The Princess and the Frog

The Princess and the Frog is a 2009 American animated musical

The Princess and the Frog
romantic fantasy comedy film produced by Walt Disney
Animation Studios and released by Walt Disney Pictures. It is
inspired in part by the 2002 novel The Frog Princess by E. D.
Baker, which in turn is based on the German folk tale "The Frog
Prince" as collected by the Brothers Grimm. The film was
directed by John Musker and Ron Clements and produced by
Peter Del Vecho, from a screenplay that Clements and Musker
co-wrote with Rob Edwards. The directors also co-wrote the
story with the writing team of Greg Erb and Jason Oremland. The
film stars the voices of Anika Noni Rose, Bruno Campos,
Michael-Leon Wooley, Jim Cummings, Jennifer Cody, John
Goodman, Keith David, Peter Bartlett, Jenifer Lewis, Oprah
Winfrey, and Terrence Howard. Set in New Orleans during the
1920s, the film tells the story of a hardworking waitress named
Tiana who dreams of opening her own restaurant. After kissing a
prince who has been turned into a frog by an evil voodoo witch
doctor, Tiana becomes a frog herself and must find a way to turn Theatrical release poster
back into a human before it is too late. Directed by John Musker

The Princess and the Frog began production in July 2006, under Ron Clements
the working title The Frog Princess. It marked Disney's brief Screenplay by Ron Clements
return to traditional animation, as it was the mainstream animation John Musker
studio's first traditionally animated film since Home on the Range
Rob Edwards
(2004). Musker and Clements, directors of Disney's The Great
Mouse Detective (1986), The Little Mermaid (1989), Aladdin Story by Ron Clements
(1992), Hercules (1997), and Treasure Planet (2002) returned to John Musker
Disney to direct The Princess and the Frog. The studio returned Greg Erb
to a Broadway musical-style format frequently used during the Jason Oremland
Disney Renaissance, and the film features a score and songs
composed and conducted by Randy Newman, well known for his Based on The Frog Princess
musical involvement in Pixar films such as the Toy Story by E. D. Baker
franchise. "The Frog Prince"
by Brothers Grimm
The Princess and the Frog premiered at the Roy E. Disney
Produced by Peter Del Vecho
Animation Building on the Walt Disney Studios lot in Burbank
on November 15, 2009, and first opened in a limited release in Starring Anika Noni Rose
New York City and Los Angeles on November 25, followed by Bruno Campos
its wide release on December 11. The film received largely Keith David
positive reviews from critics, who praised the animation Michael-Leon
(particularly the revival of the hand-drawn form), characters, Wooley
music, voice acting (particularly David's), and themes; however, it
was criticized for its depiction of Louisiana Voodoo and alleged Jim Cummings
historical negationism of its depiction of the Southern United Jennifer Cody
States during the Jim Crow era. It was a qualified success at the Peter Bartlett
box office: it somewhat underperformed Disney's targets yet
Jenifer Lewis
finished in first place in North America on its opening weekend
and grossed around $271 million worldwide (becoming, in the Oprah Winfrey
process, Disney’s most successful traditionally animated film Terrence Howard
since Lilo & Stitch in 2002). It received three Oscar nominations John Goodman
at the 82nd Academy Awards: one for Best Animated Feature and
Edited by Jeff Draheim
two for Best Original Song.[4]
Music by Randy Newman
Production
Plot companies
Walt Disney
Pictures
In New Orleans during the Roaring Twenties, Tiana is devoted to Walt Disney
opening her own restaurant, a dream she shared with her late Animation Studios
father. She works two waitress jobs to save enough money for her
Distributed by Walt Disney Studios
own restaurant, leaving her no time for a social life. In early 1926,
Motion Pictures
Naveen, the arrogant prince of Maldonia, arrives in New Orleans.
His parents have cut him off from the family fortune, so he Release dates November 25, 2009
intends to marry Charlotte La Bouff, Tiana's best friend. In order (Los Angeles and
to convince her to marry Naveen, Charlotte's father, wealthy Eli New York City)
"Big Daddy" La Bouff, hosts a masquerade ball in Naveen's December 11, 2009
honor, for which Charlotte hires Tiana to make beignets, paying (United States)
her enough to buy a dilapidated mill to convert into her dream
Running time 97 minutes[1]
restaurant. Naveen and his valet, Lawrence, encounter Dr.
Country United States
Facilier, an evil and powerful voodoo witch doctor who plans to
rule New Orleans. Facilier transforms Naveen into a frog and Language English
transforms Lawrence into Naveen's doppelganger, using a Budget $105 million[2]
voodoo talisman containing Naveen's blood. Facilier intends for Box office $271 million[1][3]
the disguised Lawrence to marry Charlotte, then to kill her father
with a voodoo doll so he can gain the La Bouff fortune.

At the ball, Tiana learns she has been outbid for the mill; she becomes despondent. Tiana then meets
Naveen in frog form. Believing Tiana is a princess, Naveen asks for her to kiss him to break Facilier's spell.
Tiana reluctantly agrees after Naveen promises to finance her restaurant. However, because Tiana is not a
princess, she is transformed into a frog as well. The two are chased into a nearby bayou, where they meet
an alligator named Louis. After informing Louis they are actually humans under a voodoo spell, he tells
them of Mama Odie, another voodoo practitioner who lives in the bayou. Naveen manipulates Louis into
taking him and Tiana to see Mama Odie.

However, Louis does not know the way to Mama Odie; a Cajun firefly named Ray, who knows Mama
Odie, helps the three. During the journey, Tiana and Naveen begin developing feelings for each other,
especially after Naveen learns to be more responsible. Meanwhile, the talisman disguising Lawrence as
Naveen begins faltering; it needs a steady supply of Naveen's blood to function. Facilier asks his "friends
on the other side" (a legion of voodoo spirits) to help retrieve Naveen, and they grant him an army of
shadow demons to do his bidding. The demons discover Tiana and her group in the bayou; Mama Odie
rescues the group.
Mama Odie tells Naveen the spell can only be broken with a princess's kiss. Tiana realizes that since Big
Daddy has been crowned Mardi Gras king, Charlotte will be a princess until midnight. The group hitches a
ride on a paddle steamer back to New Orleans, during which Naveen tells Ray about his love for Tiana and
plans to propose marriage to her. After talking to Tiana, Naveen selflessly decides against proposing, since
transforming him and Tiana into humans and financing Tiana's restaurant is contingent on him kissing and
marrying Charlotte. The shadow demons capture Naveen and bring him to Facilier, who uses his blood to
replenish the talisman. After Ray tells Tiana of Naveen's love for her, Tiana heads to the Mardi Gras parade
to find Naveen, only to see the disguised Lawrence marrying Charlotte. Heartbroken, Tiana flees the scene.

Ray rescues the real Naveen and steals the talisman, which he gives to Tiana before Facilier mortally
wounds him. Facilier offers to make Tiana's dream come true in exchange for the talisman. Realizing that
she would be dishonoring her father by accepting, Tiana destroys the talisman. With Facilier's plan foiled,
the voodoo spirits drag him into their world for failing to pay back his debt. After Lawrence is arrested,
Tiana reveals her love to Naveen. Charlotte is moved by this and agrees to kiss Naveen so he and Tiana can
be human together, but as the clock strikes midnight, Charlotte is no longer a princess, so Tiana and Naveen
remain frogs. Ray dies shortly thereafter and is reincarnated as a star. Tiana and Naveen are married by
Mama Odie, and since doing so makes Tiana a princess, both are restored to human form. They later return
to New Orleans to legally marry and open Tiana's restaurant.

Voice cast
Anika Noni Rose as Tiana, an African American 19-year-old waitress and aspiring chef /
restaurateur. She is an intelligent, hardworking, and independent young woman but works so
hard that she often forgets about other things in life such as love, fun, and family.[5] Mark
Henn was the supervising animator for Tiana.
Bruno Campos as Prince Naveen, the prince of Maldonia. Naveen is a 20-year-old musician
and playboy who has been cut off from his family's riches until he learns the value of
responsibility. Randy Haycock served as the supervising animator of Naveen in both human
and frog form.[6]
Keith David as Dr. Facilier, also known as the Shadow
Man, a voodoo bokor (witch doctor) who plans to rule
New Orleans with help from his "friends on the other
side" and the major antagonist of the film. He is depicted
in the image of Baron Samedi and/or Ghede Nibo
wearing a tailcoat and top hat. Bruce W. Smith,
supervising animator of Doctor Facilier, referred to the
character as the "lovechild" of Cruella de Vil from One
Hundred and One Dalmatians (1961) and Captain Hook
from Peter Pan (1953).[7] Smith was nominated for the
Annie Award for Character Animation in a Feature
Production for his work.[8]
Michael-Leon Wooley as Louis, a friendly yet neurotic
trumpet-playing alligator whose dream is to join a jazz
band. His name comes from the famous jazz artist and
trumpeter, Louis Armstrong. Terence Blanchard did the Dr. Facilier as performed by a cast
trumpet playing for Louis. Eric Goldberg, the supervising member at Disneyland (Oct 2016)
animator of Louis and other miscellaneous characters,[6]
won the Annie Award for Character Animation in a
Feature Production for his work on the film.[8]
 Jennifer Cody as Charlotte "Lottie" La Bouff, a 19-year-old wealthy European-American
débutante and Tiana's best friend since childhood who dreams of marrying a prince. Though
she is initially spoiled and self-centered, she has a heart of gold and cares deeply for Tiana's
well-being, going as far as giving up her chance to be a princess when she sees that Prince
Naveen and Tiana are truly in love. Nik Ranieri served as the supervising animator of
Charlotte as an adult and child.[6] Jennifer Cody won the Annie Award for Voice Acting in a
Feature Production for her performance.[8]
Jim Cummings as Ray, a middle aged Cajun firefly. He and his vast family are close friends
with Mama Odie, so he offers to help the frogs get to her. Ray has an unrequited love for the
Evening Star, which he believes is another firefly named "Evangeline" (a reference to the
19th-century Longfellow poem).[9] Mike Surrey was the supervising animator for Ray. Ray's
name comes from the blind pianist Ray Charles.[6]
Peter Bartlett as Lawrence, Prince Naveen's valet, whom Dr. Facilier recruits as a partner in
his scheme by transforming him to look like Naveen using a blood charm. Anthony DeRosa
was the supervising animator for the Lawrence character, whose design was influenced by
the Mr. Smee character from Peter Pan.[9]
Jenifer Lewis as Mama Odie, a blind, 197-year-old voodoo priestess, who serves as the
film's "Fairy Godmother figure". Andreas Deja was the supervising animator for both Mama
Odie and her pet snake, Juju, and was nominated for the Annie Award for Character
Animation in a Feature Production.[8][10]
Oprah Winfrey as Eudora, Tiana's mother, who wants to see her happy and worries that
Tiana focuses too much on her dream of owning a restaurant.[11] Ruben A. Aquino animated
both Eudora and her husband, James.[6]
Terrence Howard as James, Tiana's father, who helped instill a strong work ethic in Tiana
John Goodman as Eli "Big Daddy" La Bouff, a very wealthy Southern sugar mill owner and
father of Charlotte La Bouff. While he spoils Charlotte with everything she asks for, he is a
loving and generous man and loves Tiana's cooking. Duncan Marjoribanks was the
supervising animator for La Bouff.[6]
Ritchie Montgomery, Don Hall, and Paul Briggs as Reggie, Darnell, and Two-Fingers, three
bumbling frog hunters who try to catch Tiana and Naveen as frogs. Their resemblance to The
Three Stooges has been noted.
Corey Burton and Jerry Kernion as the Fenner Brothers, two antagonistic real estate agents
who eventually sell Tiana the sugar mill under duress after initially refusing because
someone else was offering to pay for it in cash and because they believed Tiana could not
manage it because of her "background".[12]
Kevin Michael Richardson and Emeril Lagasse as Ian and Marlon, two of a congregation of
wild and hot-tempered alligators who try to eat Tiana and Naveen as frogs

Production

Early development
Disney had once announced that 2004's Home on the Range would be their last traditionally animated film.
After the company's acquisition of Pixar in 2006, Ed Catmull and John Lasseter, the new president and
chief creative officer of Disney Animation Studios, reversed this decision and reinstated hand-drawn
animation at the studio.[13][14] Many animators who had either been laid off or had left the studio when the
traditional animation units were dissolved in 2003 were located and re-hired for the project.[15] Lasseter
also brought back directors Ron Clements and John Musker, whose earlier works include The Great Mouse
Detective (1986), The Little Mermaid (1989), Aladdin (1992), Hercules (1997), and Treasure Planet
(2002).[16][17] The duo had left the company in 2005, but Lasseter requested their return to Disney to direct
and write the film and had let them choose the style of animation (traditional or CGI) they wanted to use.[9]

The film's story began development by merging two projects in development at Disney and Pixar at the
time, both based around "The Frog Prince" fairy tale.[9][15] One of the projects was based on E. D. Baker's
The Frog Princess, in which the story's heroine (Princess Emma) kisses a prince turned frog (Prince
Eadric), only to become a frog herself.[15] The other was based on Ralph Eggleston's pitch of The Frog
Prince set in gangster-era Chicago.[18] Jorgen Klubien separately claimed that a story he was developing at
Pixar tentatively titled The Spirit of New Orleans served as inspiration for the film.[19] The Princess and the
Frog returns to the musical film format used in many of the previously successful Disney animated films,
with a style Musker and Clements declared, like with Aladdin and The Little Mermaid, had inspiration from
Golden Age Disney features such as Cinderella (1950).[20]

Musker and Clements thought that given so many fairy tales were set in Europe, they could do an American
fairy tale.[20] They stated that they chose New Orleans as a tribute to the history of the city, for its "magical"
qualities, and because it was Lasseter's favorite city.[9][21] The directors spent ten days in Louisiana before
starting to write the film.[20]

The Princess and the Frog was originally announced as The Frog Princess in July 2006,[13] and early
concepts and songs were presented to the public at Anchor Bay Entertainment's annual shareholders'
meeting in March 2007.[22] These announcements drew criticism from African-American media outlets,
due to elements of the Frog Princess story, characters, and settings considered distasteful.[23][24] African-
American critics disapproved of the original name for the heroine, "Maddy", due to its similarity to the
derogatory word term "mammy".[23] Also protested were Maddy's original career as a chambermaid,[24] the
choice to have the Black heroine's love interest be a non-Black prince,[23] and the use of a Black male
voodoo witchdoctor as the film's villain.[23] The Frog Princess title was also thought by critics to be a slur
on French people.[25] Also questioned was the film's setting of New Orleans, which had been heavily
damaged by Hurricane Katrina in 2005, resulting in the expulsion of a large number of mostly Black
residents.[26] Critics claimed the choice of New Orleans as the setting for a Disney film with a Black
heroine was an affront to the Katrina victims' plight.[23][26]

In response to these early criticisms, the film's title was changed in May 2007 from The Frog Princess to
The Princess and the Frog. The name "Maddy" was changed to "Tiana",[25][27] and the character's
occupation was altered from chambermaid to waitress.[23] Talk show host Oprah Winfrey was hired as a
technical consultant for the film, leading to her taking a voice-acting role in the film as Tiana's mother,
Eudora.[9]

Writing and themes

The head of story, Don Hall, described the plot as a fairy tale "twisted enough that it seems new and fresh",
with a kingdom that is a modern city, a handsome prince that is a "knuckleheaded playboy" and a variation
on the fairy godmother with Mama Odie. Co-writer Rob Edwards also said The Princess and the Frog was
"a princess movie for people who don't like princess movies". As the writers thought Tiana's character
motivation of simply dreaming of having her own restaurant was not appealing enough, they expanded so it
was her father's as well, with the extra philosophy of "food bringing people together from all walks of life".
Musker and Clements stated that while Tiana already starts as a sympathetic character, the events of the plot
make her "understand things in a deeper level" and change people around her. Both protagonists would
learn from each other—Naveen to take responsibilities, Tiana to enjoy life—as well as figuring from Ray's
passion for Evangeline that the perfect balance is brought by having someone you love to share the
experience.[20] Tiana became the first African-American Disney Princess.[28][29]

Tiana was inspired in part by famed restaurateur Leah Chase, whom Clements and Musker met on their
research trip to New Orleans.[30] Clements elaborated, "There's a woman in New Orleans named Lee (sic)
Chase who was a waitress and ultimately opened a restaurant with her husband … we met with her and we
talked with her and she went to kind of into her story, her philosophy about food, which is a big element of
the movie."[31]

Voice cast
On December 1, 2006, a detailed casting call was announced for the
film at the Manhattan Theatre Source forum.[32] The casting call states
the film as being an American fairy tale musical set in New Orleans
during the 1926 Jazz Age and provides a detailed list of the film's
major characters.[14]

In February 2007, it was reported that Dreamgirls actresses Jennifer

Hudson and Anika Noni Rose were top contenders for the voice of
Tiana and that Alicia Keys directly contacted then-Walt Disney Studios
chairman Dick Cook about voicing the role.[33] It was later reported
that Tyra Banks was being considered for the role.[34] By April 2007,
it was confirmed that Rose would be voicing Tiana.[35] Three months
later, it was reported that Keith David was cast as Doctor Facilier, the
villain of the film.[36] Anika Noni Rose voices Tiana.

Animation and design

Clements and Musker had agreed early on that the style they were aiming for was primarily that of Lady
and the Tramp (1955), a film which they and John Lasseter feel represents "the pinnacle of Disney's
style".[37] "After that, everything started becoming more stylized, like Sleeping Beauty, 101 Dalmatians—
which are fantastic films as well, but there's a particular style (to Lady and the Tramp) that's so classically
Disney."[38] Lady and the Tramp also heavily informed the style of the New Orleans scenes, while
Disney's Bambi (1942) served as the template for the bayou scenes.[37] Bambi was described as a stylistic
reference for the painted backgrounds, as according to art director Ian Gooding "Bambi painted what it
feels like to be in the forest instead of the forest" so The Princess and the Frog would in turn try capturing
the essence of roaming through New Orleans.[20]

The former trend in Disney's hand-drawn features where the characters and cinematography were
influenced by a CGI-look had been abandoned. Andreas Deja, a veteran Disney animator who supervised
the character of Mama Odie, says "I always thought that maybe we should distinguish ourselves to go back
to what 2D is good at, which is focusing on what the line can do rather than volume, which is a CG kind of
thing. So we are doing less extravagant Treasure Planet kind of treatments. You have to create a world but
[we're doing it more simply]. What we're trying to do with Princess and the Frog is hook up with things
that the old guys did earlier. It's not going to be graphic...".[39] Deja also mentioned that Lasseter was
aiming for the Disney sculptural and dimensional look of the 1950s: "All those things that were non-
graphic, which means go easy on the straight lines and have one volume flow into the other—an organic
feel to the drawing."[39] Lasseter also felt that traditional animation created more character believability.[40]
For example, with Louis the alligator, created by Eric Goldberg, Lasseter said: "It's the believability of this
large character being able to move around quite like that."[40] Choreographer Betsy Baytos was brought by
the directors to lead a team of eccentric dancers that gave reference to make each character a different style
of movement. The character design tried to create beautiful drawings through subtle shapes, particularly for
most characters being human. For the frog versions of Tiana and Naveen, while the animators started with
realistic designs, they eventually went for stylized designs "removing all that is unappealing in frogs",
similar to Jiminy Cricket in Pinocchio (1940).[20]

Toon Boom Animation's Toon Boom Harmony computer software was used as the main software package
for the production of the film, as the Computer Animation Production System (CAPS) system that Disney
developed with Pixar in the 1980s for use on their previous traditionally animated films had become now
outdated by 2004.[41] The Harmony software was augmented with a number of plug-ins to provide CAPS-
like effects such as shading on cheeks and smoke effects.[10][39] The reinstated traditional unit's first
production, a 2007 Goofy cartoon short entitled How to Hook Up Your Home Theater, was partly animated
without paper by using Harmony and Wacom Cintiq pressure-sensitive tablets. The character animators
found some difficulty with this approach, and decided to use traditional paper and pencil drawings, which
were then scanned into the computer systems, for The Princess and the Frog.[10]

The one exception to the new Toon Boom Harmony pipeline was the "Almost There" dream sequence,
which utilized an Art Deco graphic style based on the art of Harlem Renaissance painter Aaron
Douglas.[42] Supervised by Eric Goldberg and designed by Sue Nichols,[43] the "Almost There"
sequence's character animation was done on paper without going through the clean-up animation
department,[9] and scanned directly into Photoshop. The artwork was then enhanced to affect the
appearance of painted strokes and fills, and combined with backgrounds, using Adobe After Effects.[7][10]

The visual effects and backgrounds for the film were created digitally using Cintiq tablet displays.[10][44]
Marlon West, one of Disney's veteran animation visual effects supervisors, says about the production;
"Those guys had this bright idea to bring back hand-drawn animation, but everything had to be started
again from the ground up. One of the first things we did was focus on producing shorts, to help us re-
introduce the 2D pipeline. I worked as vfx supervisor on the Goofy short, How to Hook Up Your Home
Theater. It was a real plus for the effects department, so we went paperless for The Princess and the Frog."
The backgrounds were painted digitally using Adobe Photoshop, and many of the architectural elements
were based upon 3D models built in Autodesk Maya.[10] Much of the clean-up animation, digital ink-and-
paint, and compositing were outsourced to third-party companies in Orlando, Florida (Premise
Entertainment), Toronto, Ontario, Canada (Yowza! Animation), and Brooklin, São Paulo, Brazil (HGN
Produções).[6]

Music
In February 2006, Alan Menken was initially reported to be composing the soundtrack.[45] However,
Lasseter thought that since Menken was scoring the Disney film Enchanted (2007) at the time, the music
might be too repetitive. Lasseter felt that Randy Newman, whom he had previously worked with, was the
perfect choice for the film and replaced Menken with him, due to the fact that Newman was a jazz
composer and grew up in New Orleans, making him compatible with the project's musical setting, not to
mention that he had previous experience in adding Broadway musical style to another 2D animated film
which was Cats Don't Dance.[46] In February 2007, Newman was announced as the film's new
composer.[47]

During Disney's 2007 shareholder meeting, Newman and the Dirty Dozen Brass Band performed the film's
opening number, "Down in New Orleans", with famous New Orleans singer Dr. John singing, while slides
of pre-production art from the film played on a screen.[22] Other songs in the film include "Almost There"
(a solo for Tiana), "Dig a Little Deeper" (a song for Mama Odie), "When We're Human" (a song for Louis,
Tiana and Naveen [as frogs]), "Friends on the Other Side" (a solo for Doctor Facilier), and "Gonna Take
You There" and "Ma Belle Evangeline" (two solos for Ray).[22] Newman composed, arranged, and
conducted the music for the film, a mixture of jazz, zydeco, blues, and gospel styles performed by the voice
cast members for the respective characters, while R&B singer-songwriter Ne-Yo wrote and performed the
end title song, "Never Knew I Needed", an R&B love song referring to the romance between the film's two
main characters, Tiana and Naveen. Supported by a music video by Melina, "Never Knew I Needed" was
issued to radio outlets as a commercial single from the Princess and the Frog soundtrack.[48]

The film's soundtrack album, The Princess and the Frog: Original Songs and Score, contains the ten
original songs from the film and seven instrumental pieces. The soundtrack was released on November 23,
2009, the day before the limited release of the film in New York and Los Angeles.[49]

Release
The film premiered in theaters with a limited run in New York and Los Angeles beginning on November
25, 2009, followed by wide release on December 11, 2009.[50] The film was originally set for release on
Christmas Day 2009, but its release date was changed due to a competing family film, Alvin and the
Chipmunks: The Squeakquel, scheduled for release the same day.[51] The Princess and the Frog received a
limited re-release in AMC Theatres, lasting for one week from October 6 to October 12, 2017, as part of the
Dream Big, Princess campaign.[52][53] As part of Disney's 100th anniversary the film was re-released in
cinemas across the UK on October 6, 2023 for one week.[54]

Marketing
The Princess and the Frog was supported by a wide array of merchandise leading up to and following the
film's release. Although Disney's main marketing push was not set to begin until November 2009, positive
word-of-mouth promotion created demand for merchandise well in advance of the film.[55] Princess Tiana
costumes were selling out prior to Halloween 2009, and a gift set of Tiana-themed hair-care products from
Carol's Daughter sold out in seven hours on the company's website.[55] Other planned merchandise
includes a cookbook for children and even a wedding gown.[55] Princess Tiana was also featured a few
months before the release in the Disney on Ice: Let's Celebrate! show.[56] The film itself was promoted
through advertisements, including one from GEICO where Naveen, as a frog, converses with the
company's gecko mascot.[57]

A live parade and show called Tiana's Showboat Jubilee! premiered on October 25, 2009, at the Magic
Kingdom theme park at Walt Disney World Resort in Florida[58] and on November 5 at Disneyland in
California.[59] In Disneyland, actors in New Orleans Square paraded to the Rivers of America and boarded
the park's steamboat.[59] From there, the cast, starring Princess Tiana, Prince Naveen, Louis the alligator,
and Doctor Facilier, would sing songs from the movie, following a short story line taking place after the
events of the film. The Disneyland version's actors actually partook in singing, while the Walt Disney
World rendition incorporated lip-syncing.[59]

Tiana's Showboat Jubilee! ran at both parks until January 3, 2010.[58][59] At Disneyland Park, the show
was replaced by a land-based event called Princess Tiana's Mardi Gras Celebration, which features
Princess Tiana along with five of the original presentation's "Mardi Gras dancers" and the park's
"Jambalaya Jazz Band" as they perform songs from the movie.[60] "Tiana's Mardi Gras Celebration"
officially ended on October 3, 2010. However, it returned to Disneyland from 2011–2013 as part of the
"Limited Time Magic" family-fun weekends.[61][62][63]

Tiana also appears in Disneyland Paris's New Generation Festival.[64] Some of the characters appear
frequently during World of Color, the nightly fountain and projection show presented at Disney California
Adventure. Disney announced on June 4, 2009, that they would release a video game inspired by the film
and it was released on November 2009 exclusively for Wii and Nintendo DS platforms. It has been
officially described as an "adventure through the exciting world of New Orleans in a family-oriented video
game", featuring events from the film and challenges for Princess Tiana.[65]

Reception

Box office
On its limited day release, the film grossed $263,890 at two theaters and grossed $786,190 its opening
weekend.[66][67] On its opening day in wide release, the film grossed $7 million at 3,434 theaters.[68] It
went on to gross $24.2 million over the opening weekend averaging $7,050 per theater,[69] ranking at #1
for the weekend, and making it the highest-grossing opening to date for an animated movie in December (a
record previously held by Beavis and Butt-Head Do America from 1996).[70] The film went on to gross
$104.4 million in the United States and Canada, and $271 million worldwide. It was the fifth-highest-
grossing animated film of 2009, which was deemed an underachievement by Disney's standards. Overall,
the film was considered a qualified commercial success against greater production and pre-release hopes.[1]

While the film outgrossed Disney's contemporaneous hand-drawn films of the 2000s – including The
Emperor's New Groove (2000), Atlantis: The Lost Empire (2001), Treasure Planet (2002), Brother Bear
(2003), and Home on the Range (2004) – it had a considerably less auspicious time than the animated films
from Disney's second heyday of the latter 1980s and 1990s. Disney animator Tom Sito compared the film's
performance to that of The Great Mouse Detective (1986), which had been a step up from the theatrical run
of the 1985 box office failure The Black Cauldron (both films presaged upcoming commercial returns to
form for Disney, with The Great Mouse Detective, in particular, cited as a self-successful inflection point
towards the Renaissance, including by Disney internally).[71] It has been opined that part of the film's
modest return could be ascribed to being overshadowed by the release of James Cameron’s Avatar a week
after its release.[72] The film's fiscal shortcoming was a major reason for the changing of title of the next
year's Tangled from "Rapunzel" in order to dissociate from The Princess and the Frog and the entire
vacillating Disney Princess concept (Tangled would almost double its predecessor's box office take).[73]

Critical reception
Review aggregator Rotten Tomatoes reported the film has an 85% approval rating based on 201 reviews,
with an average rating of 7.4/10. The site's general consensus is that "The warmth of traditional Disney
animation makes this occasionally lightweight fairy-tale update a lively and captivating confection for the
holidays."[74] On Metacritic, the film has a weighted average score of 73 out of 100 based on 29 critics,
indicating "generally favorable reviews".[75] Audiences polled by CinemaScore gave the film an average
grade of "A" on an A+ to F scale.[76]

Lisa Schwarzbaum of Entertainment Weekly gave the film an "A" grade and applauded the film's creative
team for "uphold[ing] the great tradition of classic Disney animation".[77] Kirk Honeycutt of The
Hollywood Reporter praised Walt Disney Animation for "rediscovering its traditional hand-drawn
animation" and for "a thing called story".[78] David Germain of the Associated Press wrote that "The
Princess and the Frog is not the second coming of Beauty and the Beast or The Lion King. It's just plain
pleasant, an old-fashioned little charmer that's not straining to be the next glib animated compendium of
pop-culture flotsam."[79]

Justin Chang of Variety was less receptive, stating "this long-anticipated throwback to a venerable house
style never comes within kissing distance of the studio's former glory".[80] Joe Neumaier of the New York
Daily News gave the film three stars out of five stars while saying "The Princess and the Frog breaks the
color barrier for Disney princesses, but is a throwback to traditional animation and her story is a
retread".[81] Village Voice's Scott Foundas found that "the movie as a whole never approaches the wit,
cleverness, and storytelling brio of the studio's early-1990s animation renaissance (Beauty and the Beast,
The Lion King) or pretty much anything by Pixar".[82] Betsy Sharkey, formerly of the Los Angeles Times,
gave the film a positive review claiming: "With The Princess and the Frog they've gotten just about
everything right. The dialogue is fresh-prince clever, the themes are ageless, the rhythms are riotous and the
return to a primal animation style is beautifully executed."[83]

Chicago Sun-Times film critic Roger Ebert gave the film three out of four stars and admired Disney's step
back to traditional animation, writing, "No 3-D! No glasses! No extra ticket charge! No frantic frenzies of
meaningless action! And ... good gravy! A story! Characters! A plot! This is what classic animation once
was like!", but stated that the film "inspires memories of Disney's Golden Age it doesn't quite live up to, as
I've said, but it's spritely and high-spirited, and will allow kids to enjoy it without visually assaulting
them."[84] S. Jhoanna Robledo of Common Sense Media gave the film three out of five stars, writing, "First
African-American Disney princess is a good role model".[85] Saint Bryan of KING 5 Seattle praised the
film and called it "The Best Disney Movie Since The Lion King".[86]

Upon its release, the film created controversy among some Christians over its use of Louisiana Voodoo as a
plot device.[87] Christianity Today's review of the film cited its sexual undertones and use of voodoo,
arguing that the scenes with Dr. Facilier and his "friends on the other side" contain many horror elements
and that young children might be frightened by the film.[88] The film's negative portrayal of Voodoo also
drew criticism from non-Christian factions.[89] The film also received criticism for historical negationism of
the Jim Crow era in the Southern USA.[90][91][92]

Awards and nominations

The film was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Animated Feature and twice for the Academy
Award for Best Original Song, but lost to Up and Crazy Heart, respectively.[4][93] It was also nominated
for eight Annie Awards and, at the 37th Annie Awards Ceremony on February 6, 2010, won three.[8]
 Award Category Nominee Result

Best Motion Picture,

Animated or Mixed The Princess and the Frog
2009 Satellite Media
Nominated
Awards[94]
Randy Newman (Almost There)
Best Original Song
Randy Newman (Down in New Orleans)

Top 10 Films The Princess and the Frog

African-American Film John Musker, Ron Clements and Rob
Critics Association Edwards — Tied with Geoffrey Fletcher for Won
Awards 2009 Best Screenplay
Precious: Based on the Novel "Push" by
Sapphire
2009 Producers Guild Animated Theatrical
Peter Del Vecho
of America Awards[95] Motion Pictures

2009 Online Film

Critics Society Best Animated Feature
Awards[96]
67th Golden Globe Best Animated Feature
Awards[97] Film The Princess and the Frog

2009 Chicago Film

Best Animated Feature Nominated
Critics Association[98]

Best Animated Feature

2009 Critics Choice Best Score
Awards[99] Randy Newman
Best Song (Almost
There)

Best Film The Princess and the Frog

Ne-Yo (Never Knew I Needed)
Best Song, Original or
Anika Noni Rose (Almost There) Won
Adapted
2009 Black Reel
Anika Noni Rose (Down in New Orleans)
Awards[100] Nominated
Keith David
Best Voice Performance
Anika Noni Rose Won

Best Ensemble
The Princess and the Frog Nominated
Best Animated Feature

Animated Effects James DeValera Mansfield Won

Production Design in a
Ian Gooding
Feature Production Nominated
Andreas Deja
37th Annie Awards[8]
Character Animation in a
Eric Goldberg Won
Feature Production
Bruce W. Smith Nominated

Voice Acting in a Feature Jennifer Cody ("Charlotte") Won

Production Jenifer Lewis ("Mama Odie") Nominated
82nd Academy Best Animated Feature John Musker and Ron Clements
Awards[4][93]
Best Original Song Randy Newman (Almost There)
 Randy Newman (Down in New Orleans)
Outstanding Motion
41st NAACP Image Picture
Awards Outstanding Actress in a
Anika Noni Rose
Motion Picture

36th Saturn Awards[101] Best Animated Film

2010 Teen Choice The Princess and the Frog

Choice Movie: Animated
Awards[102][103]

Best Song Written for a

2011 Grammy Motion Picture,
Randy Newman (Down in New Orleans)
Awards[104] Television or Other
Visual Media

Anika Noni Rose (Tiana), Jennifer Cody

(Charlotte La Bouff), Oprah Winfrey (Eudora),
Women Film Critics
Best Animated Females Jenifer Lewis (Mama Odie), and all other Won
Circle
female characters in The Princess and the
Frog.

Home media
The Princess and the Frog was released in North America on DVD and Blu-ray on March 16, 2010.[105]

The film is available on DVD, Blu-ray, and Blu-ray combo pack editions. The combo pack includes the
DVD, Digital Copy, and Blu-ray of the film.[105] The DVD edition has sold over 4.5 million copies and
has made $71.8 million in DVD sales,[106] making it the ninth-best-selling DVD of 2010.[107] As of 2019,
the film had earned $119 million from its home media releases.[3] The Princess and the Frog was released
on 4K Blu-ray on November 5, 2019.[108]

Impact and debates

Following The Princess and the Frog, Disney considered releasing at least one hand-drawn animated film
every two years,[109] starting with Winnie the Pooh (2011), and continuing with a film inspired by "The
Snow Queen". The medium of the latter was later switched to CGI (although it features a similar visual
style to the 2010 film Tangled by blending elements of the two media) due to complex visual elements in
the story. The film was ultimately titled Frozen, and was released in 2013.

The blog website /Film noted in July 2014 with the release of hand-drawn concept art for Frozen (which
grossed over US$1 billion worldwide), that any future hand-drawn animated films have been "killed" for
the time being due to The Princess and the Frog failing "to ignite the box office".[110] Two months later,
however, many Disney artists announced they were working on a new independent hand-drawn animated
film, Hullabaloo, as part of an attempt to bring back hand-drawn animation,[111] consisting in three short
films, while others got later involved on making the Netflix animated film Klaus, released in 2019.

Looking back on the experience four years later, Catmull stated that Disney had made a "serious mistake"
in the process of marketing and releasing the film.[112] Walt Disney Studios' marketing department had
warned Disney Animation that the word "princess" in the title "would lead moviegoers to think that the film
was for girls only," but the animation studio's management insisted on keeping the "princess" title because
they believed that the film's quality and hand-drawn animation would bring in all quadrants anyway.[112] In
Catmull's words, this belief "was our own version of a stupid pill."[112] The marketing department turned
out to be correct in their prediction that many moviegoers would and did avoid the film because they
thought it was "for little girls only."[112] This was further compounded by the fact that the film opened a
week before Avatar.[112]

Looking back on the experience seven years later, Lasseter told Variety: "I was determined to bring back
[hand-drawn animation] because I felt it was such a heritage of the Disney studio, and I love the art form …
I was stunned that Princess didn't do better. We dug into it and did a lot of research and focus groups. It was
viewed as old-fashioned by the audience."[113]

Despite the absence of traditional animated feature films after the release of Winnie the Pooh, Disney
Animation has been using both media for the sake of experimenting with new techniques and styles. In
2019, after Lasseter left Disney, Jennifer Lee (the succeeding CCO of Walt Disney Animation Studios),
producer Peter Del Vecho and director Chris Buck confirmed that making another 2D animated film is still
possible, and that the different styles are driven by the filmmakers who chose what method to use to tell
their stories.[114]

Since the film's original release, it has had success on streaming platforms and with merchandise
sales.[115][116]

Other media

Theme parks
Tiana, Naveen, and Dr. Facilier appear as meet-and-greet characters
at the Disney Parks, while Louis appears during parades or live
shows.[117]

Upcoming theme park ride

In June 2020, Disney announced that the Splash Mountain theme Tiana and Prince Naveen in Disney
park attraction, which is themed to Disney's 1946 film Song of the on Ice.
South, would be rethemed based on The Princess and the Frog in
Disneyland and Magic Kingdom, which was stated to have had
been in development since 2019. The announcement came amid the ongoing George Floyd protests and
online petitions to change the theme of Splash Mountain.[118][119] The New York Times reported that
Disney executives had privately discussed removing the attraction's Song of the South theme for at least five
years, before putting into development the Princess and the Frog theme.[120]

The attraction's story line will take place after the events of the film, with Tiana hosting a party for the
people of New Orleans during Carnival season. Tiana discovers that due to a mix-up, the celebration is
missing a band and needs the guests' help to find one, as they join her and Louis on a trip to the bayou to
search for musical critters.[121][118][122][123] In June 2022, Anika Noni Rose mentioned during an
interview on Live with Kelly and Ryan that she has been involved with discussions with Disney on what
they want the attraction to be like.[124] In July 2022 during the ESSENCE festival in New Orleans, Disney
announced that the attraction will be called Tiana's Bayou Adventure, setting an opening date of "late 2024"
at both parks.[125][126] At the D23 Expo in September 2022, it was confirmed that Rose, Bruno Campos,
Michael-Leon Wooley, and Jenifer Lewis would be reprising their roles for the ride.[127] The Magic
Kingdom version of Splash Mountain closed in January 2023,[128] while the Disneyland version closed in
May 2023.[129] Tiana's Bayou Adventure is scheduled to open at Magic Kingdom in summer 2024 and
later in 2024 at Disneyland.[130]

Upcoming sequel television series

In December 2020, Disney announced a television spin-off titled Tiana is in development for Disney+.[131]
It was also announced that Anika Noni Rose, who voiced Tiana in the film would be reprising her role in
the series.[132] On November 12, 2021, Stella Meghie was announced as writer and director, making her
the first African-American director to helm a Walt Disney Animation Studios project,[133] but was replaced
in those capacities by Joyce Sherri by October 2023.[134] Walt Disney Animation Studios chief creative
officer Jennifer Lee contacted Meghie for the project following the latter's attempt to pitch a live-action
remake of The Princess and the Frog.[135] The series will center on Tiana as she explores her city of New
Orleans.[136]

A first look of Tiana was revealed in 2021,[133] with the series originally scheduled to release in
2022.[137][138] The release date was later changed to 2023[139] and eventually 2024.[140] In March 2023,
the show's page changed to "coming soon to Disney+" with mention of a date removed.[141]

The series will be among the first spin-offs of a Walt Disney Animation Studios film to be produced by the
studio itself rather than Disney Television Animation. Animation services will be provided by Walt Disney
Animation Studios' Burbank and Vancouver studios, with storyboarding and pre-production also handled at
the Burbank studio.[142]

Potential live-action adaptation

In January 2022, Jennifer Lee revealed that Stella Meghie, originally the writer and director of Tiana,
wanted to develop a live-action adaptation of the film.[143]

Films and television

Tiana made a guest appearance on Sofia the First in the second-season episode "Winter's
Gift".[144]
Alternate versions of Tiana, Prince Naveen, Eudora, and Dr. Facilier appear in the seventh
season of Once Upon a Time. Maldonia also appears as a realm in New Fairy Tale
Land.[145][146][147][148]
Tiana is featured in the 2018 film Ralph Breaks the Internet, alongside all of the other Disney
Princesses.[149] However, earlier promo images and trailers from the film showed that her
appearance was depicted with a lighter skin tone, a narrower nose, and European
features.[150][151][152] This led to several backlashes from the viewers on social media as
these drew her appearance away from that expected of African-Americans.[152] Disney
contacted Anika Noni Rose and the advocacy group Color of Change to redesign Tiana for
Ralph Breaks the Internet to make sure that she more closely resembles her actual
appearance, which was revealed in the second trailer.[151][152][153]
In the Descendants franchise, Dr. Facilier appears in the novel The Isle of the Lost, being the
principal of Dragon Hall, the school for villains' children. Facilier's teen daughter, Freddie,
appears as one of the main characters in the animated series Descendants: Wicked World.
 Dr. Facilier (played by Jamal Sims) appears in Disney Channel's 2019 original film
Descendants 3, along with his other teen daughter, Celia.[154]
Tiana is one of the main characters in Lego's 2023 animated special Lego Disney Princess:
The Castle Quest.[155]
Like other Walt Disney Animation Studios characters, the main characters of the film have
cameo appearances in the 2023 short film Once Upon a Studio.[156]

Video games
As mentioned earlier, a video game adaptation of the film was released in late 2009 for
Microsoft Windows, Wii and Nintendo DS.[65]
Tiana, Prince Naveen, Louis, Mama Odie (along with Juju), Eudora, Charlotte La Bouff, and
Dr. Facilier appear as playable characters to unlock for a limited time in the world builder
video game Disney Magic Kingdoms, along with some attractions based on locations in the
film. In the game, the characters are involved in new storylines that serve as a continuation of
the events of the film.[157]
An alternate version of Tiana appears as a playable character in the video game Disney
Mirrorverse (2022).[158]

See also
Disney portal

Film portal
United States
portal
Cartoon portal

List of animated feature-length films

List of traditional animated feature films
List of Disney theatrical animated features
List of Disney animated films based on fairy tales

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Bibliography
Kurtti, Jeff (2009). The Art of The Princess and the Frog (1st ed.). Chronicle Books.
ISBN 978-0-8118-6635-4.

External links
Official website (http://movies.disney.com/the-princess-and-the-frog)
The Princess and the Frog (https://www.allmovie.com/movie/v388939) at AllMovie
The Princess and the Frog (https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0780521/) at IMDb
The Princess and the Frog (https://www.boxofficemojo.com/movies/?id=princessandthefrog.
htm) at Box Office Mojo
 The Princess and the Frog (https://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/1196003-princess_and_the_f
rog) at Rotten Tomatoes

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