Understanding of

Type 1 Diabetes

Adriana Cojocari
 Introduction
Type 1 diabetes is a chronic condition in which the
1
pancreas produces little to no insulin, a hormone necessary
to allow sugar (glucose) to enter cells to produce energy.
This photo captures the essence of perseverance and
strength in facing this condition. Type 1 diabetes is an
autoimmune disease in which the body's immune system
mistakenly attacks and destroys insulin-producing beta
cells in the pancreas.

2 Definition and Basic Facts

It's essential to comprehend that type 1 diabetes
requires regular monitoring and management, as
individuals with this condition rely on insulin therapy
and other treatments to stay healthy.

3 Importance of Understanding
It's crucial to understand type 1 diabetes to support
affected individuals and to promote early detection
and intervention for better health outcomes.
Also Causes 1 Autoimmune
Destruction
2 Genetic
This occurs when the
immune system
mistakenly targets and
destroys the insulin-
producing beta cells in
the pancreas, leading to
a lack of insulin.
Predisposition
3 Environmental
Individuals with specific
genetic predispositions
are at a higher risk of
developing type 1
diabetes due to
inherited genes linked
to the autoimmune
process.
Factors
Environmental factors
such as viral infections
and dietary factors can
trigger the autoimmune
response leading to the
development of type 1
diabetes.
Symptoms
1 Common Symptoms
Recognizing symptoms like polyuria,
2 Polyuria
polydipsia, polyphagia, unexplained weight
Increased urination, especially at night, is a
loss, and fatigue is crucial for early diagnosis
common early sign of type 1 diabetes.
and intervention.

3 Polydipsia 4 Polyphagia
Excessive thirst and dry mouth can be Unexplained hunger and increased food
indicators of the body's attempt to intake due to cell starvation are noticeable
eliminate excess sugar through urine. symptoms.

5 Unexplained Weight Loss 6 Fatigue and Weakness

Weight loss despite increased food Feelings of tiredness and weakness, even
consumption is a significant indication of after adequate rest, are common in
the body breaking down muscle and fat for individuals with uncontrolled diabetes.
energy.
 Diagnosis
1 Diagnostic Criteria
Diagnosis involves evaluating blood glucose
levels, glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) levels,
and additional tests such as C-peptide and
autoantibodies.
3 Glycated Hemoglobin Levels
HbA1c levels reflect average blood glucose
levels over the past three months and are
used to monitor long-term control.
2 Blood Glucose Testing
This involves measuring blood glucose
levels to identify patterns and trends,
informing treatment decisions.
4 Additional Tests
Tests like C-peptide and autoantibodies help
differentiate type 1 from other forms of
diabetes.
Treatment Options
Insulin Therapy
As the primary treatment,
insulin therapy aims to replace
the lost hormone and regulate
blood sugar levels.
Types of Insulin
Different types of insulin with
varying onset and duration are
used to mimic the body's
natural insulin production.
Delivery Methods
Insulin can be administered
through injections or insulin
pumps, providing
individualized options for
management.
 Complications

1 Chronic
2
Cardiovascular
Complications Disease
3
Kidney Disease Long-term uncontrolled Preventive measures are
blood sugar levels can crucial to reduce the risk
Regular monitoring and
lead to cardiovascular of heart disease due to
management are vital to
disease, kidney disease, diabetes-induced
prevent kidney damage
nerve damage, and eye changes in blood vessels
caused by the strain of
damage. and cholesterol levels.
filtering excess glucose.

4 Nerve Damage 5 Eye Damage

Preserving nerve function is essential in Eye examinations and early intervention are
avoiding complications such as digestion vital in preventing diabetes-related vision
problems, sexual dysfunction, and loss of loss and blindness.
sensation.
Prevention and Conclusion

1 Prevention Strategies 2 Early Detection and Intervention

While prevention methods are limited, Early diagnosis and prompt treatment can
maintaining a healthy lifestyle, including help manage symptoms and prevent
regular exercise and a balanced diet, is complications.
beneficial.

3 Summary of Key Points 4 Encouragement

Reiterate the central aspects of type 1 Encourage the audience to stay informed,
diabetes, emphasizing the importance of advocate for themselves, and seek
awareness and support. professional healthcare guidance when
managing diabetes.