GCSE CIE Extended Math

Section 1: AIRTH MATIC

Topic 7: GROWTH AND DECAY
Difficulty Level: Easy
Question 1: Marks: 3
Example: A bank account containing £100 gets 3% compound interest. How much will be in the
account after 4 years?
Year 1: 3% on top of 100 = £103.
Year 2: 3% on top of 103 =£106.09.
And so on …
Solution:
To find compound growth after n years, we can substitute all the values into the compound
growth and decay formula:
here n= 4
Use the compound interest formula
I = P(1+r/100)n
N = 100 x (1+3/100)
N = 112.55 (2 d. p. )
final answer:
the amount after 4 yearswill bw 112.55
Question 2: Marks: 2
What sum of money will amount to $ 21296 in 3 years at 10% per annum, compounded
annually?
Solution:
The question says “increases exponentially” so use
P(1 + r /100)n
Substitute P = 21296, r = 10 and n = 3 into the formula
21296(1+10/100)3
calculate with the help of calculator
28344.976
Final Answer:at 10% per annum the sum of money is 28344.976
Question 3: Marks: 2
 The graph shows exponential growth what is the equation of the graph

y = kx
y = -kx
y = k-x
Solution:
This is an example of an exponential graph.
Exponential graphs are in the form kx or k-x
now we have to check that the grah is increasing or decreasing .if it is increasing the value is
kx
final answer:
y = kx
y = -kx
y = k-x
Question 4: Marks: 2
Alia invest $8000 at a rate of 5% per year compound interest.calculate the value of her
investment at the end of 3 years.
Solution:
Use the compound interest formula
I = P(1+r/100)n
I - value of the investment after n years
P - amount invested; P = 8000
r - the rate; r = 5
n - the number of years, n = 3
Substituting values into formula
I = 8000(1+5/100)3
calculate while using calculator
9261
Final Answer:
the value of her investment at the end of 3 yearsis 9261
Question 5: Marks: 3
: A train ticket from Birmingham to Yorkshire costs £50. The ticket increases in price at a rate of
10% per year. How many years will it take for the train ticket to have a future cost of £80? Give
your answer to the nearest year.
Solution:
We substitute our known values into the compound growth and decay formula:
I = P(1+R/100)N
where
I - value of the investment after n years= 80
P - amount invested; P = 50
r - the rate; r = 10
n - the number of years, n = un known
50 x (1+10/100)n=80
We now substitute various values of n into this equation, until the right-hand side is equal to
£80:
n = 2 gives 60.5
n= 4 gives 73.21
n = 6 gives 88.58
n= 5 gives 80.5
n = 5 gives the closest answer to 80. so it takes 5 years for the train to increase from 50 to 80

Question 6: Marks: 3
Example: A house bought for £15000 depreciates at 5% per year. Calculate the value of the
house after 5 years.
solution:
This time we need to use − instead of +.Using n=5 we can put our values into the formula:
N =£
15000 X (1-5/100)5 = £
11606.71(2 D.P)
Final Answer:
after 5 years the price of house will be 11606.71(2 D.P)

Question 7: Marks: 2
Write an equation for the graph

solution
if x= 1 ,y=4
the equation for this graph is y=kx as it is increasing
y=4x+1
Final answer::
y=4x+1

Question 8: Marks: 3
sketch the graph for the function
y = 4.2x
solution :
we will assume the value of x =-2,-1,0,1,2

Question 9: Marks: 3
A weed in a river spreads by doubling the number of its plants each week, and starts with 1
weed. The local river authority can clear the number of weeds at the rate of 300 per week. If the
local river authority starts treating the weed growth at the end of week 9, how many complete
weeks will it be before the river is cleared?
Solution:
double the number of wheels for the first 8 weeks .week 0:1,week 1:2,to week 8:128
week 9:256
begin reduction of the weeds from week 10
week 10:256 x 2-300=212
week 11:212 x 2-300 =124
week:12: 124 x 2-300=-52

Final Answer:
11 weeks

Question 10: Marks: 2

A bank account containing £100 gets 3% percent simple interest each year..write amount paid
after 3 months
solution:

If we had a 3% simple interest rate, then the interest you would earn each year would remain at
£3 and not increase. So, after 1 year you would have £103 and after 2 years you would
have£106.and after 3 years it would be £109
final answer:
the amount paid after 3 years =109

Difficulty Level: Medium

Question 11: Marks: 3
sketch the graph for the function
y = 2.8x
solution :
we will assume the value of x =-2,-1,0,1,2

Question 12: Marks: 6

On 1 november 2015 there were 4200 trees planted in a wood.
On 1 November 2016 ,only 3948 of these trees were still alive.
it is assumed that te number of trees still alive is given by
N=ar^t
where N is the number of trees still alive t years after 1 November 2015
(a) write down te value of a.
 (b)show that r is 0.94
(c)Show that on 1 November 2030 the number of trees still alive is predicted to have decreased by over
60% compared with November 2015
(a) Solution:

(b)

(c)

Final answer = 60%

Question 13: Marks: 4
sketch the graph for the function
y= 4.(1/2)x
Solution:

we will assume the value of x =-2,-1,0,1,2

Question 14: Marks: 3

sketch the graph for the function
y=2.(1/2)x

Solution:
we will assume the value of x =-2,-1,0,1,2
 Final Answer:
Question 15: Marks: 4
Mr. Charls invests £500 in a bond for 4 years which promises a compound interest rate of 5% per
annum. What amount will Mr. Charles get after 4 years?
Solution:
Initial amount = P0 =$500
N =4 Years
R(r)=5%
Amount after 4 years (p4) = $500 x( 1+ 5/100)4
=
$ 500 x ( 100+5/100)4
=$500 x (105/100)
=$500 x 1.05)4
=$500 x 1.2155=607.75

Final Answer:
Mr.charles will get$607.75 after 4 years

Question 16: Marks: 4

The population of country A in 2000 was 12 million which is decreasing by 8% every year.
Assuming the rate remains constant over the years, how many people will reside in country A by
2010.
Solution:
The population of country A in 2000 was 12 000000=(P0)
Rate of decrement = (r)=8%
period(n) = 2010 -2000 = 10 years
population of countryA in 2010 (p10)
=12000000 x (1-8/100)10
 =12000000 x (1/100-8/100)10
= 12000000 x (92/100)10
=12000000 x 0.92)10
= 12000000 x 0.4344
5,212,800

Final Answer:
people will reside in country A by 2010.5,212,800
Question 17: Marks:4
A ferris wheel is running at 500 revolutions per minute. Power to the feriswheel is turned
off. It slows down at the rate of 10% and, in addition, 50 turns each minute. How many
complete minutes does the feris wheel take to stop?
Solution:
start value :500 revolutions per minute
after 1 minute :500 -10%of 500 -50=400 rpm
after 2 minutes :400-10%of 400 - 50 =310 rpm
3 minutes =229 rpm ,4 minutes = 156.1rpm ,5 minutes =90.5 rpm
6 minutes =90.5-10% of 90.5-50=31.45
Final answer:
it almost take 6 minutes to stop the wheel.
Question 18: Marks: 4
Money invested in a bank can generate two different types of interest.
Compound interest
occurs when interest is added to the balance at the end of a time period and interest is then
calculated on the total of these at the end of the next time period.

If £10,000 is invested into an account offering 2% compound interest each year then the balance
grows as shown in the table.

draw the graph .

Solution:

Question 19: Marks: 4

A 25-year-old student is offered an opportunity to invest some money in a retirement account
that pays 5%annual interest compounded continuously. How much does the student need to
invest today to have $1million when she retires at age 65? What if she could earn 6 annual
interest compounded continuously instead?
Solution:
we have 1,000,000=Pe0.05(40)
P=135,335.28.
She must invest $135,335.28 at 5 interest.If, instead, she is able to earn 6then the equation
becomes 1,000,000=Pe0.06(40)
P=90,717.95.
Final answer:
In this case, she needs to invest only $90,717.95.This is roughly two-thirds the amount she
needs to invest at 5%.The fact that the interest is compounded continuously greatly magnifies
the effect of the 1increase in interest rate.
Question 20: Marks:
Manchester has a population of 20 000 people. The population increases exponentially by 4%
every year. Find the population after 13 years, giving your answer to the nearest hundred.
Solution:
The question says “increases exponentially” so use
P(1+R/100)n
Substitute P = 20 000, r = 4 and n = 13 into the formula
20000(1+4/100)13
Work out this value on your calculator
33301.4701462........
Round this value to the nearest hundred
33300 people
Final Answer:
The population after 13 yearrs is 33300 people

Difficulty Level: Hard

Question 21: Marks: 3
A man bought a chair for £100 there will be 3% compound interest. How much will bethe chair
after 4 years?
solution:
the man bought chair at 100 forst year 3% interst will add
3% on top of £103.
second year another 3% will add
Year 2: 3% on top of £106.09.
And so on …To find compound growth after n years, we can substitute all the values into the
compound growth and decay formula:
Here n=4 N=100 x (1+3/100)4 =112.55(2 d.p)
Final Answer:
the price of chair after 4 years will be 112.55

Question 22: Marks: 5

Find wether the grah is increasing or decreasing.anf find out the value of x and -x

Solution:
Solution:
from the graph on left when x=2.5,y=5 ,from the grah on right when x = -3.5 and y=10
substituting these values into y= kx substituting these values into y= kx
5=k2.5(increasing) 10=k-3.5(decreasing )

Final Answer:
 the value of x is 2.5 for increasing graph
the value of x = -3.5 for decreasing
Question 23: Marks:
The temperature of an island exponentially decays from 60°C by r % each hour. After 3 hours,
the temperature is 18°C.
Write down an equation in terms of r.
Solution:
The question says “exponentially decays” so
use
P(1-R/100)n
Substitute P = 60 and n = 3 into the formula
60(1-r/100)3
the final value is 18, so set the whole formula equals to 18
60(1-r/100)3 = 18
This is now an equation in terms of r
60(1-r/100)3 = 18
Final Answer:
the equation in terms of r is 60(1-r/100)3 = 18
Question 24: Marks: 4
Question 5: A speedboat purchased for £36,000 depreciates by x% each year. If after 3 years, the
speedboat has a value of £15,187.50, what is the value of the speedboat to the nearest pound after
5 years?
Solution:
This is a challenging question where we will need to find the value of x before we can
calculate the value of the speedboat after 5 years.
In most questions of this type, we have a starting value which we multiply by a percentage
multiplier in order to arrive at the final value. In this question, we have the final value and
not the percentage multiplier, so we will need to do some rearranging.
First of all, we need to consider what we would normally to do the percentage multiplier for
a compound percentage change over a three-year period. If a value is being decreased by x
% each year, then for three year we would multiply the starting value by 3%Let’s write
this as an equation using the values presented to us in this question:
36000 x x3 = 15,187,.50
then 15,187.50 /36,000 = x3
x3 = 0.421874x, we simply need to take the cube root of
0.421874: = 0.75
So, the multiplier in our equation is 0.75. What does this means in terms of a percentage
increase or decrease? Since the value is less than 1, we know it is a decrease and not an
increase decrease (we know this anyway since the question states that the speedboat
decreases in value).0.75 is the multiplier for 75%. I we are working out 75% of an amount,
then this means that the amount is reducing in value by 25%, so this speedboat is
depreciating at a rate of
Now that we know the depreciation rate, we can work out the value of the speedboat after 5
years.The value of the speedboat after 3 years is £15,187.50, so if it depreciates by 25% for
another two years, its value can be calculated as follows
15,187.50 x 0.75 =
8,543 to the nearest pound

Final Answer: $
8,543

Question 25: Marks:

A country has a population of 25 000 people. The population increases exponentially by 4%
every year. Find the population after 10 years, giving your answer to the nearest hundred.
Solution:
The question says “increases exponentially” so use
P(1 + r /100)n
Substitute P = 25 000, r = 4 and n = 10 into the formula
25000(1+4/100)10
calculate with the help of calculator
37006.107
nearest 100=37000
Final Answer:
the population after 10 years,is 37000 people
Question:26: marks:4
Consider the population of bacteria described earlier. This population grows according to the
function f(t)=200e0.02t, where t is measured in minutes. How many bacteria are present in the
population after 5 hours ( 30 minutes)? When does the population reach 100,000
bacteria?
Solution
We have f(t)=200e0.02t.
Then f(300)=200e0.02(300)≈80,686.
There are 80,686bacteria in the population after 5hours.
To find when the population reaches 100,000
bacteria, we solve the equation

100,000 = 200e0.02
500t=e0.02t
ln500=0.02t
t=ln500/0.02≈310.73.
Final answer:
The population reaches 100,000 bacteria after 310.73 minutes.
Question 27: marks:4
According to experienced baristas, the optimal temperature to serve coffee is between
155°Fand 175°F
. Suppose coffee is poured at a temperature of 200°F, and after 2 minutes in a 70°F room it
has cooled to 180°F When is the coffee first cool enough to serve? When is the coffee too
cold to serve? Round answers to the nearest half minute.
Solution:
T=(T0 -Ta)e-kt+Ta
180 = (200 -70)e-k2+70
110=130e-2k
ln 11/13 =-2k
ln11-ln13 =-2k
k = ln 13-ln11/2
then the model is
T = 130eln11-ln13/2)t+70
the coffe reaches 1750 when
175 = 130eln11-ln13/2)t+70
105= 130eln11-ln13/2)t
21/26= 130eln11-ln13/2)t
ln 21/26 = ln 11-ln 13/2t
ln 21 -lm26=(ln11-ln13/2)t
t=2(ln21-ln26)/ln11-ln13
≈2.56.
The coffee can be served about 2.5 minutes after it is poured. The coffee reaches 155°F
at
155=130e(ln11−ln13/2)t+70
85=130e(ln11−ln13)t
17/26=e(ln11−ln13)t
ln 17 - ln 26=(ln11−ln132/2)
t=2(ln17−ln26)/ln11−ln13
≈5.09.
Final answer:
The coffee is too cold to be served about 5 minutes after it is poured

Question 28: marks:4

the graph shows how germs (g) grow over time (t). the equation of the graph is
y = 20 g t
determine the value of g

Solution:
from the graph when
t=2,y=2000
substituting these values into y= 20gt
2000 = 20 g2
dividing by 20 gives
100=g2
square gives g=10
Final answer
g=10
Question 29: Marks:4
As a percentage, what is the overall decrease in value of a property that was purchased for
£850,000 if it decreased in value by 6% for the first 3 years and then by 4% for the following 2
years? Give your answer to the nearest whole percentage.
Solution:
In order to solve this question, we need to work out the value of the property after
3 years, and then after 5 years.
Since in the first 3 years, the property is decreasing in value at a rate of
6% every year, this means that at the end of each year, the property is worth
94% of what is was worth at the start of the year. Therefore, we need to multiply the
original value of the house by 0.94 three times (which is the same as multiplying the
original value by 0.943
850,000 x 0.943 =705,996.40
for the subsequent 2 years, the property is continuing to decrease in value, but at a rate of
4% every year, which means that at the end of each year, the property is worth
96% of what is was worth at the start of the year. Therefore, we need to multiply the value
of the house after three years by 0.96 twice (which is the same as multiplying the original
value by 0.962
705996.40 x 0.962 = 650 646.2822
This means that after 5 years, the property is worth £650,646.2822 If the original value of
the house was £850,000, then to work out the overall percentage decrease in value, we
simply need to work out the difference between the original value and the new value after 5
years, and work this out as a percentage of the original value, which can be calculated as
follows:
850,000 - 650,646.2822/850,000 x 100 =23%to the nearest whole number
the overall decrease in value of a property that was purchased for
£850,000 if it decreased in value by 6% for the first 3 years and then by 4% for the following 2
years so it decreased 23%
23%of 850000 =195,500
Finalanswer:
after 5 years the value of property would be 195,500

Question:30 marks:4
assume a population of fish grows exponentially. A pond is stocked initially with 500
 fish. After 6months, there are 1000 fish in the pond. The owner will allow his friends and
neighbors to fish on his pond after the fish population reaches 10,000
. When will the owner’s friends be allowed to fish?
Solution;
We know it takes the population of fish 6 months to double in size. So, if t
represents time in months, by the doubling-time formula, we have 6=(ln2)/k
. Then, k=(ln2)/6
. Thus, the population is given by y=500e((ln2)/6)t
. To figure out when the population reaches 10,000
fish, we must solve the following equation:
1,000,00 =500e(ln 2/6)t
20=e(ln2/6)t
ln 20 =(ln2/6)t
t=6(ln2/6)t
t=6(ln2/6)
25.93
the owners friend have to wait 25.93 months (more than 2 years )to fish in the pond
Final answer:
the owners friend have to wait 25.93 months (more than 2 years )to fish in the pond

Queation 31: Marls:[2]

The number of students in class at the start of year t is X,
The number of students at the start of year 1 is 400
Given that Xt+1 =1.01X
Work out the number of Students at the start of Year3
Solution:
Given that X1 = 400, and Xt+1 =1.01Xt,We can find X2 andX3 as follows
X 2 =1.01 xX1 =1.01 X400 =404
X3=1.01 x X2 = 1.01 x 404 =408.04
so,the number of studentsat start of the year 3 is 408.
Final answer:
so,the number of studentsat start of the year 3 is 408.
Question 32 Marks[1]
At time t=0 hours a tank is full of water. Water leaks from the tank .At the end of every hour
there is 10% less water in the tank than at the start of the hour.
The volume of water ,in litres in the tank at time t hours isVt
given that V0 =2000
Vt+1 = kVt
write down the value of k
Solution:
At the end of each hour, the volume of water in the tank decreases by 10%. This means that
if V is the volume of water in the tank at the start of hour t, then the volume at the end of
hour t will be 0.9Vt
(since 100% - 10% = 90% = 0.9 as a decimal).
Given that V0=2000 litres, we can find V1 , the volume at the end of the first hour, as
follows:
V1 =0.9 x v0=0.9×2000=1800 litres
So, the value of k is 0.9.
Final answer:
So, the value of k is 0.9.

Question: marks:3
A car race takes place each year. in 2023 there were 6500 runners.

does this predict that in 2025 there will be more than 7500 cars ?
Solution:
To predict the number of cars in the race for the next few years, we can use the information
provided about the increase rate.
In 2023, there were 6500 cars.
To find the number of cars for each of the next 3 years, we'll increase the number of cars by 15%
each year.
For 2024:
6500+(6500 x 0.15 ) = 6500 +975 = 7475
for 2025
7475 +(7475 x 0.15 ) = 7475 +1121.25 =8598
for 2026
8596 + (8596 x 0.15)=8596+1289.4=9886
So, based on the 15% increase each year, the number of cars in 2025 is predicted to be
approximately 8596, which is more than 7500.
Question marks:4
At the start of 2018, the population of an island was 18560
At the start of 2019, the population of the island was 16807.
It is assumed that the population of the town is given by the formula
P- art
where P is the population of the town t years after the start of 2018
Question: marks:4
the value of a house ,$F is given by
F = 15500 x 0.82^n
where n= number of years after it was bought from new .
a)write down the value of house when new .
b)write down the annual percentage decrease in the value of car .
c)show the value of car after 4 years is less than half its value when new.
Solution:

Question: marks:4
aleena buys a house the expected value of the house is $X is given by
X = 16000 x 0.75^t
where t is the age of house in complete years .
1)write down the value of house when new .
2)write down the annual %decrease in the expected value of the house.
3)show that the expected value of the house when 2 years old is $9000
4)aleena sketches a graph to show the expected value of house when it gets older .explain how
her graph is in correct .
Solution:
Let's go through each of the questions step by step:
The value of the house when new (t = 0) can be found by substituting t = 0 into the given
equation:
x = 16000 x 0.75^0
x = 16000 x 1
x = 16000

Let's go through each of the questions step by step:

The value of the house when new (t = 0) can be found by substituting t = 0 into the given
equation:
X = 16000 * 0.75^0
X = 16000 * 1
X = 16000
So, the value of the house when new is $16,000.
To find the annual percentage decrease in the expected value of the house, we can use the
formula for percentage change:
% decrease = ((final value - initial value) / initial value) * 100
Substitute the values for t = 1 into the equation to find the value of the house after 1 year:

X = 16000 * 0.75^1
x = 16000 x 0.75
x = 12000
now, calculate the percentage decrease:
% decrease = ((12000 - 16000) / 16000) * 100
% decrease = (-4000 / 16000) * 100
% decrease = -0.25 * 100
% decrease = -25%
So, the annual percentage decrease in the expected value of the house is 25%.
Let's go through each of the questions step by step:
The value of the house when new (t = 0) can be found by substituting t = 0 into the given
equation:
X = 16000 * 0.75^0
X = 16000 * 1
X = 16000
So, the value of the house when new is $16,000.
To find the annual percentage decrease in the expected value of the house, we can use the
formula for percentage change:
% decrease = ((final value - initial value) / initial value) * 100

Substitute the values for t = 1 into the equation to find the value of the house after 1 year:
X = 16000 * 0.75^1
X = 16000 * 0.75
X = 12000
Now, calculate the percentage decrease:
% decrease = ((12000 - 16000) / 16000) * 100
% decrease = (-4000 / 16000) * 100
% decrease = -0.25 * 100
% decrease = -25%
So, the annual percentage decrease in the expected value of the house is 25%.
To show that the expected value of the house when 2 years old is $9000, substitute t = 2 into the
equation:
X = 16000 * 0.75^2
X = 16000 * 0.5625
X = 9000
So, the expected value of the house when 2 years old is indeed $9000.
When Aleena sketches a graph to show the expected value of the house as it gets older, the graph
will be a decreasing exponential curve. This is because the value of the house decreases by 25%
each year, as shown by the formula. Initially, the value decreases rapidly, but as the house gets
older, the rate of decrease slows down. The graph will approach but never reach zero, indicating
that the value of the house continues to decrease over time but never becomes zero.
The graph is not correct as final value must be equal to zero

Question: marks:5
prime minister decided to plant some trees
on 2020 they planted 7200 trees ,but till next year only 3948 of treeswere alive
the number of trees still alive is given by N = ar^t
where N is the number of trees still alive t years after 2020
write down the value of a ,show that r = 0.94
show that on 2030 the number of trees still alived is predicted to have decreasedby over
60%comared with 2020.
Solution:
Given that the formula for the number of trees still alive is n = a-r^t
N=a-r^t and we know that in 2021 (1 year after 2020), 3948 trees were still alive, we can
substitute these values into the formula to solve for a
3948 = a . 0.94^1
solving for a
a = 3948/0.94 = 4200
now we want to show thar r = 0.94the formula for the number of trees still alive is N = a .r
^t we know that 2021(1 year after 20209 ,3948 trees were still alive
N = 4200 . 0.94^10 = 1594
The percentage decrease compared to 2020 is:
7200 - 1594/7200 X 100% = 77.8%
Therefore, the number of trees still alive in 2030 is predicted to have decreased by over
60% compared with 2020.