Learners With Learning Disability

URDANETA CITY College of
UNIVERSITY
Owned and operated by the City Government of Urdaneta
Teacher Education
Foundation on Special and Inclusive Education

First Semester, A.Y. 2023-2024
MODULE 7:
LEARNERS WITH LEARNING DISABILITY
Your bright future starts here (075) 600 - 1507

San Vicente West, Urdaneta City, Pangasinan
ucu.edu.ph | univpresidentofficial@gmail.com
UNIVERSITY
Teacher Education
LESSON 1: DESCRIPTION OF LEARNING DISABILITIES
Introduction
Let us together journey in understanding fully the definition and concepts of

learning disabilities. It is important to determine what is learning disability is
so that you can manage the child's needs, behavior, and appropriately utilize
educational intervention
A learning disability is a neurological disorder. In simple terms, a learning

disability results from a difference in the way a person's brain is "wired."
Children with learning disabilities are as smart as or smarter than their peers.
But they may have difficulty reading, writing, spelling reasoning, recalling
and/or organizing information if left to figure things out by themselves or if
taught in conventional ways.
A learning disability can't be cured or fixed; it is a lifelong issue. With

the right support and intervention, however, children with learning disabilities
can succeed in school and go on to successful, often distinguished careers
later in life. Parents can help children with learning disabilities achieve such
success by encouraging their strengths, knowing their weaknesses,
understanding the educational system, working with professionals and
learning about strategies for dealing with specific difficulties.
In the United States and Canada, the term learning disability is used to refer
to psychological and neurological conditions that affect a person's
communicative capacities and potential to be taught effectively. The term
includes such conditions as:
dysgraphia - writing disorder, dyslexia - reading disorder, mathematics
disorder developmental aphasia.
In the United Kingdom, the term learning disability is used more generally to
refer to developmental disability.
Someone with a learning disability does not necessarily have low or high
intelligence, nor any innate inability to learn. It just means this individual has
an impairment to their ability due to a processing disorder, such as auditory
processing or visual processing, that is detrimental to normal teaching
methods. Learning disabilities are usually identified by school psychologists
through testing of intelligence, academics and processes of learning.

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Teacher Education
LESSON 2: CATEGORIES OF LEARNING DISABILITIES
Introduction
Learning disabilities are due to genetic and/or neurobiological factors that

alter brain functioning in a manner which affects one or more cognitive
processes related to learning. These processing problems can interfere with
learning basic skills such as reading, writing and/or math. They can also
interfere with higher level skills such as organization, time planning, abstract
reasoning, long or short-term memory and attention. It is important to
realize that learning disabilities can affect an individual’s life beyond
academics and can impact relationships with family, friends and in the
workplace.
1. ADHD
A disorder that includes difficulty staying focused and paying attention,
controlling behavior and hyperactivity.
2. DYSCACULIA
A specific learning disability that affects a person’s ability to understand
numbers and learn math facts.
3. DYSGRAPHIA
A specific learning disability that affects a person’s handwriting ability and fine
motor skills.
4. DYSLEXIA
A specific learning disability that affects reading and related language-based
processing skills.
5. DYSPRAXIA
A disorder which causes problems with movement and coordination, language
and speech.
6. EXECUTIVE FUNCTIONING
Affects, planning, organization, strategizing, attention to details and managing
time and space.
7. NON-VERBAL LEARNING DISABILITIES

Has trouble interpreting nonverbal cues like facial expressions or body
language and may have poor coordination.
8. Oral / Written Language Disorder and Specific Reading

Comprehension Deficit

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Teacher Education
Learning disabilities that affect an individual’s understanding of what they

read or of spoken language. The ability to express one’s self with oral
language may also be impacted.
LESSON 3: CAUSES OF LEARNING DISABILITIES
1.Heredity
Often, learning disabilities run in the family, so it's not uncommon to find that
people with learning disabilities have parents or other relatives with similar
difficulties
2.Problems during pregnancy and birth

Learning disabilities may be caused by illness or injury during or before birth.
It may also be caused by low birth weight, lack of oxygen, drug and alcohol
use during pregnancy, and premature or prolonged labor.
3.Incidents after birth

Head injuries, nutritional deprivation, and exposure to toxic substances (i.e.
lead) can contribute to learning disabilities.
4.Acquired trauma
Presumes to be due to central nervous - dysfunction. When the brain is
developing before, during, or after birth.
5.Biochemical Imbalance
it was once theorized that biochemical disturbances within a child's body
caused
learning disabilities. For example, Feingold (1975, 1976) claimed that artificial
colorings and flavorings in many of the food’s children eat can cause learning
disabilities and hyperactivity.
6.Environmental Factors/Poor Instruction

Although very difficult to document as primary causes of learning disabilities,
environmental factors- particularly impoverished living conditions early in a
child's life and poor instruction, probably contribute to the achievement
deficits experienced by many children in this special education category.
Children cannot learn if they have not been properly taught. Quality schools
and excellent teachers count. Oftentimes children who have received
lowquality schooling are misdiagnosed with learning.

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Teacher Education
LESSON 4: TEACHING STRATEGIES
1. Break tasks into smaller steps

Don't try to teach everything at once. That doesn't work right for anyone at
all.
Especially those with learning disabilities have a lesser attention span, hence
you
have to make it both short and captivating. Thus, breaking the information
into smaller bite-sized chunks is an effective teaching strategy.
2. Present information in ways they can best adapt

Each one has a different learning style. Especially those with learning
difficulties have certain senses that are stronger than the others for them.
And as a teacher, you should work on identifying those and tutor your
students via the same These can be through 3 major learning styles that are,
visual, auditory or kinesthetic. And as per their stronger traits, you can alter
your teaching strategies, like helping them via graphics and videos, podcasts,
or by giving them small tasks and helping them with hands- on experience.
3. Probe regularly to ensure understanding

Once you have covered the topic do not leave it at that, get back to it and
check whether or not they remember it correctly. Revisions and reminders are
important for each one, and in this case too only practice will make perfect.
Many make it a strategy to revise with an online class every other day after
they take an offline session. This way they would be in touch with the topic
and also get familiar with
different learning platforms. (So make sure to invest in a good online teaching
app.)
4. Encourage independent practice
Allow them to experiment and learn on their own. Do not spoon-feed
everything. Once you familiarize them with certain topics or techniques, give
them some time and space to try them out on their own. Experimentation will
make things more interesting for them, and inculcate the trait of patience.
5. Model what you want students to do

Remember that influence outweighs everything else. What you do and show
them will stay with them for longer than what you instruct them to do. Like
it's rightly said, actions speak louder than words. Do things with them. Have
them contribute while showing them that you are with them on this ride.
6. Incorporate mnemonics
Another effective teaching strategy is to do it via mnemonics. This learning
method increase retention and retrieval with the help of varied cues to make

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Teacher Education
it easy. Though, as an educator, you have to make sure that the memory
tricks that you choose are actually easy for them to remember.

UNIVERSITY
Teacher Education
(075) 600 - 1507

Your bright future starts here ucu.edu.ph | univpresidentofficial@gmail.com
UNIVERSITY
Teacher Education
(075) 600 - 1507

UNIVERSITY
Teacher Education
(075) 600 - 1507


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URDANETA CITY College of

Foundation on Special and Inclusive Education

Your bright future starts here (075) 600 - 1507

LESSON 1: DESCRIPTION OF LEARNING DISABILITIES

Let us together journey in understanding fully the definition and concepts of

A learning disability is a neurological disorder. In simple terms, a learning

A learning disability can't be cured or fixed; it is a lifelong issue. With

Your bright future starts here (075) 600 - 1507

LESSON 2: CATEGORIES OF LEARNING DISABILITIES

Learning disabilities are due to genetic and/or neurobiological factors that

7. NON-VERBAL LEARNING DISABILITIES

8. Oral / Written Language Disorder and Specific Reading

Your bright future starts here (075) 600 - 1507

Learning disabilities that affect an individual’s understanding of what they

LESSON 3: CAUSES OF LEARNING DISABILITIES

2.Problems during pregnancy and birth

3.Incidents after birth

6.Environmental Factors/Poor Instruction

Your bright future starts here (075) 600 - 1507

LESSON 4: TEACHING STRATEGIES

1. Break tasks into smaller steps

2. Present information in ways they can best adapt

3. Probe regularly to ensure understanding

5. Model what you want students to do

Your bright future starts here (075) 600 - 1507

Your bright future starts here (075) 600 - 1507

(075) 600 - 1507

(075) 600 - 1507

(075) 600 - 1507

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