ANSWER1-

ANSWER 2-
Layout planning is a very important aspect for every management. With a
better layout which suggests a better arrangement of resources in the
management improves the relationships with the customers. Every
management have a different type of layout for their organization according to
their business or service they provide their customers with.
Layout Planning in manufacturing and service organizations involves the
physical arrangement of various resources available in the system to improve
the performance of the operating system and therefore providing better
customer service.
A good layout design ensures that a vast majority jobs in manufacturing system
and service organizations have to travel shorter distances and spend less time
and complete their requirements unlike the bad layout designs.
TYPES OF LAYOUTS-

 PROCESS LAYOUT-
A process layout is an arrangement of resources on the basis of the
process characteristics of the resources available. Process layouts are
found in job shops, low volume products, customized products.
This layout is basically a type of facility layout in which a floor plan is
arranged with similar processes or machines located together. If there is
a machinery breakdown it does not affect the production.
Each department is organized into functional groups.
For example-
For a garment manufacturing, multiple sewing machines grouped for
different clothing items and inspection, wrapping, labelling, packaging
for different items in different areas.
 PRODUCT LAYOUT-
Product Layout is a type of layout design in which the resources needed
to produce the product are arranged in one line, as per the sequence of
operations. It is an alternative design for the arrangement of the
resources. If there is a machinery breakdown it affects the production.
This layout takes less production time and it is suitable for mass
productivity with less variety.
For example-
Banking, the customer arrives and at the waiting area and a member of
the customer relationship staff attends to all of his or her requirements.

 Group technology layout-

It is a very important technique in the planning of manufacture. GT is
known as cellular Manufacturing. It is a manufacturing technique in
which parts with similar geometry, manufacturing process or any
functions are manufactured in a single location using a small number of
machines. It is based on the general principle that many problems are
similar and that by grouping similar problems a single solution to a set of
problems can be found. Saving time and efforts. By using this technique,
production planning and control functions are simplified. It is a
combination of product layout and process layout.
Group technology can be applied in any industry for example:Machining,
welding, press work, etc where small batch variety production is used.
 Fixed position layout-
There are many situations in which the product manufacture is heavy,
bulky, difficult to move and is often made in quantities of 1. In such
situations, the fixed position layout is used.
In fixed position layout, The project remains in one place and the
workers and equipment’s come to that one work area.
For example this layout can be employed for projects like ship, a
ahighway, bridges. This layouts are typically employed in large project
type organizations. For example nuclear engineering division of BHEL.

ANSWER 3-

A)