KHADIJA BHAROT

2204002
EDITING AND PROOFREADING
M.A. SEM - III

CONJUCTION
MEANING
Aword used to connect clauses or sentences or to
coordinate words in the same clause

Simple sentence:
I like cooking. I like eating. I don’t like washing
dishes afterward.

Example of Conjuction:
I like cooking and eating, but I don’t like
washing dishes afterward.
TYPES OF CONJUNCTION:
Coordinating Conjunction
Subordinating Conjunction
Correlative Conjunction
Conjunctive Adverbs
COORDINATING
CONJUNCTION
A conjunction that connects words, phrases, and clauses that
are independent, or equal to each other.
There are seven coordinating conjunctions: for, and, nor, but,
or, yet, so. They can be remembered using the acronym
FANBOYS.
Notice the use of the comma when a coordinating conjunction
is joining two independent clauses.
F
FOR - It is used to sight a reason or purpose. Example: I
bought a new bag for my upcoming trip.

A
AND - It connects or adds one thing to another. Example: I
love both apples and bananas.
NOR - It is used to indicate a negative idea to an already existing
N negative idea. Example: Neither the white dress nor the
yellow one looks good on me.

B
BUT - It is used to show a contrast between two items or ideas.
Example: I wanted to go for a hike but I have to go to work
today.

O OR - It is used to present an alternative to an already present

positive idea. Example: Would you like tea or coffee?.

Y YET - It is used to introduce an idea that adds something to a

previous idea and is usually contrasting with it. Example: I

S
practice daily yet I couldn’t put up a good show yesterday.
SO - It is a conjunction that is used to indicate the effect or result
of an occurrence. Example: Both parents worked hard so that
their children could study in good schools.
SUBORDINATING
CONJUNCTION
A subordinating conjunction is a word or phrase that links a
dependent clause to an independent clause.
The clause beginning with the subordinating conjunction is
always the subordinate clause, which depends on the main
clause and cannot exist without it.
The use of coma:
Example -
I was not able to go to the hospital because it was raining heavily.
While I was walking across the street, I saw that the shops were
closed.
SUBORDINATING CONJUNCTIONS
SHOWING CAUSE AND EFFECT
Because is a conjunction with just one purpose: to show a cause-and-effect
relationship between a subordinate clause and a main clause.
Example - Robin wasn’t allowed in the Batmobile any longer because he
wouldn’t wear a seat belt.

Other subordinating conjunctions that can show cause-and-effect

relationships and function in the same way are for, as, since, though, due to,
provided that, because of, unless, and so/so that.
 SUBORDINATING CONJUNCTIONS
SIGNALING RELATIONSHIPS OF TIME OR
PLACE
Another function of subordinating conjunctions is to show a relationship
between two clauses involving a transition of time or place. Some examples
of such subordinating conjunctions are once, while, when, whenever, where,
wherever, before, and after.
Example -
Before he leaves, make sure his room is clean.
Robin looked regretfully at the Batmobile whenever he passed it in
the Batcave
LIST OF SUBORDINATING CONJUNCTIONS
after even if since
where
although even though so
whereas
as whether or not supposing
wherever
as if in case than
while
as long as in order that that
if
as much as in the event that though
only
as soon as lest till
as though now that unless
because once until
before only if when
by the time provided that whenever
CORRELATIVE CONJUNCTIONS
Correlative conjunctions are pairs of conjunctions that work together. Some
examples are either/or, neither/nor, and not only/but also.
Example:
Not only am I finished studying for English, but I’m also finished
writing my history essay.
We can go to either Kashmir or Kerela for our picnic.

Other correlative conjunctions are whether/or, no sooner/than.

Usually do not use a comma with correlative conjunctions.

 CONJUNCTIVE ADVERB
A conjunctive adverb is an adverb (e.g., alternatively, moreover) or adverb
phrase (e.g., as a result, on the other hand) that connects the ideas in
different independent clauses or sentences.

Conjunctive adverbs can show a variety of relationships, with different

words representing different types of connections
Example:
Conjunctive adverbs can show a variety of relationships, with different
words representing different types of connections.
You made your bed; now, you must lie in it.
USES OF CONJUNCTIVE ADVERBS
to show contradictions (however, on the other hand)
to continue the same point (additionally, moreover)
to introduce examples (for example, for instance)
to show cause and effect (consequently, as a result)
to add emphasis (in fact, certainly)
to show a time relationship (meanwhile, now)
to organize a sequence or list (next, finally)
THANK YOU