• Bubbling Through Limewater.

:-1] Bubble the gas through limewater. The most effective way to test

for Co₂ is to bubble the gas through. "limewater", a diluted solution of

calcium hydroxide (slaked lime.). When you bubble carbon dioxide

through solution, it form a solid precipitare of calcium carbonate chalk

or limestone, calcium carbonate is in soluble in water. Thus, if there is

CO₂ present in the sample the limewater will turn milky, cloudy

white.Limewater is also called "white wash" or milk of lime!

2] make a limewater solution The process is simple:- diluted calcium

hydroxide with water. Calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH)2) is a colorless white

powder. Pure limewater, once mixed, is clear and colorless, with a slight

earthy smell and the bitter, alkaline taste of calium hydroxide, as its pH

is 12.3. Follow these steps to moke own lime- water.

i. Put teaspoon (4.9ml) of calcium hydroxide into a clear gallon (3.81)

or smaller glass jar. Limewater is a saturated solution, which

means there will be same extra chemical that doesnot dissolve.

A teaspoon will result in a fully saturated solution.

ii. Fill the jar with distilled water. It's best to use distilled water for

this experiment, as it will give a pure Solution.

 iii. put a lid on this jar. Shake the solution vigorously for 1-2 min, then

let it stand for 24 hours

iv. Poure the clearer solution off the top of the jar through a clean

coffee filter or filter paper. Be very Careful not to 'stir up the

sediment. It necessary repeat this filtering step untill obtain a

clear lime water solution. store in a clean jar or bortle

3] Bubble the gas through the limewater :- Half-fill a test tube with

limewarer-then boil it. Use a delivery tube to pipe the contents of the

co₂ sample teat tube. directly into the boiling limewater. you can use a

flexible pipe or a (metal) straw as a delivery tube, if nothing better is

around. let the captured gas "bubble" through the liquid, and wait for

the reaction to take place.

• If don't want to boil anything, use a gss syringe to discharge the co₂ gas

directly into the half filled limewater test tube. Stopper the test tube,

then shake Vigorously for 1-2 minutes. If there is carbon dioxide in the

sample, then the solution should grow cloudy.

4) Look for Clody water. If CO₂ is present, the limewater will tern milky

white with calcium carbonate perticulate as the calcium carbonate

solution is insoluble and will Precipitate out of the solution. If the

limewater is boiling and the gas is piped directly into the limewater, then

the reaction should begin immediately. If nothing happens after a

minute or so, you can safely assume that there is no carbon dioxide in

your sample.

5] Know the chemical reaction Understand what exactly is taking place

to indicate the presence of co2. The equation for the test is: Co(OH)2(aq)

+ CO2(g) => CaCO3(s) + H₂O(l). In non-chemistry language : liquid lime

water + gas (which contains co₂) react to solid lime (the particles) and

liquid water.

• If bobble the Co₂ through the limewater for an extended period of

time you water will eventually turn clear. That's because of

chemical reaction:

Here`s why :-

1] CO2 + H2O => H₂CO₃ (carbon dioxide + water = carbonic acid)

 2] H₂CO₃ + CaCO3 => Ca(HCO3)2 (carbonic acid + calcium carbonate) =

(calcium hydrogen carbonate)

3] Calcium hydrogen carbonate is soluble in water, making your solution

clear!

 Details about ethanolamine -->

Ethanolamine, also known as 2-aminoethanol or monoethanolamine

(MEA), is an organic compound with the chemical formula

HOCH2CH2NH2. It is both a primary amine and a primary alcohol. Here

are some key details about ethanolamine:

1. Chemical Structure:

- Ethanolamine has a simple structure consisting of a primary amine

group (NH2) attached to a two-carbon chain, which is also a hydroxyl

group (OH). Its chemical structure is HOCH2CH2NH2.

2. Physical Properties:

- Physical State: Ethanolamine is a colorless, viscous liquid at room

temperature.

- Odor: It has an ammoniacal odor.

- Solubility: It is miscible with water and many organic solvents.

3. Common Uses:
 - Chemical Intermediates: Ethanolamine is used as a building block in

the synthesis of various chemical compounds, including detergents,

pharmaceuticals, and agrochemicals.

- Corrosion Inhibitors: It is employed in the formulation of corrosion

inhibitors, particularly in the oil and gas industry.

- Gas Treating Agents: Ethanolamine is used in gas scrubbing

applications to remove acidic gases such as carbon dioxide and hydrogen

sulfide from industrial gas streams.

- Personal Care Products: It is found in some cosmetic and personal care

products.

4. Chemical Properties:

- Ethanolamine is both a primary amine and a primary alcohol, meaning

it contains both an amino group (NH2) and a hydroxyl group (OH) in its

structure.

- It can undergo reactions typical of both amines and alcohols, such as

nucleophilic substitution reactions.

5. Safety Considerations:

- Ethanolamine can be corrosive to the skin and eyes. Proper safety

precautions, including the use of protective equipment, should be

observed when handling this chemical.

6. Regulation:

- Ethanolamine is subject to various regulations and guidelines,

particularly in terms of workplace safety and environmental impact. Users

should be familiar with local regulations and take appropriate

precautions.

It's essential to note that ethanolamine is just one type of amine, and

there are other related compounds with similar structures and

properties. When using or handling any chemical, it's crucial to follow

safety guidelines, including proper storage, handling, and disposal

practices.