Task 4- Base on scientific literature, investigate the environmental, social and economic consequences of

your product during manufacturing stage due to the inputs and outputs.

Environmental, social and economic consequences of your product during manufacturing stage due to the inputs
and outputs.

Manufacturing environmental social economic Reference

process consequences consequences consequences
(direct/indirect) (direct) (direct)
Pulping Water pollution Working The need for more 1,2
conditions, freshwater will
Air pollution community health make water prices
concerns. go up.

Bleaching Water pollution Working Increased healthcare 3

conditions, social costs.
Affecting disruption.
biodiversity

Forming Significant water Occupational health Infrastructure and 4

consumption hazards, noise and maintenance costs.
environmental
Soil pollution disruption.

Pressing Significant energy community health Loss of income due 5

consumption concerns, to waste (energy
community and heat).
Solid waste disruption.
generation

Drying Harmful air occupational health Energy costs, 6

emissions hazards, community maintenance and
health concerns. equipment costs.
Wastewater
generation

Calendering Water pollution Working conditions, Increased 7

community health operational costs,
Significant energy concerns. waste management
and resource expenses.
consumption
 Cutting and Waste generation Employment Loss of income due 8
reeling instability, to waste
Resource depletion occupational health (packaging)
hazards

Winding Greenhouse gas Working conditions, Labor costs, 8

emission occupational health operational costs
hazards
Waste generation

Making exercise Significant energy occupational health Technology and 9

book consumption and safety hazards, Infrastructure cost
Employment
Water and soil instability
pollution

References
1. Bank, W. (1993) Environmental considerations in the pulp and paper industry . Available at:
https://documents1.worldbank.org/curated/pt/109841468767083214/pdf/multi-page.pdf (Accessed:
24 November 2023).
2. (2007) Social Impacts Fact Sheet - environmental paper network. Available at:
https://environmentalpaper.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/09/social-impacts-fact-sheet.pdf (Accessed:
24 November 2023).
3. Miller, A. (2023) Environmental impacts of bleach and Greener Alternatives, Action for Renewables.
Available at: https://www.actionforrenewables.org/is-bleach-bad-for-the-environment/ (Accessed:
24 November 2023).

4. (No date) Papermaking forming . Available at: https://www.fibrelab.ubc.ca/files/2013/01/Topic-13-

Papermaking-Forming-Lecture.pdf (Accessed: 24 November 2023).

5. Samani, N. (2023) Paper manufacturing process: How paper is made? Available at:
https://www.deskera.com/blog/paper-manufacturing-process-how-paper-is-made/ (Accessed: 24
November 2023).
6. Karlsson, M. (2001) DRYING OF PAPER – AN OVERVIEW, THE STATE OF PAPER DRYING
KNOWLEDGE. Available at: https://bioresources.cnr.ncsu.edu/ (Accessed: 24 November 2023).
7. (No date) Calendering and Reeling 1 Introduction. Available at:
https://www.fibrelab.ubc.ca/files/2013/01/Topic-16-Papermaking-Calendering-text.pdf (Accessed:
24 November 2023).
8. Loewen, S. and Stevens , R. (no date) Winding and Reeling Quality  and Productivity
Optimization. Available at:
https://lszpaper.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/07/TrackingAndOptimizingReelToWinderProductivityIn
ASupercalenderedPaperMill.pdf (Accessed: 24 November 2023).
9. (2022) How exercise books are made. Available at: https://www.yixuanprint.com/blogs/how-to-make-
an-exercise-book.html (Accessed: 24 November 2023).