CARGOGEARS

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Identify various cargo slings & know their uses 2. Know the rigging of : single swinging derrick union purchase rig gun tackle Y Y gear YoYo ships crane 3. State limitation of union purchase rig 4. State care & maintenance of derricks 5. State requirements for testing of derricks & cranes
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SingleSwingingDerrick

CARGOGEARS

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Derrick is basically a boom swivelling at its base and supported at the head by a topping lift. Near the head is the spider band on which is attached : the lower span block of the topping lift slewing guys head block Guys are used to make the derrick swing or to prevent it from swinging. Wire from a winch is rove through blocks at the heel and head of the derrick and then shackled on to a cargo hook Preventer guys are used only for the union purchase system and are always on the outboard side.

SingleSwingingDerrick

CARGOGEARS

The hauling part of the topping lift is wound round the drum of a special type of wire reel. A hinged pawl bar engaging on the ratchet-toothed side of the reel prevents it from slacking-off. The wire reel has another small wire drum fixed to the side of the main drum. When it is required to top up or lower the derrick, the weight is taken off the pawl bar by means of a bull wire taken round the warping barrel of the cargo winch. The pawl bar is held lifted in the event of the derrick being lowered. The topping lift is wound around a drum or wire reel which has its own motor and therefore can be electrically controlled by the winchman alone.
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JumboDerrick

CARGOGEARS

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Tumbler

Plate Clamp

SINGLE SWINGING DERRICK

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CARGOGEARS

UnionPurchaseSystem Most common in use on general cargo vessel Often referred to as married gear Combination of two derricks : one plumbed over hatch and one ashore coupled or joined by a union hook worked in conjunction with each other

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CARGOGEARS

UnionPurchaseSystem Have a preventer guy on its outboard side in addition to other two guys, because of the heavy cross pull on the derricks when the weight is being transferred. Also known as standing guy, they are set up tighter than the slewing guy. Each cargo boom is joined to vertical mast or post b a swivel fitti k t by i l fitting known as a gooseneck k Up and down or luffing movement of the boom is carried out by a topping lift/span tackle Horizontal or athwartship movement controlled by slewing guy Two booms are linked by schooner guy
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CARGOGEARS

UnionPurchaseSystem

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CARGOGEARS

UnionPurchaseSystem A cargo wire or runner, from each boom is joined by a threeway swivel which is known as a union hook Operations cargo lifted by one derrick to the necessary height, and then slackened on one runner and hauling on the other, eased over until it is under the other derrick when it can be lowered on the hold or quay.

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CARGOGEARS

UnionPurchaseSystem

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CARGOGEARS

UnionPurchaseSystem Advantages Fastest method for discharging break bulk, non unitized general cargo Disadvantages Used for light loads (1 5 to 2 tonnes per (1.5 load) Winch men must be highly skilled and experienced Cannot be used for spot loading Repositioning the derrick is time consuming
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UnionPurchaseSystem:Precaution UnionPurchaseSystem:Precaution

CARGOGEARS

The following criteria must be complied with at all times: The minimum operating angle of either derrick should be not less than 15 to the horizontal, and it is recommended that the angle be not less than 30.

Minimum 30 Recommended 30 15

Normal <90

Max. 120 Cargo runner

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CARGOGEARS

UnionPurchaseSystem:Precautions UnionPurchaseSystem:Precautions The maximum included angle between the cargo runners must not exceed 120. The derrick should be topped as high as practicable consistent with safe working. The cargo sling should be kept as short as possible so as to clear the bulwarks without the angle between runners exceeding the safe limits (90120). The derricks should not be rigged further apart than is absolute necessary. The tensions should taken off the slewing guys when the rig is set up. Only the preventer guys should be taken into account in the calculation for forces in the rig.
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CARGOGEARS

UnionPurchaseSystem:Precautions UnionPurchaseSystem:Precautions Code of Safe Working Practices recommends that where derricks have not been marked with SWL : loads should not be excess of onethird of the SWL of the derrick l d di load diagrams f th union purchase rig for the i h i should be consulted max SWL of the rig should never exceed the SWL of the cargo runner and a good safety factor would be to lift a max weight equal to 75% of the runner SWL.
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CARGOGEARS

UnionPurchaseSystem:Precautions UnionPurchaseSystem:Precautions Unduly long slings should not be used by stevedores. The standing guy (outboard) of the boom which is over the side should not be placed too far back as this will increase the possibility of the boom jackknifing. The winch operators should wind in pay out in p p y step, otherwise dangerous tensions may develop in the rig. Narrow angles between derricks and outboard guys and between outboard guys and the vertical should be avoided. Inboard derrick guys and preventer should be secured as nearly as possible at angle of 90 to the derrick.
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CARGOGEARS

UnionPurchaseSystem:Precautions UnionPurchaseSystem:Precautions The standing guy should not be secured to the same eye plate on the spider band to which the slewing guy is secured. Runners should not permitted to rub against hatch coamings or other structural members as it will quickly render them unfit for service service. Eyes on shackles lug should mouse with seizing wire to prevent lug from working loose. Heel block secured additionally with light chain or wire so that block does not drop when the load is taken off the runner

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CARGOGEARS

ShipsLiftingEquipments (CargoGears) Care and maintenance for derricks. Derricks should be stripped and all its gears thoroughly overhauled Topping lifts, runners and guy pendants to oil pp g , g yp and grease Shackled pins, gooseneck should be greased When rerigging, the correct tested shackles are to be returned to the proper positions All split pins should be renewed

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ShipsLiftingEquipments (CargoGears)

CARGOGEARS

All guy ropes should be closely examined and renewed wherever signs of excessive wear, chafe or damage are apparent A chain or wire preventer secured to the heel block Ensure runner guides fixed at intervals are able to rotate freely All necessary wires should be flaked out Inspect all lift wire end on drum (winch) are secured firmly Derrick should be raised or lowered at a speed consistent with the safe handling of the guys
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CARGOGEARS

DoublingUp
Doubling up spider band Spider band

5t 5t 5t 10t
Doubling whip (effectively making a gun tackle)

Derrick

Doubling up by means of second spider band

The cargo runner of a derrick may be double up when it is desired to make a lift which the rig is capable of handling safely but which exceeds the SWL of the cargo runner when rigged as a single whip.
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YO YOYOGear
Derrick 1

CARGOGEARS

SWL 10t

5
Gun tackle Strop Floating block Hook

Derrick 2

SWL 10t

SWL of the derrick may be exceeded

Load 20 20t

WithaYoYorig,theweightliftedmaygouptonearly twicetheSWLofthesmallerderricks,iftwoderricksof differingSWLsareused. Above,YoYorigusesthetwoinshorederrickseachwith aguntackle,andmovingblockwithcargohookattached. Bothderricksareslewedtowardsthequaysidewithheads asclosetogetheraspracticable.

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CARGOGEARS

PatentDerrickSystems Why several patent derrick system evolved ? Mainly to overcome the disadvantages of the basic swinging or slewing derrick. Single swinging derrick has disadvantage of their guys making a too small angle with the derrick when it is swung out to the extreme end, increasing the thrust on the derrick when the guys are heaved, also the load on the topping span.

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PatentDerrickSystems Most patent derricks have similar basic charactistics : Twin topping lift/slewing guy principle is used which gives good control of a single derrick. Capable of handling heavier loads and reduces stresses encountered than the union purchase system. system Combined slewing and topping tackles. Very good spot loading facilities set down in most position. High degree of centralized control with one man operation Derrick is rigged at all times and quickly be brought into operation.
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CARGOGEARS

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ShipsCrane

CARGOGEARS

One crane driver is required to work the falls, topping lift and the slewing of the crane Excellent spotting facilities Ideal for the handling of long bulky parcels of cargo such as pipes
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ShipsCrane

CARGOGEARS

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CARGOGEARS

CraneoverDerricks AdvantagesDisadvantages Simpleoperation Singlemanoperation Clearoperationalviews Clearofdeckrigging Versatilewithheavyload,no l hh l d derig Unlimitedoperatingareas,360 Fasterload/dischargeoperation Enclosedcabinforoperator Safertooperate simplerrig Mayservetwohatches
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Highinstallationcost Increasedeckspace especiallyforgantrytype cranes Designismorecomplex, l leavingmoretogowrong Specialistmaintenance SWLofcranesisgenerally lessthanthatofspecialist derrickrigs
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DerrickTestsandSurveys

CARGOGEARS

Requirementthatcargohandlinggearinspected onceayear(Annualinspection) Thecargogearbethoroughlyexaminedonceevery fouryears(QuadrennialInspection) Allblocks,shackles,links,chainsandwires examinedforsatisfactorycondition.

S a fe W o rk in g L o a d U p to 2 0 to n n e s E x c e e d in g 2 0 to n n e s b u t n o t e x c e e d in g 5 0 to n n e s O v e r 5 0 to n n e s P ro o f L o a d 2 5 % in e x c e ss o f S W L 5 to n n e s in e x c e s s o f SW L 1 0 % in e x c e ss o f th e SW L
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CARGOGEARS

Test&Examination Test&Examination

Every winch & its accessories By weights & spring/hydraulic balance Loose Gears whether accessories or not: Test Proof load as follows: Chain ring hook shackle or swivel 2 x SWL Chain, ring, hook, Single sheave blocks 4 x SWL Multiple sheaves blocks: SWL less than 20 tons 2 x SWL SWL 20 40 tons SWL + 20T SWL over 40 tons 1.5 x SWL
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CARGOGEARS

ChainRegister
CertificatesofTest,annealingandallreportsof inspection&examinationtobeenteredinthe registerbeforethegearsisputintouse. Registerkeptonthevessel Contentscomprisingusuallyof4parts Part1: FourYearlythoroughexam&annual inspection. i i Derrickandpermanentattachments. Part2: AnnualinspectionCranes,winchesand gearotherthanderricks&attachments. Part3: Annualthoroughexamofgearexempt fromannealing,gearmadeofmalleable castironormildsteel. Part4: Recordofannealing.
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CARGOGEARS

TestCertificates Chains , rings, hooks, shackles, pulley blocks, etc, before being brought into use. Wire ropes before brought into use. Winches , derrick and accessory gears. A Annealing of chains, rings etc. li f h i i t Test certificates must be attached to the back of the chain register Register & all forms and certificates must be kept for at least 4 years. Each register last for 8 years.
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CARGOGEARS

Every lifting appliance shall be tested with a test load which shall exceed safe working load (SWL) as follows SWLTestload Upto20tonnes25percentinexcess 20to50tonnes5tonnesinexcess Over50tonnes10percentinexcess

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CARGOGEARS

LiftingAppliance In the case of derrick systems the test load shall be lifted with the ships normal tackle with the derrick at the minimum angle to the horizontal for which the derrick system was designed (generally 15 degrees), or at such g greater angle as may be agreed. g y g The angle at which the test was made should be stated in the certificate of test. After the test load has been lifted it should be swung as far as possible in both directions.

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CARGOGEARS

LiftingAppliance The SWL shown is applicable to swinging derrick systems only. When derricks are used in union purchase the SWL (U) is to be shown on Form 2 (U). In the case of heavy derricks, care should be taken to ensure that the appropriate stays are correctly rigged.

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CARGOGEARS

LiftingAppliance In the case of cranes, the test load is to be hoisted, slewed and luffed at slow speed. Gantry and travelling cranes together with their trolleys, where appropriate, are to be traversed and travelled over the full length of their track. In the case of variable loadradius cranes, the tests are generally to be carried out with the appropriate test load at maximum, minimum and at an intermediate radius.
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CARGOGEARS

LiftingAppliance In the case of hydraulic cranes where limitations of pressure make it impossible to lift a test load 25 per cent in excess of the safe working load, it will be sufficient to lift the greatest possible l d b in general this bl load, but l h should not be less than 10 per cent in excess of the safe working load.

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CARGOGEARS

LiftingAppliance As a general rule, tests should be carried out using test loads, and no exception should be allowed in the case of initial tests. In the case of repairs, replacement or when the periodic examination calls for retest consideration re test, may be given to the use of spring or hydraulic balances provided the SWL of the lifting appliance does not exceed 15 tonnes.

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CARGOGEARS

LiftingAppliance Where a spring or hydraulic balance is used it shall be calibrated and accurate to within 2 per cent and the indicator should remain constant for five minutes. If test weights are not used this is to be indicated in column

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CARGOGEARS

InitialExamination&Certification Every lifting appliance shall be certified by a competent person before being taken into use for the first time to ensure that it is of good design and construction and of adequate strength for the purpose of which it is intended. Before being taken into use for the first time a competent person shall supervise and witness testing, and shall thoroughly examine every lifting appliance. Every item of loose gear shall, before being taken into use for the first time be tested, thoroughly examined and certified by a competent person in accordance with national law or regulations.
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InitialExamination&Certification

CARGOGEARS

Upon satisfactory completion of the procedures indicated above the competent person shall complete and issue the Register of Lifting Appliances and attach the appropriate Certificates. An entry shall be made in Part I of the Register. A rigging plan showing the arrangement of lifting appliances shall be provided. In the case of derricks and derrick cranes the rigging plan should show at least the following information: i. the position of guys ii. the resultant force on blocks, guys, wire ropes and booms iii. the position of blocks iv. the identification mark of individual items v. arrangements and working range of union purchase.
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