Popularity of Thriller Movies among youth

(A study in the context of Indian and Western Cinema)

RESEARCH REPORT

Submitted in partial fulfillment for the requirement of the degree of

Bachelor of Arts (Journalism & Mass Communication)

By

NISHITA SAINI
Enrollment No. 02514202418
Student of BA (JMC) 2018-2021

Department of Media & Communication Studies

JAGANNATH INTERNATIONAL MANAGEMENT SCHOOL

VASANT KUNJ, NEW DELHI

To

GURU GOBIND SINGH INDRAPRASTHA UNIVERSITY

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 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

I would take this opportunity to show my gratitude to people who directly or indirectly
contributed in the development of this project and being very supportive throughout my
research project. I am highly indebted to Guru Gobind Singh Indraprastha University
and my college Jagannath International Management School for creating such an
opportunity to gain knowledge of research and its aspects.
I am thankful to Dr. Ravi Kumar Dhar , Director, Jagannath International Management
School and Dr. Neeru Johri , Head of Department, Media and Communication Studies
for giving me an opportunity to enhance my skills and work towards them. They have
always been there to guide and help me and have provided ample opportunities to
grow.

I extend my gratitude to Dr. Sunny Gupta , our Assistant Professor, under whom I was
working, to make us familiar with the practical aspects and uses of theoretical
knowledge. Also for being an exceptional mentor, guiding through all the work assigned.
It is because of his support and guidance that I have successfully completed my
research project.

I would also like to take this opportunity to thank my parents for the continuous
support throughout the course of media research journey.

Nishita Saini
BA (JMC)- Vth Semester (Morning)
Enrollment No. : 02514202418

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 CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that Nishita Saini, enrollment number 02514202418, a student of

Bachelors of Arts (Journalism & Mass Communication), Jagannath International
Management School, Vasant Kunj has completed his research project titled “
Popularity of thriller movies among youth (A study in the context of Indian and Western
Cinema)” during 5th semester under the supervision and guidance of Dr. Sunny Gupta,
Assistant Professor.

The work is genuine and appreciable. I wish him good luck for all her future endeavors.

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Dr. Sunny Gupta
Assistant Professor
(Project Supervisor)

TABLE OF CONTENTS

TITLE PAGE NO.

o Acknowledgement i
o Certificate ii

CHAPTER 1 5 - 15

Introduction
1.1Background
1.1.1. Features of Indian Cinema
1.1.2. Features of Western Cinema
1.1.3. Thriller Movies

1.1.4. Types of Thrillers

1.1.5. Elements of thriller movies

1.2 Hypothesis of the study

1.3 Objectives of the study
1.4 Research Design & Methodology
1.5 Significance of the study

CHAPTER 2 16 - 19
Review Of Literature

CHAPTER 3 20 - 40
Data Analysis & Interpretation

CHAPTER 4 41 - 43
Conclusion

CHAPTER 5 44

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Limitations and Suggestions

CHAPTER 6 45 - 46
Bibliography

CHAPTER 7 47 - 58
Appendices

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 CHAPTER 1
INTRODUCTION

BACKGROUND
Cinema are the mirrors of the soul of a society. From a humble beginning, the cinema has now
become an alternate universe in itself. The rush of the people thronging at the cinema halls and
multiplexes every Friday and weekend is a clear evidence for the same. Thus, cinema is arguably
one of the most impactful sectors in modern society. Sitcoms make us laugh, psychological
thrillers help us see the world from an improved perspective, and historical films help us
understand where we’ve come from as a person. Every video and every film reflects society and
transforms opinions and there is no question that watching films can help us escape our everyday
lives.

Cinema in India is a passion. There is no other country in the world where popular cinema
thrives to such an extent as in India. Almost every second lamp post or wall carries a poster of
some upcoming movie and they come a lot be it British or an American, every time someone
hears the name India the first thing that comes to their mind is Bollywood. Back in the days, that
is how others knew Indian cinema to be, plain Bollywood. But, in the new age, Indian cinema
has evolved out of its cocoon and has ventured into various other phenomenal regions.

Now when it comes to the cinema in West, the first thought that comes to mind is great visual
effects. The western side of the cinema world has evolved digitally in such a huge manner that
more than content, screenplay and visual effects are kept in mind. It is the norm to not have any
outrageous dance numbers like Indian Cinema but the background tracks are quite eventful to the
scenes being played out. Maybe, it is because of the subtlety of these background tracks that
gives it such an effect.

There is a perpetual debate on Indian cinema versus Western cinema. The differences are stark
and the facts are clear. While western cinema titillates the adventurous human spirit, Indian
movies are more on the emotional side of human nature. Indian cinema is known for its musicals
and melodramas. Songs constitute an indispensable part of any Indian movie contributing to

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almost 20% of the narrative. In addition to the ticket sales, songs are another major source of
revenue for Indian movies, while Hollywood cashes its popularity through video games,
magazines, merchandise and many other sources.

FEATURES OF INDIAN CINEMA :

● Bollywood movies are usually 3 hours long with the need to have intervals about half
way through the movie to keep their audiences engaged with the story. Indian filmmakers
believe that with a longer movie, the audiences will immerse themselves in the story and
can better relate to characters
.
● They are known for their over-the-top costumes, makeup and neon colors, especially
women. Women in Bollywood movies are impeccably dressed in traditional saris, heavy
jewelry, and copious amounts makeup.

● The movies have repetitive storyline which revolves around the protagonist and his lady
love fighting all odds to marry and after a lot of dancing, fighting, and crying, they are
finally united. This type of story line has been used time and again and it is endearing to
see it in all different forms and scenarios as it shows that love conquers all.

● Bollywood movies are incomplete without songs and dancing. Indian filmmakers use
music and dance to spice up their movies as well as a way for audiences to remember a
movie. Some compositions are so memorable that they get stuck in the mind of viewers
for a long period of time.

FEATURES OF WESTERN CINEMA:

● Hollywood movies has a huge subject variety. It is hard to find such Hollywood movies
which have similar subject. Every movie comes with different story and concept.

● Hollywood movies comes with the best graphics in the world. They have very expert
team members in the graphics which makes the effects and visuals look real. Not just the
graphics but the sound effects play a major role too. The perfect background sound

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 effects enhance the impact of the scene even more. They use the sound effects very
wisely whether they are horror, action or drama movies.

● Unlike other film industries where the movie gets out of track from its real concept,
Hollywood movies remain stick to it completely from start to end. If the movie is based
on the concept of music then you will find everything (story, concept, script, and songs)
related to music only.

● Hollywood movies are made with huge budget which let them choose better location, star
cast and better audio/visual effects for their movies.

THRILLER MOVIES:

A thriller is a genre of literature, film, and television whose primary feature is that it induces
strong feelings of excitement, anxiety, tension, suspense, fear, and other similar emotions in its
readers or viewers—in other words, media that thrills the audience.
Thriller movies have the element of keeping the audience to the edge of their seats as the plot
builds towards its climax. An aspect to hold that climax is to cover up the important information.
In thrillers, components like plot twists, unreliable narrators and cliffhangers are used
extensively. It is a often a villain driven plot, whereby they present obstacles which the
protagonist must overcome. Successful examples of thrillers are the films by Alfred Hitchcock.

TYPES OF THRILLERS:

There are a seemingly endless number of types of thrillers, as they can be combined with nearly
any type of conflict to produce emotions that thrill the audience. Below are the most prevalent
types of thrillers:

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a) Psychological Thriller: Thrillers that focus on characters that have extreme
psychological disorders, such as psychopaths and people with split personalities. These
disorders accordingly cause serious personal issues that eventually lead to conflicts with
strangers and other characters. Sometimes, the main character is a psychopath that serves
as both the protagonist and the antagonist.

b) Crime Thriller : Thrillers that have crime and justice as their primary focuses, usually
with topics like murder, kidnapping, drugs, robbery, mistaken identity, etc. Usually the
main character is a person who is fighting for justice, like a cop, lawyer, special agent, or
even superhero

c) Mystery Thriller : A thriller that begins with a mystery that needs to be solved, typically
with negative consequences at stake. Suspense and tension build as the audience gets
closer and closer to learning the answer to the mystery.

ELEMENTS OF THRILLER MOVIES :

In the world of cinema, there are often blurred lines between the genres of mystery, crime
and thriller. While they certainly overlap in many areas, there are distinct differences: in a
mystery there are puzzles to solve, and in a crime there is a crime to solve. A thriller, on
the other hand, generally involves knowing that a crime is going to be committed, and the
film details the prevention of it happening. There are no commandments that suggest
what a thriller movie should have but there are different elements which makes a movie
thriller for the viewers. Those elements are :

● A good story

First and foremost, there has to be a strong sense of “dread” in any thriller. This is
usually accomplished through the quest to prevent disaster from striking. There
should be a high-concept plot with a shocking climax; the reader won’t get this
through a story about someone who is trying to “find themselves”, but will if it’s
about saving a person/a nation/the planet. Every scene should contain conflict and
tension of some kind.

● An action-packed opening chapter

The introduction of a good thriller always sets the pace for the rest of the film. It
should be tense and compelling, which comes subtly with the character’s

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 background information. Very early on in the film , it should be clear what the
protagonist wants and what he or she fears.

● A likeable protagonist

The viewer should warm to the main character quickly and be able to identify
with him or her. If they don’t feel any connection or sympathy towards the main
character then, they won’t care what happens to them. The character should
develop as the plot continues; they don’t have to be perfect – in fact, flaws in a
personality are much more realistic – but the viewers should become emotionally
attached to them. A character who has a solid moral code and who has been hurt
in the past will always help achieve this.

● Multiple points-of-view

This isn’t the case with all thrillers but the majority of thrillers are narrated in the
third person, with shifting points-of-view. This adds interest and complexity to
the film and allows the viewer to see the story from different angles. It also
increases the feeling of the aforementioned “dread”, as they have a better sense of
the overall picture.

● Ticking clock

Thrillers often have a race against time aspect to them, something that adds to the
suspense and fuels the viewer’s adrenaline rush. Whether it is a ticking time bomb
or a criminal who will be sentenced to death in 48 hours if not proven innocent,
this really adds to the pace of the film.

● A world-class nasty villain

The antagonist needs to be as determined and clever as the protagonist, but also
utterly immoral, terrifying and nasty at the same time. It helps if the viewer can
watch the villain in action and can see the crimes taking place; this makes us
despise the antagonist even more and adds to the excitement.

● Character growth

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 A thriller is always made better if the main character becomes mentally stronger
as the story unfolds, showing some sort of victory against his or her personal
demons.

● Teach us something

While we’re not looking for an information overload with these kind of films, a
good thriller should always teach the viewer something so they can go away
feeling more informed on a subject – whether that subject is a social issue or a
medical treatment. Sometimes, a story peppered with facts and accurate details
can make the plot more believable.

● An epic ending

A good thriller always has an epic ending that will blow your mind; an ending
that will stay with us for days, if not weeks, after watching the final scene.
Sometimes, the ending will come as a surprise, even changing the entire meaning
of the story and forcing us to rethink everything we thought was “real”. The film
shouldn’t have unhappy or unresolved endings.

HYPOTHESIS OF THE STUDY :

A research hypothesis is a specific, clear and testable proposition or predictive statement about
the possible outcome of a research study based on a particular on a property of a population, such
as presumed differences between groups on a particular variable or relationships between
variables. Specifying the research hypothesis is one of the most important steps in planning a
scientific quantitative research study. If a researcher is incapable of formulating a hypothesis
about their studies, they may not be ready to undertake the investigation.
Since our study relates with popularity of thriller movies among youth the hypothesis of the
study can be taken as:

● Indian thriller movies are popular because of the star cast unlike western movies which
are popular because of their storyline.

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 ● Western thriller movies are preferred because of their shorter duration over Indian
thrillers.

● There is a shift towards western thrillers from Indian thrillers because the number of
Indian thrillers being produced are lesser as compared to western thrillers.

● Western thrillers are considered better than the Indian thrillers among youth
because of the better storyline, characters build up and less dramatization of
content.

OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY:

The objective of a research project summarize what is to be achieved by the study. These
objectives should be closely related to the research problem. The general objective of a study
states what researchers expect to achieve by the study in general terms. It is possible (and
advisable) to break down a general objective into smaller, logically connected parts. These are
normally referred to as specific objectives. Specific objectives should systematically address the
various research questions. They should specify what you will do in your study, where and for
what purpose.
Clarity of objectives we hope to achieve by the end of this research are the following:

● To find out the elements for the popularity of western thrillers and Indian thriller movies.

● To assess whether or not time duration plays a significant role when it comes to selection
of movies to watch.

● To analyze the number of Indian thrillers made in a year as compared to western thrillers.

● To analyze what Indian audience perceives to be the reason for the success of Bollywood
and Hollywood thrillers.

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RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODOLOGY:

Research design is the blueprint for research. The researcher records his decisions by using
relevant symbols or concepts. And these symbolic constructions are called research design.
The process of data collection, sampling and analysis of the collected facts are to be organized as
per the basis of the design. The whole study can be done in a systematic manner. So the strategy
needs careful planning and preparation.
Research methodology is the systematic, theoretical analysis of the methods applied to a field of
study. The procedures by which researchers go about their work of describing, explaining and
predicting phenomena are called research methodology. It is also defined as the study of methods
by which knowledge is gained.

RESEARCH DESIGN:

EXPLORATORY RESEARCH DESIGN

Exploratory design uses a researcher’s ideas and thoughts on a subject to further explore their
theories. The research explains unexplored aspects of a subject and details about what, how, and
why of research questions. For such a research, a researcher starts with a general idea and uses
this research as a medium to identify issues, that can be the focus for future research. An
important aspect here is that the researcher should be willing to change his/her direction subject
to the revelation of new data or insight. Such a research is usually carried out when the problem
is at a preliminary stage. It is often referred to as grounded theory approach or interpretive
research as it used to answer questions like what, why and how.

Since our study is based on the popularity of thriller movies among youth in the context of
Indian and Western cinema, exploratory research is the appropriate research design. Here we will
find out about not just the popularity of thriller movies among youth but also will be focusing on
whether they prefer watching Hollywood thrillers or Bollywood thrillers. Exploratory research
will give us the reason for their popularity and what all factors affect their decisions.

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RESEARCH APPROCH:

Quantitative Approach

Quantitative research is the process of collecting and analyzing numerical data. It can be used to
find patterns and averages, make predictions, test causal relationships, and generalize results to
wider populations. It is also used to quantify attitudes, opinions, behaviors, and other defined
variables. There are several methods by which quantitative data can be collected which include
questionnaire, experiments, interviews etc.

Our research is based on the popularity of thriller movies. Here we are researching the reasons
thriller movies are popular among the youth and because of what all factors the youth watch
thriller movies. Also, we will find the reason behind the success of thriller movies made in both
Hollywood and Bollywood. We are using the quantitative approach since it’s more of an
exploratory method which we will follow to draw conclusions from our study.

RESEARCH METHOD:

Survey Method:
Survey method is research is often used to assess, thoughts, opinions. Survey research can be
specific or limited or it can have more global widespread goals. A survey consists of pre-
determined set of questions that is given to a sample. With a representative sample, one that is
representative of larger population of interest, one can describe the attitudes of a population from
which the sample was drawn. Further, one can compare attitudes of different population as well
as lack in change of attitudes over time.

Since our research is based on the popularity of thriller movies in Hollywood and Bollywood, we
will look out for public opinion about how many thriller movies they watched, the reason they
watch and which one of the two (Hollywood or Bollywood) do they prefer more and why. As our
research is based on primary data from the public, survey method seemed to be the most
appropriate one.

DATA COLLECTION TOOL:

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QUESTIONNAIRE

This method of data collection is quite popular, particularly in case of big enquiries. It IS adopted
by private individuals, research workers, private and public organizations and even by
governments. In this method a questionnaire is sent to the concerned group of people with a
request to answer the questions and return the questionnaire. A questionnaire consists of a
number of questions printed or typed in a definite order on a form or set of forms. The
questionnaire is mailed to respondents who are expected to read and understand the questions
and write down the reply in the space meant for the purpose in the questionnaire itself. The
respondents have to answer the questions on their own.

During our research, we will be taking public opinion as the source for the results. The questions
will be formed in the multiple choice questions and some of them will be open ended questions
based on the objectives and hypothesis of our research. From the questionnaires filled by our
target audience we will find out what is the trend of thriller movies and why are they popular.
The answers from the questionnaire will be carefully analyzed to draw conclusions for our
research.

SAMPLING METHOD:

Sampling is a technique of selecting individual members or a subset of the population to make

statistical inferences from them and estimate characteristics of the whole population.
Different sampling methods are widely used by researchers in research so that they do not need
to research the entire population to collect actionable insights. It is also a time-convenient and a
cost-effective method and hence forms the basis of any research design.

Non-Probability Sampling

In non-probability sampling, the researcher chooses members for research at random. Non-
probability sampling techniques are often appropriate for exploratory and qualitative research. In
these types of research, the aim is not to test a hypothesis about a broad population, but to
develop an initial understanding of a small or under-researched population.

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Since our research is based on the popularity of thriller movies the samples will be taken from a
small population for better analysis.

SAMPLING TECHNIQUE:

Judgmental Sampling/Purposive Sampling

This type of sampling involves the researcher using their judgment to select a sample that is most
useful to the purposes of the research. Since the main objective of our research is to find the
popularity of thriller movies among youth, we need a specific group who watch thriller movies
otherwise the results won’t be appropriate. In Judgmental or purposive samples are formed by
the discretion of the researcher. Researchers purely consider the purpose of the study, along with
the understanding of the target audience. So by choosing this sampling technique we will
understand the target audience and find out what all factors are responsible for the popularity of
thriller movies.

UNIVERSE:

While talking about our research, the universe will be all the students studying in JIMS, Vasant
Kunj College because they all come under the category of youth and the public opinion we are
taking in our research project is of youth. It refers to the entire entity to ever exist. But also,
conducting a research on this whole will be very difficult.

POPULATION:

While talking about our research, the population will be the students of BA (JMC) college
students of JIMS, Vasant Kunj college While this still narrows down the number of students,
there are still 360 students in the BA(JMC) course. This is the target area we will be working on
while conducting our research.

SAMPLE SIZE:

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The sample size for the research will be 50 samples of BA (JMC) college students of JIMS,
Vasant Kunj College who are interested in watching thriller movies. The sample will be further
divided into three categories. These categories will include 25 students of 2 nd year and 3rd year
each of mass communication department of JIMS Vasant Kunj College.

SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY:

The significance of the study is to highlight the popularity of thriller movies among youth in
context of the most debatable subject related to Indian and Western cinema. The study is focused
on the weakness and strengths of the both Indian and Western cinema on the basis of their
production, impact and popularity. Indian movies have been criticized in the past for their over-
dramatic presentation and slack screenplay. But the current directors are making sure that the
general perception of the world about the Indian cinema gets changed. This study will also tell us
that how Indian movies have improved scripts to hold the imagination of the viewer’s suffering
with a short concentration by cutting the time durations of the movies.

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 CHAPTER 2
REVIEW OF LITERATURE

A review of literature is an evaluative report of information found in the literature related to the
selected area of study. This review describes, summarizes, evaluates and clarifies the concerned
literature. It gives a theoretical base for the research and helps to determine the nature of the
same. It however, varies from topic to topic. For a few, Review of Literature could also mean a
simple summary of the resources available. The main motive for writing this down is to provide
its reader with the relevant background so that they can get a better understanding on its current
observations on this topic, which will highlight the importance and relevance of the new study.
Following are the names of few literature and related articles with their brief reviews, published
on various platforms.

The book titled “FILM AND SUSPENSE” by Alton Löker (1976) unveils the secret of the
success of masters of drama. An important fact for the success of any film is that the creator and
their creations should be shrouded in mystery. The book talks about how it is true especially in
the case of Shakespeare, Hitchcock and other top film makers in general. A movie is considered
to be good if it gives its spectators a feeling or impression of some real events. Certain story
events provide real pleasure to the spectator independently from the activities of the story
characters & make him/her wish those events to be real. The author tells us that how this process
of wishing the events to be real becomes the most solid basis of illusion of reality. It is relatively
easy to please the audience but it’s hard to make them experience that thrill and fear. The book
also gives the answer to the question of how to make the spectator experience that fear which is
to induce free-floating anxiety in their minds. This response is a consequence of the spectator’s
repressed guilt caused by the morally unacceptable but unavoidable side consequences of his/her
acceptable wishes. The latter half of the book explains this free-floating anxiety by taking
examples of Shakespeare’s King Lear, Othello and Hamlet and Hitchcock’s Psycho’s and The
Birds by analyzing them shot by shot. In the book, the nature of suspense & how it is generated
are explained & its relation to conflict, guilt, free-floating anxiety, hopes & fears, action, & the
illusion of reality are clarified & exemplified.

The book titled “THE SUSPENSE THRILLER: Films in the shadow of Alfred Hitchcock”
by Charles Derry (1988) presents a detailed analysis of thriller and suspense movies using
Hitchcock’s most successful production as the standard. Not just Alfred Hitchcock but also there
are many other distinguished directors like Claude Chabrol, John Frankenheimer, Michelangelo

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Antonioni, and Costa-Gavras whose American and European films have been take as reference
in this deep analysis. Apart from the analysis of different films the book also talks about how the
suspense thriller works and give a virtual how to manual for anyone who wants to write a
Hitchcock like thriller. The book is divided into two sections. The first section of the book is
theatrical which deals with a bibliographical survey. There are certain chapters that explores the
psychological concept of the thrill and relates it to the psyche of the spectator and gives answer
to the questions like to what extent does the suspense thriller represent a symbolic and vicarious
experience of danger? Or why do we like to be scared? The second section of the book is based
on historical surveys and have chapters on the analysis of suspense thriller’s primary sub-genres.
This section includes close reading of 150 major films such as The Postman Always Rings
Twice, Body Heat, The Manchurian Candidate, The China Syndrome, Missing, etc.

An article named “Difference between Hollywood and Bollywood “By Abdul Malik (Oct,
2015) talks about Hollywood and Bollywood rules the heart of billions of movie-buffs
worldwide. There are certain parameters on which both film industry differ which results in their
overall popularity and impact. These parameters are different genres, special effects, less budget
account to limited artistic liberty, popularity of cinema, fine actors, super hit movies, restrictive
approach, technical aspect, and global reach and revenue generation. Based on these parameters
there are certain areas in which Bollywood still lags behind and thus Hollywood gain more
popularity globally. Those certain areas are related to how Hollywood makes movies which play
equal attention to its script, actors, cinematography, emotions while the Bollywood movies
majorly pays attention to the popularity of actors and actresses and makes it success primarily on
them. Bollywood movies are also trying to take a better approach in terms of breaking
stereotypes and growing in budget and technical aspects too but they still have a long way to go.

An article named “Serial killer armed with an iron rod, femme fatale, avenging mom:
Welcome to Bollywood’s heart of darkness” by Shaikh Ayaz, published in The Indian
Express (May 5, 2020) talks about the thriller movies directed by by noir mavens like Vijay
Anand, Anurag Kashyap, Sriram Raghavan and Navdeep Singh. Whenever there is a discussion
about Hollywood thrillers, it starts and ends with the Alfred Hitchcock who once defined the
difference between surprise and suspense. Filmmakers all around the world have tried to mimic
his style and Bollywood has been no different. Here too the Hitch rules, but it is homegrown noir
pundits like the late Vijay Anand, Sriram Raghavan and Anurag Kashyap and their pulpy
musicals that speak more to the palette of Indian audiences. Influenced by these people many
other directors have been successful in making Indian thrillers that has captured the Indian
audience. The popularity of thrillers has been in Bollywood since the late 1960s with the movies
like Jewel thief, Jonny Mera Naam and Tessri Manzil to the latest thriller movies like
Andhadhun, Batla House, and London Confidential etc.

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An article named “How Bollywood stereotypes the West” by Laya Maheshwari, published in
BBC.com (September 25, 2017) talks about how Hollywood often stereotypes India but Indian
movies can paint a clichéd portrait of the west and of the Indian emigrants. The article mentions
how former US president Barack Obama quoted a line from “Dilwale Dulhaniya Le Jaayenge”
when he was invited to be the guest of honour at Republic Day in 2014 after India’s Prime
Minister Narendra Modi quoted a line from X-Men when earlier he was invited at Madison
Square Garden, New York. Since decades Indians have started migrating to the west and their
portrayals in Indian cinema used to be as caricatures or villains – people who had lost connection
to their roots. But certain movies have broken that stereotypes and have strongly presented
Indian emigrants as people who even though live in the west but are still attached to their Indian
cultural roots. It was observed that the Indian culture was far more cheerful and fun than the
lifeless world in France, UK or US. Something things like the western weddings or the taste of
western food can’t match the Indian food and Indian weddings. A patriarch’s melancholic
yearning for India appealed to the original migrating adults. The young protagonists’ desire to
maintain their Indian roots satisfied Indian audiences back home.

An article named “How Hindi films edged closer to Hollywood over the past decade” by
Sneha Alexander and Tanya Sukumar (July 12, 2020) talks about how After long
experimentation with storylines, the mix of film genres produced by Bollywood has now begun
to look quite similar to Hollywood’s—thanks to the rise of comedies and thrillers. It shows the
statistical analysis of Bollywood’s film genres based on film profiles from IMDb (Internet Movie
Database). After the research over years on Bollywood and Hollywood movies, it turns out that
the three genres which are drama, comedy and thriller are the most common ones in Bollywood
just like Hollywood which indicated how both the industries started converging. According to
their statistical research, romance and action peaked in the 1990s, but have now given way to
comedy and thriller, Bollywood still has more romance and action than Hollywood, but lags in
horror and sci-fi, Indian moviegoers want to watch comedy and action the most. Romance and
action have traditionally been the main ingredients of the Bollywood, but bigger dollops of
comedy and thrill are transforming Hindi cinema. If the industry continues to go the Hollywood
way in the coming decade, it’s probably time to expect India’s very own supernatural heroes and
hair-raising deadly ghosts in the years to come.

A research paper titled “Recent Genre Based Categorized Comparisons of Bollywood Movies
through Radar Plots” by some students of Marathwada Institute of Technology Aurangabad,
Maharashtra, India, analyzes the number of Bollywood movies with different genres being
released every year and to know which genre is more dominant in the industry. Genres such as
romance, thriller, comedy, action, drama and horror were taken for the comparison. The analysis
was made in the form of statistical data and the compared result was provided in graphical form.
For the research movies based on these six genres were taken from the year 2012-2015. Through
the radar plot it was concluded that comedy is the genre which has been demanding in the
audience during the span of those years. After the comedy genre the romantic genre is pre-

20
dominant among the audience. Thriller and drama genre are moderately popular with a good
number of movies released each year. The synthesis of graphs shows that action is genre with
less number of movies released in all the years. Though horror movies released every year are
least but they are very demanding in the audience.

A research paper titled “ History of Thrillers” talks about the history of thriller movies, about
they started and what cause the viewers to watch switch their genres to thriller movies. It not
only talks about the different eras of thriller movies but also how the adaptation from different
geographical areas the concepts were taken and molded according to their own culture. It
mentions the different legendary thriller directors and their successful movies explaining what all
factors led to their success in the film industry. The stories of these directors inspired other
filmmakers to take reference and more thriller movies started to come out as time passed by. It
gives examples of the movies and the starring actors by analyzing what all elements led to its
success and the use of these elements changed keeping in mind the modern audience. The
research paper also focuses on what led to the decline of thriller movies and how the filmmakers
shifted their strategies to rebuild Yeh viewers interest in thrillers.

21
 CHAPTER 3
DATA ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION

Data analysis is the most crucial step to be taken while performing a research, as this is the part
where all the facts are taken into consideration and are further analyzed to match the objective of
the research. The questions asked through the questionnaire are based on the parameters which
makes a thriller movie in both Indian and Western Cinema popular among youth. This will give
us a chance to understand the opinion of youth on thriller movies and will give us the answer we
require to procure.

Q. How often do you watch a movie?

Once in a week 27 54%

Once in a fortnight 9 18%

Once in a month 9 18%

Once in a 3 months 3 6%

Once in a year 2 4%

Table : 3.1

22
 Graph : 3.1

After the analysis, table 3.1 shows that out of 50 respondents it was seen that 54% of respondents
watch a movie once in a week and 4% of them watch a movie once in a year. Also out of these
50 respondents 18% of them prefer watching movie either once in a fortnight or once in a month
followed by 6% respondents who prefer watching movies once in 3 months.

Q. Which platform do you prefer for watching a movie?

OTT Platform 23 46%

Theaters 9 18%

DTH /TV cable 5 10%

Free Streaming 11 22%

DVDs 1 2%

23
 Table : 3.2

25

20

15

10

0
OTT Platforms Theaters DTH/Cable TV Free Streaming DVDs

Graph : 3.2

After the analysis, table 3.2 shows that out of all the 50 respondents, 46% respondents chose
OTT Platforms as the most preferred platform for watching a movie and 2% chose DVDs as the
least preferred medium. Also 22% respondents chose Free Streaming as the medium to watch
movies followed by Theatres and DTH / Cable TV by 18% & 10% respondents respectively.

Q. Which genre do you prefer while watching a movie?

Thriller 13 26%
Table : 3.3

Drama 10 20%

Graph : Comedy 12 24% 3.3

Romance 9 18%
24

Action 6 12%
After the analysis, table 3.3 shows that out of all the respondents, 26% respondents chose thriller
as the most preferred genre while watching a movie and 12% chose action as the least preferred
genre while watching a movie. Also, 24% of the respondents chose comedy as their preferred
genre followed by 20% &18% of them chose drama and romance as the preferred genre
respectively, while watching a movie.

Q. How often do you watch a thriller movie?

Once in a week 9 18%

Once in a fortnight 9 18%

Once in a month 19 38%

Table : 3.4 Once in a 3 months 10 20%

Once in a year 3 6%

Graph : 3.4

25
After the analysis, table 3.4 shows that out of 50 respondents, 38% respondents watch thriller
movies once in a month and 6% watch them once in a year. Also, 20% of the total respondents
prefer watching thriller movies once in 3 months followed by 18% respondents who watch them
once in a week and once in a fortnight each.

Q. What’s your attention span for a movie?

1½ hour 10 20%

2 hours 18 36%

2½ hours 15 30%

Table : 3.5 3 hours 7 14%

Graph : 3.5

After the analysis, table 3.5 shows that out of all the respondents, 36% respondents have the
attention span of 2 hours while watching a movie while 14% of them have the attention span of 3
hours. Also, 30% of the total respondents can watch a movie for about 2½ hours followed by
20% respondents who can watch it for about 1½ hours.

26
 Q. Thriller movies by which film industry do you prefer more?

Hollywood 29 58%

Bollywood 1 2%
Table : 3.6

Both 20 40%

Graph : 3.6

After the analysis, table 3.6 shows that out of the 50 respondents, 58% of them prefer watching
thriller movies by Hollywood and only 2% of them prefer watching thriller movies by
Bollywood followed by 40% of the total respondents who prefer watching thriller movies by
both Hollywood and Bollywood film industry.

Q. Out of these, which movie would you prefer watching?

Shutter Island 16 32%

Badla 4 8%

Inception 22 44%
Table: 3.7

Batla House 4
27 8%

Other 4 8%
 Graph : 3.7

After the analysis, table 3.7 shows that out of the 50 respondents, 44% of them chose Inception
as the most preferred thriller movie and 8% of them chose Balda and Batla House as the least
preferred thriller. Also, 32% of them chose Shutter Island followed by 8% people who chose
thriller movies like The Prestige, Dhol, Wolf’s Creek and Interstellar as the thriller movie they
would prefer watching.

Q. How likely are you to watch a Bollywood thriller movie more

than once?

Most likely 2 4%

Likely 7 14%

Table : 3.8
Neutral 10 40%

Unlikely 16 32%

Most unlikely 10 10%

28
 Graph : 3.8

After the analysis, table 3.8 shows that out of all the respondents, 40% of them are neutral to
watch a Bollywood thriller movie more than once while only 4% are most likely to watch a
Bollywood thriller more than once. While 32% of the respondents are unlikely to watch a
Bollywood thriller more than once.

Q. How likely are you to watch a Hollywood thriller movie more

than once?

Most likely 9 18%

Likely 23 46%

Neutral 12 24%

Unlikely 5 10%

Most unlikely 1 2%
29
 Table : 3.9

Graph : 3.9

After the analysis, table 3.9 shows that, out of all the respondents, 46% of them are likely to
watch a Hollywood thriller movie more than once while only 2% of them are most unlikely to do
so. Also 24% of the respondents have a neutral opinion about watching a Hollywood thriller
more than once.

Q. Which theme do you like in a thriller movie?

Death 14 28%

Revenge 23 46%

A dysfunctional 11 22%
relationship

30
Other 2 4%
 Table : 3.10

Graph : 3.10

After the analysis, table 3.10 shows that out of all the 50 respondents, 46% respondents like
revenge as the theme for a thriller movie and 4% of the respondents like all three - death,
revenge and a dysfunctional relationship or mercilessly killing a group of teenager as the theme
for a thriller movie. Also, 28% of them like death as the theme followed by 22% respondents
who like a dysfunctional relationship for a thriller movie.

Q. Which cinema portrays the theme of a thriller movie more

precisely?

Indian Cinema 1 2%

Western Cinema 32 64%

Both 17 34%

31
 Table : 3.11

Graph : 3.11

After the analysis, table 3.11 shows that out of all the 50 respondents, 64% of them thinks that
Western cinema portrays the theme of a thriller movie more precisely while 2% of them thinks
that India cinema portrays the theme of a thriller less precisely followed by 34% of the
respondents who thinks both Western and Indian cinema portrays the theme of a thriller equally.

Q. Why would you prefer watching a Bollywood thriller

Storyline / Plot 16 32%

Cinematography 8 16%

Star cast 11 22%

Trailer 9 18%

Peer pressure 6
32 12%

Other 1 2%
 Table : 3.12

18
16
14
12
10
8
6
4
2
0
ot ph
y as
t er re he
r
/Pl a C r ail ssu ot
ne og
r ar T re
yli at St P
or m er
St ne Pe
Ci

Graph : 3.12
After the analysis, table 3.12 shows that out of all the respondents, 32% of the respondents prefer
watching a Bollywood thriller because of storyline / Plot while the 2% prefer it because of other
reasons like how gut wrenching it is. Also, 22% of them would watch a Bollywood thriller
because of the Star cast, followed by 18% and 16% of them watching it because of trailer and
cinematography respectively. While the rest of 12% would watch it in peer pressure.

33
 Q. Why would you prefer watching a Hollywood thriller

Storyline / Plot 17 34%

Cinematography 15 30%

Star cast 8 16%

Trailer 7 14%

Peer pressure 2 4%

Other 1 2%

Table : 3.13

18

16

14

12

10

0
Storyline\Plot Cinematography Star Cast Trailer Peer Pressure Other

34
 Graph : 3.13

After the analysis, table 3.13 shows that out of the all the respondents, 34% of them would watch
a Hollywood thriller movie for its storyline/ plot while 2% of them would watch it for some
other reasons. Also, 30% of them would a Hollywood thriller because of its cinematography,
followed by 16% and 14% of them would watch it for Star cast and trailer, respectively. While
the other 4% might watch it because of peer pressure

Q. Do you feel songs and item numbers are necessary for

Bollywood thrillers?

Yes 5 10%

No 34 68%

Maybe 11 22%

Table : 3.14

Graph :3.14

35
After the analysis, table 3.14 shows that out of all the 50 respondents, 68% of the respondents
feel that songs and item numbers are not necessary for Bollywood thrillers, while the 10% feels
that they are necessary for a Bollywood thriller movie followed by 22%respndents who feel that
songs and item numbers might be necessary for a Bollywood thriller.

Q. How important are props, costume and makeup in a thriller?

Very Important 27 54%

Important 16 32%

Fairly Important 7 14%

Unimportant 0 0%

Table : 3.15

Graph : 3.15

36
After the analysis, table 3.15 shows that out of all the respondents, 54% of them thinks that
props, costume and makeup are very important for a thriller, while 14% think that they are fairly
important, followed by the 32% who thinks that they are important for a thriller movie.

Q. How many thriller movies do you think come in Bollywood

over a span of 1 year?

Too Many 3 6%

Many 14 28%

Few 25 50%

Very Few 8 16%

Table : 3.16

Graph : 3.16

After the analysis, table 3.16 shows that out of the 50 respondents, 50% of them think few
thriller movies come in Bollywood while 6% think that not too many Bollywood thrillers come

37
over a span of one year. Also, 28% and 16% of respondents think many thriller movies come
and very few of them comes in Bollywood over the span of a year, respectively.

Q. How many thriller movies do you think come in Hollywood

over a span of 1 year?

Too Many 7 14%

Many 32 64%

Few 10 20%

Very Few 1 2%

Table : 3. 17

Graph : 3.17

38
After the analysis, table 3.17 shows that out of the 50 respondents, 64% thinks that many thriller
movies comes in Hollywood while 2% of them thinks that very few of Hollywood thrillers come
in a span of one year. Also, 20% and 14% think that few or too many of thriller movies come in
Hollywood over a year.

Q. What is the trend of thriller movies these days?

Shifted towards the 34 68%

Hollywood side

Shifted towards the 4 8%

Bollywood side

Balanced between 12 24%

Hollywood and
Bollywood

Table : 3.18

Graph : 3.18

39
After the analysis, table 3.18 shows that out of all the respondents, 68% of them thinks that the
trend of thriller movies is shifted towards the Hollywood side while the 8% thinks that it is
shifted towards the Bollywood side followed by 24% of respondents who think there is balance
in trend between Hollywood and Bollywood.

Q. Would you prefer watching a Bollywood remake of a

Hollywood thriller?

Yes 5 10%

No 26 52%

Maybe 5 38%

Table : 3.19

Graph : 3.19

40
After the analysis, table 3.19 shows that out of the 50 respondents, 52% of them won’t prefer
watching a Bollywood remake of a Hollywood thriller while 10% of them would prefer watching
it followed by another 38% who maybe would prefer watching a Bollywood remake of a
Hollywood thriller movie.

Q. Do you think Indian audience would prefer watching western thrillers more as
compared to Indian thrillers ? Yes or no? And why?

Because this was an open- ended question,

80% of the respondents would prefer watching western thrillers more as compared to Indian
thrillers because they have better storyline, plot, cinematography unlike Bollywood thrillers
which they think are over exaggerated in regards to how emotions are displayed and there are
stereotypical storylines and more drama than a Hollywood thriller movie.
12% of the respondents would prefer watching Indian thrillers more as compared to western
thrillers because mindset of Indian audiences is different and the film makers know it. Some of
them aren’t comfortable with a foreign language and plot of a Hollywood thriller is complex for
them.
8% of the respondents doesn’t have a preference between Indian and Western thrillers. They
would watch it if a Hollywood thriller is very famous or is dubbed in Bollywood. There is a shift
of thriller movies towards Hollywood but they would still prefer some of the Bollywood thrillers.

CHAPTER 4
CONCLUSION

Our research is based on popularity of thriller movies among youth in context of both Indian and
Western Cinema. During the research we uncovered various facts about the thriller movies made
in Bollywood and Hollywood and tried to find out which thrillers are preferred more among the
youth and what was the reason behind their preference. We got to analyze their viewpoint based
on different elements of a thriller movie and which film industry portray those elements in a
better way. Few hypothesis stated by us have been proved right and a few have amendments to
be done.

41
While talking about the whole universe, we took students of a college as the universe because
our study is based on the opinion of youth on the popularity of thriller movies and out of that
took the population as the students of BA(JMC) course for our meticulous study. After the
population was chosen out, we drew out samples using a systematic method, which made us
choose 50 students each from 2 nd and 3rd year, so that we have narrowed down a specific sample
to study. Then, we used judgmental/purposive sampling method and that’s how we ended up
conducting a survey through questionnaire among 50 students to further analyze our research
subject.
There were many questions asked from the respondents which were related to their movie
watching habit, their preference for watching either a Hollywood thriller or a Bollywood thriller
movie, what elements are necessary in a thriller, what theme they like the most which cinema
represents both the elements and theme of a thriller better and what is the reason for more
audience choosing a Western or Indian thriller.
It was observed that most of the respondents prefer genres like thrillers and comedy movies to
watch mostly through OTT Platforms. Among them, thriller movies are watched at least once in
a month. The attention time span of most of the respondents was seen to be between 2 hours to
2½ hours while watching a movie which means that they might lose interest if a movie is longer
than that time duration.
When they were asked about which thriller movie they would prefer watching most of them
chose movies like Inception, Shutter Island, The Prestige, Wolf’s Creek and Interstellar while
very less number chose movies like Batla House, Badla and Dhol which clearly states they prefer
watching Hollywood thriller more than Bollywood thriller movies. When asked if they would
watch either a Hollywood thriller or a Bollywood thriller more than once the response came out
in the favour of Hollywood thrillers because more people were likely to watch it more than an
Indian thriller.
Revenge turned out to be the most popular theme the respondents like watching in thriller
movies and according to our analysis it was concluded that Western Cinema portrays that theme
more than Indian cinema. The major reasons for watching a Bollywood thriller was turned out to
be the storyline /plot and Star cast while for watching a Hollywood thriller the major reasons
were storyline/ plot and the cinematography. The other important elements of thriller movies
turned out to be the props, costume and makeup instead of item numbers which can be seen in
Bollywood thrillers.
We also got to know that many thriller movies are made in western cinema over a span of a year
as compared to Indian cinema which only has a few number of thriller movies. As it turns out
most of the respondents think that trend of thriller movies is shifted towards Hollywood side and
majority of them don’t want to see remakes of Hollywood thrillers in Bollywood.
Lastly, more number of respondents would prefer watching Hollywood thrillers over Bollywood
thrillers because they have better storyline, plot, cinematography unlike Bollywood thrillers
which they think are over exaggerated in regards to how emotions are displayed and there are
stereotypical storylines and more drama than a Hollywood thriller movie. While some of them

42
believe that Bollywood thrillers would be preferred over Hollywood thrillers because mindset of
Indian audiences is different and the film makers know it. Some of them aren’t comfortable with
a foreign language and plot of a Hollywood thriller is complex for them.

On the basis of the above conclusion,

The first hypothesis which was “Indian thriller movies are popular because of the star cast
unlike western movies which are popular because of their storyline” turns out to be true
because star cast was one of the major reason people preferred watching Indian thriller and
storyline and cinematography was the major reason for watching western thrillers. (refer to table
no. 3.12 & 3.13)

The second hypothesis which was “Western thriller movies are preferred because of their
shorter duration over Indian thrillers” turns out to be true because it was seen that the
attention span of maximum respondents were 2 hours and Indian thrillers are usually longer than
2 hours. (refer to table no. 3.5)

The third hypothesis which was “There is a shift towards western thrillers from Indian
thrillers because the number of Indian thrillers being produced are lesser as compared to
western thrillers” turns out to be true because it was seen that the trend in thriller movies has
shifted to the Hollywood side and as there are only few thrillers that come in the Indian cinema
over a span of a year. (refer to table no. 3.16, 3.17 &. 3.18)

The fourth hypothesis which was “Western thrillers are considered better than the Indian
thrillers among youth because of the better storyline, characters build up and less
dramatization of content” turns out to be true because most people believe Indian cinema
content in Indian thrillers is exaggerated in regards to how emotions are displayed and there are
stereotypical storylines and more drama than a Hollywood thriller movie.

43
 CHAPTER 5
LIMITATIONS AND SUGGESTIONS

LIMITATIONS :

44
  The pandemic limited our ability to gain access to the appropriate type of target audience
and we couldn’t get a bigger sample size and it has been seen that larger the sample, the
more precise our results will be.

 We were not able to get the questionnaire filled up in person because of the pandemic
which limited our reach towards our target audience.

 After conducting the survey it was seen that some questions could have been
addressed from another viable perspective to get better results.

 Due to time constraints, the original sample size which was 60 respondents
had to be reduced to 50 respondents.

SUGGESTIONS :

 A different research methodology can be used to research the same topic like
content analysis can be done to find out the reasons behind popularity of
thriller movies in context of Indian and Western Cinema.

 The future researches can address the unanswered aspects of our research
problem.

 The same study can be done in different genres like comedy, romance,
drama etc of the film industry.

CHAPTER 6
BIBLIOGRAPHY /REFERENCES

45
BOOKS:
Derry, Charles (1988) ,THE SUSPENSE THRILLER: Films in the shadow of Alfred Hitchcock,
McFarland & Co

Löker, Alton (1976), FILM AND SUSPENSE, Trafford Publishing

ARTICLES :
Mali, Abdul (2015), Difference between Hollywood and Bollywood, Toluna Influencers.

Ayaz, Shaikh (5th May, 2020), Serial killer armed with an iron rod, femme fatale, avenging mom:
Welcome to Bollywood’s heart of darkness, The Indian Express.
Laya, Maheshwari (25th September, 2017), How Bollywood stereotypes the West, BBC.com.

Alexander, Sneha & Sukumar, Tanya (12th July, 2020) How Hindi films edged closer to Hollywood over
the past decade, Live Mint.

RESEARCH PAPERS :
Recent Genre Based Categorized Comparisons of Bollywood Movies through Radar Plots, Marathwada
Institute of Technology Aurangabad, Maharashtra, India,

History of Thrillers

WEBSITES :
https://www.google.com/amp/s/www.youthkiawaaz.com/2011/08/indian-cinema-
versus-western-cinema/amp/

https://medium.com/@fshareef345/western-influence-on-bollywood-
b293580045ba

https://scholar.google.co.in/scholar?
q=Research+on+thriller+movies&hl=en&as_sdt=0&as_vis=1&oi=scholart#d=gs_
qabs&u=%23p%3DZ1Yn7GJ37-wJ

46
https://scholar.google.com/scholar?hl=en&as_sdt=0,5&qsp=1&q=
%22comparative+study%22+bollywood+and+hollywood&qst=br

https://in.toluna.com/opinions/2164225/Difference-Between-Hollywood-And-
Bollywood

https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/opinion-entertainment/bollywood-
thriller-movies-6354810/lite/

https://books.google.co.in/books/about/The_Suspense_Thriller.html?id=GqExHkQU63wC&redir_esc=y

https://www.bbc.com/culture/article/20170922-how-bollywood-stereotypes-the-
west

https://www.google.com/amp/s/www.livemint.com/news/india/how-hindi-films-
edged-closer-to-hollywood-over-the-past-decade/amp-11594425652611.html

https://books.google.co.in/books/about/Film_and_Suspense.html?id=9kT8b1CLXvYC&redir_esc=y

https://blog.whsmith.co.uk/10-elements-make-good-thriller/

https://www.google.com/amp/s/literaryterms.net/thriller/amp/

https://works.doklad.ru/view/qnFEozqiNOU.html

CHAPTER 7

47
 APPENDICES

QUESTIONNAIRE

Name :
Age :
Course :
Email ID :

1) How often do you watch movies?

● Once in a week

● Once in a fortnight

● Once in a month

● Once in 3 months

● Once in a year

2) Which platform do you prefer for watching a movie?

 OTT Platform
 Theaters
 DTH /TV cable
 Free streaming
 DVDs

3) Which genre do you prefer while watching a movie

 Thriller
 Romance
 Action
 Comedy
48
  Drama

4) How often do you watch a thriller movie?

● Once in a week

● Once in a fortnight

● Once in a month

● Once in 3 months

● Once in a year

5) What’s your attention span for a movie?

● 1½ hour

● 2 hours

● 2½ hours

● 3 hours

6) Thriller movies by which film industry do you prefer more?

● Bollywood

● Hollywood

● Neutral

7) Out of these, which movie would you prefer watching?

● Shutter Island

● Badla

● Inception

49
 ● Batla House
Other specify

8) How likely are you to watch a Bollywood thriller movie more than once?
● Most likely

● Likely

● Neutral

● Unlikely

● Most unlikely

9) How likely are you to watch a Hollywood thriller movie more than once?
● Most likely

● Likely

● Neutral

● Unlikely

● Most unlikely

10) Which theme do you like in a thriller movie?

● Death

● Revenge

● A dysfunctional relationship

● Other (please specify)

________________________________

11) Which cinema portrays the theme of a thriller movie more precisely?
 Indian cinema
 Western Cinema
 Both

50
12) Why would you prefer watching a Bollywood thriller
 Storyline / Plot
 Cinematography
 Star Cast
 Trailer
 Peer pressure
 Other (specify)

13) Why would you prefer watching a Hollywood thriller

 Storyline / Plot
 Cinematography
 Star Cast
 Trailer
 Peer pressure
 Other (specify)

14) Do you feel songs and item numbers are necessary for Bollywood thrillers?
● Yes

● No

● Maybe

15) How important are props, costume and makeup in a thriller?

● Very important

● Important

● Fairly important

● Unimportant

16) How many thriller movies do you think come in Bollywood over a span of 1 year?

51
 ● Too many

● Many

● Few

● Very few

17) How many thriller movies do you think come in Hollywood over a span of 1 year?
● Too many

● Many

● Few

● Very few

18) What is the trend of thriller movies these days?

● Shifted towards the Hollywood side

● Shifted towards the Bollywood side

● Balanced between Hollywood and Bollywood

19) Would you prefer watching a Bollywood remake of a Hollywood thriller?

● Yes

● No

● Perhaps

20) Do you think Indian audience would prefer watching western thrillers more as compared
to Indian thrillers ? Yes or no? And why?
______________________________________________________

52
53
54
55
FILLED QUESTIONNAIRE :

56
57
58
59