Table 3.21 Weights of towers used on various voltage categories in India
sie Tonnes
00a Bow RoW Tay new oo Py
Singiscrcist Geune crcut Single crcon Dowbearcue Sige creak Double Greil Singie reU
Span iow 400 320 320 320 320 25 a
Conaucen: Moose Zeb zetea Paoires Paneber Bog Beg
54252 mm AL SHB IBM S4/3IS mm SORMMAL BOaMA BI2mMm 4/4724,
LIAS ems Als 1AiB Ale 7AIB s7Anms e7AmmS, AALS? ST/ST
smi St i Sc iS. rm 5.
Groundwre Pemm 2BISmm SIS BIS mm TRIE 72S eH ms
11Gkgi/nm! | 10kgbmme — HTOKgUrm? 1 'SegH/mm? FT Degtimm? —110igKtme® 1 Lokam?
ually sity quay euoity aun auaity qty
Tangent Tower 2. 45 30 23 un 12 08
30° Tower 159 93 62 59 BS 23 15
GOP and Deaton §— 23.16 134 92 2 49 32 20
Tower
Weight of towers
fora IOwmntine 279 202 138 126 76 2 46
te: Recent dens nave shown 10% 20% reduction in weight
Table 3.22 Various load combinations under the normal and
broken-wire conditions for a typical 400 kV line
Longitcinal loads
Transverse loads
Tower type Normal Brckenswire Normal Brokerswire
condition canaition corattion ‘condicn
A 00 G.SxIxCos 72 WOW OS W/C¥WIrO.SDIA
8 0.0 LOxMITKCos 72 WCHWHD —O.GWC#WIHO.SD.
B Section Tower 0.0 1Oxmt WCHWHO.O — O.BW/CHWI+0.0
€ 0.0 LOxMTeGos 2 = WC+WHD = O.6 CHW.
CSecton Tower 0.0 LOxMr WCHWHO.0 — DLOWCHW+0.0
260" 0.0 LOXMTKCos 9/2 WOHWHD —(O.6W/CHWI+0.50
Dead-end wth
slack span (slack
span side broken) 0.7 MT. LOM OesweKM «= Lew
Dead-end with
slack span line
side broken O.7 MT —O.3MTxCos 15° O.65WCwtWle 0. 25WCHW+0.3
O.3MTSin 15° MTxSin 15°
Dead-end MT Ni OSWCHWIHO.0. 0. 1WCHW+O. 0
load calculation should be reviewed. Particular
attention should be paid to the footing reactions,
since an estimated weight: which is too high will
make the uplift footing reaction too low.
Load combinations
‘The varions loads coming on the tower under the
norma] and broken-wire conditions (BWC) have
been discussed. An appropriate combination ofthe
various loads under the two conditions should be
considered for design purposes. Table 3.22 givas a
summary of the various Toad combinations under
the two conditions for a typical 400 kV transmis-
sion line using a twin-conductor bundle. The fol-
lowing notations have been used in the Table.
Tension at 32°C =T
without wind
Maximum tension =Mr
Wind on conduetor = WC
Wind on insulator
Angle of deviation
Transmission tine Structures 85Load due to deviation
of ‘A’ type tower
under BWC = DA = 2xTxSin (02)
Load due to deviation
for others = D = 2xMTsSin (92)
‘The vertical loads due to conductors and ground.
wire are based on the appropriate weight spans;
these are in addition to the dead weight of the
structure, insulators and fittings.
Example:
Caleulation of tower loading for a typical 132 kV
double circuit line.
Basie data
1, Type of tower : Tangent tower with 2
degrees lino do’
2. Normal span 2 335m
8. Wind pressure
a. Tower (on 1¥2
times the exposed
area of one face) : 200 kg/m?
b, Conductors and
ground wire (on
fully projected
area) + AB legit?
Characteristics of conductor
1. Size conforming to : 90/8.00mm Al+7/3.00mm,
1S:398-1961 St ACSR
Overall diameter
of the conductor 21mm
3, Area of the complete
2.
conductor 126.2 mm?
4, Ultimate tensile
strength 9,127 kg
5. Weight 976 kg/m
6. Maximurn working
tension 3,300 kg (say)
Characteristics of ground wire
1. Size conforming to : 7/3.16 anm galvanised
18:2141-1968 stranded steel wire of
110 kg/mm? quality
2. Diameter 9.45. mm
3. Area of completo; 64.5 mm?
ground wire
4, Ultimate tensile: 8,710 ke
strength
5. Weight 428 ke/lern
6. Maximum working
tension
2 2,500 keg (say)
86 Transmission Line Structures
Tower loadings:
1. Transverse load
For the purpose of calculating the wind load on
conductor and ground wire, the wind span has
been. assumed as normal span:
a, Wind load on conductor = 884521
(Normal condition) :
= 317 kg
Wind load on conductor = 0.6x317=190kg
(Broken-wire condition)
2852945 245
b, Wind load on ground ao
wire
(Normal condition) = 142 kg
Wind load on ground = 0.6 x 142= 85 kg
wire (Broken-wire
condition)
¢. Wind load on tower
‘The details in regard to the method of caleu-
lating the equivalent wind load on tower
(We) are given in Figure 9.17.
4, Wind load on insulator strin,
Diameter of the insulator skirt = 254 mm
Length of the insulator
string with arcing
horns = 2,000 mm
Projected area of the
cylinder with diameter
equal to that of the E
insulator skirt = 2,000 x 264 59, mm
= 0.508 sq. m.
Net offective projected
area of the insulator
string exposed to
wind = 50 percent
of 0.508 39. m.
= 0.254 sq.m.
Wind load on
insulator string = 200x 0.254
= 50.8 kg
Say 50 kg
‘Transverse component of the maximum work-
ing tension (deviation load)
(1) For power conductor = 2sin1°13,800kg
8B kg
sin 1°2,500kg
= 8Tkg
(2) Por ground wire