m Phamviel Tuyen NAAR mon tai Liu hoc tap nh cho sinh vien nam I chon vin minh viet nam v8 sinh vién chung chil vén minh viet nam trddhg dei hoc van khoa sai gon nin khoa 1272 - 1973Noi dén vin minh hay vin hoa Viet Nam, ngudi ta khong the khong nghién etm ve phong héa, zhong tuc cua dan tdc Vist Nam tit qué khit tdi hién tai. PHONG TYC LA Gt ? 26 1 nhiing théi quen trong dit song trai qua thi gian va khéng gian. Nniing théi quen nay mhap mhiém ty tung va tinh cm cling nh chi phoi ddi- song thuc te hang ngay cua cde cd nhan, gia dinh, xom lang va xa hoi. Mhting ‘thoi quen y ¢6 thé 1ién quan tdi tin ngvong va tén gido, Iuan 1y va phép- duit, vin ngh$ vé vin héa v.v.. CO nhiing thoi quen chung bit nguon tit cde truyén thong lich sit ofa o& din tGc ma cling cé-nhiing thoi quen riéng phat- hién @ ting thoi dai, trong tig gidi, voi ting sdc toc, noi ting diaphuong ‘Thién ve viée nghién citu phong tuc @ thot 1 ving xa nia, trong cuen, Hanh trinh vao dan t ¢ (dam Son, Saigon, 1966), 8 van Hao a dinhnghia phong tye hge nlf sau: "Phong tue hoe 1A khos hoe vé ede inh thie x8 - nga trong cde coin th8 ngub co so va co trayen: c¢ cau ole gia dinh,bd lee, thi tGc, thn xd 5 ¥ nghie cla hGi he, ella tro choi..." Va coi phong tuchoe nhit 1a mot trong nhieu doi tuong cba dan toc hoe (hay han ching hoe), ofing trong cuén sdch ké trén, 18 van Hho 6 ban nhw sau ve 1énh we phong tue va tin ny hoe: "Tat cd nhiing gl trong nép sinh hogt di trd thanh thoi quen va duge duy tri boi sv biéu dong tinh cia tap thé déu goi 1A phong tuc. Nn véy, hiéu theo nghia réng, phong tue gom nhting hinh thile t - chite xa noi, nhiing co cau cu gia dinh, cua bo lac, cia | thi tde, cua x8 thon. 5oL song con ngui “tit nda con mo" chin sy rang bude cua hong tuc 14 nhiing 16 164 qui djnh sinh hogt theo nhiing gid tri, nhing tiéu chuan, nhiing mae aich ma tap the cong han a phi hop vi iiieng tri, voi, 1é pha theo nhén xet va theo quan nién sha tp tne Sy, trong thdi kho&n nao dé. 06 the 14 phong tuc 88 thay di, bién théi dé thich nghi véi hing sv kign vi hodn cdnh mdi + nhung au é trong trang thd khéng 3 dinh, khong bat di bat dich, phong tuc bao gid cing cd y net sau xe cua né. Khi y nghia bi mat di whey xoa nhoa thi phong tuc cling sé dan dan tan hey chi dude duy tri mot edch my moc. Naiing tap tue cia ede xB hdl ¢3 sd va ode xB hGi ¢3 truyén thing od 1 ¥ nghia han sinh duch mau tén gido. Khia cenh lich sit, khda cenh x® hoi cua tp tye duge gin lién véi mot quan nigm no dé ve vi tru. Do 46 tp tue xuat hién va dude duy tri nhut mit phucng thile nhlim cuths hoa nhiing tin ngutng. Tap tue aéng vai tro giong int vai tro cée nghi_ thite tén gido. Trong xB hGi cenh ‘néng hgh het phong tue déu 14 nhiing nghi 1é canh -O1-ong ning vo ¥ nghia sicu hinh. Hoi hb va x cnot gin 145n vit cing bai a nlm trong he thong tin nguing vat Linh hay thin Linh. cho nén od the not dios ring trong Yi -59° o%e dan tée 8 so hay ede dan toe <3 truyén, ofc kha canh vit chat va hi: ognh tinh than déu gin bé mat thiét vdt nbau, vi du ng, ta Khong thé ngldén ctu Kj thuit canh néng mA khong ast lost kj- thadt nly vao trong khudn khd mgt tht dao thién nhién duge goi'1a "dao canh néng" bao gon mot so tin ngving vi nghi tinée von quén | xuyén sinh host vit~ chat va cd cau tinh than cue con nguL song ve nghé néng."(tt.52-53). muds NonTiN oy PHOWG TUC VaBT-NaM, 6 TH DYA vho Nata ok 7 DE nbn 12 dau tién phai cin otf vao chink ede i sich, cicbad béo viet ve phong tue Vii vist, Nan. ve nguon tal ga oot yeu nay, phan tnt, tichsau day 68 giGh thigu mot 60 sach béo mA ching ta ob thé ding lan can bén, 7 TAL urdu vB PHONO yo vrgr Nan (SAcx) 1. Wét Nam phong ai, Nguyén vin Mat, ban dich eda Ta quang Phit, Pha QVK Van Hoa, Saigon, 1972. 2. Chuyén doi sata, xia, Tritcng Vinh y, Saigon (1866). 3. Chuyen 1 Khoi hai, Tritong Vinh Ky, Saigon (1882). 4. Tuc ngit co ngit gia ngGn, Paulus Cia, Saigon (1697), 5.* Recueil des chansons populaires, Paulus Cua, Saigon (190k). 6 en dei xuC., Dinh thai Son, Phat Toan, Saigon, 1908. 7. Tre con hat te con choi, Sguyén van Vinh, Tif Dan Vin Uyen so 1. 8. Tuc ngif phong dso, (tap trén va tap audi), Nguyén van Ngoc, Viet Van thie xe Vinh | Hung Long thu guén, Ha Noi, 1928. 9. Truyén co mde Nam, (tap I va tp 1m), Nguyén van Ngoc, Thing Long, Salgor, 1952 (%€4 ban); 10. Bao _m ca, Hewyén van Ngoc, Vinh Hung Long, Ha NOL, 1932. ll. Cau doi, Nguyen van Nege, Vinh Hung Long, Ha Ni, 1931. Hat. Hat_dam Nghé Tinh, Tinh, Nguyen dong Chi, Tan Viét, Ha Noi, 1943. 13. Hong Hoa dat mide, tap thuong va tép ha, Trong Toan, Bon Phitong, Sai- gon, 1956. 1s. Dan ca viet Nam, Nguyen. hitu Ba, tp I, BO Ghigo Duc, Saigon, 1961. 15. Vast Nem ca tru bign khao, 25 bling Doan va.BO trong Hu, Saigon, téo- gid, 1962, 16. Phong tuc mign Nam qua may van ca dao, Dao vin Hod, Khai Tr{, Saigon, 1961. 17. Kinh thi Viét Yom, TrgyeaDibeeidgin Hip, Saigon, 1950 (tad ban).1B. vv. 20. al. 22. 23. 2k. 26. 27. 28. 2. 30. 31. Liannsm d'autrefois , >. Ta:culer. Chellamel, Paris, 1907. Lignan d'éutrefoic, issais sur 1e constitution de 1'Annam avant L!in- tervention francaise, pierre Pesquier, Société d'Etudes Géographiques, Paris, 1929 - P.i Introduction gé..jr.2e & l'étude de 1a technique du peuple annamite, Essais sur la vie materielle, les crts et industries du peuple d'Annam, H. Oger, Geuthner, Paris, 1908. L'Indochine en Zigzags, Pierre Billotey, Albin “ichel, 1929. Recueil des .vis du Comité consultatif de jurisprudence annamite sur_les coutumes dus uid es du Tonkin en maticre de droit de femille, de suc- ns culturels, Trung Bac Tn Van, Ha Noi, 1930. Chante altorn’s ds garcons et des filles en Annem, Nguyen vin Huyén, Geuthner, >: 5, 193k. Le culte des IDEO, 19h. rertels en Annam (Léo gido), Nguyen vin Huyén, Ha Noi, . 1a civilisation annamite, Jguyen vin Huyén, Colleotion de la Direction de L'Instruction Publique ds 1'Indochine, Hanoi, 194L. Bibliographic annamite, Emile Gaspardonne, (membre de 1'Ecole F.E.0). La f annamite de 22 , Pierre lustegny, Hanoi, Tan Dan, 1935 Moeurs et _coutumes du Vietnam, Vi ngoc Lién, S.L.N.D. 19h Croyances st sprattques religieuses des Vietnamiens, Léopold Cadiére : Tome I, Société de Géographie, Hanoi, 194 - Tome II, Publication E.F.E.0, Saigon, °955 Tome III, Publication #.F.Z,0., Paris, 1957 Cultes ct religions de l'indochine annamite, G.coulet, Imp.Ardin,Saigon, 1950. \ bn _percourant 1'Indochine, Christiane Fournier, Edition "Les Flots bleus!! Monte Carlo, A on des méciums Vietnamiens (Lén dong), Maurice Du- . Imagerie populaire Vietnamiense, Maurice Durand, B.F.£.0., Paris, 1960. . Les paysans du Delta tonkinoi:, Pierre Gourou, Mouton et Co Lehaye,Paris, 1965.36. La femme vietnamienne, Hoang vin Od, Son Hai, Saigon, 1960. 37, Vietnamese legends, L& huy Hap, Rev.ed. With amotation, Khai Tri, Saigon, 1964. 38. Viet Nam Van Hoa Si Cuong, Dao duy Anh, Quan héd ting tht, Hud, 1938. 39. Village in Vietnam, G.Hickey, New Haven (U.S.A.) ~ London (U.K.),1964. 40. Nép ct: Con ngvci_Viét Nam, Toan Anh, Nam Chi ting thi, Saigon, 1966. Ul. Nép ci: Lang x6m Viét Nam, Toan Anh, Nam Chi ting tht, Saigon, 1968. U2. Nép ci: Tin nguéng VASt Nam, quyén thiohg, Toan Anh, Nem Chi tingthy,, Saigon, 1967. 43. Nep ci: Tin ngutng Vist Nam, quyén he, Toan Anh, Nam Chi ting tht, Saigon, 1968. 4. Nép cli: H6i he dink ddm, quyén thiténg, Toan Anh, Nam Chi ting thy, Saigon, 1969. US. Léu chong, Ngo Tat 70, Mai Linh, Ha noi, 1952. U6. Van cong Tho mai gia 18, Ha tan Phét, Hong Dan, Chg Lén, 1961. U7. Tho mai gia 18, Chu ngoc Chi, thing Long, HA ndi, 1952. U8. Hon 16 (Lé tuc cudi ga), Ha tan Phat, Hong Dan, Saigon, 1963. 49. Wiét Nam phong tug, (Hén 16 xva va nay - 76 18 co truyen - Tang 15 - Tho mai gie le),P.N.K.,Dai Hanh, Saigon, 1965. 50. Viet Nam Van Hoo ‘Thu, Hoang trong Mién, tap 1 va tép 2,Seigon,1959 51. Dan te tinh trong ca dac, Hoa Bing, Vo Dat, Ha ndi, 1952. 52. inh Wam-chict quai, Va Quynh va Kiéu Phu, ban dich cua Dinh gia Khénh Se epee os va Nguyén ngco San, Vin Hoa, HA ndi, 1960. 53. Vist bién U Linh tap, Ly té Xuyén, ban dich cua Lé hiu Muc, Khai tri, Saigon, 1961. 5k. Thoi the ky vin, Trittng quéc Dung, ban dich cua Nguyen dong Chi, Tan viet, HA noi, 912. 55. BO Bei Nam Nhat ’hong chi, ban dich cua BO Quoc Gia Gido Duc. 56. Truyen ky man luc, Nguyén Dit, ban dich cla Truc Khé, Tan Vist, Saigon, 1952. ~Oh-5ST. 58. 59. 60. 61. 6h. 65. 66. me 72. 73. + Tanz thydng n . Tan bién tr » tép IT (Quan chic chi va Lé nghi chf), Lich triéu_hign {oh cla Wién SW Hoo Viet Nam, Ha ni, St Hoc, 1961. Phan huy Chu, ban Nam Hi di_nhan | ‘uyén, Phan ké Binh, HA noi, 19i2. Lé triéu gido héa dieu" .2t, Tran khdi Van dich, BO Gido Duc, Saigon, 1962. Cong. dit tiép ky, Va phvong Bé, nan dich cia T6 Nam Nguyen dinh Diém, BO Gido Duc, Saigon, tap I (1961), tép IT va tap IIT (1962). Kién vin tig nc, Lé qui ten, Khdo ve ki tric Dinh Viet Nam cua T.Q. van Nham, B. K. 80 2h (ay 58). = druc Dinh Vie Bgye, Gham Chdu Doc cla Dohamidé, B.K, hoi 1962.~ Lang +61 cha Wi quynh Bang, Shan Chau Doc B.K. so 49 (1959). Horizons (revue) vi du: L'agencenent des Temples Bouddhiques au Vietnam, Composi- tdon du Pantheon Bouddhique, Edition speciale n2 16.- Coutumes et le- gendes de la féte du Tét au Vietnam, Edition spéciale, Céch Mang quée Gia (nhat bdo). vi dy: quén dét va binh ché Vigt Naw cla trong Minh, atQG ede ngby 28,29 thang 7 va 7-8-1963.- Phong tue Viet Nan cua Toan inh, CHQO hod 1963. Séng ddi_mién Nan. vi du: An Tét cla Lé van Siéu, S.D.M.N, 50 6 (thing 1-1960). i nguyét_san. vi du: Cée van c. nght 18 va phong tuc xB hoi Viét Nem: thifa ko Intong hoa, K.H.N.S. 80 4 (thing 1-196). X8_ ho: Chon Loc. vi du: bam Bém ride_m muc dong ¢ lang Phong le cua Trong Lai, C.L. 80 6 (g-12-1965), Dei i vi du: Nhiing ngvit song dau tin trén dat Vict pam cba Nguyen Phuong, D.H. so 3h (@-1963).20. 22. 23. 2h. Bulletin du Service Géologique de 1' Indochine. vi du: Notes sur le Préhistorique Indochinois - Résultats des foui- lies de la grotte vale néolitique de Minh Can - Note sur un outil en ryolite grossiérenens tail1é provenent du massif de Bie Son (Tonkin) cla Etienne Patte, B.S.G.I, Vol.XII, fascicule 1 (1963). . Sud Est. vi du: Rites et _coutumes chez les pécheurs ct marins du Vietnam cua J.Y.Claeys, $.%. n? 1h, Juillet 1950.- Sources de la vie spirituelle du Vietnam cua Truong vinh Tong, S.B. n° 16, Septembre 1950. Qué Hohe. vi dy: Tim hié-__¢3ng bao Thuéng ota Nghién Than, Q.H. tép 1 (9-1961) tt .879- 78995 tap 2 (10-1961) tt.129- sll; tap 3 (n- 1961) tt.140-162.- Ton gido cua ngudi chim tei Viét Nam cila Nghiém Tham, Q.H, b> 2, tép 1 ot 1962). Vietnan Presse. vi du: S,tannée du tigre et ies rites du Tét cue Thai vin Kiém,V.P. Saigon, 1962.- Les fétes de Nui Sam cua Lam Minh, V.P. Saigon, 1960 in si Dia. Vi du: SU'ta_so vi si tau cla Nguyen van TO, tép san T.5.D. so 11, Saigon, 196h.. Bi_chu: Nhiing séch vo ke trén age Ke iam th du. co 16 can phai thit 14p dn not th tich day di hon vé phong tuc Viét Nam. =20-VAN CHUGNG vé PHONG TU€ Ngoal ra nguiti ta co the them khdo trong mot phin néo 43 ede eéng- trinh vin nghé nod chung va cdc tac pham vin chifong noi riéng. Phan vin hoc 1ién h8 vol phong tue nhiéu nhat 1a phan van hoc din gian, 06 tinh chat binh dan, & Vigt Nan ta quen gol 1A van ching truyén migng va vin ching khuyét danh, 4 trén thé gidi nhiéu nga ngly nay dat ‘tén 1a van chitong phong tuc. Vin chwteng phong tuc hay vin hoe dangian bao gem cot yeu: 1) Cae load truygn: thin thoa, ‘truyen thuyét, 03 teh, ngu ngon, tiéu lam, khi nA va ode truyén nom kbuyét danh binh dén. 2) Céc load vin van: tuc ngit, ca dao va dan ca co, 3) Cac load van san Khau ngay xa: hat bei, hat chéo va mot 80 ban hat c&i. Luong ci. Nhiéu edu tue ngit néi ve phong tue: = Dat YE qué théi. = MGt miéng gills lang bing not sang x6 bép. = Song vi mo ma, khong song vi ca bat com. = Ch cha khong bing pha tiéng. ~'Bi ¥6. quanh nin ihdng bing ngéy rim thing giéng. + Tet dén eau lung, Sng vat thi ming con chéu thi lo. -u-nuoi tim an com ding. = Cay rugng an con ni ~ Cé phic tho mGc tho ne, vo phic thay de thay théng. - Hoi ol way 6 hang cdc cd, trad chwa vd thi nhd hdi Thay. Nhiéu cu va nhieu bai ca dao 1ién quan voi phong tuc: - Mong nam, midi bon, ham ba, Ci ba ngay ay ding ra di dutng. - Hon dat m2 bist noi nang, Thi théy dia ly ham rang ching con. = Bao gi¥ can lach Dong Nai, Nat chia Thién Mu mdi sai 104 nguyen. - Mua cam thi chon lay can, Lay chong thi chon trudng nam cho giau. ~ Trvdng nam nao 6 gi dau, Mot tram cdi gio do dau trutng nam. = Muon nghi chd lay Ke La, tuong thi thoi, cdi c& thi than. Em 14 con gdi Phung Tién, Ban rau mua but mua nghién cho chong. Nila mai chong chiém bang rong, BO cong tam tuoi, vun trong cho rau. Song thi con chng cho an, Ohét thoi xoi thit, lim vin t@ ruod. - Du ai buon ban dau xa, Nam nm nhd lay théng Ba mong mii (gid to Hang Vuong) - Trai. khon tim vo cho dong, Gai khon tim chong gifa chon ba quan. = C6 cudi m& chang 06 cheo, Whan duyén trde tro nh keo khong chan. - Con vua lay thing bén than, 16 dem lén ngan cing phai di theo. - Con vua thi dang 1am vua, Gon edi Y chia di quet 14 da. -12-06 téi bon DAL ca dao md th agi Kndi cdi Lich sinh host hing nim ¢ mong thon voi nhieu phong tuc cua x4 hoi nong nghiép ta ngy ata: 1. - Thing giéng 1a thang an choi, Thang hai giong dau giong knoai gidng ca. Trang ba thi dau da gia, Ta di ta hai ve nha phoi kho. Thang tu di tau trau bo, pe ta sdp sifa 1am mua théng nam. Sdém ngay dem lua ra ngam, Bao gid moc man ta s8 vot ra. cénh di ta ném ruéng ta, bén khi 1én x9 thi te ho ve, Lay ein : ae ke cay thué, Cay xong roi mi trd ve nghi ngot. 6d Ila don da sach roi, nude rugng voi mug con lai mot hai. Rugng thep aéng not gau eiad, Rung cao thi phai aéng hai gau song. ChY cho lua c6 dong dong, Bay gid ta sé tré cng cho ngudi. Bao gid cho den théng midi, Ta dem 1ign hi ra ngoai rugng ta. Gat xong te hai ve nh2, Phot. khO quat sach ay 14 xong cong. ‘Thang chep | la thang giong khoai, Thang giéng gidng dau, théng hai giong 8. Théng ba cay vd mugng ra, Thang tw 1am ma mfa sa aay dong. Ai ai cling vd cling chong, Chong cay vd cay trong long vai thay. Thang nam git hai da xong, NnY gi0i mot mau nam nong tho day. Nan nong diy, em xay en di, Trau ud phén, cém ba nui heo, Sang nam lia tot tien nhieu, Em dem déng thud déng stu cho chong. BOL no co thiép co chang. -13-3 ng an tet 9 nha, roi T&L ouay ra mudi tin, than, gba ai béa va. Thang ty di (bgt, thang nan trd ve. Thang sdu en di budn be, Thing bly thang tdm trd ve dong ngé. chin, mii cdt gia dong ma, HOt chap ve age anh do dai lung. Anh fin roi unh lai niin, a cho thiép phad quanh nam lo phién. chang the Lay chu ive dién, G30 bo théc gidng con phién noi chi? be thing giéng an tét Y nha, ‘Thang hei cd bac thang ba hoi he. Thang tt dong abu, nau che, An tét doan ngo trd ve thing nin. Théng séa dudn nhin ban tram, thing bay ngay rim x toi vong nhan. ‘Thang tém chci den kéo quan, gid vé théng chin chung chan buén hong. Thang mii buon théc ban bong, Thang not théng chap nén cong hoan thanh. Noi mgt cdch tong cutt, tye nait 1a mot kho tang kkinh nghiém va kdén thle ma dan t6o Viet Nan oi dan da tich liy tit thad xa xa, ca dao biéu 16 aot song sh can doi dbo cha dan toc vagt Mam trude day song bing nghe néng va gan gi voi thién ahiéa, con 0 téch thi aien ta doi song x hoi mot cach ey Gu hon vai cde quan niém siéu hinh ve vi tra, su song, su chet, tinh x8u, honk phic, ty dowveves Te <8 tich di ata tél ede truygn binn dan & th Iq) XVIII du thin nhukn ege phong tye tapquén cha dan gian. ching han nd truyér en tray cau hey truyén bénh day banh chung, tuc truyen bat nguon tit aot Hong Bang, nhung it nhat oiingd’ diye ghi chép rd rang tif trude thé ky XV. lieTRUYEN GAY cau. Thoi thugng 0d c” r3t vi quan lang (1) site vse cao dn, mhB vue ban tén 12 Cao cho nén 1%y Ce. 1am ho, Cao sinh ha dig hai ngwdi con trai,con cf tén 1a Tan, | con thi ten a Lang (2). Hei anh em ging nhau nh duc, trong khong thé phan bist noi. Dén nam 17,18 tudi, cha ne déu tit tran, hai anh em dén thes hoc dao si Inu Buyén (3). Nha ho Lita eo nguos con gai tén la Lién, tudt cling Khoang 17,18. Had anh em thay nang thi rat vita y, muon ket lan vo chong (4). Hang chue biét gud nao 18 onh, ndi bay m3t chau chao va mgt abi dita, cho hai enh en cing an. Neues en nhudng anh an trwdc. Nang vé noi voi cha me xin 1am vo ngueh anh. Khi _ cing e voi nhau,nguoi anh thing lat 10 voi om. Nevo em ty Ley, lam thi h3, cho ring anh lay vd roi thi quén minh, ben khong cA bist ma bd at vé qué nha. Di tdi gitte ring 5 gap mot dong sudi séu ma khSng ed thuyén dé gua, dau ddn khéc 1de ma chet, hoa thanh mot cay mc ¢ cua (one. News anh 9 nhd khang thay em ben ditin. Téi cho 43, gieo minh chet & bén eee efy, nda thanh phign ad Gm ay gee céy. Naud vo di tm chong, t6i oh} nay cing gieo minh Gn lay phién dé mi chét, hde thanh m3t cay leo cuon quenh th’n edy va phién dé, 18 ¢6 miki thom cay. Cha me nang ho Lat ai tim con tdi day, dau xot vO cing, bin Lap migu the (5). (Neue tr ng ving huong hoa thd cling, 2 ‘tung anh em hoa thuan, vo chong taét nehia, Khodng théne béy thing tan, knf néng chya ten, Hing Vuong 41 tuanthd, nhan ding chan nahh nat & trude eu, thay ofy 14 aun ime, eily leo chiing- chit, ty dua 1Gn migng nhai, nhd bot 1én phién dd, thay 05 sée 4d, mh vi thom tho, Vuong ben sai St aa dey vod ma &n cling voi apa va 14 day leo , thay mai vi thon ng-n, mo. a3 mé hong, biét 12 vat guy, ben lay mang vB. Nedy nay oy thing trong & khép noi, a5 ehinh 12 cay cau, cay tru Khong va v5i vay. Ve sau, neudt nude Nan ta phim ewdi vd g& chong hay 18 tet ldn nho déu 12y trav cau Lin dau. Nguon gée dy cau 1A nhy thé ad. Chi thich: (1) Tiéng a gol con trai vue (hoang te) tr ang thot . Hone Bang. Sach Viét ot vong mic, tién bién, tép I, trang 5 chép: ho Hing Bang "bét déu aat quan chic, tudng van goi 14 lac hau, tuéng vd gol 18 lac tung, niu tu soi 18 bo chfnh, con trai vua god 1a quan lang..." (2) Hai chif Tan va Lang ghép lai cd nghia 14 cdy cau. (3) Ban 4.2107 chép 1a Lita dao Huyén.(u) (5) Ban 4.1752 chép:"Nha ho Iam ¢6 ngviti con gai, tuoi khoang 17,18 thay hai ngvoi, trong Long lay lam tnich, muon ket lan vg chong ma khong biét ai 12 anh, ai 1A em ben dua mot bat chdo va mot doi dua..." Ve doan nay, ban A.2107 chép: "Cha ne ning ho Liu tim tdi chén nay, dau ddn khon cing ben lp miéu d@ thd cting. Vé tdi nha, dém mongthay hai anh em tdi vai ma noi ring: “ching toi nang tinh huynh a, vi nghia mi khong thé song cau thd duge, lam 1ién luy tdi Lénh i. Cha mg di khéng bit t8i mA cén 1p dén thi". Nguil con git cling tiép 134 ring: "thigp tit thud théc sinh, nh¥ cing cn mot ding tdi nay, di khong cé gi bdo dép, via roi lai vi dao vd chong, vi long chuyennhat ma nghia vo ching tuy tron ven song 42 hiéu nd van chia tron,dam xin rong Jong x8 tei". Ho Lut noi: "ede con da ven tinh huynh a, nghia v9 chéng, ta con gian gi nile 7". Lei néi: “im duong déi nga, mot. ecm thinh ngu#i thién 8 dé cho ta lung nhiing slau thing 1” inh Nam Chich Quad cua a Quynh va Kieu Phi (truygn ee dan gian Viét Nam situ te tit te "ny Ms Zinh gia Khanh va Nguyen ngge- San phién dich, chi thich va gidi thigu, Vin Hoa xuat bin, HA noi, 1960. 50 ~16-Sau khi wi nhan quoc gic vo su, muon trayén ngoi cho een quan Leng va cong chia (2) lai ma phan ring: "Ta mn truyén 3 ngoi cho ke nao lan ta vila y, cuoi nam nay mang tran cam ny vi dén dé tién cong tién wueng cho ta dude tron dao hiéu thi 68 duoc ta truyén ngoi." Ce con eeu dua nhau di tim cua ngonvat, Ja kngp trén can dudi bé, nhiéu khong sao ke xiSt, Duy 06 vi céng ti tht 1818 Lang 1: G), ba me trude kia von bi vua ghe lanh, vi co don ma chet, ta ndu it nguta gitp <8, kno xoay sd, nén dén ngay lo ling, mgng mi bat an, Mob dém kia, mong thay cé than han tdi noi ring: “ode vat trén tro dat va rsa cae quy cue neue Khong g. bing gao. Geo co the nudingvoi Khde manh ma E.. khoag bao giv chan, cde vat khac kong thé hon dude: Nay dem ggo nép 12~ bandh, cdi hinh vuéng cai hinh tron é tugng trung hinh tro dit roi ding 4 2c ngoai, ¢ trong cho my vi de neu y cong atic sinh thanh 1én lao cua cha ney. Lang Liéu tinh day ming rd ma noi ring: " Than nhan giup ta vay 2!" Nui roi ben theo 104 din trong mong ma 1am, chon thy gao nep trang tinh, lit Lay nhling hat tron ay khong bi v3, yo cho that sach, 14y 14 xenh boc xung quenh thanh binh vudng, cho tran cam mj vi veo ben trong dé _tugng ting cho tdi dat, van vat roi nau chin, goisaA bauh chung. Lai lay ga0 nép nau chin, gia cho nét, nan thanh hinh tron, tuong- trung cho troi goi 18 bank day. den ky, vue vai vé truyén cde con bay vat tin 1én. Xen qua khdp lot, thay khong thiéu this gl. Day qua c6 Lang Liéu chi tién dang banh chung va bénh aby. Yua kinh ngage ma hoi, Lang Liga don gide ngng | thuat lai. Yue con nim, thay ngon migng khGng chén, hon hd cae thie cua caccon Khée, tam t&e khen Wi. roi cho Leng Liéu duge bat. Den Lnedy Tet, wa tating ay banh nay dang oie cha me. Thién ha bét ohudc, dén nay doi tén Long Liga thinh "St 1ééu (4). Tua ben truyén ngdi cho Ligu, anh em 21 a gilt ede noi phién tran, tu tap bo dang m thanh phién qué. ve seu, “ede tudng tranh giénh nhau thing ding mde séch (hang rao bang go) dé phdng new; cho nén, ti do mdi cd sdch, thon, trang, phittng(s). Chi thich: (2) Ban 4.1752 chép: "Truyén bénh chung banh day (2) de ban khde chi chép:"22 vi quan lang", khong cd "eéng chia". (3) Ban 4.1200 chép Li Taét Lieu. -l7-(u) () chit St vics hoi giéng voi chif Lang, chit liga aim na né voi chit 11éu. Tit 14éu cd nghia 1a cde thie an trong ngay tét nhat. We doan oudi, ban A. $2 chép: "Jue truyén ngéi cho Lang Liguma khong, truyén ngéi cho con tring. Hai mic mét gui con khde dou ai tit phitdng, dua vao hing phién mi 1p thénh 08 dang, chon nei thech tuyén Lan noi higm 08, di dii 3 a6. Bong bge nd ty cay. bing Ia, trongbing sho tdi héu thé vi tranh gidnh 14n nhau, phii 1gp méc eéch dé onda git nén °c sach, trang, phucng tit do, dan dan thanh tuc 1g". Sach 2a damh tit chi don vi hanh chinh ¢ mién nai, tudag tu nh xd Y mign sudi. Linh Nam Chich Quast cha Wi Quynh va Kieu Phi (truyén co aan gian Vict Nam st tap tit the ky XV), Sinh gia Khanh va Nguyén ngocSan phién dich, xi thich va gidi thiéu, Vin Hoa mat ban, Ha noi, 1960. Mgt phan van hoc khéc cling phan anh prong tuc ft nhiéu. Dé 1a ning to tap biin thy bit, bit Igy 1g st, du ky v, ‘nh nhiing tép hei, cua Hguysn Tuan, Handi ba mot adu pho cua Thach Lam, Saigon nam ave cue Weng Hong Sen gan day. Hoe nhiingthién du ky cha ngvoi ngoai quoc, viét khi ho mdi tdi thim Viét Nam. us, Le ot Bon dé cho ring: doc Stt_Giao Trong kagn van Tiéu Ly —— — “4 doi Tran ron n) thi eo th. biét née dei luge ve B nhac, ¥ Phuc, su thue, ivit 16, phong tuc, ua thei Tran". Trong chong "27. Bon a& cher % ThS cho nén “ Tran cudng , Trung nha Nguyén co chu ring: "pin Sng D het thay dev cao du, ngudi co cuan che thi lay vat xanhdoi dau. Dan wht nha sy." Ben khi Holng Phuc nha Minh sang lam quan, mdi cam c&t téc. Nay dan hat Giuo- thay, Kién-lao, va Tru-2i, hay odn tue cli nay. ‘tap Suugiso chép ring: "Dan déu di chan khéng, thinh thodng ling 6 ngutt | gv da, hing 41 dn dign nhk Vue thi bd glay ra. i thanb, hang tram ngui}, quan tude, mic do bao va cam hot, eeu qui ma thot. Pa chan r@t day, leo mii nhanh nhy bay, di ged géc cling khong , 8g. -18-Mi 494 du ding miu xanh than, 1am bing thit Iya diy son, ly ogi dt 1Gn dau mi, ding tre cao hai thie mi bd gip lai tdi cd, od eiattndt g ding sau, trén dinh mi cd vong cau sit, ngvdi co quan chic thi them cal gidi vio vong sft nity. Khai 9 trong nha, thuong thutting & dau tran, c6 khich tdi mod dO4 mi. Khi cd di choi déu xa, thi sai ngvoi aay td mang mi di theo. Duy 06 Yas 18 béL tée, roi Léy Iya bac quan vao déu, trong xa nhit 1a mi Inan-céu cua cdc nha tu hanh mi rong hon, phia bén thi tho ra mA ru auong. Navi troag -w6e du mac do lua den, quan thi bing thé 14 miu u san. Dan ba cling mc do cen, duy ¢6 khée 1a do triing Y trong thd aati ra, va rs o thi rong 4 tac. ‘tuyét khong ding nhting mau s&c xanh, do, tia va vang. V6 tiéng néi thi 1fu lo: God trdi la dotemat, ait 2 yén, mat tre 1a phicbét-mat, mgt trang 1a bjt-van, gid 1h gido, may 1a mai, mid 1A can- Gi, mite 1A luge, mit 1i. mat, mom 18 méinh, bo 1A cha, me 18 nA, con tradla can-da, con adi TA can-ai, chong 14 trang, vw Lh da-bi, min | thi god la link, khGng . mon thi got 1a tuteng-1inh. Dad xuat ning thé. ‘TMéng noi d3 mau Jai nhe, gidng nit tieng chim. Lai tdi rét nhe, di led nhanh cht gid. Tat o& mide chi toin mit séc den thém, tréng nhw ngin van con qua. Dan bi cét tic, iii lai ba téc Y dinh dau, rof thit avdi chan téc, Jai boi cAi char. hong cd toe mai quan g ding san, va cing khong ding dau sap de wot to . ting do trang site Ja dan ba: Nevo giéu thi ding vong deo tay bling d64 moi, con ngoai ra thi ding bing xing va sing mi thoi, tuygt khong co mot phaa ly vang bac. Nguoi trong mide déu vé vao minh nhimg’hinh khuat khue nhv cdi cau im, ho&e nh hinh 16 ainh d3u cli. Lai od ngudi thich chit véo bung", TOi thiét nghT do 13 ning tuc thet nh& tran. Nay ban triéu diaoanet tyet BOL ma xarh, nic &o den, déc téc a ve hinh. Duy @ nhiing net am thap, ong, nite, nguei dan khong Si mb at gity,’ moi tién’ ett lam an cong vide, ad Ya thdi tuc di quen 1am, khong thé doi duce. oon 3 ve phan tiéng noi, thi tiéng quée fm ta khong 06 tang chinh, co kh co tng 3 noi ma Khong co chit, Ts ma ng Trung Hoa lay chi Trung Hoa tA ra, cho nén ead dén shu vay. Tiéng-ndi cae mutée khdc doi voi ngviiTrung -19-Hoa cling déu thé: bai kndi nit ngwoi Trung Hoa voi tén ngudti nude Kim 14 Mén-h8n, agot-truat, tén nguii_nutée Nguyén 18 Moe-hoa-1é-béi-tru, chia chée di ating tiéng nhit thé, co 16 | neta, Trung Hoa chi mig nhiing tdéng gidng giing mi viet ra 5 thoi. Neu 1éy tiéng chinh mA doc thi khong diing(1). Whiing ky sv cha cde gido st chau fu viét v6 Viét Nam khi jhe nod toh dat mite ta cling phin anh mgt phan nio eée phong tue tép quan cla din tée ching ta hoi the ky XVII. Sau diy 1a mot dogn trich djch tit cudn "Ky sv vo at Béc Ky" ota gido si Julieno Baldinotti da xuat ban tai Joma va tai “ilano ndm 1629: "quan anh vac rido di va guom tran lén vai. Dé 1a nhiing neva rat a8 cm, 06 thé diéu dinh avec, trung thinh, vui ve v2 khéng e6 hing net xau cla ngudi Tau... vue xf Bac ky lam bé chi ch{n mide; ba Gng vua phdicong hién nha vua do 18 vua ntde lai. (2) chia xt bang Trong | va chia xt Bau (3). Chinn va Bc Ky lei ohéi cng hién vua Tau va hing nam phi dem ong be pho tichg bang vang va ba pho tuchg bing bac (4). $6 It tite hing nam cha rma vua 0 49 hai trigu, hi vua co thé o6 mgt d$4 quén In trong We chién troch. Dud quyén vor 26 600 vi thudng quan, die can kp thi cdc ong quan ag at bude phai m! (cho an& vua, Sng thi mot ngan, Sng thi hai ngan 1inh, cho déu lie hét chién tranh mdi thdi. cae quan to déu diye cal tr} nhing Yholing d&t réng do mhh vua 1 cp cho, d@ lie chién trenh thi phd mo nha waa lai cS 4000 chién thuyén déng 9 mhiéu not. Cée chién thuyen 49, mot ban du c6 26 tay chao, vb mai lic thao din hay ai tuln du 06 dgt trong phéo (hang sung 2; 1 vres) , cd chién chuyén va dau mad cing thep vang rat dep.co not len toi do | thay 500 chien thuySn tu tép mit cho ve Sop ngay ky Die Thwtohe Hoang Hoi mult. .~ trude ad bi mGt ngwOL con nhd tue nhat gist onet 46 cinh evdp ngoi yaa nung sau Sng hoang bat hiéu 46 di bi Sng hoing Ca la | Sng vua dang tri, vi ngby nay tite 2a vi Thi tu chfth thite dude quyen noi. ngdi giét di. Wad vua rat niu chién, thing tap bén bia va cut ngva cing vol 1x. Whi vua ei thijch xem chién thuyén theo dién nhiéu céch, va tién lui theo mhip cua ngvdi cam higu 1énh. (1) Kien van Tiéu Lue oha 1é qui bon, quyen I,ban dich cua Lé manh Liéu, BO Que Gia Gido Dye xuat ban, Saigon, 1963, tt.116-119. (2) Tie 1A mide Lao. (3) ‘Meo 1a mién Tuyén Quang, Hing Héal bay gid. (4) 084 18 ny chanh Nenyen Hué di xéa bd sau tran quét gifc Thanh nin Ky du (1769). -20-Kinh do Bée y @ veo vi _bayen 21 dQ. Tae khong oS gio thoi thing -vao hoi thang ouin, thi kad nau rat néng. Kinh 43 chong 6 thanh tri va cd quan phong thu gi va. Ngoi evng wua ra xéy bdag da titng tang | 2da va lop ngoi, thi’ cdc nha cla déu bing . > lop tranh va khéng co cila 33. Trong thanh pho co nhieu ho 20 dé den lie cd hoa hoan cho dé chitachay. Cd dam hoa tai thiéu tdi 5,6 ngin néc nha, ning chi bon nan hém sau lad ding lei ngay. Toanh pho chu vi 43 5,6 dm va dan cit thi dng’ vo ke. Can thanh pho c6 mt con song 1ém thuyén be od thé ai lai dige. Séng dd chdy ra ¥8, g cho each kinh thank 4 18 dam. nude song a6 rat duc, nhuing at cting phat wong , vi trong thanh pho khong 06 gieng vi thing chia mic. Moi nam thudng nude séng tran b hai Van vo déu ti.ng Juin va thing dovenbre ngép dén nia thanh pho, nhung ute lt dé rat chong rit ra." (trfon - theo lich su sv dao Thién Chia d Viet Nam cia Hong Lam, bei Viét Thién Ban, Hue, 19lb). HOt 1631, gido si Christcphe Borri di nhén xét nhv sau ve phong tue cdi mY hiéu khdch ota ngwii, Vit Nam: "Dan caune ¢ nbiéy mide wine Dong £ thuong cot nhiing regu _Tayphitong Wa oon tin Bch team mit ide i eth o mt om, tréi lai, dan chung kéo 4 chung toi ding bite vO ho. “i chung, ho ait xt voi cing 45° st, tham mat cua not dintée 6 mot van hoa ceo", (Chriscophe Bo la Compagme de Jésus eu ruven du Pere Christophe Borri, fi ce royaume, pat ie Pére Ante @ Lille v8 gennes, 1631 Flamand (1632), tiéne cd in lai urong BY 'e des premisrs qui entrérent en Croix Je 1a resine Compagnie, xXuatban Giso s% ary a 73 san nay cf so sdnh ngudi vidt Nam vol ngwth Tau va ngvos Nhat nz 5: "do bixGng qua nghiéag 78 van chuoes, tirh tinh cling _knéng than hign nut nguoi Tau. io org qua gh! éng ve gaa bi, tinh tinh cing khong ddc ac nhit ngvoi Nhat. 0% 73 tn thué:, ho katng cao 1d nit nevi Tau, cling e tring qué th3p nit ag ena" (part Istoria Cella compagnia di Gesu, in g Plaisance 1821, ¢ “eooli 1359). z A rai th ca be 3 viel Rai th co teén 2.ouda Ligh st truytn gigo Vist Nam cia Tad, “Saigon, 1959). Cuon sach nay cing cho ta viet ring giao si Alsxanire de. Rhodes d& ting ght nhigu 6t ve phong- tuc ViSt Nam trong cuén Lich is a ere aoe 1dn_lao TRUtrong viée truyén bé Phic fim cua cac cha Dong Tén tai do tit 1627 dén 1646 (Nhan de ban chinh bing tieng Latin: Tonchinensis historas libri duo quo- Yun altero status temporalis hujus Regm, altero Mirabilis Evangslicae praedicationis progress. referuntur, ceptee per Patres, Societatis Jesu ab anno 1627 ad annum-1646. Authore P.Alexandro de Rhodes Averionensi e- jusdem Societatis presbytero eorum quae hic nerrantur teste oculato.Lyon, 1653, in 4°). We phian phong tue Wét Nem 9 trong cuén ay, “Nguyen Hong di widt: "Nhiing chutong v8 phong tue ghd | 26 nh na (onays ouch hot, wet nbat trong. 8 ohitong tit chutong 22 den 29, x6 ra cha 6 nhiing hin xet rat eau sie va phii 1a ngudt di song trong quén ching va 2&t vot quén ching ni cd thé tha lug duige mhiing sy kién tl ni va day da nhv tha. Nhiing t&1 1iguquihod cho cac nha x8 hoi hoe. "(Sach ké trén,trang 291). -22-LICH SU DIA LY I] va PHONG TUC Nhung ché nuchg tye chde chin nhat cho nevis nghién ctu vé phong tue Vigt Nam khong phdi 18 céc thién du ky hay nhing ang van ching khde mala lich sit va dia Iy. va t4éu chuan cén thigt mht mi nevi nghién oda vO Phong tuc phai noi theo 1a cde phiong phép moi ve xi hod hoc. Muon bit a3 06 thd mo t4, mon hig €8 o6 thé gid thich vA binh- nda we cae phong tyo Vigt Nem, ede nha phong tye hoe 3 mat Nam mot ding can phAL dya vo sich bio kiko ctu ve ata 1y ch st (Ke ca lgch eit tong Gust Lan cac Lich sit chuyén bigt nh vin hoc st, vin hoa ai v.v..), mt dung khdo cé thé 1am phong su, digu tra thdng trong din ching vil cdo phuong phap x3 hoi! hoc, dan toe hye... Dua vao cdc Khoa tien sil, lich sit, van hge et, vin hie sit, nguoi ta e6 thé tim ra nhiing vét tfch dau tign oda van minh tran dot Viet nam ngay zeta cling nhit cde hiéa iutong tién trién ota phong hoa, phong tuc trén dat Vist Nam tit thoi tien <1 to4 nay. Trude hét ngudi ta od thé tim thay {t nhiSu nét vo phong héa, phong- tue trong cde b} lich sit hay dia ly chit Han cha ngwii viet va ngvol Tau, vi du: . . . 7 BS "Dai-Vigt stt-ky todn-thu" cia Ng6 sf Lién (hoan thanh nam 179, 401 L8 thénh Tén), mot b> sit di b&t ngudn not phn tit bo "Dai-ViSt et-ky" ele Lé van Ht (hoin t4t nam 1272, adi Tein thénh Ton) va bo "Dai-Viet sit ky tuc bién" cia Phan ph Tén (14m ra nam 1455, doi Lé nha Ton). -.B) "Kham dinh Viét-sit thong-gién etteng-mue"" do quoe sit quén soan . dui 44 Ty Duo (Phan thanh Gian lam tang tai, bién tap khoang 1856-1859, kigm duyét khoang 1871-168) va tign trinh nam 1864 01 Kién Phic, 48 roi khde in). ~ BO "Whi Thip Nei Si" do Huong Cang Van Hoo Nghién ctu x2 aude bin -23-gan diy (1959) ¢ trong dé c6 swt tap nhieu bé sif oi ca Thu nhit "Si Ky" cua Tit M& Thién, "Tén Han Tht" cia Ban Co, "Hau Han Thy" cia Pham Viép..- \Ghling han nhut vé phong tue J mide ta noi cuat thé wy XIX dau the Ky XL, ching ta od thé da mgt phan vio bd Det Nan Nhét Thong chi (do Quéc- st quan soan vao eval adi Thanh Thad dau dot Duy Tan, dict auyén dicu khdéncia Cao xufin Duc). Chi trong ghi chép ve phong tuo trong bp dy di dude biéu 19 nol. dim 9 bai Phim LG: "Phong tue e6 quan hé vé ey gido hoa, van hién é trung chau 1 tuy del lige etGng nhau, nhiing cling theo ting tian gat chép. Duy noi man thd bi nhot vao tap tue, dew giong nhaw ea, chi céc mien thudng~ du hai hat Thanh héa va Quang Tri thi bién ré, cén cae tinh thi déu Ivee bién, dc gid nén theo timg load suy xét." Sau diy, ching ta trich dan mot doan not ve Phong tue tinh Thanh Hod (ving | ait ma 57 vin siéu ‘trong | cuon Van Minh sit dA cod A cad noi dau tien cia din téc) va séu doan nd4 vé phong tuc luc tinh Nan V4ét. PHONG TYC TENA THANH HOA "KS sF va chugng vin hoc, di nio cing cd anh tai, phong khodng 164 lec, 8 nhieu tit kn, ciing 1A nbd duge thanh ti ola mid. song. ‘Trong Nhat Thong Chi cata nha Thanh ©} not, la gto 8 hs chau cao digu ma thich “adeu nghia" tile 1a the. Ke 1am rugng thi het sic cay cay, nhvng phitong phap wan rugng thi kém thua ngoai Bac, cho nén théc lia khéng dive > Phong ding. Mahé céng thi ciing khéng ¢6 nghd gi dic bist, hoa ching 06 nghé thy 44 18 mén a tring | (nniing ngvdi ¢ v6 an Hoach thuge huyén Dong San), <6 the lay dé che @iige cae dé thuting dung trong nha. Nghé thitong thi khGng 06 mhiing hang buon to gigu ldn, tuy van c6 thuyen be giao thong budn bin voi cdc tinh hat, song cing chi 18 quén hang xoang xinh ma thot: , Ve phn nghi 18 t2t nndt, cing ode vige me chay ming viéng clinge1ing nit tinh Nghé an (xét trong sit sit ¥, tit hos thuge nha Hén, Nndn Duyén Lamthai thd cia chan mét day din ofe vige cay ody cing céo 16 cvdt xin. Vey Oluchan bit theo van hia Trung Hoa 1A hdd tit Duyn true). Duy trong 3 théng me xudn thiféng cd 18 Ky-phitle, ef than, hofe hat xtng, hole dinh cd, ting ty nhvt ede lang ngoai Bic. Phong tue cée thd ain trén man Thiting au ‘phan. nhiéu hung hén, khdc voi dn Kink, tap thing cla ching khong khoi ¢é nhigu sad 1gch. __(Bon ny d@u theo khe mid Jim nha bie ean dé 3. Lam rung thi thing che dat gieo hia ma Khong cay. Cling od’ khi dudi din trau re gian nit rung aSt ma khong cay bite. MOL thang thi cif t{nh 18 30 ngay chin, khong od thang 2hbu tng niéu Khao nau, Hang nam thi chi cé b Of séng ngly Nguyén din ctng 6 tién mot len, ngoai re Khong 06 gid chap.Cha me chet thi dinh ao quan & trong mh’, 3 nin md chon. cad ngby tang ting thi chi adn thay ciing ve, cting ‘trong 3 nit ngay 1A xong, oung Khong 8 16 chi nifa. Nha co viée vai ming thi lay gao vol men cho vao cai hii thie to, bit idndtrong 2 thang cho dutge ngan chin, To ngdy 43, mdi khéch tdi hb mdi pha thén mide vao hi, roi tat od chi cing khéch ngoi vong quarh hi, cing ding ong tre cho vao hi hut rudy 1én uong, ay, Jam voi thich; tue gol 1a” ong "RuCo Can", NghTa 1A cdi tuc moi rg van chua bo heat. Lai theo tue truyén, dan pha Tran van, hitting 06 3 cad le: MOt la cad phep “Nang Siu". © dude pinép ay Ce eit minh thi pén * kenéng tring, dan khong dau, vao lit knGng chay, xuong mide khong chin, Phépnay rét Ii cho vige chien trim. Khodng dau d0i Gia Long, oo tén Pham vinDan 1B Tring chau Trinh C5, 461 v8 thugt 46 thudt 4, ki ra tran, khong ai dich noi, cdc nén xung quanh thay eu knigp sd. Sau truyén cho con LB Van Hanh cing the. Nhung nay hod tne dan & do “thd phép ay d& that truyen nay khGng ai bist. Hai 1a phép "fa Bon": phép nay ding d@ tra thi rat nghign, MeL khi thi ai thi ngém ley sét da hay 18 cay go, ném vio nantes kia, co the Yin cho vat dé lan vio trong bung ngvi kia ro phat bénhrat nguy Khong thé tr{ noi. trit phi let cau dén ngvil ném 46 mit co the lin cho vat kia rut ra thi nd, khod ditge. Ba 18 edt phép "tang Binh": Luyén dude phép ndy thi cé thé ngay giiim ban ngay ma lam cho khong trong thay ninh. Holle Khi mon lim hai ai thi ngim ngam chén vio beng ng ay, rot trd v6 leu gon at thi ty indo “nguit kta phat chét. Hed thuit eau nay vi quan trén cfm ngit cho nén gan diy Knéng thay xty ra én mang y nifa. Xin chép vao day dé thin phin kién vin). Ngoai re duy co nan ba x& trong cac huyén ‘Thach Thanh, Can Thy va Quang Té Ua hol 06 bit vin tu. dai Nem nnat, Taong ond, tinh ‘Thanh Hoa, tap thiting: (ban dich eta A Nam Trén tuan Khai). PHONG Tyo shut Bray VA dia 1y am p trong Ling, nén din gian phong tye ‘hun nau tanh kn | den aién, ke sl chugng the, nhén din sieng vige cay rugng gist out, nnghé thy vi nghé bud tiy theo dia thé phét trién lam un; ua af hit mia, sung thing dgo Phat. Linh t4ét tu thls Chiu 30 dung néu, ngay Neuyén Din bay 18 cing trong 3 ngay roi 18 ta, 7 ngay 16 khai ha. Tet Doan dung dit co ban cing t16n nhan. Tiét Trung thu va Tring city thinhthoango6 nha bay tige thing. Tét thang chep t2o m3. Moi xd dou cd a9 ainh aan thu oting te. 16 hon nhén, nha cdc 3H plu tad Lin di oée 15, con nhiing wana tam ‘thuttng | hode cé lam 16 nhp thud (o 3) trude PO pau lam 16 ow. Te ww dung gia 1é Van Cong (2) -fing co ding 1 trad tién cba nhb Phat. Vide cat thi khdénh ha nhau, viée hung thi phing diéu nhau. Nhan dan chuyén can, duy 66 may cho dat rugng phi nhiéu dé sinh ly thi gut bay litt bing. Tap quan hay ty ti, cha con anh em hay bigt ow dot cho, cau trénh knot inh phan (dt ufnh) en cho 1a ae | sich. mo “dan kniing | bist chit chi cay cay 1am an. Lam géc 8 4, khong bast den ngiy théng chi oh. Khi nao dn mua thu hoach Iie thee xong, thi gist sinh vat _ hGthop &n uong, danh trong, duc dong 1a, vai choi cing 1 nhau goi 1a tdét hat. (DNN TC, Luc Mnh Nam viet, tp thuidng, Tu Trai Nguyén Tao dich, trang 7). (2) Van Céng tén 18 chu Ry ngwoi did Tong, ddu Tién of, lin 5 quyén Gia 15. PHONG TU Thy oT, DINE Tue chugng kni tist, khinh tai trong ngbia, si hu han doe ach cot yeu cu cho hieu ro nehia ly mi lei vung nghe van tit, néng phu eténg ning khi kot oGng givo cay, sau lad it hay bon xdi gi, otf de sty theo thién - tho,dang mat ma thdi. Bach cong Kf nghé thé s¢, nhiing do ding tuy vung mi ben chdeshay ding do ngosi hoa. Nha dai thucng dou 1A ngoai quée dén, newt ban oof ob buén ban nho non den chd nhigu dén cho ft Kiem 1¢1 di nhat dung mA thi. Dat co nhiSu séng ngot nén e6 nhiéu ngwii biét bot. Nguin ty 8 au ca tt phutcng moi nha déu co tye 18. Dan & thon d& thi chat phic, dan eg ‘th thanh thi du diing. Tang che hon mhan, c6 ngudi tuan theo 16 che, ma cling c6 nguti bét chude 1am theo Phat phép. Con nut 16 téng lap, nguyéndén, doan dung, t8 ty to t4én, cho dén tige ming sinh nbit, ngay thing gial #48t det khdi cdo tinn Nam Ky ciing gidng nhau od. (DNNTC, Lue Iuc Tinh Wan vist, ban dich Tu Trai Nguyen Tao, tap thiong, trang 95). PHONG Tyo TiNH Down mth Dat dai rong, ngwvi hao > higp, siéng ahs nghiép, hay bo thi,tinh ottng thing, ding cfm, thich diéu nghia, sténg vige cng. Con trad chuyén gh néng, ddnh cé. Con gai cham vide canh cit, cd khi kién nghd buon bén. Hang tuan tu chuyén theo don sch, hang khée manh hoc theo kj nghé, Khuda gt diing phép, hang lua bit bang hoa tinh xfo co tiéng, phong tye .thuain ma rong réi, y phuc kh{ dung chugng 161 trang site van ve, gw cing dink a =26-am thué va that aidy lung diéu, phu nit nha nghto, nif trang d6u dung vong bge, hay tung idinh 6 phat, chung ma qui, tin dong bong cung 6, va dad hich khing 16 tén phi, hay dling od dong mia hdt lay 1in vai thi, ] non 16 Lay tru cau Yam trong, : vong 6 18 chi. ding 3 12 mi tnés (3 18: van dank, thinh we thin nghinh), tang YB dimmg theo dao nho hode dgo Phat, tue khong nhit Ingt, ngvel 9 gén thinh thi bay choi Doi bing nhéc, mht con gad é ving 4 Tho thi nay sta soan trang eile di coi hit mtg, quen théi dan ding, con trai ¢ cac pho khach thi 8 bac bit xach, tye xau chua trit, (BN TC, luc Tinh Nam Vist, tap thitcng, Ban dich To Trai Nguyén Ta0, BO Qquoc- Gia Gigo'Duc xb.1959, Saigon, trang 103). PHowo Tyo Ther vINH LONG Ténh ngwod va chin nding, ung an d6 man, an mie kni dung o6 vin hoa ma cling 06 chat phae. Hén thi tang 16 gi theo lust philip 16 nghi. Ke of chugng thi thd, dén thing wa thing mB. Nghé rugng va nh adh of deu nhdh theo lgt ty nhién, dung Aue ft ma aoe Igi nhiéu. Dat dai rong, thife an nhieu, ft ean stic tich danh a3. Nniéu ngvei piét 164 bot, thien nghé bit ogp va cau of sau. Bach cong Kj ngh§ chita ditgc tinh xo. Heng ngutt quén tu hay_chugng 16 nghia, trong danh ta6t, cong hang t1éa dn hay du thu phi. phim xa xd. Sung bai Phat, tan dong bérg, trong nit than. Viée tang te hay mdi thay chaa cing chay. Te a thi theo 16 xan ky thu bao. Dam dao cing nhau thudng noi pha tron tiéng Tau va tieng Cao man. Conphong tye nevi Td thi nay ding vet do quan 26n di (2) audi quan xién, bai chao ke tén auf theo Kdéu bai hd Phat. Tint Phat giao, kes chat thi moi thy chia Lam 16 nie téng. chit viet thi hoe tap theo thay cba. Thitngnsn dén ngay 29, 30 thang 8 v3 neby 1 thang 9 sin sia hao soan a8 cung totién got 1a tiét abst. Te khi d@i bo phong tuc Tho th) hig y phye kad dung wan aan bat chude theo Hin phong (1) duy 06 ty hoach (chit vist), tang te va tit nhdt chia ste doi. (DNNTC, Luc Tinh Nan Viet, tép ha, trang 8). (2) Hén phong 18 phong tuc cha ngvti minh. Rona Tyo THN AN OTAND si chugng thi the, dan siéng cay ruong, dét vai, nong thing ddpdor Kj nghé tam thing, ni cong duy co huyén Minh an kha hon. SI hanh thi h huyén An xuyén thing hon, nhieu ng nio phéng, tap thong xa hoa,y phuc wa she 45, tt bfmh tan ding dong béng, 6 khi ding phi pap ca Cao man, Dp-ba, tang £6 ding xen c& dao Who va dac Thich. Cau déo thi chujng hét -27-xeiing, oan nguyén viée gi thi hay | thd thién ding @), hén nhan thi 1am ré triée roi sau mdi cudi, sinh 16 kéng ding con heo H&L nan (tiie heo khong @utge toan sie). Nevo Hén ngui Tho chung 2én nhau, bén nao gill tyo bén ay. Phong tue ngwii Tho thutt., nim dén théng 3 site Téu trat, sim hoa qua. hitog dn dén cing noi Chie HS. V6 sau, 3 ngay 404 mhau gn wang « dénh cau, gol 128 &n mitng nam mdi, ciing abt ngwii minh ming 18 Nguyén adn vd . Thang 8 rude nifde thang 10 dita mide (théng 8 hi cA ghe thuyén a1 mitde HS tang bot gap den sing Tan ky, danh trong dat, aéy ho cfm, xong rei buéng chéo giao tiép cling nhau mgt hoi vii gidi tan, gol 18 16 mide mide, théng 10 fing lan vay, gol 12 18 ava mide (trie nit | mgd minh néit ut dén, 1yt lui vay). Den nt gon ngit thi ding xea cd tang butting nhan (tieng Tau) va tléng Cao man. (oun TC, Lue Tinh Nam Vict, tap ha, ban dich Tu Trei Nguyén Tao, BG Quoc GiaGido Duc xb.Saigon 1959, trang 43-l). PHONO To The Ha Tren Ké si biét chit, dan eiéng lim an, qué nila 18 nghd ban buén, con kynghS vam thutng. 8 gin bidy tah tin neh wi ay, odin aang dé bit, of, @ gan mis thi hay bat chin | va t3 ong dé bén. Nguoi quan te hay thfen dieu nghia, ii ng vige céng, ké tiéu nhan thi an ‘thing thu phgn, khéng 0 gian tham trgnoudp. Nhigu ngvot bio higp va hay treu gioi hoa sil, uan Gng re dung hay obe di, din ba con géi trim du bling Khin vai dit, con trai béi téo hay cid Khe thoa (cat thos cong mgt dau) d@ cho téc Khoi 50, con eat trang site 80 dam, bét toa th thong ra sau, tinh neioh mau le, nif cong tinh xho, hay dithuyen gibi nghé bei nue, va néng ehét lan, bgnh tat it nay tlm they thud, ua ding dong bong va thay phi phap Cao man. Gp vige teng te, 18 nghi theo ho ma cling theo Phat. 6 vige hoan nguyén dt dot dan trod, cudi gf thi ding od 3 18 van danh, tndon ky va thin nghinn. Tinh va tho Y Pht, nhing ngay tan nguyén (thutcng nguyén, trang nguyén va ha nguyén) ‘dou ding hutcng den hoagua cau phutde trude bin Phat. Dé nguyén dan chiém nghiém knf tr trong sang thi nin dy due mia ming lia thée, hose khi dat trong ing thi nin @y autor mad song bién, & 1A di tye chim nghiém trong nim. THSt,doan ngo 5-5 an Lich lam bénh i cd sitag 48 cng tién £3, va dua ghe, tit thanh minh con trai con géi di tom) goi 1 dap thanh, tit trung tha noi ban hiu chang hung tring thu, dém tru tich thip don sudt dém gol 1a thi tnd. Con tuc tho @an thi moi nim of dén théng ba 1a stim dan huong hoa qué dén cdu phic eo shin 33 of ot 3 nghy omy 08 exo fd a ppt 18 he t08, Thang 8 6 18 rude » thang 10 16 dva mide, giéng nit thd tue & An Giang (trang 85-86).Ve phong tuc 9 trén dat Viet dudi thoi thude Hén, D. Dai Viét Su Ky Toan ‘Thy cua Ngo si Lién dé chép: "Nam do la niin Ky sttu, nam tht nam higu Kién Vi cha vua Quang Vi nha Han (25-57), Tich quang, ngtot. Hén Trang, & Giao Ord, day 18 nghia cho dan. nha Han, dg¢ wham Dién lim théi thi citu Chin, Dign 1a ngitt dat Uyén, Dan otha cn quen nghé dénh ed, sin bin, khéng lim viée ciy ody, Dign ben day dan pho rugng, hang aan cay bite trong trot, tran ho ditye no aa. . .Whiing ke nghéo khong tan - lan 16 cud, teh Dién bat tit cae tring led ma xuong. moi ngud phat bét bong 1é0 d2 gitip dd. Cang mgt lie 06 den hai nghin ngwoicudi v9. Ong Lam vige dite bon nam thi phdi trigu ve. Nevet ola Chan 1@p dénkfnh ong, va sinh con ra dit tén 1a Whim. § Linh Nan van phong bit dau tit had thai thi 46."(1). Cling vé mt chuyén ay, Héu Han Thy cia Phem Vigp di ghi tit truce: pau the Kién Vi (25-55)...Jua he chiéu dat Nhén Dién 1am ‘théd tha iu Chén...Tuc Guu Chan lin nghé san bin chi khong bist ding vd 43 cay (séch Dong quan Han Ky néi ring: Tuc Cita Chén la dot cd rod gieo giong lam rugng. Séch Tien Hén Tht néiz That ho Trigu, 45 uy Siu Tic sang day ngvit ta ding bd a3 ely bite). Dan thuing phat mus We Giao Chl mot Tan thigu thén.Dién ben truyén dic cde thit dien khi, day gho ho khan ruing. rugng dat tri nat moi nin mgt rong thém, tram ho duge day di. Din Lac Vit lai khong 06 _Phép cw noi, moi ngvii wa dam at, Khéng quen tnd song chung vel nbau, nén khong biet tinh cha \ con, khong bist dao ve chbng. vi vy pién gt tht at cde Imyén thuge quyén Sng, truyén cho mol ngvai din ang tit 20 den 50 tuoi, dan ba ti 15 dén ho tudt, tat thy tudd tde mb cud hoi nheu. V8 phan nhing ke nghéo knd khong 6 sinh 18, thi 3 ong ra lénh cho cae vien chito, tit truing lai trd among, phad bot bong 1d¢ de gitip a8. smd 46, cing not Iie, cd ae hon hai nghin neue edi hoi. Wan dé, gid mm thudn tet, la ma dité> mia, con aB ra biét ho biét dong, neo nao cling ndi: To mi od age die con a6 1A mhd ong Nhém, Nhigu ogi 1ay tén wham dit cho con cdi... Trude kia trong thi Binh 4& (tit nam 1 dén nim $) 09 tich Quang ng: Kén Trumg, 1am thai thi, @ta0 chi, lay Bt nghia day dan man di an 8, tier: gido héa ofing ly ling aint ong Dién. Vao cued thot _ Witong Maing (9-23) , 6ng ding otf bién eamh let dé chong git, Kht Kién Vi mdi én, Sng sat sit sasang cong hign, duce phong lim Gidm Thy Hau. (1) Ngo si L4én, Dad Viét St Ky Toan Tht, quyen 3, td Ia. -29-pat Linh Nan giit phong tyc Trung Hoa, bit diu tit hai v4 théi thi as. Dién cai tri 4 nam, duce goi ve Lac Ducng, vi cd bénh nén dite Ite lei, va roi sai ai lan nb 3 Tha Ditong. Quan dan quén ci Chan 1p dén thy ng Khi Gng con song."(:). trong cde st ca, nhieu hi, nevi ta phi Van mo mdi tin thay nhiing nét_ndi ve phong tue, tan néc, rai rde...chuing cling oS Khi gip attoe ca mot doan dai. Ching han nhv trong b3 annem, chi Ice ela 18 The (soan vaokhoang 1265-1307), 3 auyén 1, co dé mc tht 8 chep ve phong tuc Viet Nam thoy ua nhy 5a "Niloy anener. awa 1B dat Siac ni. Doi nha | bung, nha Nga va: ro Ten Dai, ov gige hoa‘cus Trig quoc d& tham nhuan dén. ben hai 42 wha! Hén dat Lin quén huygn. can Gng 1o lam rugng, ¢i budn, din be Lo mudd thn, dat vii, cdch noi phd nién hoe, it long han mon, New 9 st xa tdi ni $i mitde ho, ho hay hdi tham, @y 2a tinh thutng cua ho. Ngiti sinn rad giao Chau va Ai Chau thi rong rai, co mu tri, ngvoi ¢ chau Hoah, chau thithuin ta, ham hc. Di nia, thi knY dai thigt thd. Dén hey 6 minh, wit chue tuc 26 cha hai nite Ngo, viet. vi the, Ligu Ty Hau 6 ca the rings "ong lat Bach Vigt van thén dia" ‘nghia 1a cing ai £64 dat Bich Vist 1A xt nguoh vB minh. vw trot ong sot, dan ve tin & song, nén ho chéo a va 16: mate rat giol, ngay thuting kning 431 mi, ering tri vong had tay, ngod thi xep bling had chan. Yet kién bac tén truing thi quy xuong lay ba Ley. Mep Khéch thi aay tran cau. Tinh ve én dua, nin a nhiing vat auto, bién, Hey wong rugu, thiting wong qué 4, nén nett ey yeu. Nant gid dén nim micl tuoi thdhos di stu dich. Thing nam, tntde re ret hai ngdy, yue di xe ngy dung, cbc quan tiy ting du mic trigu phue hiu dgo tien, 6 din pe talen. Ngay 30 Tet, wa ngoi gitta ota Loan Cung, cfc bé toi deu dan 15, 16 roi,xem céecon hat mia trim yet. Tei 1x qua cung beng Nhén, bad yet T1én Wong. Dén ay doan thay tu vao nod lan 16 "Khu Na" (nghia 1 audi 8 ma qui mi). Dan gion thi md ci dot phéo tre, © bin tra rugu cting #8. Con trai congdi nha nghéo, khSng co ng mai dong dé én én 16, thi ty minh pho hop votnbau. Ughy Nguyn Dan, vao khoang canh nim, vue gi, trén aién Vinh Tho, eae ton ti (con chéu mh vus), cde quan cfm than tin 18 he trie, rot vao cungeung Tring Xun, vong béi cde lang +3. Budi sing edn, wa gel trén dign Thién 4m, cc phi tan sp 1dp ngot, ode quan trong noi ding 19 xf tride atén dnb thei cde ba. ca nhge trude dad dink. Con chdu rhé wus va W088 sip ping béi ha, ba Tan rot mfgu ding 1én. Kong, céc tan ti Jén dién chau va (2) Pham Viép, Héu Han Thu, quy2n 106, trang 869, cSt kL.ay yen. Cde quan ndi than ngoi tiéu dign phia Tay, cde quan ngosd than ngod hai bén ta hite vu, an tage, an trva lan ligt di ra, Cac ‘the kheo lam mot edi dbi “Ohing tién” had ting J tride dign, mgt Iie thi cdi abi ay 1am xong, vang ngoc sang choi. Vis ngoi an trén did ay, cde quan lam 16, trudesauchin lay, va chin tan rit roi gidi tan, Ngdy mong hai Tet, ede quan deu lam 16 riéng 3 nha. New mong ba Tet, ua god trén gfe vei Hing, xem cde tn tit va ofc quan noi. cung dé os bong (qd cau théu), he bat auge ma khong roi xuong dat 13 thing. ua bong lay gam ma lan, bing ndm tay dip v6, co tua deo long thong dén hai mci edi, (3). Mung nim Tet, We Khai ha, in yen xong thidéquan va din 18 cde chits miu va au ngoan cde vith hoa. Den nguyén tu (vimthéng giéng), trong nhiing iy den a gite san rong got 1a den "quang chiéu", thip dn nay ven ngon, sang ruc cd trén trod duct dat, thay tu di quanh tungkinh Phit, cde quan 11éu 16 bai, gol 1a “chu din", Thing hai lim mot ofs nhagot ii "Eudn pai”, ede con hét hoa trang 1am mid hal vi ttlin, mie hét tréndat. ua coi cdc tro tranh dua tritée San, va coi cac lie si va tre con au nhau, ai thang thi dige thiting. Cac céng hau thi cvdL nga mm anh tréi cau, quan hd thi danh c¥, dann vu bO (bai the), dé bong va thi dua ode tro choi khéc. (Nedy han thye thi ding bénh | cuén ting cho nhau. Ngiy wong Bon thang tit, cde ton tit va cac guan ean than hoi tad miéu (Son-than, tayén thé trung thanh vdi vua, knéng co chi a khéc. Mong tén thdng tu, mad twin hutong | va bech din hong, dan nude tim mia tung Phat va ding thi bénh giéy mA cting Pht. Taét Doan Duong (wong nm thang nim), lam céi nha ae ¢ } git séng, va ngoi coi dua thuyén. Neay Trung Yguyén, 1ép hod Vu-! Lan-Bon, 46 ciing *,s4Gu 48 cho nui chet, ton hoo bao nhiéu cling khéng tiéc. Trung Thu va Trango 12 nhiing ngdy mi ede nhd quy t3¢ uuong rugu, ngén thd, dso xem phong eénh. Ngby mong | nt thang mitt (autong nguyét), cO _truing, bay | hao-soan a oting ong ba, goi 1a cing “tien tan" (com nd) , one cdc quen 3 1iéu di xem eat iia, san bn cho vai. Bén théng chap led cing Sng ba nwt trén, Theo gia 1, ngay lap muan di du.xuan, khién ede tén'truing gide trdu dat, xong rei, edo quan lai giét hoa vao dou a vao dai ndi dy tage. 16 non this trong théng 2uan neue Lam moi bung trdp can tréu den hb edi hoi. Kong, tng ¥ vit ding etd tit tram dén_ ngan. Thing dan thi 16 oud tdi gid tram 1a ab 86. C6 nha va ehugng 16 neha thi khéng ké 65 tin cia it nhigu. cdch dé tang, nha oita,dd ding, hoi ging Trung quoc. (3) Ney & cdc chau Trtong Du, dén ngay mong ba Tet, con tuc choi. ay, god la @anh tréi bing (chu thich noi trang 46, annan chi luge, ban dich cba ign Dai Hoc Hue, 1961). -31e(ni: od tht trong “phan si" (trong ca), Reuyen nhac ki cua chiém thinh, kiéu tron va dai, nghion oom, bit hai diu, of gidfa nat ma v6 toi keu (taéng trong ma rd rang, hop voi ong ken, thep ita, edi xép xba,cd4 trong 1én, got 1a aai nce, chd vua mdi dice ding, cdo tén that, gud quan 6 gap 16 dam chay cém cdi mdi cho > dling dai nhee. Con din cém, aan tranh, ty ba, dan that huyén, dan song hnyén, ong dich, ng séo, ken va quyén, thi gol 1A tigu nhac, khong ky sang hen, ai cing ding digo. cdo bal khilo nh Nen Thién Nhec, Ngoc Lau Xuén, Lap Thanh Du, Méng Du Tin, canh Léu Triting, khong 1 the chep. het. Ho&e dung tho ngt Am thi pha pho vo | an nhee ,d8 tdén ca ngam, cdc bai nhac déu goi duce moi tink hoan lac va siu odn, ay 1A tuc eta nguoi an nem vay." (4). Trong cde sch oli bing chit Hin, mot 9 séch cung cap nhiGu ti 1460 qui ve phong tuc ta ngby xva 18 bé Lich TriSu Hign Chitong Loai chi ebePhan huy Cha (soan knoding true 1821). BO nay gon uy quyen, chia lan 10 phan: Dia az chi, whan vét ch!, Quan chife chi, 18 nghi chi, Khoa mye chf, _auee tung oni, Hanh anit ond, Binh ché chi, Van tich chi, Bang giso ehf. Tat of Phép t&c tue 16 cdc orteu vue th @éu oho tdi nh Nguyen Gi aitge ghd chép Lai trong b8 nay. 08 06 not ¥ nigm ve ode Phong tye di phén chiéu trong b6 @y, ngwdi ta cd thd lin we bat et not dogn 1 nao trong phan Lenght chi. Chang han nh hai doan noi e é té trai dat 2 16 séch lap hoang hau =o trong quyén XXI (tite 1A quyén IZ trong phin Lé nghi chf) “Ly anh Téng, nam Thigu minh thi 15 (1153) théng 9, dip dan Vién Khau (5). X6t+ Séch Qhu 18 chép: Nady ding chi +2 Tro 3 dan Vien eae ngay ha chi te Dat 9 din Phuchg trach (6), day wi vitcng gig, Tit dt Han _Dotting ve sau, khi thi te chung,tns thi te riéng. Le te Ciao og nitde vast ta, 20ta kia con thiéu sdt, tén Vién khéu dén day mot thay, con 16 8 3 ain Phuong trach thi khong thay 3 noi den, khong bist cd phat a cting theo wb xa té bach riéng ma sil bd sot khdng chép, hay la hop te of Tr¥i Dat mi got chung 14 vién Khéu. BOL vey khong thd khdo- eta vao déu dice. (4) arinam chi-ludc, Lé T&e, Vién Dad Hoo Hus, by ban phién dich sit ligu Vist Nam, 1961, tt.45-L8. (5) Vién khdu: ban gidng cdi gd tron dé t6 Troi. (6) Plntong trach: dan wudng dé té Dat. 32+wha Nbudn Ho, Han Thuichg, nam Thiew Thanh thi 3 (1403), théng 8, aap dan Giao g on \ son, Lam | 1 te Giso, dai x8 cho toh han. Neay hom ay Han ‘Thitong gos kigu Long vii ‘a, do ote nan di ra, cung van va cae quan ew tht bye theo hiu, mi do ola cin ba kén (chong mgt bye, neu bin thin 18 qui nién thi khong kém chong. Theo 16 cil, cf 3 nam mot Tan dad 2, ya aged xe thé pink, vende g6 1am ede hinh 10 ngvet t2n, nic do wo cin od at dan ating a tnide, hotle eu thuyén nho 9 ho Chu tu6e, kéo thuyén bling iy gam; 2 nan din trung 18, vua ngdi ngai chan béch cm, hing nin lin t4¢u 16, va aged ngai mho, Cae quan theo hau rat dng. Thi Tran che ting lin 18, dén Hin Thuong noi lim, Xhi hien tude (dang rvdu),tay run, rig do xuong dat «rod thot: gS ‘go Phong néiz "Tir nha Trin v8 trio, Khéng lim 18 Ciao te Troi, 18 y vin vit thiéu sot nhitu vay. Hin Thtong WB ke gian th cudp ngdi, 880 led 06 the thy trét tye? Huong chi led dem wb Thin tam (7) & Bio giao 1 ma lan 9 Nj giao, bit vd cae quen nic phan Phyo di theo, the chil 1a hot mot on ba trong 18, khéng co ke ctu gl of, rat 1a qué mia. Tit sata nhing ké lin +61 t1@m loan lay vide 16 Gino lim 18 In, bay ra 10 bo thanh dung ric ro a8 Khoe khong we dep, thuttng thutting gp tat bién bat than thi let phig thot, khong Lim @itge tron 18 nut Hén Thong nay cling nhiéu. Kinh Thi cd néis eds cao Yong 1Gng, soi xudng rat v6 rang", lai node "Trot van soi xét dan ngvol, ng chd od @ hed long", dit. trol co xa dau ! Xét: Theo sdch Chu 16, Vién khau got qa Nan giao, Fhuong trach got 18 Bae giao, whi lan ant 16 Oat noi ay, vua, phad trad gid inh can gen %, co cac quan theo hea, cht khéng thy nét_dén phi tan va vo céc quan ditge cht vac day. Duy 6 thang nuoi _ tin, holing hu than dén trong nomnha. nha nui tim, Thign "Te nghia" trong Kinh. 16 noi: "Lic mong sing, vue dO4 mi bing da, mic do ged moc, bod xem nhiing phu nhén thé phy (8) trong ba cung, ngudi ndo dude tot, gho swao nudt tim ¢ nha tin". Thién NguySt 1énh" trong Kinh 18 noir "Kht no ‘vige mudi tim xong thi holing héu dang to ken lén, mdi thu thus ken". DO 1A vige thing 3 thang h, mi lam trong (7) Theo Chu18, otf dén thang 3 am lich, hoang hau 1am 26 Thin tam, tu wdnh coi viée chan tim. . (8) Phu nhan: thicp cua vua. - The phu: nif quan trong cung. =33-