Legacy Girls’ College

End of First Term Examination Date: March, 2024

Subject: Physics Term 2 Year: 11 WS

PHYSICS

PAPER 1&2 Time: hours

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 Objective Test

1) The diagram shows two vectors X and Y

In which vector triangle does the vector Z show the magnitude and direction of
vector X – Y?

2) The components of vectors 𝑄 and 𝑅 are (−3.0, 5.5) and (9.2, 4.4) respectively.
Determine the components of 𝑄 + 𝑅.
A. (3.7, 7.4)
B. (6.2, 9.9)
C. (2.5, −4.8)
D. (14.7, 1.4)
3) A man weighing 200 𝑁 runs up a staircase in 5 𝑠. If the height of the staircase is 9 𝑚,
calculate the power of the man.
A. 1000 W
B. 360 W
C. 40 W
D. 1800 W

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4) A force of 10 𝑁, acting continuously, increases the kinetic energy of an object from 20 𝐽
to 60 𝐽. Find the distance moved by the object.
A. 200 m
B. 40 m
C. 4m
D. 400 m
5) The mass of an object is doubled while the force acting on it is halved. The resulting
acceleration of the object is
A. quartered.
B. halved.
C. doubled.
D. quadrupled.
6) Which of the following set of quantities have members which are all vectors?
A. Pressure, energy and force
B. Force, displacement and momentum
C. Distance, acceleration and work
D. Density, volume and weight
7) According to Pascal’s principle, the pressure in a fluid is always
A. dependent on density of the fluid.
B. distributed partially in all directions.
C. transmitted equally in all directions.
D. increasing with height.
8) A beaker is filled with a liquid to the brim. If the liquid is poured into another beaker that
is three times the size of the first beaker, the volume of the liquid will
A. decrease by 3.
B. increase by 3.
C. increase by 1/3
D. remain the same
9) An insect inside a moving bus flies from the back towards the front at a speed of 5 𝑚𝑠 −1 .
This is the velocity of the insect relative to the bus. If the bus is moving in a straight line
with a speed of 50 𝑚𝑠 −1 , determine the speed of the insect relative to a stationary
observer on the ground.
A. 5 𝑚𝑠 −1
B. 10 𝑚𝑠 −1
C. 45 𝑚𝑠 −1
D. 55 𝑚𝑠 −1

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10) The construction and operation of a hydrometer is based on the
A. principle of moment
B. Hooke’s law
C. Pascal’s principle
D. principle of floatation.
11) An object floats in a liquid of density 1.2 × 103 𝑘𝑔 𝑚−3 with one quarter of its volume
above the liquid surface. Determine the density of the object.
A. 300 𝑘𝑔 𝑚−3
B. 600 𝑘𝑔 𝑚−3
C. 900 𝑘𝑔 𝑚−3
D. 1200 𝑘𝑔 𝑚−3
12) An object is suspended from a spring balance on the Earth. The same object is suspended
from the same spring balance on another planet.

Which statement explains the difference between the two readings?

A. Both the mass and the weight of the object are greater on the other planet.
B. The mass of the object is greater on the other planet than on the Earth, but the
weight is unchanged.
C. The spring stretches more easily when on the other planet.
D. The weight of the object is greater on the other planet than on the Earth, but the
mass is unchanged.
13) Forces are applied to four identical objects. The length of each arrow indicates the
magnitude of the force. Which object is in equilibrium?

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14) A cyclist travels down a hill from rest at point X without pedalling. The cyclist applies
his brakes and the cycle stops at point Y.

A. gravitational potential → kinetic → internal (thermal)

B. gravitational potential → internal (thermal) → kinetic
C. kinetic → gravitational potential → internal (thermal)
D. kinetic → internal (thermal) → gravitational potential

15. Which energy resource is non-renewable?

A. geothermal
B. natural gas
C. solar
D. wind
16. When a diver swims down from the surface of the water to a depth of 10m, the pressure
experienced increases from 100000 𝑁𝑚−2 to 200000𝑁𝑚−2 .
Which statement explains this increase in pressure?
A. The density of the water increases with depth.
B. The gravitational field strength increases with depth.
C. The weight of water above the diver increases with depth.
D. Water cannot be compressed.
17. The diagram shows a wooden beam 𝑃𝑄 which is attached to a wall by a pivot at 𝑃 and
kept in a horizontal position by a vertical rope attached at 𝑄.
A box has been placed on the beam.

Which changes must reduce the tension in the rope at 𝑄?

A. Decrease the mass of the box and move it towards 𝑃.
B. Decrease the mass of the box and move it towards 𝑄.
C. Increase the mass of the box and move it towards 𝑃.
D. Increase the mass of the box and move it towards 𝑄.

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18. Why can a gas be compressed easily into a smaller volume?
A. The particles are far apart.
B. The particles do not attract each other.
C. The particles move randomly.
D. The volume of each particle can be reduced.
19. The water in a swimming pool exerts a pressure at the bottom of the pool.
Which graph shows the relationship between the pressure exerted by the water and the
depth of water in the pool? (Assume the density of water is constant.)

20) The diagram shows part of a micrometer screw gauge.

What is the smallest reading that can be achieved using this micrometer screw gauge?
A. 0.0001 mm
B. 0.01 mm
C. 0.1 mm
D. 1 mm
21) A runner runs 300 m at an average speed of 3.0 𝑚𝑠 −1 . She then runs another 300 m at an
average speed of 6.0 𝑚𝑠 −1 . What is her average speed for the total distance of 600 m?
A. 2.0 𝑚𝑠 −1
B. 4.0 𝑚𝑠 −1
C. 4.5 𝑚𝑠 −1
D. 8.0 𝑚𝑠 −1

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22) A helium balloon is tied to a top-pan balance. A metal block of mass 100 g is placed on
the balance. The reading on the balance is 91 g.

Which statement can be deduced from this experiment?

A. The balloon exerts a downward force of 0.09 𝑁 on the top-pan balance.
B. The helium has a mass of – 9 𝑔.
C. The helium has a mass of +9 𝑔.
D. The resultant downward force on the top-pan balance is 0.91𝑁.
23) A moving ball with a momentum of 25 kg m / s collides head-on with a wall.

What is the average force exerted on the wall by the ball during the collision?
A. 0.50 N
B. 1.00 N
C. 500 N
D. 1000 N
24) An object, initially at rest, is dropped from a height of 12.0𝑚. The change in
gravitational potential energy when it falls to the ground is 565 𝐽. The frictional forces
are negligible. What is its speed when it hits the ground?
A. 4.71 𝑚𝑠 −1
B. 15.5 𝑚𝑠 −1
C. 47.1 𝑚𝑠 −1
D. 240 𝑚𝑠 −1

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25) A manometer is used to measure the pressure of a gas supply.

Which change gives a greater value of height h?

A. using a less dense liquid
B. using a more dense liquid
C. using a narrower tube
D. using a wider tube
26) Diagram 1 shows apparatus being used to observe smoke particles.
Diagram 2 shows how a smoke particle moves randomly.

Why do the smoke particles move randomly?

A. They are hit by air molecules.
B. They are less dense than air.
C. They are moved by convection currents.
D. They gain energy from the light.
27) Two similar spheres, each of mass m and travelling with speed v, are moving towards
each other.

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 The spheres have a head-on elastic collision. Which statement is correct?
A. The spheres stick together on impact.
B. The total kinetic energy after impact is 𝑚𝑣 2 .
C. The total kinetic energy before impact is zero.
D. The total momentum before impact is 2𝑚𝑣.
28) Blocks P, Q, R and S are made from material of the same density. Block T is made from
a material of twice the density of the material of the other blocks. The cross-sectional
area and height of each of the blocks are shown.

Which two blocks exert the same pressure on the ground?

A. P and T
B. Q and R
C. Q and S
D. S and T
29) Two parallel forces, each of magnitude F, act on a rod of length 5d.
Which diagram shows the positions of the two forces that will produce the largest torque
on the rod?

30) A train of mass 3.3 × 106 𝑘𝑔 is moving at a constant speed up a slope inclined at an
angle of 0.64° to the horizontal. The engine of the train is producing a useful output
power of 14 MW. Assume that there are no frictional forces opposing the motion of the
train. What is the speed of the train?
A. 0.43 𝑚𝑠 –1 B. 4.2 𝑚𝑠 –1 C. 39 𝑚𝑠 –1 D. 380 𝑚𝑠 –1

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31) A cannon-ball of mass 3.50 kg is fired at a speed of 22.0 𝑚𝑠 –1 from a gun on a ship at a
height of 6.00 m above sea level.
The total energy of the cannon-ball is the sum of the gravitational potential energy
relative to the surface of the sea and the kinetic energy.
What is the total energy of the cannon-ball as it leaves the gun?
A. 206 J
B. 641 J
C. 847 J
D. 1050 J
32) An aircraft travels at a constant velocity of 90 𝑚𝑠 –1 in horizontal flight. The diagram
shows some of the forces acting on the aircraft.

The mass of the aircraft is 2000 kg. What is the power produced by the thrust force?
A. 1.8 × 105 𝑊
B. 2.2 × 105 𝑊
C. 1.8 × 106 𝑊
D. 2.0 × 106 𝑊
33) A 60 kg man stands on a weighing balance in an elevator. If the elevator accelerates
upwards at 5 𝑚𝑠 −2 , determine the reading of the scale.
A. 900 𝑁
B. 800 𝑁
C. 600 𝑁
D. 300 𝑁
34) The velocity of an object changes with time t as shown.

Which graph best shows the variation with time t of the displacement s of the object?

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35) The diagram shows a ball of weight W hanging in equilibrium from a string.

The string is at an angle 𝜃 to the vertical. The tension in the string is 𝑇. The ball is held
away from the wall by a horizontal force 𝑃 from a metal rod.
What is the relationship between the magnitudes of 𝑇, 𝑃 and 𝑊?
A. 𝑃 = 𝑇 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃 and 𝑊 = 𝑇 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃
B. 𝑇 = 𝑃 + 𝑊
C. 𝑇 2 = 𝑃2 + 𝑊 2
D. 𝑊 = 𝑃 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝜃 and 𝑊 = 𝑇 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃
36) A steel sphere is dropped vertically onto a horizontal metal plate. The sphere hits the
plate with speed 𝑢, leaves it at speed 𝑣, and rebounds vertically to half of its original
height. Ignore air resistance.
𝑣
Which expression gives the value of ?
𝑢
1
A.
22
1
B.
2
1
C.
√2

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 1
D. 1−
√2
37) A car of mass 500kg is at rest at point 𝑋 on a slope, as shown.
The car’s brakes are released and the car rolls down the slope with its engine switched
off. At point 𝑌 the car has moved through a vertical height of 30 𝑚 and has a speed of
11 𝑚𝑠 –1 .

What is the energy dissipated by frictional forces when the car moves from X to Y?
A. 3.0 × 104 𝐽
B. 1.2 × 105 𝐽
C. 1.5 × 105 𝐽
D. 1.8 × 105 𝐽
38) A football is kicked at an angle of 45° to the horizontal over a distance line up with a
velocity of 15 𝑚𝑠 −1 . Calculate the magnitude of the horizontal velocity of the ball at its
highest point. [Neglect friction, 𝑔 = 10 𝑚𝑠 −2 ]
A. 0.0 𝑚𝑠 −1
B. 5.6 𝑚𝑠 −1
C. 10.6 𝑚𝑠 −1
D. 15.0 𝑚𝑠 −1
39) The graph shows the length of a spring as it is stretched by an increasing load.

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 What is the spring constant of the spring?
A. 0.080 𝑁𝑚–1
B. 0.13 𝑁𝑚–1
C. 2.7 𝑁𝑚–1
D. 8.0 𝑁𝑚–1
40. A body, initially at rest, explodes into two masses 𝑀1 and 𝑀2 that move apart with
𝑣
speeds 𝑣1 and 𝑣2 respectively. What is the ratio 1 ?
𝑣2
𝑀1
A. 𝑀2
𝑀2
B. 𝑀1
𝑀 0.5
C. �𝑀1 �
2
𝑀2 0.5
D. �𝑀 �
1

41. The tension in a spring of natural length 𝑙0 is first increased from zero to 𝑇1 , causing the
length to increase to 𝑙1 . The tension is then reduced to 𝑇2 , causing the length to decrease
to 𝑙2 (as shown).

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 Which area of the graph represents the work done by the spring during this reduction in
length?
A. MLP
B. MNQP
C. MNSR
D. MPLU
42) A wire is stretched by 8 𝑚𝑚 when a load of 60 𝑁 is applied.
What will be the extension of a wire of the same material having four times the cross-
sectional area and twice the original length, when the same load is applied?
A. 2 𝑚𝑚
B. 4 𝑚𝑚
C. 8 𝑚𝑚
D. 16 𝑚𝑚
43) Which of the following correctly defines the terms stress, strain and Young modulus?

44) A lead ball of mass 0.45 𝑘𝑔 is swung round on the end of a string so that the ball moves
in a horizontal circle of radius 1.3 𝑚. The ball travels at a constant speed of 7.2 𝑚𝑠 −1 .
Calculate the time taken for the string to turn through an angle of 190°.
A. 34.3 𝑠
B. 26.4 𝑠
C. 0.60 𝑠
D. 0.18 𝑠
45) A plane inclined at 30° to the horizontal is used to load a drum of oil weighing 700 𝑁
onto a cargo truck 2 𝑚 high. If the system provides 75% efficiency, calculate its
mechanical advantage.
A. 525

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 B. 9.3
C. 1.5
D. 1.3
46) A body in circular motion experiences a force which is
A. directed towards a fixed point.
B. proportional to the velocity.
C. proportional to the radius of the circular path.
D. proportional to the square of the radius of the path.
47) A ball of mass 500 𝑔 attached to a light inextensible string is whirled around at a
constant speed of 8 𝑚𝑠 −1 . If the tension necessary to maintain the body in circular
motion is 80.0 𝑁, calculate the length of the string.
A. 0.50 m
B. 0.40 m
C. 0.05 m
D. 0.04 m
48) The statement that strain is directly proportional to stress during elastic deformation is
known as
A. Young’s modulus.
B. yield point.
C. plasticity.
D. Hooke’s law.
49) A cone, placed on its apex may topple over when its weight
A. becomes too heavy.
B. provides a moment about the apex.
C. is greater than the reaction force.
D. acts vertically downards.

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50) A diver steps off a diving platform that is 10 m above the water. If there is no air
resistance during the fall, there will be a decrease in the diver’s
A. gravitational potential energy.
B. total mechanical energy.
C. kinetic energy.
D. momentum.

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 PHYSICS MARKING SCHEME
Objective Test
1. B 19. C 37. B

2. B 20. B 38. C

3. B 21. B 39. D

4. C 22. D 40. B

5. A 23. 41. B

6. B 24. B 42. B

7. C 25. A 43. C

8. D 26. A 44. C

9. D 27. B 45. C

10. D 28. D 46. A

11. C 29. D 47. B

12. D 30. C 48. D

13. B 31. D 49. B

14. A 32. B 50. A

15. B 33. A

16. C 34. A

17. A 35. C

18. A 36. C

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 Theory Test
Part I
[Answer all in this section]
1) (a) Define what the moment of a force is. [2 marks]
(b) A ruler of length 0.30 𝑚 is pivoted at its centre. Equal and opposite forces of
magnitude 2.0 𝑁 are applied to the ends of the ruler, creating a couple as shown.

Calculate the resultant torque of the couple and state if the system is in static
equilibrium or not.
[3 marks]
Answer
(a) The moment of a force about a point is defined as the product of the force about the point
and the perpendicular distance from the same point to the line of action of the force.
(1 mark for same or equivalent definition. Subtract half mark where the underlined is
omitted)

𝑀𝑜𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑜𝑓 𝑎 𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑐𝑒 = 𝐹𝑜𝑟𝑐𝑒 × 𝑑𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑒 (𝑩𝟏 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑐𝑜𝑟𝑟𝑒𝑐𝑡 𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑚𝑢𝑙𝑎)

(b) Resultant torque = 2.0 sin 50° × 0.30 𝑴𝟏

≈ 0.5 𝑁𝑚 𝑨𝟏
The system is NOT in a static equilibrium 𝑩𝟏
(3 marks for correct alternative solution)

2) (a) Define the relative density of a substance. [2 marks]

(b) A hydrometer with a uniform cross-sectional area floats in a liquid of density
0.80 𝑔𝑐𝑚−3 . If the hydrometer weighs 100 𝑔 and has 12.0 𝑐𝑚 of its length
below the liquid surface, calculate the cross-sectional area of the hydrometer.
[3 marks]

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 Answer
(a) The relative density (𝑅. 𝐷) of a substance is defined as the ratio of the density 𝜌𝑠 of the
substance to the density 𝜌𝑚 of its reference material.
(1 mark for same definition of equivalent. Subtract half mark if the underlined is something else)
𝜌
𝑅. 𝐷. = 𝜌 𝑠 𝑩𝟏
𝑚

(b) Density of liquid, 𝜌𝑙 = 0.80 𝑔 𝑐𝑚−3 ; Volume of hydrometer, 𝑉 = 𝐴𝑙 = 12𝐴

Mass of hydrometer, 𝑚𝑠 = 100𝑔;

Volume of liquid displaced = volume of part of hydrometer in liquid

𝑉𝑙 = 12𝐴

From the law of floatation: Weight of hydrometer = weight of liquid displaced

𝑚𝑠 𝑔 = 𝜌𝑙 𝑉𝑙 𝑔 𝑩𝟏

𝑚𝑠 = 𝜌𝑙 𝑣𝑙

100 = 0.80 × 12𝐴 𝑴𝟏

100
The cross-sectional area of the hydrometer, 𝐴 = = 10.4 𝑐𝑚2 𝑨𝟏
0.80×12

3) A body is projected vertically upwards with a speed of 10 𝑚𝑠 −1 from a point 2 𝑚 above

the ground. Calculate the total time taken for the body to reach the ground.
(𝑔 = 10 𝑚𝑠 −2 ) [5 marks]

Answer
−1
Initial speed, 𝑢 = 10 𝑚𝑠 ; Distance travelled downwards, 𝑠 = −2 𝑚;
Total time to go up and reach the ground, 𝑡 =?
1
𝑠 = 𝑢𝑡 + 𝑎𝑡 2 𝑩𝟏
2
1
−2 = 10𝑡 + (−10)𝑡 2 𝑴𝟏
2
−4 = 20𝑡 − 10𝑡 2
10𝑡 2 − 20𝑡 − 4 = 0
5𝑡 2 − 10𝑡 − 2 = 0 𝑴𝟏
−(−10)±�(−10) 2 −4(5)(−2)
𝑡= 𝑴𝟏
2(5)
𝑡 = 2.18 𝑠 𝑨𝟏
[𝟓 𝒎𝒂𝒓𝒌𝒔 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑐𝑜𝑟𝑟𝑒𝑐𝑡 𝑎𝑙𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑛𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑣𝑒 𝑚𝑒𝑡ℎ𝑜𝑑]
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4) (a) Explain why a particle moving in a circle with a uniform speed is accelerating.
[2 marks]
(b) The diagram below shows a ball of mass 160 𝑔, which is fixed to the end of a
light string of length 35 𝑐𝑚, is released from rest at 𝑋. It swings in a circular path,
passing through the lowest point 𝑌 at speed 𝑣.

Calculate the centripetal force acting on the mass. (𝑔 = 10 𝑚𝑠 −2 ) [3 marks]

Answer
(a) A particle moving in a circle with a uniform speed is accelerating because it
keeps changing the direction of its speed. The direction of its acceleration is towards the
centre of its circular path. The continuous change in direction is caused by the centripetal
force it experiences. (2 marks for correct explanation with underlined keywords)

(b) Mass of the ball, 𝑚 = 160𝑔 = 0.16 𝑘𝑔; height, ℎ = 35 𝑐𝑚 = 0.35 𝑚

−2
Acceleration due to gravity, 𝑔 = 10 𝑚𝑠 ;
Using conservation 𝑃. 𝐸 𝑎𝑡 𝑋 = 𝐾. 𝐸 𝑎𝑡 𝑌
1
𝑚𝑔ℎ = 𝑚𝑣 2 B1
2
2𝑚𝑔ℎ 𝑚𝑣 2
=
𝑟 𝑟
2(0.16)(10)(0.35)
0.35
= 𝑐𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑟𝑖𝑝𝑒𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑐𝑒 M1
⇒ 𝑐𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑟𝑖𝑝𝑒𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑐𝑒 = 3.2 𝑁 A1

5) A student weighing 550 𝑁 stands on a spring scale in a 950 − 𝑘𝑔 elevator (including the
person). Just as the elevator starts moving, the scale reads the student’s weight as 517 𝑁.
(a) What is the magnitude and direction of the elevator’s acceleration?
(b) Find the acceleration if the scale reads 572 𝑁?
Answer
(a) mass of student = 55 𝑘𝑔 𝑚𝑎 = 𝑅 − 𝑚𝑔 B1
55𝑎 = 517 − 550 M1
⇒ 𝐴𝑐𝑐𝑒𝑙𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛, 𝑎 = −0.6 𝑢𝑝𝑤𝑎𝑟𝑑 A1(half each for value and direction)
Hence, decelerating with 0.6 𝑚𝑠 −2 moving upwards

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 Alternatively
Since the weight 550 𝑁 is greater than the reaction force, the scale reading 517 𝑁, then
the system could also be accelerating moving downwards
⇒ 𝑚𝑎 = 𝑚𝑔 − 𝑅 55𝑎 = 550 − 517
33
𝑎=
55
−2
𝑎 = 0.6 𝑚𝑠 downwards
Accelerating, moving downwards

𝑅−𝑚𝑔 570−550
(b) The acceleration, 𝑎 = = M1
𝑚 55
𝑎 = 0.36 𝑢𝑝𝑤𝑎𝑟𝑑 𝑨𝟏

Part II
Answer any two questions from this part
6) (a) Classify the following forces as either contact or field forces: push, tension;
gravitational; reaction; electrostatic; and magnetic. [3 marks]
(b) (i) Write down the equation that shows the relation between the angular
velocity 𝜔 and linear velocity 𝑣 of a body moving in a circle of radius 𝑟.
[1 mark]
(ii) Define angular acceleration. [2 marks]
(iii) A body makes six complete revolutions in 4.0 𝑠. If it moves in a circle of
radius 25.0 𝑐𝑚, calculate
𝛼) the linear velocity [2 marks]
𝛽) the angular velocity [ 2 marks]

Answer
(a) 𝐶𝑜𝑛𝑡𝑎𝑐𝑡 𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑐𝑒𝑠: push, tension and reaction (1.5 marks, minus half mark for each error)
𝑁𝑜𝑛 − 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑡𝑎𝑐𝑡 𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑐𝑒𝑠: gravitational, electrostatic and magnetic (1.5 marks, minus
half mark for each error)
(b) (i) 𝑣 = 𝜔𝑟 𝑩𝟏
(ii) 𝐴𝑛𝑔𝑢𝑙𝑎𝑟 𝑎𝑐𝑐𝑒𝑙𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛, 𝛼 is the time rate of change of the angular velocity 𝜔 of
∆𝜔
a body rotating about its own axis. 𝛼 =
∆𝑡
(1 mark for definition 1 mark for correct formula)
2𝜋
(iii) (𝛼) 𝑟 = 25.0 𝑐𝑚 = 0.25 𝑚 𝑡 = 4.0𝑠 𝜃 = 6 𝑟𝑒𝑣 × = 12𝜋 𝑟𝑎𝑑
1𝑟𝑒𝑣
𝑠 6(2𝜋𝑟) 12𝜋×0.25
𝑣= = = 𝑴𝟏
𝑡 𝑡 4.0
−1
𝑣 = 2.4 𝑚𝑠 A1
𝜃 12𝜋
(𝛽) Angular velocity, 𝜔= = M1
𝑡 4.0
𝜔 = 9.4 𝑟𝑎𝑑𝑠 −1 𝑨𝟏

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7) (a) Define the following terms as applied to a simple machine
(i) mechanical advantage; [2 marks]
(ii) velocity ratio; [2 marks]
(iii) efficiency. [2 marks]
(b) What effect does friction have on each of the above terms? [3 marks]
(c) (i) What is kinetic energy of a body? [2 marks]
(ii) A stone weighing 3.0 kg falls from the top of a building, which is 25.0 m
high. Calculate
𝛼) the potential energy of the stone at the start of the fall; [2 marks]
𝛽) the velocity half way through its fall and hence the kinetic energy
at that point. (𝑔 = 10 𝑚𝑠 −2 ). [2 marks]

Answer
(a) Mechanical advantage (𝑀. 𝐴. ) is the magnitude ratio of the load (𝐿) overcome by a
simple machine to the effort (𝐸) applied to the machine. (1 mark for correct
definition).
𝐿
𝑀. 𝐴. = (1 mark for correct formula)
𝐸
Velocity ratio (𝑉. 𝑅. ) of a simple machine is defined as the ratio of the distance (𝑒)
traveled by the effort applied to the distance traveled by the load (𝑙) overcome.
(1 mark for correct
definition)
𝑒
𝑉. 𝑅. = (1 mark for correct formula)
𝑙
The efficiency (𝜖) of a simple machine is defined as the ratio of the mechanical
advantage to the velocity ratio of the simple machine express as a percentage
𝑀. 𝐴.
𝜖= × 100%
𝑉. 𝑅.
(1 mark for correct definition and 1 mark for correct formula)
(b) Friction reduces the mechanical advantage of a simple machine (1 mark)
Friction does not affect velocity ratio of a simple machine (1 mark)
Friction reduces the efficiency of a simple machine (1 mark)
(c) (i) The kinetic energy of a body is the energy possessed by the body by virtue of
being in motion. The kinetic energy (𝐾. 𝐸. ) of a body of mass 𝑚 travelling at a speed of
1
𝑣 is calculated as follows: 𝐾. 𝐸. = 𝑚𝑣 2
2
(1 mark for correct definition and 1 mark for correct formula)
(ii) mass 𝑚 = 3.0 𝑘𝑔 height, ℎ = 25 𝑚
(𝛼) The potential energy at the start of fall, (𝑃. 𝐸 ) = 𝑚𝑔ℎ
𝑃. 𝐸. = 3.0 × 10 × 25.0 𝑴𝟏
𝑃. 𝐸. = 750 𝐽 𝑨𝟏

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 (𝛽) At half way the height, the potential energy lost is equals to the kinetic
enery gained at that particular height. Hence,
1 1
𝑚𝑔ℎ − 𝑚𝑔 � ℎ� = 𝑚𝑣 2 − 0
2 2
1 1 2
𝑚𝑔ℎ = 𝑚𝑣 𝑩𝟎. 𝟓
2 2
⇒ 𝑣 = �𝑔ℎ
𝑣 = √10 × 25.0
𝑣 = 15.8 𝑚𝑠 −1 𝑨𝟎. 𝟓
The kinetic energy gained = 0.5 × 750 𝑴𝟎. 𝟓
= 375 𝐽 𝑨𝟎. 𝟓

8) (a) In an experiment to determine the elastic constant of a spiral spring, a graph of

force in newtons is plotted on the vertical axis against tension, 𝑒, in metres on
the horizontal axis.
(i) Sketch the graph. [2 marks]
(ii) Explain how to determine the elastic constant of the spring. [1 mark]
(iii) What quantity does the area under the graph represent and write the
formula? [2 marks]
(b) A spiral spring of natural length 20.00 𝑐𝑚 has a scale pan hanging on its lower
end while the other end is fixed firmly to a support. When an object of mass 50 𝑔
is placed in the pan, the length of the spring becomes 22.00 𝑐𝑚. When another
object of mass 70 𝑔 is placed in the pan the length becomes 22.25 𝑐𝑚. Calculate
the mass of the scale pan. (𝑔 = 10 𝑚𝑠 −2 ) [5 marks]

Answer
(a) (i)

(1 mark for correct straight line segment from origin and 1 mark for correct labelling)
(ii) The slope of the above graph gives the elastic constant (1 mark)
(iii) The area under the straight line graph above gives the elastic potential energy or
work done on the spring. (1 mark)
1 1
𝑊𝑜𝑟𝑘 𝑑𝑜𝑛𝑒 = 𝑒𝐹 = 𝑘𝑒 2 (1 mark)
2 2
(b) Natural length, 𝑙0 = 20 𝑐𝑚 = 0.2 𝑚; Let mass of the pan be 𝑚

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 𝑚1 = 50 𝑔 = 0.05 𝑘𝑔 𝑙1 = 22.0 𝑐𝑚 = 0.22 𝑚 𝑒1 = 0.22 − 0.2 = 0.02 𝑚
𝑚2 = 70 𝑔 = 0.07 𝑘𝑔 𝑙2 = 22.25 𝑐𝑚 = 0.2225 𝑚 𝑒2 = 0.2225 − 0.2 = 0.0225 𝑚
𝐿𝑜𝑎𝑑
The elastic constant, 𝑘 = 𝑩𝟏
𝐸𝑥𝑡𝑒𝑛𝑠𝑖𝑜𝑛
(𝑚+0.05)𝑔 (𝑚+0.07)𝑔
= 𝑴𝟏
0.02 0.0225
⇒ (𝑚 + 0.05)(0.0225) = (𝑚 + 0.07)(0.02)
0.0225𝑚 + 0.001125 = 0.02𝑚 + 0.0014 𝑴𝟏
0.0225𝑚 − 0.02𝑚 = 0.0014 − 0.001125
0.0025𝑚 = 0.000275 𝑴𝟏
0.000275
𝑚=
0.0025
The mass of the scale pan, 𝑚 = 0.11𝑘𝑔 = 110 𝑔 𝑨𝟏

Alternatively
𝐿𝑜𝑎𝑑 𝑚1 𝑔 𝑚2 𝑔
The elastic constant, 𝑘 = = = 𝑩𝟏
𝐸𝑥𝑡𝑒𝑛𝑠𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑒1 𝑒2
𝑚1 𝑚2
⇒ =
𝑒1 𝑚2
(𝑚+50) (𝑚+70)
= 𝑴𝟏
2 2.25
⇒ 2.25𝑚 + 112.5 = 2𝑚 + 140 𝑴𝟏
0.25𝑚 = 27.5 𝑴𝟏
The mass of the pan, 𝑚 = 110 𝑔 𝑨𝟏

9) (a) A body starts from rest and travels in a straight line for 2 seconds with uniform
acceleration of 1 𝑚𝑠 −2 . It then travels at a constant speed for some time before coming to
rest with a uniform retardation of 2 𝑚𝑠 −2 . The total distance covered by it is 15 𝑚.
(i) Draw and label a velocity-time graph for the motion. [2 marks]
(ii) Calculate the:
(𝛼) velocity attained after the first 2 seconds; [2 marks]
(𝛽 ) total time taken for journey. [4 marks]
(b) An inclined plane is used to raise a box 25.0 𝑘𝑔 to the top of the plane by an
effort of 180 𝑁. Assuming the plane is 60% is efficient, calculate the:
(i) mechanical advantage; [2 marks]
(ii) velocity ratio; [2 marks]
(iii) angle the plane makes with the horizontal. [3 marks]
(𝑔 = 10 𝑚𝑠 −2 )

Answer
(a) During the acceleration, 𝑢 = 0; 𝑡 = 2 𝑠; 𝑎 = 1 𝑚𝑠 −2
⇒The final velocity, 𝑣 = 𝑢 + 𝑎𝑡 = 0 + (1)(2) = 2 𝑚𝑠 −1 𝑴𝟏 𝑨𝟏

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 During the constant motion, 𝑣 = 2 𝑚𝑠 −1 , 𝑡𝑖𝑚𝑒 = 𝑡
During the deceleration, 𝑎 = −2 𝑚𝑠 −2 ; 𝑢 = 2 𝑚𝑠 −1 ; 𝑣 = 0
𝑣−𝑢 0−2
The time duration for the deceleration, 𝑡 = = =1𝑠
𝑎 −2

(1 mark for correct shape and data points; 1 mark correct axes labels)
The total distance covered is 15 𝑚 which is equal to the area under the velocity-time
graph
1
(𝑡 + 𝑡 + 3)(2) = 15 𝑴𝟏
2
2𝑡 + 3 = 15
2𝑡 = 12
𝑡 =6𝑠 𝑨𝟏
The total time for the whole journey = 𝑡 + 3 = 6 + 3 𝑴𝟏
= 9 𝑠 𝑨𝟏
(b) mass, 𝑚 = 25.0 𝑘𝑔 ⇒ 𝐿𝑜𝑎𝑑, 𝐿 = 𝑚𝑔 = 250 𝑁; Effort, 𝐸 = 180 𝑁
Efficient, 𝜖 = 60 %
𝐿 250
(i) Mechanical advantage, 𝑀. 𝐴. = = = 1.4 𝑴𝟏 𝑨𝟏
𝐸 180
𝑀.𝐴. 1.40
(ii) Velocity ratio, 𝑉. 𝑅. = = = 2.3 𝑴𝟏 𝑨𝟏
𝜖 0.60
1
(iii) 𝑉. 𝑅. = 𝑩𝟏
sin 𝜃
1
⇒ 𝜃 = sin−1 � �
𝑉.𝑅.
1
𝜃 = sin−1 � � 𝑴𝟏
2.3
25° ≤ 𝜃 ≤ 26° 𝑨𝟏

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