GE 8 ETHICS

COURSE ORIENTATION
BSNED 2A & BTVTED 2A
2nd Semester, S.Y. 2023-2024

Vincent Marion D. Oro – Instructor

 01
WHAT IS ETHICS?
All About Ethics
CONTENT OUTLINE
and TIMEFRAME
What are we going to study?
Moral versus Non-moral
Standards
Moral Dilemmas
Foundation of morality
I. Introduction to the key concepts
 Culture in moral behavior
Developing virtue as a habit

II. The Moral Agent

Feelings and Moral Decision-making
Reasons and Impartiality as
Minimum Requirements for Morality

III. The Act

Developing the will

IV. Moral Courage

 Virtue Ethics
Kant and Rights
Utilitarianism
Justice and Fairness
V. Frameworks and Principles
Globalization and pluralism
The role of religion in Ethics

VI. Ethics through Thick and Thin, Ethic and Religion

GRADING
SYSTEM
And other performance evaluation
 Attendance – 10%
Quizzes – 20%
Presentation/Project – 20%
Class Participation – 20%
Examination – 30%
TOTAL –100%
SorSU Vision,
Mission, Goals,
and Objectives
And Quality Policy
 VISION

A research university with a

culture of Excellence in
developing globally competitive
and values-oriented leaders and
professionals.
 MISSION

To provide research-based
quality education, innovations,
and collaborative extension
services for sustainable national
and international development.
 CORE VALUES

H – Humility
E – Excellence
A – Accountability
R – Resiliency
T – Trustworthiness
FOR ACADEMIC CONSULTATION:

Schedule: MONDAY (8:30 – 10:30 a.m.)

Where: COTEDM Faculty
Instructor: VINCENT MARION D. ORO
CP No.: 0947 803 4229
Email: oro.vincentmarion@sorsu.edu.ph
Facebook: Vincent Marion Damian Oro
 Dilemma #1

The mission of a Grace Catholic

School is to serve the poor by giving
quality education. It is torn between
the obligation to charge low tuition
fee to help the poor and to pay better
salaries to keep quality teachers.
 Dilemma #2
Heinz’s wife is dying from a particular type of cancer. Doctor
said a new drug might save her. The drug had been discovered
by a local chemist, and Heinz tried desperately to buy some, but
the chemist was charging ten times the money it cost to make
the drug, and this was much more than Heinz could afford.
Heinz could only raise half the money, even after help from
family and friends. He explained to the chemist that his wife was
dying and asked if he could have the drug cheaper or pay the
rest of the money later. The chemist refused, saying that he had
discovered the drug and was going to make money from it. The
husband was desperate to save his wife, so later that night he
broke into the chemist’s laboratory and stole the drug.
 Dilemma #3

The principal ought to welcome and encourage parents and

community participation in school affairs. Based on her
experience, parents and community are passive and so the
principal always ends up deciding and doing things just the
same. She is obliged to observe parents’ and community
participation which do not give any input at all at the same time
she is obliged to accomplish things on time.
The Three
Levels of Moral
Dilemmas
GE 8 Ethics
 INDIVIDUAL

Conflict arrives when a person is asked to choose

between two important values for him or her for example,
choosing between one’s duties to his or her family and
one’s love for another person. This refers also to
personal dilemmas. It is an individual’s damn-if-you-do
and damn-if-you-don’t situation. The second case in the
readings is one of the best known individual dilemma
presented by Kohlberg (1958).
 INDIVIDUAL

Kohlberg’s dilemma question were as follows: “Should

Heinz have stolen the drug?” If he did not steal the drug
that would mean his wife’s death, He was torn between
stealing the drug and saving his wife. The dilemma is
faced by an individual who is torn between two obligation
– to save the wife or obey the law.
 ORGANIZATIONAL

Encountered by institutions, business, or organizations

in their decision-making process, at this level the
dilemmas that the organizations’ experiences usually
affect more than one person and they can be part of the
internal group or part of an external stakeholder.
Organizational dilemma is a puzzle posed by the dual
necessities of a social organization and members’ self-
interest. It may exist between personal interests and
organizational welfare or between group interest and
organizational well-being.
 ORGANIZATIONAL

The example number 1 in the readings shows the

dilemma between the goal of the school to give quality
education for the poor and so must charge the lowest
tuition fee possible and yet to keep quality faculty the
school must raise their salary and consequently, must
raise tuition. Organizational dilemmas may also in
business, medical and public sector
 STRUCTURAL

Affect a network of institutions and operative theoretical

paradigms like universal care, juvenile laws, and
immigration. This type of dilemma can affect a
community and even a society at large. The case of the
principal whether to be participatory or non-participatory
in school affairs nut due to her not so Favorite experience
of attempting to be participatory ended up to one-woman
rule is an example of structural dilemma.
 Differentiation VS Integration

This happens because different divisions have their own

different culture and so coordination between divisions or
bringing them together for become more difficult. With
decentralization, local government have become more
empowered to direct their affairs just as schools have become
empowered to addressed their problems or are given
opportunity to localize the given curriculum. In effect, local
government and school have likewise become ore differentiated
and so it become more difficult to integrate them for a unified
structure.
 Gap VS Overlap

There may be gaps and overlaps in roles and responsibilities. If

key responsibilities are not clearly assigned, there may be gaps
or overlaps in important tasks. If there are gaps, organization
ends up with no one doing the responsibility. If there are
overlaps, things become unclear and may lead to more
confusion and even conflict and worse wasted effort and
perhaps even resources because of the unintended overlap.
 Lack of Clarity VS Lack of Creativity

If employees are unclear what they are supposed to do, they

often tailor their roles around personal preferences instead of
system wide goals, frequently leading to trouble.
 Flexibility VS Strict Adherence to Rules

This happens if you accommodate by bending rules to help

someone or you stick strictly to rules no matter what and so
unable to help someone who is thrown into helpless situation.
Or you may become too accommodating that all rules are no
more.
HOW CAN WE SOLVE MORAL
DILEMMAS?
1. MORAL DILEMMAS DO NOT
EXIST… AT ALL.
2. GREATER GOOD, LESSER
EVIL