Recent Developments regarding Lacunary ∆ -Statistical Convergence

in Neutrosophic n-Normed Linear Spaces

M. Jeyaraman*, S. Satheesh Kanna,B. Silamparasan and J. Johnsy
P.G. & Research Department of Mathematics, Raja Doraisingam Govt. Arts
College, affiliated to Alagappa University, Sivagangai, Tamilnadu, India.
*jeya.math@gmail.com
ABSTRACT
The current paper's goal is to introduce lacunary ∆-statistically
convergent and lacunary ∆-statistically Cauchy sequences in
neutrosophic n-normed linear spaces, examine them, and come to some
significant conclusions about them. Also, we prove several useful results
for these notions. We demonstrate how sequences in this space have some
characteristics with lacunary ∆-statistical convergence of real sequences.
In contrast to other related works, we define the concept of convergence
of a sequence in neutrosophic n-normed linear spaces in this study. We
have also established the results using a new methodology. Additionally,
we provide some novel descriptions for lacunary sequences that are ∆-
statistically convergent and Cauchy. We demonstrate some inclusion
results between the set of ∆-statistically convergent and lacunary ∆-
statistically convergent sequences in neutrosophic n-normed linear spaces
by generalizing the concepts for complex number sequences.
Keywords: cauchy sequence, lacunary sequence, normed space, statistical
convergence
INTRODUCTION
In 1965, Zadeh [1] introduced the fuzzy set theory. This theory has been
used in numerous areas of mathematics, including metric and topological
spaces.This theory further develops as the theory of functions, and
approximation theory, in addition to other numerous sectors of
engineering, such as population dynamics, nonlinear dynamic systems,
and quantum physics. Researchers Kim and Cho [2], Malceski [3], and
Gunawan and Mashadi [4] all investigated n-normed linear spaces. Fuzzy
n-normalized linear space which was defined by Vijayabalaji and
Narayanan [5]. Schweizer [6] introduced the continuous t-norm and
Atanassov [7] used continuous t-norm and continuous t-conorm to
introduce the intuitionistic fuzzy sets. Intuitionistic fuzzy normed space

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was first introduced by Saadati and Park [8], while intuitionistic fuzzy n-
normed space was defined by Vijayabalaji et al. [9]. The concept of
lacunary statistical convergence was first proposed by Fridy and Orhan
[10].This concept became the basis for the investigations of lacunary
statistical convergence by Mursaleen and Mohiuddin [11] and Sen and
Debnath [12] in intuitionistic fuzzy normed spaces and intuitionistic fuzzy
n-normed spaces, respectively. Kizmaz developed the concept of
difference sequences, where ∆ x= ( ∆ x k )=x k −x k+1. The ∆ -Statistical
convergence of sequences was first described by Basarir [13]. The
definition of lacunary strong -convergence of fuzzy numbers was first
developed by Bilgin [14]. Many authors have also researched the
generalized difference between the sequence spaces.
The neutrosophic set (NS) is a fresh interpretation of
Smarandache's[15, 16] definition of the classical set. The concept of
neutrosophic metric spaces was first developed by Kirisci and Simsek [17]
and is used to address membership, non-membership, and naturalness. In
2022, Usman[18,19] found out the solution for the nonlinear differential
equation for contractive and weakly compatible mappings in neutrosophic
metric spaces and discussed the statistically convergent sequence.Some
fixed-point findings were demonstrated in the context of neutrosophic
metric spaces by Sowndrarajan etal.[20]. Approximate fixed point
theorems for weak contractions on neutrosophic normed spaces were
proven in 2022 by Jeyaraman [21, 22].
In a neutrosophic n-normed linear space[ NnNLS ], the concepts of
Sθ (∆)-convergent and Sθ (∆)-Cauchy sequences is presented by
establishing a connection between both. We demonstrated the relationship
between these ideas and provide their properties using a lacunary density.
2. PRELIMINARIES
Definition 2.1[12]. The following axioms define a continuous t-norm as a
binary operation* ∶ [0,1] × [0,1]→[0,1]
1. ¿ is continuous, commutative and associative,
2. ε∗1=ε for all ε ∈ [ 0 , 1 ] ,
3. If ε ≤ ε ' and θ ≤ θ' then ε∗θ ≤ ε '∗θ ' , for each ε , ε ' , θ ,θ ' ∈ [ 0 ,1 ] .
Definition 2.2[12]. The following axioms define a continuous t-conorm as
a binary operation⟡ : [ 0 ,1 ] × [ 0 ,1 ] →[0 ,1 ]
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1. ⟡ is continuous, commutative, and associative,

2. ε ⟡ 0=ε for all ε ∈ [ 0 , 1 ] ,
3. If ε ≤ θ and ε ' ≤ θ ' then ε ⟡ θ ≤ ε ' ⟡ θ ' , for each ε , ε ' , θ , θ ' ∈ [ 0 , 1 ] .
Definition 2.3. An NnNLS is the 7-tuple (X , μ , ϑ , ω ,∗, ⟡ , ⊙)where X is a
linear space over a field F, ¿ is a continuous t-norm, ⟡ and ⊙
continuoust-conorm, μ , ϑ∧ω are fuzzy sets on X n × ( 0 , ∞ ) , μdenotes the
degree of membership,ϑ denotes the indeterminacy and ω denotes the
non–membership of (u1 ,u 2 , … , un, t ) ∈ X n × ( 0 , ∞ ) satisfying the
following conditions for every (u1 ,u 2 , … , un) ∈ X nand s , t> 0.
a)
0 ≤ µ ( u1 , u2 ,… ,un , t ) ≤ 1 ; 0 ≤ϑ ( u 1 , u2 , … ,u n , t ) ≤ 1 ; 0 ≤ ω ( u1 ,u2 , … , un ,t ) ≤1 ;
b) µ ( u1 , u2 , … , un ,t ) +ϑ ( u1 , u2 ,… ,un , t )+ ω ( u1 , u2 , … , un , t ) ≤ 3 ,
c) µ ( u1 , u2 , … , un ,t ) >0,
d) µ ( u1 , u2 , … , un ,t )=1 if ∧only if u 1 , u2 , … ,u n are linearly dependent,
e) µ ( u1 , u2 , … , un ,t ) is invariant under any permutation of u1 ,u 2 , … , un ,

(
f) µ ( u1 , u2 , … , ∝un , t ) =µ u1 ,u 2 , … , un ,
t
|∝| ) for each ∝≠ 0 , ∝∈ F,

g) µ ( u1 , u2 , … , un , s )∗µ ( u1 , u2 , … , u' n ,t ) ≤ µ ( u1 ,u 2 , … , , un +u ' n , s +t ) ,

h) µ ( u1 , u2 , … , un ,t ) : ( 0 , ∞ ) → [ 0 ,1 ] is continuous in t,
i) lim µ ( u1 , u2 ,… , un , t ) =1∧lim µ ( y 1 , y 2 ,… , y n , t ) =0 ,
t →∞ t→0

j) ϑ ( u1 , u2 ,… ,un , t )< 1,
k) ϑ ( u1 , u2 ,… ,un , t )=0 if ∧only if u 1 , u2 , … ,u n are linearly dependent,
l) ϑ ( u1 , u2 ,… ,un , t ) is invariant under any permutation of y 1 , y 2 , … , y n,

(
m) ϑ ( u1 , u2 ,… ,∝ un ,t )=ϑ u1 , u2 , … , un ,
|∝|
t
) for each ∝ ≠ 0 ,∝ ∈ F,

n) ϑ ( u1 , u2 ,… ,un , s ) ⟡ ϑ ( u 1 , u2 , … ,u ' n , t ) ≥ϑ ( u 1 , u2 , … , ,u n+u ' n , s+t ) ,

o) ϑ ( u1 , u2 ,… ,un , t ) : ( 0 ,∞ ) → [ 0 , 1 ] is continuous in t,
p) lim ϑ ( u1 ,u 2 , … , un ,t ) =0∧lim ϑ ( y 1 , y 2 , … , y n ,t )=1 ,
t →∞ t→0
q) ω ( u 1 , u2 , … ,u n , t ) <1,
r) ω ( u 1 , u2 , … ,u n , t )=0 if ∧only if u1 , u2 , … , un are linearly dependent,
s) ω ( u 1 , u2 , … ,u n , t ) is invariant under any permutation of u1 ,u 2 , … , un ,

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(
t) ω ( u 1 , u2 , … ,∝ un ,t ) =ω u1 , u2 , … ,u n ,
|∝|
t
)
for each ∝≠ 0 , ∝∈ F,

u) ω ( u 1 , u2 , … ,u n , s ) ⊙ ω ( u 1 , u2 , … ,u ' n , t ) ≥ω ( u1 ,u2 , … , ,u n+ u' n , s+ t ) ,

v) ω ( u 1 , u2 , … ,u n , t ) : ( 0 , ∞ ) → [ 0 ,1 ] is continuous in t,
w) lim ω ( u1 ,u 2 , … , un , t ) =0∧lim ω ( u1 , u2 , … ,u n ,t )=1 ,
t →∞ t→0

Example 2.1. Let ( X ,‖∙, . . ., ∙‖)be a linear space with n norms.. Also, let
a∗b=ab ,
a ⟡ b=min { a+b , 1 }anda ⊙b=min { a+ b , 1 } , for everya , b ∈ [ 0 ,1 ] ,
t ‖u1 , u2 , … , un‖
µ ( u1 , u2 , … , un ,t )= , ϑ ( u1 ,u 2 , … , un , t ) = a
t+‖u1 , u2 , … , un‖ t +‖u 1 , u2 , … ,u n‖
nd
‖u 1 , u2 , … ,u n‖
ω ( u 1 , u2 , … ,u n , t )= .Then (X , μ , ϑ , ω ,∗, ⟡ , ⊙)is NnNLS .
t
Definition 2.4. [14] An increasing integer sequence θ={ k r } such that k 0=0
and hr =k r−k r−1 → ∞ as r → ∞ is said to be a lacunary sequence[ LS ]. Here
k
I r=¿ are the intervals determined by θ and q r= r .
k r−1
1
Let K ⊆ N . We call the number,δ θ ( K )=lim
r hr
|{ k ∈ I r : k ∈ K }|,theθ
-density of K , provided the limit exists.
Definition 2.7. [2] Consider a LS θ. A sequence y= { y k } of numbers is
said to be lacunary statistically convergent, or, Sθ ( ∆ )-convergent, to the
number L if for all positive number p, the set K ( p) has θ -density zero,
where
K ( p )= {k ∈ N :| y k −L|≥ p } and this is written as Sθ− lim y k =L.
k→ ∞

3. ∆ -CONVERGENCE AND LACUNARY ∆ -STATISTICAL

CONVERGENCE IN NnNLS
Definition 3.1. Assume that (X , μ , ϑ , ω ,∗, ⟡ , ⊙) is a NnNLS . A sequence
x= { x k } ∈ X is called ∆ -Convergent to L ∈ X in relation to the

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Neutrosophic n -norm (μ , ϑ , ω)n if, for allε > 0 , t>0 and y 1 , y 2 , … , y n−1 ∈ X
, there exists k 0 ∈ N such that μ ( y 1 , y 2 , … , y n−1 , ∆ x k −L , t )> 1−ε ,
ϑ ( y 1 , y 2 , … , y n−1 , ∆ x k −L, t ) <ε and ω ( y 1 , y 2 ,… , y n−1 , ∆ x k −L ,t ) < ε , for
all k ≥ k 0 , where k ∈ N and ∆ x k =(x k −x k−1 ). It's indicated by ( μ , ϑ , ω)n-
lim ∆ x k =L or ∆ x → L as k → ∞ .
k→∞ k

Definition 3.2. Assume that(X , μ , ϑ , ω ,∗, ⟡ , ⊙) is a NnNLS . A sequence

x= { x k } ∈ X is called lacunary ∆ -statistical convergent or Sθ (∆)-convergent
to L ∈ X in relation to the neutrosophic n-norm ( μ , ϑ , ω)nassuming that for
each ε > 0 , t>0 and y 1 , y 2 , … , y n−1 ∈ X ,

δθ( ∆)
({ k ∈ N : μ ( y 1 , y 2 , … , y n−1 , ∆ x k −L, t ) ≤1−ε
¿ ϑ ( y 1 , y 2 , … , y n−1 , ∆ x k −L, t ) ≥ ε∧¿ ω ( y 1 , y 2 ,… , y n−1 , ∆ x k −L ,t ) ≥ ε })
=0 ,

¿ equivalently δ θ ( ∆ )
({ k ∈ N : μ ( y 1 , y 2 , … , y n−1 , ∆ x k −L , t ) >1−ε ,
ϑ ( y 1 , y 2 , … , y n−1 , ∆ x k −L, t ) <ε ∧¿ ω ( y 1 , y 2 , … , y n−1 , ∆ x k −L, t ) <ε })
n

It's indicated by Sθ( μ ,ϑ , ω) ( ∆ )−lim x=Lor x k → L(Sθ ( ∆ )).

We can get the lemma by using definition (3.2) and the properties of the θ-
density.
Lemma 3.1. Assume that(X , μ , ϑ , ω ,∗, ⟡ , ⊙) is a NnNLS andθ be a LS .
Next, for eachε > 0 , t>0 and y 1 , y 2 , … , y n−1 ∈ X ,the following claims are
interchangeable:
n

i. Sθ( μ ,ϑ , ω) ( ∆ )−lim x=L,

ii. δ θ ( ∆ ) ( {k ∈ N : μ ( y 1 , y 2 , … , y n−1 , ∆ x k −L , t ) ≤ 1−ε })

=δ θ ( ∆ ) ( {k ∈ N :ϑ ( y 1 , y 2 , … , y n−1 , ∆ x k −L, t ) ≥ ε })

=δ θ ( ∆ ) ( {k ∈ N :ω ( y1 , y 2 , … , y n−1 , ∆ x k −L ,t ) ≥ ε })=0 ,
iii.

δθ( ∆)
({ k ∈ N : μ ( y 1 , y 2 , … , y n−1 , ∆ x k −L, t ) >1−ε ,
ϑ ( y 1 , y 2 , … , y n−1 , ∆ x k −L, t ) <ε ∧¿ ω ( y 1 , y 2 , … , y n−1 , ∆ x k −L ,t ) <ε })
=1,

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iv. δ θ ( ∆ ) ( {k ∈ N : μ ( y 1 , y 2 , … , y n−1 , ∆ x k −L , t ) > 1−ε })

=δ θ ( ∆ ) ( {k ∈ N :ϑ ( y 1 , y 2 , … , y n−1 , ∆ x k −L, t ) <ε })

=δ θ ( ∆ ) ( {k ∈ N :ω ( y1 , y 2 , … , y n−1 , ∆ x k −L ,t ) < ε })=1,

v. Sθ−lim μ(¿ y 1 , y 2 , … , y n−1 , ∆ x k −L ,t )=1¿ ,
Sθ−lim ϑ (¿ y 1 , y 2 , … , y n −1 , ∆ x k −L , t)=0 ¿and
Sθ−lim ω (¿ y 1 , y 2 , … , y n−1 , ∆ x k −L , t)=0 ¿ .
Theorem 3.1. Let (X , μ , ϑ , ω ,∗, ⟡ , ⊙) be a NnNLS and θ be a LS . If
n
n ( μ ,ϑ , ω)
(μ , ϑ , ω) −lim ∆ x=L, then Sθ ( ∆ )−lim x=L.
Proof: Let (μ , ϑ , ω)n−lim ∆ x=L. Then, for eachε > 0 , t>0 and
y 1 , y 2 , … , y n−1 ∈ X , there exists k 0 ∈ N such that
μ ( y 1 , y 2 , … , y n−1 , ∆ x k −L , t )> 1−ε ,
ϑ ( y 1 , y 2 , … , y n−1 , ∆ x k −L, t ) <ε andω ( y 1 , y 2 ,… , y n−1 , ∆ x k −L ,t ) < ε , for all
k ≥ k 0.
Hence the set
{ k ∈ N : μ ( y 1 , y 2 , … , y n−1 , ∆ x k −L , t ) ≤ 1−ε ∨¿ ϑ ( y 1 , y 2 , … , y n−1 , ∆ x k −L , t ) ≥ ε ∧¿ ω ( y 1 , y 2
has a set of limited terms.
Since the lacunary density of each finite subset of N is 0,
δ θ ( ∆ ) ( {k ∈ N : μ ( y 1 , y 2 , … , y n−1 , ∆ x k −L , t ) ≤ 1−ε∨¿ ϑ ( y 1 , y 2 , … , y n−1 , ∆ x k −L ,t ) ≥ ε∧¿ ω (
,
n

that is, Sθ( μ ,ϑ , ω) ( ∆ )−lim x=L.

Theorem (3.1)'s converse is not generally true, as is seen from the case
that follows.

|(| |)|
x 11 ⋯ x 1 n
Example 3.1. Consider X =R with ‖x 1 , x 2 , … , x n‖=
n
⋮ ⋱ ⋮ ,
xn1 ⋯ x nn
n
where x i=( x i 1 , x i 2 , … , x ¿ ) ∈ R for each i=1 , 2 ,… , n and let a∗b=ab ,

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a ⟡ b=min { a+b , 1 } , a ⊙b=min { a+b , 1 }, for all a , b ∈[0 , 1]. Now, for all
n
y 1 , y 2 , … , y n−1 , x ∈ R and
t
t >0 , μ ( y 1 , y 2 ,… , y n−1 , x , t ) = ,
t+‖ y 1 , y 2 , … , y n−1 , x‖

‖ y 1 , y 2 , … , y n−1 , x‖
ϑ ( y 1 , y 2 , … , y n−1 , x ,t ) = and
t +‖ y 1 , y 2 , … , y n−1 , x‖
‖ y 1 , y 2 , … , y n−1 , x‖. Then
(R , μ ,ϑ ,ω ,∗, ⟡ ,⊙)
n
ω ( y 1 , y 2 ,… , y n−1 , x , t ) =
t
is a NnNLS .
Let I rand hr have the meanings they have in definition (2.6).
Define a sequence with terms provided by x= { x k } .

{( )
}
( n−[ √h r ] +1 )(−n+[ √ hr ] )
,0 , … , 0 ∈ R if 1 ≤ k ≤ n−[ √ hr ] ,
n
2
xk=
( −12 k + 12 k , 0 , … , 0) ∈ R if n−[ √ h ] +1≤ k ≤ n ,
2 n
r
such that

( −12 n + 12 n , 0 , … , 0)∈ R if k >n

2 n

∆ x k =¿
For every 0< ε <1 and for any y 1 , y 2 , … , y n−1 ∈ X ,t >0 , let
K ( ε , t )={k ∈ I r : μ ( y 1 , y 2 , … , y n−1 , ∆ x k −L, t ) ≤1−ε∨¿ϑ ( y 1 , y 2 , … , y n−1 , ∆ x k −L , t ) ≥ ε∧¿
.

{
Now, K ( ε , t )= k ∈ I r :‖ y 1 , y2 , … , y n−1 , ∆ x k‖≥
εt
1−ε
>0 }
⊆ { k ∈ I r : ∆ x k =(k , 0 , … ,0)∈ R n }.

1 [ √h r ] → 0 as r → ∞.
Thus, we have
hr |{ k ∈ I r :k ∈ K (ε , t) }|≤
hr

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Hence, Sθ( μ ,ϑ , ω) ( ∆ )−lim x=0 . As opposed to that, x= { x k } in X is not ∆ -

n

convergent to 0in relation to the neutrosophic n -norm, since

t
μ ( y 1 , y 2 , … , y n−1 , ∆ x k , t ) =
t +‖ y1 , y 2 ,… , y n−1 , ∆ x k‖
¿ ¿,
‖ y1 , y 2 , … , y n−1 , ∆ x k‖
ϑ ( y 1 , y 2 , … , y n−1 , ∆ x k , t )=
t+‖ y 1 , y 2 , … , y n−1 , ∆ x k‖
¿ ¿and
‖ y 1 , y 2 , … , y n−1 , ∆ x k‖
ω ( y 1 , y 2 ,… , y n−1 , ∆ x k , t )=
t
¿ ¿.
The theorem's proof is now complete.
Theorem 3.2. Let (X , μ , ϑ , ω ,∗, ⟡ , ⊙) be a NnNLS . Then
n

Sθ( μ ,ϑ , ω) ( ∆ )−lim x=L, if andonly if there exists an ascending sequence

K= { k n } occurs of the natural numbers like that Sδ ( ∆ ) ( K )=1 and
n
(μ , ϑ , ω) −lim ∆ x k =L.
k∈ K
n

Proof: Necessity. Assume that Sθ( μ ,ϑ , ω) ( ∆ )−lim x=L. Then, for every
y 1 , y 2 , … , y n−1 ∈ X ,t >0 and j=1 ,2 , …

{ }
1
k ∈ N : μ ( y 1 , y 2 , … , y n−1 , ∆ x k −L, t ) >1− ,
K ( j , t)= j
1 1
ϑ ( y 1 , y 2 ,… , y n−1 , ∆ x k −L ,t ) < ∧¿ ω ( y 1 , y 2 , … , y n−1 , ∆ x k −L, t ) <
j j
and

{ 1 1
M ( j ,t )= k ∈ N : μ ( y 1 , y 2 , … , y n−1 , ∆ x k −L, t ) ≤1− ∨¿ ϑ ( y 1 , y 2 , … , y n−1 , ∆ x k −L, t ) ≥ ∧
j j
.
Then δ θ ( ∆ ) (M ( j , t ) )=0 since,
K ( j ,t)⊃ K ( j+ 1, t) (3.1)

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and
δ θ ( ∆ ) (K ( j , t ))=1 , (3.2)
fort >0 and j=1 ,2 , … . Now, we must demonstrate that to k ∈ K ( j , t)
imagine that in some casesk ∈ K ( j , t), x= { x k } not ∆ -convergent to Lin
relation toneutrosophic n -norm (μ , ϑ , ω)n. Consequently, there isα >0 and
a non-negative integer k 0like that μ ( y 1 , y 2 , … , y n−1 , ∆ x k −L , t ) ≤ 1−α or
ϑ ( y 1 , y 2 , … , y n−1 , ∆ x k −L, t ) ≥ α and ( y 1 , y 2 , … , y n−1 , ∆ x k −L, t ) ≥ α ,for all
k ≥ k 0.
1
Let α > and
j

K ( j , t)=
{ k ∈ N : μ ( y1 , y 2 , … , y n−1 , ∆ x k −L ,t ) >1−α ,
ϑ ( y 1 , y 2 ,… , y n−1 , ∆ x k −L ,t ) < α∧¿ ω ( y 1 , y 2 , … , y n−1 , ∆ x k −L , t ) < α . }
.
1
Then δ θ ( ∆ ) (K ( α ,t ) )=0. Since α > by (3.1) we have δ θ ( ∆ ) ( K ( j ,t ) ) =0,
j
which contradicts by Eq. (3.2).
Sufficiency. Let's say there is an ascending series K= { k n } of the natural
n
numbers like thatδ θ ( ∆ ) ( K )=1and ( μ , ϑ , ω) −lim ∆ x k =L, k∈ K

i.e., for every y 1 , y 2 , … , y n−1 ∈ X , ε >0 and t >0, there exists n 0 ∈ N such
that μ ( y 1 , y 2 , … , y n−1 , ∆ x k −L , t )> 1−ε ,ϑ ( y 1 , y 2 , … , y n−1 , ∆ x k −L, t ) <ε
and ω ( y 1 , y 2 ,… , y n−1 , ∆ x k −L ,t ) < ε .
Let
M ( ε , t )= {k ∈ N : μ ( y 1 , y 2 , … , y n−1 , ∆ x k −L, t ) ≤ 1−ε∨¿ ϑ ( y 1 , y 2 ,… , y n−1 , ∆ x k −L ,t ) ≥ ε∧¿
⊆ { k n +1 , k n +2 , … } and consequently δ θ ( ∆ ) ( M ( ε ,t ) ) ≤1−1=0 .
0 0

Hence Sθ( μ ,ϑ , ω) ( ∆ )−lim x=L. The theorem's proof is now complete.

Theorem 3.3. Let (X , μ , ϑ , ω ,∗, ⟡ , ⊙)be a NnNLS . Then
( ∆ )−lim x=L, if and only if a convergent sequence y= { y k }exists
n
( μ ,ϑ , ω)
Sθ
and a lacunary∆ -statistically null sequence z= { z k } in relation to the
neutrosophic n -norm ( μ , ϑ , ω )n like that( μ , ϑ , ω )n−lim y= L,
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∆ x= y+ ∆ z and δ θ ( ∆ ) ( { k ∈ N :∆ z k =0 } )=1.
n

Proof: Necessity. Imagine that Sθ( μ ,ϑ , ω) ( ∆ )−lim x=L and

{ }
1
k ∈ N : μ ( y 1 , y 2 , … , y n−1 , ∆ x k −L, t ) >1− ,
K ( j , t)= j
1 1
ϑ ( y 1 , y 2 ,… , y n−1 , ∆ x k −L ,t ) < ∧¿ ω ( y 1 , y 2 , … , y n−1 , ∆ x k −L, t ) < .
j j
.
Using theorem (3.2) for any y 1 , y 2 , … , y n−1 ∈ X ,t >0 and j ∈ N , we can
construct a natural number increasing index sequence { r j } such that
r j ∈ K ( j ,t ) , δ θ ( ∆ ) ( K ( j , t )) =1 and thus, we draw the conclusion that for
each r >r j ( j∈ N ),

{ }
1
k ∈ I r : μ ( y1 , y 2 , … , y n−1 , ∆ x k −L ,t ) >1− ,
1 j j−1
>
hr 1 1 j
ϑ ( y 1 , y 2 , … , y n−1 , ∆ x k −L ,t ) < ∧¿ ω ( y 1 , y2 , … , y n−1 , ∆ x k − L, t ) < .
j j
.
Define y= { y k } and z= { z k } as follows. If 1<k < r 1, we set y k =∆ x k and
z k =0 .
Now suppose that j ≥ 1andr j< k ≤ r j +1.
1
If k ∈ K ( j, t ), i.e., μ ( y 1 , y 2 , … , y n−1 , ∆ x k −L , t )> 1− ,
j
1 1
ϑ ( y 1 , y 2 , … , y n−1 , ∆ x k −L, t ) < and ω ( y 1 , y 2 ,… , y n−1 , ∆ x k −L ,t ) < ,
j j
we set y k =∆ x k and ∆ z k =0.
Otherwise, y k =L and ∆ z k =∆ x k −L. Thus, it is evident that∆ x= y+ ∆ z.
1
We assert that( μ , ϑ , ω )n−lim y= L. Let ε > . If k ∈ K ( j, t ) for all k > r j ,
j
μ ( y 1 , y 2 , … , y n−1 , y k −L , t ) > 1−ε , ϑ ( y 1 , y 2 , … , y n−1 , y k −L, t ) <ε and
ω ( y 1 , y 2 ,… , y n−1 , y k −L ,t ) < ε .

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Because ε was arbitrary, we have established the assertion. Next, assert

that z= { z k } is a lacunary ∆-statistically null sequence with regard to the
neutrosophic n -norm( μ , ϑ , ω )n ,
n

i.e., Sθ( μ ,ϑ , ω) ( ∆ )−lim z=0 .

It suffices to see that δ θ ( ∆ ) ( { k ∈ N :∆ z k =0 } )=1to support the

assertion.This results from the fact that:

|{k ∈ I r : ∆ z k =0 }|≤|{ k ∈ I r : μ ( y 1 , y 2 , … , y n−1 , ∆ z k −L, t ) >1−ε ,

}|
ϑ ( y 1 , y 2 , … , y n−1 , ∆ z k −L ,t ) <ε ∧¿ ω ( y 1 , y 2 , … , y n−1 , ∆ z k −L ,t ) < ε
,

1
for eachr ∈ N and ε > 0. We demonstrate if δ >0 and j ∈ N such that < δ,
j
then
1
hr
|{k ∈ I r :∆ z k =0 }|>1−δ for all r >r j. Remember from the design that if
k ∈ K ( j , t), then ∆ z k =0 for r j< k ≤ r j +1. Now, for t >0and s ∈ N , let

{ }
1
k ∈ N : μ ( y 1 , y 2 , … , y n−1 , ∆ x k −L , t ) > 1− ,
K ( s ,t )= s
1 1
ϑ ( y 1 , y 2 , … , y n−1 , ∆ x k −L ,t ) < ∧¿ ω ( y 1 , y 2 , … , y n−1 , ∆ x k −L , t ) < .
s s
.
For s> j and r s< k ≤r s+1 by (3.6.2),

{ }
1
k ∈ N : μ ( y 1 , y 2 , … , y n−1 , ∆ x k −L , t ) >1− ,
K ( s ,t )= s ⊂ { k ∈ N :∆
1 1
ϑ ( y 1 , y 2 , … , y n−1 , ∆ x k −L ,t ) < ∧¿ ω ( y 1 , y 2 , … , y n−1 , ∆ x k −L , t ) <
s s
.
Consequently, if r s< k ≤r s+1and s> j, then

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|{
1
1 1 k ∈ I r : μ ( y 1 , y 2 , … , y n−1 , ∆ x k −L ,t ) >1− ,
s
hr
|{ k ∈ I r :∆ z k =0 }|≥
hr 1
ϑ ( y 1 , y 2 , … , y n−1 , ∆ x k −L, t ) < ∧¿ ω ( y 1 , y 2 , … , y n−1 , ∆ x k −L , t ) <
s

1 1
¿ 1− > 1− >1−δ .
s j
Thus, we obtainδ θ ( ∆ ) ( { k ∈ N :∆ z k =0 } )=1,which supports the assertion.
Sufficiency Let x , y and z be sequence such that ( μ , ϑ , ω )n−lim y= L,
∆ x= y+ ∆ z and δ θ ( ∆ ) ( { k ∈ N :∆ z k =0 } )=1.
Then for each y 1 , y 2 , … , y n−1 ∈ X , ε >0and t >0, we have
{ k ∈ N : μ ( y 1 , y 2 , … , y n−1 , ∆ x k −L , t ) ≤ 1−ε ∨¿ ϑ ( y 1 , y 2 , … , y n−1 , ∆ x k −L , t ) ≥ ε ∧¿ ω ( y 1 , y 2
⊆ { k ∈ N : μ ( y 1 , y 2 , … , y n−1 , y k −L , t ) ≤ 1−ε ∨¿ ϑ ( y 1 , y 2 , … , y n−1 , y k −L , t ) ≥ ε ∧¿ ω ( y 1 , y 2 ,
.
Therefore,
δ θ ( ∆ ) {k ∈ N : μ ( y 1 , y 2 , … , y n−1 , ∆ x k −L ,t ) ≤1−ε∨¿ ϑ ( y 1 , y 2 , … , y n −1 , ∆ x k −L , t ) ≥ ε ∧¿ ω (

≤ δ θ ( {k ∈ N : μ ( y 1 , y 2 , … , y n−1 , y k −L, t ) ≤1−ε∨¿ϑ ( y 1 , y 2 , … , y n−1 , y k −L ,t ) ≥ ε∧¿ ω ( y 1 , y

.
Since ( μ , ϑ , ω )n−lim y= L, the set

{ k ∈ N : μ ( y 1 , y 2 , … , y n−1 , y k −L , t ) ≤ 1−ε ∨¿ ϑ ( y 1 , y 2 , … , y n−1 , y k −L , t ) ≥ ε ∧¿ ω ( y 1 , y 2 , …

includes only a finite number of terms, thus
δ θ ( { k ∈ N :μ ( y 1 , y 2 , … , y n−1 , y k −L ,t ) ≤1−ε ∨¿ ϑ ( y 1 , y 2 , … , y n−1 , y k −L , t ) ≥ ε ∧¿ ω ( y 1 , y 2 ,
.
Additionally, according to suppositionδ θ ( ∆ ) { k ∈ N : ∆ z k ≠ 0 }. Hence,
δ θ ( ∆ ) {k ∈ N : μ ( y 1 , y 2 , … , y n−1 , ∆ x k −L ,t ) ≤1−ε∨¿ ϑ ( y 1 , y 2 , … , y n −1 , ∆ x k −L , t ) ≥ ε ∧¿ ω (
and
n

Consequently, Sθ( μ ,ϑ , ω) ( ∆ )−lim x=L.

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4. SEQUENCES IN NnNLS WITH LACUNARY ∆-STATISTICAL

CAUCHY STRUCTURE
Definition 4.1. Assume that(X , μ , ϑ , ω ,∗, ⟡ , ⊙) is a NnNLS . A sequence
x= { x k } ∈ X is called∆ -cauchy in relation to the neutrosophic n -norm
( μ , ϑ , ω )n if, for eachε > 0 , t>0 and y 1 , y 2 , … , y n−1 ∈ X , there exists k 0 ∈ N
such that μ ( y 1 , y 2 , … , y n−1 , ∆ x k −∆ x m , t ) >1−ε ,
ϑ ( y 1 , y 2 , … , y n−1 , ∆ x k −∆ x m ,t ) < ε and ω ( y 1 , y 2 ,… , y n−1 , ∆ x k −∆ x m , t ) < ε
for allk , m ≥ k 0.
Definition 4.2. Assume that(X , μ , ϑ , ω ,∗, ⟡ , ⊙) is a NnNLS . A sequence
x= { x k } ∈ X is called lacunary ∆ -statistically cauchy or Sθ (∆)-cauchy in
relation to the neutrosophic n -norm( μ , ϑ , ω )n if, for eachε > 0 , t>0 and
y 1 , y 2 , … , y n−1 ∈ X , there exists a number m ∈ N satisfying
δ θ ( ∆ ) {k ∈ N : μ ( y 1 , y 2 , … , y n−1 , ∆ x k −∆ x m , t ) ≤ 1−ε ∨¿ ϑ ( y 1 , y 2 , … , y n−1 , ∆ x k −∆ x m ,t ) ≥ ε∧
.
Theorem 4.1. Consider(X , μ , ϑ , ω ,∗, ⟡ , ⊙) be a NnNLS . If a sequence
x= { x k } ∈ X is lacunary∆ -statistically convergent in relation to the
neutrosophic n-norm ( μ , ϑ , ω )n if and only if it is lacunary ∆ -statistically
cauchy in relation to the neutrosophic n-norm ( μ , ϑ , ω )n.
Proof: Let L be the convergence point of the lacunary∆ -statistically
convergent sequence x= { x k }.Choose ¿ 0, for a given ε > 0such that
( 1−ε )∗(1−ε ) >1−s , ε ⟡ ε < s and ε ⊙ ε <s .
Let
A ( ε , t )={ k ∈ N :μ ( y 1 , y 2 ,… , y n−1 , ∆ x k −L ,t /2 ) ≤ 1−ε ∨¿ ϑ ( y 1 , y 2 , … , y n−1 , ∆ x k −L , t /2 ) ≥
.
Then for any t >0and y 1 , y 2 , … , y n−1 ∈ X ,
δ θ ( ∆ ) ( A ( ε , t )) =0, (4.1)
it suggests thatδ θ ( ∆ ) ( Ac ( ε , t ) ) =1. Let q ∈ A c ( ε , t ) .
Consequently, μ ( y 1 , y 2 , … , y n−1 , ∆ x q−L , t /2 )> 1−ε,
ϑ ( y 1 , y 2 , … , y n−1 , ∆ x k −L, t /2 ) <ε and ω ( y 1 , y 2 ,… , y n−1 , ∆ x k −L ,t /2 ) < ε .

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Now, Let
B ( s ,t )={ k ∈ N : μ ( y 1 , y 2 , … , y n−1 , ∆ x k −∆ xq , t /2 ) ≤ 1−s∨¿ ϑ ( y 1 , y 2 , … , y n−1 , ∆ x k −∆ x q , t
.
We must demonstrate that B ( s ,t ) ⊂ A ( ε ,t ). Let k ∈ B ( s , t ) ∩ Ac ( ε , t ).
Hence μ ( y 1 , y 2 , … , y n−1 , ∆ x k −∆ x q ,t ) ≤1−s ,
μ ( y 1 , y 2 , … , y n−1 , ∆ x k −L , t /2 )> 1−ε ,

in particular, μ ( y 1 , y 2 , … , y n−1 , ∆ x q −L, t /2 ) >1−ε .

Then1−s ≥ μ ( y 1 , y 2 , … , y n−1 , ∆ x k −∆ xq , t )
≥ μ ( y 1 , y 2 , … , y n−1 , ∆ x k −L , t/2 )∗μ ( y 1 , y 2 , … , y n−1 , ∆ x q−L , t /2 )
¿ ( 1−ε )∗(1−ε ) >1−s , which is not possible.
On the other hand, ϑ ( y 1 , y 2 , … , y n−1 , ∆ x k −∆ x q , t ) ≥ s and
ϑ ( y 1 , y 2 , … , y n−1 , ∆ x k −L, t /2 ) <ε , in particular,
ϑ ( y 1 , y 2 , … , y n−1 , ∆ x q −L ,t /2 ) < ε .

Hence, s ≤ ϑ ( y 1 , y 2 , … , y n −1 , ∆ x k −∆ x q , t )
≤ ϑ ( y 1 , y 2 , … , y n−1 , ∆ x k −L , t /2 ) ⟡ ϑ ( y 1 , y 2 , … , y n−1 , ∆ x q−L , t /2 )
¿ ε ⟡ ε < s, which is not possible.
Similarly, ω ( y 1 , y 2 ,… , y n−1 , ∆ x k −∆ x q , t ) ≥ s ,
ω ( y 1 , y 2 ,… , y n−1 , ∆ x k −L ,t /2 ) < ε ,

in particular, ω ( y 1 , y 2 ,… , y n−1 , ∆ x q−L , t/2 ) < ε .

Hence, s ≤ ω ( y 1 , y 2 , … , y n−1 , ∆ x k −∆ x q ,t )
≤ ω ( y 1 , y 2 , … , y n−1 , ∆ x k −L, t /2 ) ⊙ ω ( y 1 , y 2 , … , y n−1 , ∆ x q−L , t /2 )
¿ ε ⊙ ε< s , which is not possible.
Hence, B ( s ,t ) ⊂ A ( ε ,t ) and by Eq. (4.1) δ θ ( ∆ ) ( B ( ε ,t ) )=0.
This demonstrates that, with respect to the Neutrosophic n -norm ( μ , ϑ , ω )n ,
x is lacunary∆ -statistically cauchy.
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Let x= { x k }, on the other hand, be lacunary ∆ -statisticallycauchy but not ∆ -

statistically converging with regard to the neutrosophic n -norm ( μ , ϑ , ω )n .
Choose ¿ 0, for a given ε > 0such that( 1−ε )∗(1−ε ) >1−s , ε ⟡ ε < s and
ε ⊙ ε <s . x is not lacunary ∆ -convergent, thus.
μ ( y 1 , y 2 , … , y n−1 , ∆ x k −∆ x m , t )
≥ μ ( y 1 , y 2 , … , y n−1 , ∆ x k −L , t/2 )∗μ ( y 1 , y 2 , … , y n−1 , ∆ x q−L , t /2 )
¿ ( 1−ε )∗(1−ε ) >1−s ,
ϑ ( y 1 , y 2 , … , y n−1 , ∆ x k −∆ x m ,t )
≤ ϑ ( y 1 , y 2 , … , y n−1 , ∆ x k −L , t /2 ) ⟡ ϑ ( y 1 , y 2 , … , y n−1 , ∆ x q−L , t /2 )
¿ε ⟡ε<s
ω ( y 1 , y 2 ,… , y n−1 , ∆ x k −∆ x m , t )
≤ ω ( y 1 , y 2 , … , y n−1 , ∆ x k −L, t /2 ) ⊙ ω ( y 1 , y 2 , … , y n−1 , ∆ x q−L , t /2 )
¿ ε ⊙ ε< s .
Therefore δ θ ( ∆ ) ( Ec ( s ,t ) ) =0, where
B ( s ,t )={ k ∈ N : μ ( y 1 , y 2 , … , y n−1 , ∆ x k −∆ xq , t ) ≤ 1−s∨¿ ϑ ( y 1 , y 2 , … , y n−1 , ∆ x k −∆ x q ,t ) ≥
and so
δ θ ( ∆ ) ( E ( s ,t ) ) =1.It is in conflict with the fact that x was lacunary ∆ -
statistically cauchy with respect to the neutrosophic n -norm ( μ , ϑ , ω )n . In
light of the neutrosophicn-norm ( μ , ϑ , ω )n , x must be lacunary ∆ -
statistically convergent.
Corollary 4.1. Let (X , μ , ϑ , ω ,∗, ⟡ , ⊙) be a NnNLS and θ be a LS . Then,
for any sequence x= { x k } ∈ X , the following circumstances are comparable:
i. With respect to the neutrosophic n-norm ( μ , ϑ , ω )n, x is Sθ (∆)-
Convergent.
ii. With respect to the neutrosophic n-norm ( μ , ϑ , ω )n, x is Sθ (∆)-Cauchy.

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iii. There is a natural number sequence of increasing length K= { k n } such

that δ θ ( ∆ ) ( K )=1and the subsequence { x k } is δ θ ( ∆ ) -Cauchy with regard
n

to the Neutrosophic n-norm ( μ , ϑ , ω )n.

CONCLUSION
The current study has introduced the developments of lacunary,
established various properties of Sθ (∆)-convergent and Sθ (∆)- cauchy
sequences in NnNLS . Furthermore, this concept can be used in the future
to find the fixed point results of NnNLS for various types of mapping by
using various contraction conditions.
Conflict of Interest
There is no conflict of interest among author of this article.
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