct Read the dialogue and fill in the gaps with ythe/ form of used to and the verbs in brackets. the correct form of used to and the verbs in brackets. 1 We used to visit (visit) our relatives in Wales once a year when we were children. _ 2 {Sholleyrwoar) | 4 Grandma, 1) old you use to lve = ce ee (youMlive) in Italy when you glasses whan she was young ‘ae SoU? 8° Dad sats _. (play) football Yes, we 2) When he was a tasnager. (have) a house in Naclos, 13). AV ccecssesnnstn (not/enjoy) (speak) Italian every day, but now | don't flying, but now I love ft femember much. | aaa at .. (you/be) A: What 4) (you/do) there’? | inightened of thunderstorms? Be Wel) ano) 0 shoot | like you, but he 6 Max eesti (Fide) his bike cab | to collage before he passed his driving test. (notywaten) TV or play computer gare 4