PERCENTAGES SI & CI

Concept:
PERCENTAGES SI & CI
PERCENTAGES SI & CI
PERCENTAGES SI & CI
PERCENTAGES SI & CI
PERCENTAGES SI & CI
PERCENTAGES SI & CI
PERCENTAGES SI & CI
 PERCENTAGES SI & CI

Questions:
1. If 45 is 120% of a number, then what is 80% of the same number?
a. 30 b. 32 c. 36 d. 38
Solution:
120% of x = 45
45
x= ∗ 100
120
x = 225/6
x = 37.5
12
80% of 37.5 = 100 ∗ 37.5 = 30

2. The population of a town was 3600 three years back. It is 4800 right now. What will be the population
three years down the line, if the rate of growth of population is constant over the years?
a.6400 b. 6000 c. 5800 d. 6600
Solution:

From 3600 to 4800 there is an (1/3) increase.

So, there should be same rate of increase after 3 years.
 (1/3) of 4800 = 1600
∴ 3 years later = 4800 + 1600 = 6400
 PERCENTAGES SI & CI

3. Two students appeared for an examination. One of them secured 9 marks more than the other and
his score was 56% of the sum of their marks. The marks obtained by them are:
a. 39, 30 b. 43, 32
c.42, 33 d. 43, 34
Solution:
x + 9 = 56% of [(x+9) + x]
we can find x from this
x + 9 = 42
x = 33

4. Peter got 30% of the maximum marks in an examination and failed by 10 marks. However, Paul, who
took the same examination, got 40% of the total marks and got 15 marks more than the pass mark.
What was the pass mark in the examination?
a. 75 b. 250 c. 90 d. 85
Solution:
30% of marks ……..failed by 10 marks
40% of marks …….got 15 marks extra
So 10% of marks = 10+15 = 25
=> 100% of marks = 250
To pass the person has to get 30% + 10 marks
30% of mark = 25*3 = 75
∴To pass, Peter should get = 75+10 = 85.

5. A shepherd has 1 million sheep at the beginning of the year 2000. The numbers grow by x%, (x > 0)
during the year. A famine hits his village in the next year and many of his sheep die. The sheep
population decreases by y% during 2001 and at the beginning of 2002 the shepherd finds that he is left
with 1 million sheep. Which of the following is correct?
a. y>x b. x=y c. x>y d. xy=0
Solution:
Increases by x% Decreases by y%
So increase by 1/𝑛 Decrease by 1/𝑛+1
E.g.: 1/4 = 25% 1/5 = 20%
x is increased by 25% whereas, y is decreased by 20%. So, x>y

6. If the price of petrol increases by 25% and Kevin intends to spend only an additional 15% on petrol,
then by what percentage must he reduce the quantity of petrol purchased?
a. 6.67% b. 10%
c. 8% d. None
Solution:
In the beginning,
Petrol price = 100%
 PERCENTAGES SI & CI

New petrol price = 125%

Expenditure = 100%
New expenditure = 115%
The actual cost Rs. 125 and the amount that can be afforded is Rs. 115.
= 115/125 * 100
Cost incurred = 92%
So, 8% has been reduced

𝐷𝑖𝑓𝑓𝑒𝑟𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑒
Purchase has to be reduced = ∗ 100
𝐵𝑎𝑠𝑒
The actual cost Rs. 125 and the amount that cannot be afforded is Rs. 10. (i.e., 125-115 = 10).
= 10/125 * 100 = 8%
The person has to reduce the purchase by 8%.
7. A vendor sells 60% of apples he had and throws away 15% of the remaining apples. Next day, he sells
50% of the remaining apples and throws away the rest. What % of the apples does the vendor throw
away?
a. 23 b. 17 c. 77 d. 29
Solution:
 PERCENTAGES SI & CI

8. In how many years will a sum double itself at 12.5% p.a. simple interest?
a. 4 b. 8 c. 10 d. 16
Solution:
Sum should double with 12.5% interest per annum.
Let P=100
P+I = 200
So, P has to become 2P with 12.5% interest
In 1 year = 12.5
In 8 years, 12.5*8=100
So it takes 8 years for the sum to double itself.

9. Divide Rs. 3000 into two parts such that, the simple interest on the first part for 4 years at 8% per
annum is equal to the simple interest on the second part for 2 years at 9% per annum.
a. 1000, 2000 b. 1280, 1720
c. 1160, 1840 d. 1080, 1920
Solution:
If the interest is calculated for more number of years then the amount should be low. In part 1 it is 8%
for 4 years so the amount should be less than second part. In 2nd part the amount should be higher
because the years are less. 8% for 4 years is similar to 32% for 1 year. And, 9% for 2 years is similar to
18% for 1 year.
They are in the ratio, 32 : 18
16 : 9
So the amount should be divided in reverse ratio because if the interest is high, then the amount should
be low. =>9: 16. Therefore, 3000/25 = 120 => 1 part = 120. So, the amount is divided as 9 * 120: 16 * 120
= 1080, 1920

10. Meena deposited a sum of Rs. 8000 in a bank paying simple interest. After one year, she withdraws
Rs. 2000. At the end of 3 years, she received Rs. 7800. Find the rate of interest, assuming that she never
collected her interests till then.
a. 9% b. 8% c. 10% d. 12%
Solution:
Before we solve this problem, let us understand an example to solve this problem better.
Assume, P=100, r= 10% and n=2 yrs.
To calculate SI, 10% (100) = 10 20%(100) = 20 10%(200) = 20
10% (100) = 10
20

So, we can either add the principal or the rate of interest according to the question. Here, since rate of
interest is not given we add the principal. First year she has deposited Rs. 8000 and at the end of 1st
year she withdraws Rs. 2000. So, principal is Rs. 6000 for 2nd and 3rd year.
At the end of 3rd year, Total Principal = 8000+6000+6000 = 20000
The amount with her is = Rs 2000+7800 = 9800
 PERCENTAGES SI & CI

She has deposited Rs 8000 and she gets Rs 9800. Therefore 1800 is the interest. So in 1 year if she
deposits 20000, she gets a interest of 1800.
A=20000 I =1800 % of interest =?
100% = 20000
1 % = 200
Therefore ----- % = 1800
9% = 200*9 = 1800
Therefore the rate of interest is 9%.