CORE BIOLOGY

The excretory system

NAME OF TEACHER
Mr. Kofi M. Nkansah
CLASS
Wassce Year 2
LEGACY GIRLS COLLEGE Make Your Mark, Leave a Legacy 04/04/2024 1
 Objectives

At the end of the lesson, the student should be able to:

• Explain the term excretion .
• Describe the structure and functions of the lungs.

LEGACY GIRLS COLLEGE Make Your Mark, Leave a Legacy 04/04/2024 2

 Introduction

• Metabolic processes produce useful as well as

harmful products. The harmful products are
removed from the cells and eliminated from
the body.

LEGACY GIRLS COLLEGE Make Your Mark, Leave a Legacy 04/04/2024 3

 Excretion

• The process by which metabolic waste

products or substances are removed from the
body or cells of living organisms.

LEGACY GIRLS COLLEGE Make Your Mark, Leave a Legacy 04/04/2024 4

 Egestion

• The removal or discharge of the waste

products of digestion through the anus.
Egested products do not come from the cells
but from the digestive tract/alimentary canal.

LEGACY GIRLS COLLEGE Make Your Mark, Leave a Legacy 04/04/2024 5

 Differences b/n excretion and egestion
EXCRETION EGESTION

Waste substances are removed from Waste food substances are removed
the cells and tissues. from the digestive system.

Waste substances are removed Undigested food substances are

through lungs, skin, kidneys and liver. removed through the anus.

Excretory products include carbon Egested products are faeces and water.
dioxide, bile pigments, sweat and
urine.
LEGACY GIRLS COLLEGE Make Your Mark, Leave a Legacy 04/04/2024 6
 Excretory organs in mammals

• Animals, unlike plants, have special organs for

excretion. These organs together with their
structures form the excretory system.
Mammals have four main excretory organs
namely lungs, liver, skin and kidney.
LEGACY GIRLS COLLEGE Make Your Mark, Leave a Legacy 04/04/2024 7
 Excretory organs
ORGAN EXCRETORY PRODUCT

Lungs Carbon dioxide and water

Liver Bile pigment (cholesterol and urea)

Kidneys Urine (water, mineral salts, urea,

uric acid, nitrogenous cpds)
Skin Sweat (water, mineral salts, urea)

LEGACY GIRLS COLLEGE Make Your Mark, Leave a Legacy 04/04/2024 8

 THE LUNGS

LEGACY GIRLS COLLEGE Make Your Mark, Leave a Legacy 04/04/2024 9

 THE LUNGS - STRUCTURE

• The lungs are a pair of spongy, air-filled

organs located on either side of the chest
(thorax). The trachea (windpipe) protrude
the lungs forming tubular branches, called
bronchi.
LEGACY GIRLS COLLEGE Make Your Mark, Leave a Legacy 04/04/2024 10
 THE LUNGS - STRUCTURE

• The bronchi then divide into smaller and

smaller branches called bronchioles which lead
to air sacs called alveoli. The alveoli are
surrounded by blood capillaries

LEGACY GIRLS COLLEGE Make Your Mark, Leave a Legacy 04/04/2024 11

 Functions of lungs

• It is responsible for gaseous exchange(intake

of oxygen and output of carbon dioxide and
water vapor).
• Excretion of carbon dioxide and water vapor.

LEGACY GIRLS COLLEGE Make Your Mark, Leave a Legacy 04/04/2024 12

 LIVER

• Liver excretes bile pigment( cholesterol and urea).

• There are two types of cholesterol: good and bad
cholesterol. Good cholesterol is absorbed directly into the
blood stream but bad cholesterol is not absorbed by the
blood stream.

LEGACY GIRLS COLLEGE Make Your Mark, Leave a Legacy 04/04/2024 13

 LIVER
The liver excretes bad cholesterol. The liver first breaks
down bad cholesterol into bile. Bile passes through the bile
ducts and it is stored in the gall bladder. It then passes
through the bile duct into the duodenum. It is broken
down further and finally excreted from the body.

LEGACY GIRLS COLLEGE Make Your Mark, Leave a Legacy 04/04/2024 14

 Summary

Excretory system deals with the process by

which waste metabolic products or substances
are removed from the body or cells of living
organisms.

LEGACY GIRLS COLLEGE Make Your Mark, Leave a Legacy 04/04/2024 15

 Summary

Mammals have four main excretory organs namely

Lungs
Liver
Skin
kidney
LEGACY GIRLS COLLEGE Make Your Mark, Leave a Legacy 04/04/2024 16