1. What is Capacity Planning? Explain briefly.

Capacity planning is essential to be determining optimum utilization of resource and plays an

important role decision-making process. For instance, Capacity Planning in any organization
involves the efficient utilization of the labor force in tandem with the other resources like
time, raw materials, etc. to achieve with the goal of the organization. The organization needs
to determine its capacity requirements before it starts it operations. Like the skills needed by
the workforce, no of workforce required, etc.

2. Explain why Capacity Planning and Facility Planning are important.

Capacity planning and facility planning are important because they assist an organization in
successfully meeting future resource demands. It allows you to examine how each person
works so that the organization may make reasonable modifications to future assignments
depending on the team's availability and talents. It helps in the frequent collection of digital
information that will be valuable to the company’s growth. With the use of capacity
planning, an organization may simply manage expenses throughout recessions and growths
by taking into consideration supply and production schedules, as well as facilities and staff.

3. What is Facility Layout? Carry out a comparative analysis between product

and process layout with an example.
Facility Layout is essentially how a facility is organized in order to maximize operations that
are both efficient and effective in achieving the ultimate organizational aim. Machines,
materials, and other facilities are positioned according to the order of processing in a
product layout. When a large-scale manufacturing is planned, it is frequently used. For
example, a garment manufacturer, stations for sewing cloth, sewing on buttons, inspecting
seams, wrapping finished garments and boxing them up would all be located within close
proximity for an individual clothing item, allowing individual garments to pass from one
station to another quickly. Whereas a process layout is a plant layout in which similar
machines are placed together in a single department. It's most commonly employed in non-
repetitive manufacturing processes. Using the garment manufacturing example, a process
layout would group multiple sewing stations together for different clothing items in one
area, then locate inspection, wrapping and packaging stations for different items together in
different areas.

4. How many types of Layouts are there for a facility? Briefly explain each of
them.
A product layout refers to a manufacturing system in which work stations and equipment are
positioned along the production line. A conveyor usually moves work units down a line.
Work is done in modest increments at each of the line's work stations. The whole work to be
done must be divided into tiny jobs that can be given to each of the workstations in order to
employ the product layout.
In a fixed-position layout, a product, which is too large or too heavy to move remains in one
location, and employees and equipment are directed to that location. Examples would be a
ship, a highway, a bridge, and a hospital operating room, where doctors, nurses and
equipment are brought to the patient.
Service Facility Layout will be determined by the amount of client contact and the type of
service required. These service arrangements are required to follow traditional layouts.
Features like easy entrance, well organized parking lots, well-marked entries and exits,
powered doors, escalators and lobbies for customers, create a convenience to customer and
increase the business. For example, in a vehicle service station, a product layout is used in
which the activities for servicing a car are performed in a specific order, regardless of the
kind of automobile.
A process layout is a design for a plant's floor plan that tries to increase efficiency by
organizing equipment by function. Material flows, inventory handling, and managerial waste
should all be eliminated in the manufacturing line. Workstations and machines are not
positioned according to a certain manufacturing sequence in process layout. Instead, each
department has a collection of comparable tasks or machinery (for example, a drill
department, a paint department, etc.)
Cellular manufacturing layout is a production structure designed to support manufacturers
that produce smaller batches. Equipment, machines, parts bins, tools, and workstations are
organized in these cells to support an optimum continuous production flow. Each cell is a
clearly defined self-sufficient manufacturing unit in which personnel are cross-trained on all
of the cell's equipment and tools. A cell could, for example, create finished parts from start
to finish, such as CNC machining and drilling parts for the aircraft sector. It might also build
assemblies like wiring harnesses that would later be employed as a component in finishing a
final item.
A combined layout is possible when an object is manufactured in many types and sizes. The
machinery is grouped in a process arrangement, but the process grouping is then ordered in
a sequence to make a variety of goods of various sorts and sizes. It should be noticed that
the sequence of procedures is same across all goods and sizes.