Governor-Generals of the Philippines 24 | Sabiniano Manrique de Lara | 25 July 1653 -
08 September 1663
The Philippines was occupied by Spain, Britain,
United States and Japan during a span of 500
years. The representative of the ruling power
carried titles such as Governor General, High
Commissioner or Military Governor. This sub-
project aims to organize genealogical data on
individuals who have served as the Philippines'
designated chief executive, before elections were
institutionalized.
Spanish Occupation
1 | Miguel López de Legazpi | 27 April 1565 - 20
August 1572
2 | Guido de Lavezari | 20 August 1572 - 25 August
1575
3 | Francisco de Sande | 25 August 1575 - April
1580
4 | Gonzalo Ronquillo de Peñalosa | April 1580 - 10
March 1583
5 | Diego Ronquillo | 10 March 1583 - 16 May 1584
6 | Santiago de Vera | 16 May 1584 - May 1590
7 | Gómez Pérez Dasmariñas | 01 June 1590 - 25
October 1593
8 | Pedro de Rojas | October 1593 - 03 December
1593
9 | Luis Pérez Dasmariñas | 03 December 1593 -
14 July 1596
10 | Francisco Tello de Guzmán | 14 July 1596 -
May 1602
11 | Pedro Bravo de Acuña | May 1602 - 24 June
1606
12 | Cristóbal Téllez Almazán (Real Audiencia) | 24
June 1606 - 15 June 1608
13 | Rodrigo de Vivero (Interim) | 15 June 1608 -
April 1609
14 | Juan de Silva Enríquez | April 1609 - 19 April
1616
15 | Andrés de Alcaraz (Real Audiencia) | 19 April
1616 - 03 July 1618
16 | Alonso Fajardo de Tenza | 03 July 1618 - 23
July 1624
17 | Jerónimo de Silva (Interim) | 23 July 1624 - 06
July 1625
18 | Fernando de Silva (Real Audiencia) | 06 July
1625 - 29 June 1626
19 | Juan Niño de Tabora | 29 June 1626 - 22 July
1632
20 | Lorenzo de Olaso | 22 July 1632 - 2 August
1633
21 | Juan Cerezo de Salamanca (Interim) | 2
August 1633 - 25 June 1635
22 | Sebastián Hurtado de Corcuera | 25 June 1635
- 11 August 1644
23 | Diego Fajardo Chacón | 11 August 1644 - 25
July 1653
25 | Diego Salcedo | 08 September 1663 - 28
September 1668
26 | Juan Manuel de la Peña Bonifaz (Interim) | 28
September 1668 - 24 September 1669
27 | Manuel de León | 24 September 1669 - 11
April 1677
28 | Francisco Coloma (Real Audiencia) | 11 April
1677 - 25 September 1677
29 | Francisco de Montemayor y Mansilla (Real
Audiencia) | 25 September 1677 - 28 September
1678
30 | Juan de Vargas Hurtado | 28 September 1678
- 24 August 1684
31 | Gabriel de Curucelaegui y Arriola | 24 August
1684 - 27 April 1689
32 | Alonso de Abella Fuertes (Real Audiencia) | 27
April 1689 - 25 July 1690
33 | Fausto Cruzat | 25 July 1690 - 08 December
1701
34 | Domingo de Zabálburu | 08 December 1701 -
25 August 1709
35 | Martín de Ursúa y Arizmendi, 1° conde de
Lizarraga-Bengoa, conquistador del Petén Itzá | 25
August 1709 - 04 February 1715
36 | José de Torralba (Real Audiencia) | 04
February 1715 - 09 August 1717
37 | Fernando Manuel de Bustillo Bustamante y
Rueda | 09 August 1717 - 11 October 1719
38 | Francisco de la Cuesta (Interim) | 11 October
1719 - 06 August 1721
39 | Toribio de Cossío | 06 August 1721 - 14
August 1729
40 | Fernando Valdés Tamón | 14 August 1729 -
July 1739
41 | Gaspar de la Torre | July 1739 - 21 September
1745
42 | Juan de Arechederra (Interim) | 21 September
1745 - 20 July 1750
43 | Francisco José de Ovando | 20 July 1750 - 26
July 1754
44 | Pedro Manuel de Arandía | 26 July 1754 - 01
June 1759
45 | Miguel de Ezpeleta (Interim) | 01 June 1759 -
09 July 1761
46 | Manuel Rojo del Río (Interim) | 09 July 1761 -
06 October 1762
British Occupation
47 | Simón de Anda y Salazar | 06 October 1762 -
10 February 1764
48 | Dawsonne Drake | 02 November 1762 - 31
May 1764
Spanish Occupation
49 | Francisco de la Torre (Interim) | 17 March 1764
- 06 July 1765
50 | José Raón y Gutiérrez | 06 July 1765 - 19 July
1770
51 | Simón de Anda y Salazar | 19 July 1770 - 30
October 1776
52 | Pedro Sarrió (Interim) | 30 October 1776 - 28
July 1778
53 | José Basco y Vargas | 28 July 1778 - 22
November 1787
54 | Pedro Sarrió (Interim) | 22 November 1787 - 01
July 1788
55 | Félix Berenguer de Marquina | 01 July 1788 -
01 September 1793
56 | Rafael María de Aguilar | 01 September 1793 -
07 August 1806
57 | Mariano Fernández de Folgueras (Interim) | 07
August 1806 - 04 March 1810
58 | Manuel González de Aguilar | 04 March 1810 -
04 September 1813
59 | José de Gardoqui | 04 September 1813 - 10
December 1816
60 | Mariano Fernández de Folgueras (Interim) | 10
December 1816 - 30 October 1822
61 | Juan Antonio Martínez | 30 October 1822 - 14
October 1825
62 | Mariano Ricafort | 14 October 1825 - 23
December 1830
63 | Pascual Enrile y Alcedo | 23 December 1830 -
01 March 1, 1835
64 | Gabriel de Torres | 01 March 1835 - 22 April
1835
65 | Joaquín Crame (Interim) | 23 April 1835 - 09
September 1835
66 | Pedro Antonio Salazar (Interim) | 09
September 1835 - 27 August 1837
67 | Andrés García Camba | 27 August 1837 - 29
December 1838
68 | Luis Lardizábal | 29 December 1838 - 14
February 1841
69 | Marcelino Oraá | 14 February 1841 - 17 June
1843
70 | Francisco Alcalá | 17 June 1843 - 16 July 1844
71 | Narciso Clavería y Zaldúa | 16 July 1844 - 26
December 1849
72 | Antonio María Blanco (Interim) | 26 December
1849 - 29 July 1850
73 | Juan Antonio de Urbiztondo | 29 July 1850 - 20
December 1853
74 | Ramón Montero (Interim) | 20 December 1853
- 02 February 1854
75 | Manuel de Pavia y Lacy, I. marqués de
Novaliches | 02 February 1854 - 28 October 1854
76 | Ramón Montero (Interim) | 28 October 1854 -
20 November 1854
77 | Manuel Crespo | 20 November 1854 - 05
December 1856
78 | Ramón Montero (Interim) 05 December 1856 -
09 March 1857
79 | Fernando de Norzagaray | 09 March 1857 - 12
January 1860
80 | Ramón María Solano | 12 January 1860 - 29
August 1860
81 | Juan Herrera Dávila (Interim) | 29 August 1860
- 02 February 1861
82 | José Lémery | 02 February 1861 - 07 July 1862
83 | Salvador Valdés (Interim) | 07 July 1862 - 09
July 1862
84 | Rafael Echagüe | 09 July 1862 - 24 March
1865
85 | Joaquín del Solar (Interim) | 24 March 1865 -
25 April 1865
86 | Juan de Lara e Irigoyen | 25 April 1865 - 13
July 1866
88 | Laureano Sanz (Interim) | 13 July 1866 - 21
September 1866
89 | Juan Antonio Osorio (Interim) | 21 September
1866 - 27 September 1866
90 | Joaquín del Solar | 27 September 1866 - 26
October 1866
91 | José de la Gándara | 26 October 1866 - 07
June 1869
92 | Manuel Maldonado (Interim) | 07 June 1869 -
23 June 1869
93 | Carlos María de la Torre | 23 June 1869 - 04
April 1871
94 | Rafael Izquierdo | 04 April 1871 - 08 January
1873
95 | Manuel Mac-Crohon (Interim) | 08 January
1873 - 24 January 1873
96 | Juan Alaminos | 24 January 1873 - 17 March
1874
97 | Manuel Blanco Valderrama (Interim) | 17
March 1874 - 18 June 1874
98 | José Malcampo | 18 June 1874 - 28 February
1877
99 | Domingo Moriones | 28 February 1877 - 20
March 1880
100 | Rafael Rodríguez Arias (Interim) | 20 March
1880 - 15 April 1880
101 | Fernando Primo de Rivera y Sobremonte, I
Marqués de Estella | 15 April 1880 - 10 March 1883
102 | Emilio Molíns (Interim) | 10 March 1883 - 07
April 1883
103 | Joaquín Jovellar | 07 April 1883 - 01 April
1885
104 | Emilio Molíns (Interim) | 01 April 1885 - 04
April 1885
105 | Emilio Terrero | 04 April 1885 - 25 April 1888
106 | Antonio Moltó (Interim) | 25 April 1888 - 04
June 1888
107 | Federico Lobatón (Interim) | 04 June 1888 -
05 June 1888
108 | Valeriano Weyler y Nicolau, I. duque de
Rubí | 05 June 1888 - 17 November 1891
109 | Eulogio Despujol y Dusay | 17 November
1891 - 01 March 1893
110 | Federico Ochando (Interim) | 01 March 1893 -
04 May 1893
111 | Ramón Blanco | 04 May 1893 - 13 December
1896
112 | Camilo García de Polavieja (Interim) - 13
December 1896 - 15 April 1897
113 | José de Lachambre (Interim) | 15 April 1897 -
23 April 1897
114 | Fernando Primo de Rivera y Sobremonte, I
Marqués de Estella | 23 April 1897 - 11 April 1898
115 | Basilio Augustín | 11 April 1898 - 24 July 1898
116 | Fermín Jáudenes (Interim) | 24 July 1898 - 13
August 1898
117 | Francisco Rizzo (Interim) | 13 August 1898 -
September 1898
118 | Diego de los Ríos (Interim) | September 1898
- 03 June 1899
US Military Government
119 | Wesley Merritt | 14 August 1898 - 30 August
1898
120 | Elwell S. Otis | 08 August 1898 - 05 May 1900
121 | Arthur MacArthur, Jr. | 05 May 1900 - 04 July
1901
122 | Adna Chaffee Sr. | 04 July 1901 - 04 July
1902
US Insular Government
123 | William Howard Taft | 04 July 1901 - 01
February 1904
124 | Luke Edward Wright | 01 February 1904 - 03
November 1905
125 | Henry Clay Ide | 03 November 1905 - 19
September 1906
126 | James Francis Smith | 20 September 1906 -
11 November 1909
127 | William Cameron Forbes | 11 November 1909
- 01 September 1913
128 | Newton W. Gilbert (Interim) | 01 September
1913 - 06 October 1913
129 | Francis Burton Harrison | 06 October 1913 -
05 March 1921
130 | Charles Yeater (Interim) | 05 March 1921 - 14
October 1921
131 | Leonard Wood | 14 October 1921 - 07 August
1927
132 | Eugene Allen Gilmore | 07 August 1927 - 27
December 1927
133 | Henry Lewis Stimson | 27 December 1927 -
23 February 1929
134 | Eugene Allen Gilmore (Interim) | 23 February
1929 - 08 July 1929
135 | Dwight F. Davis | 08 July 1929 - 09 January
1932
136 | George C. Butte (Interim) | 09 January 1932 -
29 February 1932
137 | Theodore Roosevelt, Jr. | 29 February 1932 -
15 July 1933
138 | Frank Murphy | 15 July 1933 - 14 November
1935
Commonwealth
139 | Frank Murphy | 14 November 1935 - 1936
140 | J. Weldon Jones | 31 December 1936 - 26
April 1937
141 | Paul V McNutt | 1937 - 1939
142 | J. Weldon Jones | 12 July 1939 - 28 October
1939
143 | Francis Bowes Sayre, Sr. | 1939 - 1942
144 | Harold L. Ickes | 1942 - 1945
145 | Paul V. McNutt | 1945 - 1946
Japanese Occupation
146 | Masaharu Homma | 03 January 1942 - 08
June 1942
147 | Shizuichi Tanaka | 08 June 1942 - 28 May
1943
148 | Shigenori Kuroda | 28 May 1943 - 26
September 1944
149 | Tomoyuki Yamashita | 26 September 1944
- 02 September 1945
COLONIAL POLICIES
1. Reduccion
Reduccion aimed to consolidate colonial
control over Philippine Indigenous communities
by compelling prominent individuals to relocate
into poblaciones within hearing distance to
church bella. Bell ringing ordered daily life by
signaling times to congregate and by marking
special occasions.
2. Cabeceras
These cabeceras (now poblaciones)
were given a physical plan featuring a loose grid
form, central plaza, and imposing church.
3. Polo y Servicio (Forced Labor)
- is the forced labor for 40 days of men
ranging from 16 to 60 years of age who were
obligated to give personal services to community
projects. Like construction of churches, roads,
bridges, ships and the industries of hauling and
cutting timber.
4. Tributo (Tribute)
Tributo were complelled to pay tribute to
the colonial government. It was imposed as a
sign of the Filipinos’ loyalty to the king of Spain.
Other forms of taxes from Spanish Era is the
tributo, which was originally between 8 to 10
reales.
Forced Labor (Polo y Servicio), was also a
network for tax payment. Eventually, with the
cedula, Spain replaced tribute with cedula,
which allowed them to keep track of the people
who could pay taxes.
5. Falla
- is a fee given to Spaniards to become
exempted in rendering labor force. This fee was
unreasonably high which was equivalent to one
and a half (1 ½ ) reales, and often times the
laborer could not afford to pay it.
6. Bandala System
- refers to the obligation of Filipino farmers
to sell their products to the government at a
minimum price.
- a form of direct taxes that the Spaniards
implemented in which the natives were coerced to
sell their products to the government at very low
prices.
7. Galleon Trade
- was a government monopoly. It is an
economically powerful system of linking Spain with
the commodities of Asia via Mexico.
- With this they’ve bought porcelain, silk,
ivory, spices, and myriad other exotic goods from
China to Mexico in exchange for New World silver.
It represented the first time in which Asia, America,
and Europe were connected by trade. In that sense
it can be interpreted as a fundamental step in the
birth of globalization.
Through this it increases the governments revenue,
conserves natural resources for the future, and
good relationship between countries. While its
disadvantages is that it only shares benefit to few
peoples and neglect the development of rural
areas.
8. Encomienda (trustee)
- was a formal system of forced labor in
Spanish colonies in Latin America and the
Philippines, intended to encourage conquest and
colonization.
- In medieval Spain, encomienda referred to the
relationship between a landowner and those who
worked the land. In a reciprocal relationship, the
former received labour while the latter received
protection.
- Under this system, leaders of the indigenous
community paid tribute to colonists with food, cloth,
minerals, or by providing laborers.