Portugal

Also visit a detailed page on Portuguese Governments since 1990, as part of ZPC, to know more about the
ruling parties.
Parties: UN: National Union; PS: Socialist Party; PSD: Social Democratic Party; CDS:
Social Democratic Center (then CDS/PP); PCP: Portuguese Communist Party

Presidents of the Republic

António Óscar de Fragoso Carmona 9 Jul 1926 - 18 Apr 1951 (+) UN,
military (1)
António de Oliveira Salazar 18 Apr 1951 - 9 Aug 1951 (+1970) UN
(2)
Francisco Higino Craveiro Lópes 9 Aug 1951 - 9 Aug 1958 (+1964) UN,
military
Américo de Deus Rodrigues Thomás 9 Aug 1958 - 25 Apr 1974 (+1987) UN,
military
-- National Salvation Junta -- 25 Apr 1974 - 15 May 1974 ----
Military Junta (3)
António Sebastião Ribeiro de Spínola 15 May 1974 - 30 Sep 1974 (+1996)
military
Francisco da Costa Gomes 30 Sep 1974 - 14 Jul 1976
military
António dos Santos Ramalho Eanes 14 Jul 1976 - 9 Mar 1986
military (4)
Mario Alberto Nobre Lópes Soares 9 Mar 1986 - 9 Mar 1996 PS
Jorge Fernando Branco de Sampaio 9 Mar 1996 - PS

(1) General Carmona was acting head of State from 9 Jul 1926 to 29 Nov 1926 and interim President from 29
Nov 1926 to 15 Apr 1928.
(2) Prime Minister acting as head of State
(3) Members of the 1974 National Salvation Junta (JSN):
António Sebastião Ribeiro de Spínola (chair, +1996), Francisco da Costa Gomes, José
Pinheiro de Azevedo, António Rosa Coutinho, Jaime Silveiro Marques, Carlos Galvao de
Melo and Manuel Diogo Neto.
(4) General Eanes was elected in democratic elections

Prime Ministers
António de Oliveira Salazar 1932-1968 (+1970) UN
Marcelo das Neves Alves Caetano 1968-1974 (+1980) UN
Adelino da Palma Carlos 1974 (+1992) non-party (5)
Vasco dos Santos Gonçalves 1974-1975 military
José Pinheiro de Azevedo 1975-1976 (+1983) military
Mario Alberto Nobre Lópes Soares 1976-1978 PS
Alfredo Nobre da Costa 1978 (+1996) non-party
Carlos da Mota Pinto 1978-1979 (+1985) non-party
Maria de Lourdes Pintasilgo 1979-1980 non-party (acting)
Francisco Lumbrales de Sá Carneiro 1980 (+)D PSD
Diogo Freitas do Amaral 1980-1981 CDS (acting)
Francisco Pinto Balsemão 1981-1983 PSD
Mario Alberto Nobre Lópes Soares 1983-1985 PS
Aníbal Cavaco Silva 1985-1995 PSD
António Manuel de Oliveira Guterres 1995- PS
(5) Civilian prime minister under military rule

General Secretaries of PS
Mario Alberto Nobre Lópes Soares 1973-1986
Vítor Ribeiro Constâncio 1986-1987
--- Collective Leadership --- 1987-1989
Jorge Fernando Branco de Sampaio 1989-1992
António Manuel de Oliveira Guterres 1992-

Chairmen of PSD (6)

Francisco Lumbrales de Sá Carneiro 1974-1978 (+1980) (7)
Antonio Sousa Franco 1978
Francisco Lumbrales de Sá Carneiro 1978-1980 (+)
Francisco Pinto Balsemão 1981-1983
Nuno Rodrígues Dos Santos 1983-1984
Carlos da Mota Pinto 1984-1985 (+1985)
Rui Manuel Parente de Machete 1985 (interim)
Aníbal Cavaco Silva 1985-1995
Joaquim Fernando Nogueira 1995-1996
Marcelo Rebelo de Sousa 1996-1999
José Manuel Durão Barroso 1999-
(6) Named People's Democratic Party (PPD) to 1976.
(7) General Secretary up to 1976

Chairmen of CDS/PP (8)

Diogo Freitas do Amaral 1974-1983
Francisco Ant¢nio Lucas Pires 1983-1985
Adriano José Alves Moreira 1985-1987
Diogo Freitas do Amaral 1987-1991
Adriano José Alves Moreira 1991-1992
Manuel Monteiro 1992-1998
Paulo Sacadura Cabral Portas 1998-
(8) CDS renamed to People's Party (CDS/PP) in 1994

General secretaries of PCP

Alvaro Cunhal 1961-1992
Carlos Carvalhas 1992-