Dominican Republic

1 Dec 1821 independence (Independent State of the Spanish

Part
of Haiti in Colombia; "Colombia" here probably
means
"America")
9 Feb 1822 incorporated into Haiti
27 Feb 1844 independence (Dominican Republic)
18 Mar 1861 reincorporated into Spain
14 Sep 1863 independence (Dominican Republic) (recognized
11 Jul 1865)
29 Nov 1916 - 12 Jul 1924 U.S. military occupation

De facto ruler
16 Aug 1930 - 30 May 1961 Rafael Trujillo (b. 1891 -
d. 1961)

Governor and State President

1 Dec 1821 - 9 Feb 1822 José Núñez de Cáceres (b. 1772 -
d. 1846)
President of the Provisional Governing Junta
27 Feb 1844 - 1 Mar 1844 Francisco del Rosario Sánchez (b. 1817 -
d. 1861)
Presidents of the Central Governing Junta
1 Mar 1844 - 5 Jun 1844 Tomás Bobadilla (b. 1785 -
d. 1871)
5 Jun 1844 - 9 Jun 1844 José María Caminero (b. 1782 -
d. 1852)
9 Jun 1844 - 16 Jul 1844 Francisco del Rosario Sánchez (s.a.)
16 Jul 1844 - 13 Nov 1844 Pedro Santana (b. 1801 -
d. 1864)
(concurrently Supreme Chief of the Republic)
Presidents
13 Nov 1844 - 4 Aug 1848 Pedro Santana (1st time) (s.a.)
4 Aug 1848 - 8 Sep 1848 Council of Secretaries of State
- Félix Mercenario (b. 1789 -
d. 1861)
- Domingo de la Rocha (b. 1797 -
d. 1883)
- José María Caminero (s.a.)
- Manuel Jimenes (b. 1808 -
d. 1854)
8 Sep 1848 - 29 May 1849 Manuel Jimenes (s.a.)
30 May 1849 - 23 Sep 1849 Pedro Santana (2nd time) (s.a.)
(Supreme Chief of the Republic)
24 Sep 1849 - 15 Feb 1853 Buenaventura Báez (1st time) (b. 1812 -
d. 1884)
15 Feb 1853 - 26 May 1856 Pedro Santana (3rd time) (s.a.)
26 May 1856 - 8 Oct 1856 Manuel de Regla Mota (b. 1795 -
d. 1864)
8 Oct 1856 - 13 Jun 1858 Buenaventura Báez (2nd time) (s.a.)
13 Jun 1858 - 28 Jul 1858 José Desiderio Valverde (b. ... -
d. 1903)
(in rebellion from 7 Jul 1857 [as President of
the
 Provisional Government to 1 Mar 1858] and then
to
28 Aug 1858)
28 Jul 1858 - 18 Mar 1861 Pedro Santana (4th time) (s.a.)
(acting to 31 Jan 1859)
14 Sep 1863 - 10 Oct 1864 José Antonio Salcedo (b. 1816 -
d. 1864)
(President of the Government [provisional to
24 Aug 1864])
10 Oct 1864 - 23 Jan 1865 Gaspar Polanco (b. 1816 -
d. 1867)
(President of the Provisional Government)
23 Jan 1865 - 24 Jan 1865 Generals-in-Chief
- Pedro Antonio Pimentel (b. 1830 -
d. 1874)
- Benito Monción (b. 1826 -
d. 1898)
- Federico de Jesús García
24 Jan 1865 - 24 Mar 1865 Benigno Filomeno de Rojas (b. ... -
d. 1865)
(President of the Superior Governing Junta to
28 Feb
1865, then President of the Executive
Commission of
the National Convention)
25 Mar 1865 - 4 Aug 1865 Pedro Antonio Pimentel (s.a.)
4 Aug 1865 - 15 Nov 1865 José María Cabral (1st time) (b. 1819 -
d. 1899)
(Protector)
15 Nov 1865 - 8 Dec 1865 Pedro Guillermo (b. 1814 -
d. 1867)
(President of the Provisional Government; in
rebellion
as President of the Central Governing Junta
from earlier
in 1865)
8 Dec 1865 - 29 May 1866 Buenaventura Báez (3rd time) (s.a.)
29 May 1866 - 22 Aug 1866 Triumvirate
(in rebellion from 1 May 1866)
- Pedro Antonio Pimentel (s.a.)
- Gregorio Luperón (b. 1839 -
d. 1897)
- Federico de Jesús García
22 Aug 1866 - 31 Jan 1868 José María Cabral (2nd time) (s.a.)
(Provisional Chief to 29 Sep 1866)
22 Dec 1867 - 13 Feb 1868 José Hungría (in rebellion) (b. 1819 -
d. 1872)
31 Jan 1868 - 13 Feb 1868 Manuel Altagracia Cáceres (acting) (b. 1838 -
d. 1878)
13 Feb 1868 - 2 May 1868 Junta of Generals
- José Hungría (s.a.)
- Francisco Antonio Gómez (b. ... -
d. 1883)
- José Ramón Luciano (b. ... -
d. 1890?)
2 May 1868 - 2 Jan 1874 Buenaventura Báez (4th time) (s.a.)
 2 Jan 1874 - 22 Jan 1874 Ignacio María González (1st time) (b. 1840 -
d. 1915)
(Supreme Chief; in rebellion from 25 Nov 1873)
22 Jan 1874 - 6 Apr 1874 Generals-in-Chief
- Ignacio María González (s.a.)
- Manuel Altagracia Cáceres (s.a.)
6 Apr 1874 - 23 Feb 1876 Ignacio María González (2nd time) (s.a.)
(Supreme Chief 10 Sep 1874 - 12 Apr 1875)
7 Feb 1876 - Feb 1876 Constitutional Executive Junta
(in rebellion)
- Esteban Díaz
- Máximo Grullón (b. 1826 -
d. 1877)
- Manuel de Jesús de Peña (b. 1834 -
d. 1915)
- Alfredo Deetjen (b. 1836 -
d. 1897)
- Isidro Pereira (b. 1839 -
d. 1893)
23 Feb 1876 - 29 Apr 1876 Council of Secretaries of State
- Pedro Tomás Garrido (b. 1827 -
d. 1895)
- José de Jesús de Castro
- Pedro Pablo de Bonilla (b. 1807 -
d. 1881?)
- Juan Bautista Zafra (b. 1840 -
d. 1886)
- Pablo López Villanueva (to 1876) (b. ... -
d. 1902)
- Jacinto Peynado (from 1876) (b. 1826 -
d. 1897)
29 Apr 1876 - 5 Oct 1876 Ulises Francisco Espaillat (b. 1823 -
d. 1878)
5 Oct 1876 - 11 Nov 1876 Superior Governing Junta
- Pablo López Villanueva (s.a.)
- José Caminero (b. ... -
d. 1892)
- Juan Ariza
- Fidel Rodríguez Urdaneta
- José de Jesús de Castro
- Juan Bautista Zafra (s.a.)
- Pedro Tomás Garrido (s.a.)
11 Nov 1876 - 9 Dec 1876 Ignacio María González (3rd time) (s.a.)
(Supreme Chief)
10 Dec 1876 - 26 Dec 1876 Marcos Antonio Cabral (b. 1843 -
d. 1903)
(President of Provisional Governing Junta)
26 Dec 1876 - 2 Mar 1878 Buenaventura Báez (5th time) (s.a.)
(provisional to 21 Mar 1877)
1 Mar 1878 - 3 May 1878 Ignacio María González
(4th time) (s.a.)
(President of the Provisional Government, in
rebellion)
2 Mar 1878 - 5 Mar 1878 Council of Secretaries of State
- José María Cabral (s.a.)
- Joaquín Montolío (b. 1821 -
d. 1911)
 5 Mar 1878 - 6 Jul 1878 Cesáreo Guillermo (1st time) (b. 1847 -
d. 1885)
(President of the Central Government)
6 Jul 1878 - 2 Sep 1878 Ignacio María González (5th time) (s.a.)
2 Sep 1878 - 6 Sep 1878 People's Military Chiefs
- Ulises Heureaux (b. 1845 -
d. 1899)
- Cesáreo Guillermo (s.a.)
7 Sep 1878 - 29 Sep 1878 Jacinto del Rosario de Castro (b. 1811 -
d. 1896)
(acting)
30 Sep 1878 - 27 Feb 1879 Council of Secretaries of State
- Cesáreo Guillermo (s.a.)
- Alejandro Angulo Guridi (b. 1823 -
d. 1906)
- Pedro Ramón Aristy
27 Feb 1879 - 6 Dec 1879 Cesáreo Guillermo (2nd time) (s.a.)
6 Dec 1879 - 1 Sep 1880 Gregorio Luperón (s.a.)
(in rebellion from 7 Oct 1879)
1 Sep 1880 - 1 Sep 1882 Fernando Arturo de Meriño (b. 1833 -
d. 1906)
1 Sep 1882 - 1 Sep 1884 Ulises Heureaux (1st time) (s.a.)
1 Sep 1884 - 16 May 1885 Francisco Gregorio Billini (b. 1844 -
d. 1898)
16 May 1885 - 6 Jan 1887 Alejandro Woss y Gil (1st time) (b. 1856 -
d. 1932)
6 Jan 1887 - 27 Feb 1889 Ulises Heureaux (2nd time) (s.a.)
27 Feb 1889 - 30 Apr 1889 Manuel María Gautier (acting) (b. 1830 -
d. 1897)
30 Apr 1889 - 26 Jul 1899 Ulises Heureaux (3rd time) (s.a.)
26 Jul 1899 - 30 Aug 1899 Wenceslao Figuereo (b. 1834 -
d. 1910)
30 Aug 1899 - 31 Aug 1899 Council of Secretaries of State
- Tomás Demetrio Morales (b. 18... -
d. 1906)
- Arístides Patiño (b. 1856 -
d. 1928)
- Enrique Henríquez y Alfau (b. 1859 -
d. 1940)
- Jaime R. Vidal
- Braulio Álvarez (Undersecretary) (b. 1841 -
d. 1927)
31 Aug 1899 - 4 Sep 1899 People's Revolutionary Governing Junta
- Mariano Cestero (b. 1838 -
d. 1909)
- Álvaro Logroño
- Arístides Patiño (s.a.)
- Pedro María Mejía
4 Sep 1899 - 15 Nov 1899 Horacio Vásquez (1st time) (b. 1860 -
d. 1936)
(President of the Provisional Government;
in rebellion from 1 Aug 1899)
15 Nov 1899 - 2 May 1902 Juan Isidro Jimenes (1st time) (b. 1846 -
d. 1919)
26 Apr 1902 - 23 Apr 1903 Horacio Vásquez (2nd time) (s.a.)
(President of the Provisional Government)
23 Apr 1903 - 24 Nov 1903 Alejandro Woss y Gil (2nd time) (s.a.)
 (President of the Provisional Government to 1
Aug 1903)
24 Oct 1903 - 24 Dec 1905 Carlos Felipe Morales (b. 1868 -
d. 1914)
(President of the Provisional Government to 19
Apr 1904)
24 Dec 1905 - 19 Nov 1911 Ramón Cáceres (b. 1866 -
d. 1911)
19 Nov 1911 - 5 Dec 1911 Council of Secretaries
- Miguel Antonio Román (b. 1834 -
d. 1920)
- José María Cabral (s.a.)
- Manuel de Jesús Troncoso
de la Concha (b. 1878 -
d. 1955)
- Federico Velásquez y Hernández
(1st time) (b. 1867 -
d. 1934)
- Manuel Lamarche García
- Emiliano Tejera (b. 1841 -
d. 1923)
- Rafael Díaz
5 Dec 1911 - 30 Nov 1912 Eladio Victoria (b. 1864 -
d. 1939)
(provisional to 27 Feb 1912)
1 Dec 1912 - 13 Apr 1913 Adolfo Alejandro Nouel (b. 1862 -
d. 1937)
(provisional)
14 Apr 1913 - 27 Aug 1914 José Bordas Valdés (provisional) (b. 1874 -
d. 1968)
28 Aug 1914 - 5 Dec 1914 Ramón Báez (provisional) (b. 1858 -
d. 1929)
5 Dec 1914 - 7 May 1916 Juan Isidro Jimenes (2nd time) (s.a.)
7 May 1916 - 31 Jul 1916 Council of Secretaries
- Jaime Mota
- Bernardo Pichardo (b. 1877 -
d. 1924)
- José Manuel Jimenes (to 1916)
- Federico Velásquez y Hernández
(2nd time) (from 1916) (s.a.)
31 Jul 1916 - 29 Nov 1916 Francisco Henríquez y Carvajal (b. 1859 -
d. 1935)
(provisional)
Governors
29 Nov 1916 - 18 Nov 1918 Harry Shepard Knapp (b. 1856 -
d. 1923)
18 Nov 1918 - 25 Feb 1919 Ben Hebard Fuller (b. 1870 -
d. 1937)
25 Feb 1919 - 3 Jun 1921 Thomas Snowden (b. 1857 -
d. 1930)
3 Jun 1921 - 21 Oct 1922 Samuel S. Robinson
Presidents
21 Oct 1922 - 12 Jul 1924 Juan Bautista Vicini Burgos (b. 1871 -
d. 1935)
(provisional)
12 Jul 1924 - 3 Mar 1930 Horacio Vásquez (3rd time) (s.a.)
 3 Mar 1930 - 16 Aug 1930 Rafael Estrella Ureña (acting) (b. 1889 -
d. 1945)
16 Aug 1930 - 16 Aug 1938 Rafael Trujillo (1st time) (s.a.)
16 Aug 1938 - 7 Mar 1940 Jacinto Bienvenido Peynado (b. 1878 -
d. 1940)
7 Mar 1940 - 18 May 1942 Manuel de Jesús Troncoso
de la Concha (s.a.)
18 May 1942 - 16 Aug 1952 Rafael Trujillo (2nd time) (s.a.)
(acting to 16 Aug 1942)
16 Aug 1952 - 3 Aug 1960 Héctor Trujillo (b. 1908)
3 Aug 1960 - 16 Jan 1962 Joaquín Balaguer (1st time) (b. 1906)
16 Jan 1962 - 18 Jan 1962 Civic-Military Council
- Armando Óscar Pacheco
- Luis Amiama Tió
- Antonio Imbert Barrera (b. 1920)
- Enrique Valdez Vidaurre
- Wilfredo Medina Natalio
- Huberto Bogaert (from 17 Jan
1962) (chairman)
18 Jan 1962 - 27 Feb 1963 Rafael Filiberto Bonnelly Fondeur (b. 1904 -
d. 1978)
27 Feb 1963 - 25 Sep 1963 Juan Bosch (b. 1909)
25 Sep 1963 - 26 Sep 1963 Víctor Elby Viñas Román
(chairman Provisional Junta)
26 Sep 1963 - 25 Apr 1965 Triumvirate
- Emilio de los Santos (b. 1903)
(to 22 Dec 1963) (chairman)
- Manuel Enrique Tavares
Espaillat (b. 1929)
- Ramón Tapia Espinal (b. 1926)
- Donald Joseph Reid Cabral (b. 1923)
(from 29 Dec 1963) (chairman)
25 Apr 1965 (hours) Revolutionary Committee
- Vinicio Fernández Pérez
- Giovanni Gutiérrez Ramírez
- Francisco Alberto Caamaño Deñó (b. 1932 -
d. 1973)
- Eladio Ramírez Sánchez
- Pedro Bartolomé Benoît
25 Apr 1965 - 27 Apr 1965 José Rafael Molina Ureña (b. 1921)
(provisional)
1 May 1965 - 7 May 1965 Pedro Bartolomé Benoît
(chairman military junta)
7 May 1965 - 30 Aug 1965 Antonio Imbert Barrera (s.a.)
4 May 1965 - 3 Sep 1965 Francisco Alberto Caamaño Deñó (s.a.)
(in opposition)
3 Sep 1965 - 1 Jul 1966 Héctor Federico García Godoy
Cáceres (provisional) (b. 1921 -
d. 1970)
1 Jul 1966 - 16 Aug 1978 Joaquín Balaguer (2nd time) (s.a.)
16 Aug 1978 - 4 Jul 1982 Antonio Guzmán Fernández (b. 1911 -
d. 1982)
4 Jul 1982 - 16 Aug 1982 Jacobo Majluta Azar (b. 1934 -
d. 1996)
16 Aug 1982 - 16 Aug 1986 Salvador Jorge Blanco (b. 1926)
16 Aug 1986 - 16 Aug 1996 Joaquín Balaguer (3rd time) (s.a.)
16 Aug 1996 - Leonel Fernández Reyna (b. 1953)